215 results on '"glucide"'
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2. Une nouvelle tendance en nutrition sportive, la périodisation nutritionnelle.
- Author
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Caillaud, Kevin
- Abstract
Résumé Depuis les années 2000, la nutrition du sport évolue en même temps que les progrès rapides en biologie et physiologie de l’exercice. Les investigations au niveau cellulaire ont permis de mieux cerner le lien entre la nutrition, l’entraînement et les adaptations subséquentes. Mieux, les stratégies des meilleurs sportifs pourraient bien devenir des outils thérapeutiques efficaces dans certaines pathologies. La périodisation nutritionnelle vise à amplifier les effets de l’entraînement physique. Summary Since the 2000s, sports nutrition has been developing in line with the rapid progress made in sports biology and physiology. Cell research has helped to identify more accurately the link between nutrition, training and subsequent adaptations. In addition, top athletes’ strategies could become effective treatment tools in certain pathologies. Nutrition periodisation aims to amplify the effects of physical training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. QUALITY PARAMETERS OF APPLE FRUITS MARKETED IN IAŞI.
- Author
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Antoanela, PATRAŞ
- Subjects
APPLE storage ,APPLE quality ,PRODUCE markets ,COMPOSITION of apples ,ACID content of fruit - Abstract
Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
4. ANALIZA PRINCIPALILOR INDICATORI CE CARACTERIZEAZĂ EVOLUȚIA CONSUMULUI ALIMENTAR COMPARATIV ÎNTRE PERIOADA 2001-2006 ȘI PERIOADA 2007-2014 DIN ROMÂNIA.
- Author
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RALUCA, NECULA, MIRELA, STOIAN, and MANEA, DRĂGHICI
- Abstract
Copyright of Proceedings of the International Symposium on Agrarian Economy & Rural Development is the property of Research Institute for Agricultural Economy & Rural Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2015
5. Many non-elite multisport endurance athletes do not meet sports nutrition recommendations for carbohydrates.
- Author
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Masson, Geneviève and Lamarche, Benoît
- Subjects
- *
ANALYSIS of variance , *ATHLETES , *CARBOHYDRATES , *CHI-squared test , *ENDURANCE sports , *INGESTION , *NUTRITION , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *T-test (Statistics) , *LOGISTIC regression analysis - Abstract
Little is known regarding the dietary intake of non-elite athletes involved in multisport endurance events. The primary objective of this observational study was to characterize the dietary intake of non-elite athletes participating in winter triathlon (snowshoeing, skating, and cross-country skiing), winter pentathlon (winter triathlon sports + cycling and running), Ironman (IM: swimming, cycling, running), and half-distance Ironman (IM 70.3) in relation with current sports nutrition recommendations. A total of 116 non-elite athletes (32 women and 84 men) who had participated in one of those events in 2014 were included in the analyses. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a validated online food frequency questionnaire. Participants (22-66 years old) trained 14.8 ± 5.3 h/week, on average (±SD). Only 45.7% [95% confidence interval, 36.4%-55.2%] of all athletes reported consuming the recommended intake for carbohydrates, with the highest proportion (66.7%) seen in IM athletes. On the other hand, 87.1% [79.6%-92.6%] of all athletes reported consuming at least 1.2 g protein·kg−1·day−1, while 66.4% [57.0%-74.9%] reported consuming more than 1.6 g protein·kg−1·day−1. The proportion of athletes consuming the recommended amount of protein was highest (84.6%) among IM athletes. There was no difference in the proportion of athletes achieving the recommended carbohydrate and protein intakes between men and women. These findings suggest that many non-elite multisport endurance athletes do not meet the current recommendations for carbohydrates, emphasizing the need for targeted nutritional education. Further research is needed to examine how underreporting of food intake may have affected these estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Concurrent starch accumulation in stump and high fruit production in coffee (Coffea arabica)
- Author
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Cambou, Aurélie, Thaler, Philippe, Clément-Vidal, Anne, Barthès, Bernard, Charbonnier, Fabien, Van Den Meersche, Karel, Aguilar Vega, Maria E., Avelino, Jacques, Davrieux, Fabrice, Labouisse, Jean-Pierre, de Melo Virginio Filho, Elias, Deleporte, Philippe, Brunet, Didier, Lehner, Peter, Roupsard, Olivier, Cambou, Aurélie, Thaler, Philippe, Clément-Vidal, Anne, Barthès, Bernard, Charbonnier, Fabien, Van Den Meersche, Karel, Aguilar Vega, Maria E., Avelino, Jacques, Davrieux, Fabrice, Labouisse, Jean-Pierre, de Melo Virginio Filho, Elias, Deleporte, Philippe, Brunet, Didier, Lehner, Peter, and Roupsard, Olivier
- Abstract
In coffee, fruit production on a given shoot drops after some years of high yield, triggering pruning to induce resprouting. The timing of pruning is a crucial farmer's decision affecting yield and labour. One reason for fruit production drop could be the exhaustion of resources, particularly the non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). To test this hypothesis in a Coffea L. arabica agroforestry system, we measured the concentrations of NSC, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in leaves, stems and stumps of the coffee plants, 2 and 5 years after pruning. We also compared shaded vs full sun plants. For that purpose, both analytical reference and visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VNIRS) methods were used. As expected, concentrations of biochemical variables linked to photosynthesis activity (N, glucose, fructose, sucrose) decreased from leaves to stems, and then to stumps. In contrast, variables linked more closely to plant structure and reserves (total C, C:N ratio, starch concentration) were higher in long lifespan organs like stumps. Shading had little effect on most measured parameters, contrary to expectations. Concentrations of N, glucose and fructose were higher in 2-year-old organs. Conversely, starch concentration in perennial stumps was three times higher 5 years after pruning than 2 years after pruning, despite high fruit production. Therefore, the drop in fruit production occurring after 5–6 years was not due to a lack of NSC on plant scale. Starch accumulation in perennial organs concurrently to other sinks, such as fruit growth, could be considered as a 'survival' strategy, which may be a relic of the behaviour of wild coffee (a tropical shade-tolerant plant). This study confirmed that VNIRS is a promisingly rapid and cost-effective option for starch monitoring (coefficient of determination for validation, R2 val = 0.91), whereas predictions were less accurate for soluble sugars, probably due to their too similar spectral signature.
- Published
- 2021
7. Concurrent starch accumulation in stump and high fruit production in coffee (Coffea arabica)
- Author
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Fabrice Davrieux, Didier Brunet, Elias de Melo Virginio Filho, Jacques Avelino, Philippe Deleporte, Bernard Barthès, Anne Clément-Vidal, Karel Van den Meersche, Philippe Thaler, Olivier Roupsard, Aurélie Cambou, Maria E Aguilar Vega, Jean-Pierre Labouisse, Fabien Charbonnier, and Peter Lehner
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Sucrose ,Perennial plant ,Physiology ,Starch ,F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement ,Coffea ,Plant Science ,Agroforesterie ,Biology ,Photosynthesis ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Coffee ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,systèmes agroforestiers ,Glucide ,Augmentation de rendement ,2. Zero hunger ,Coffea arabica ,fungi ,food and beverages ,15. Life on land ,Physiologie végétale ,Plant Leaves ,Horticulture ,Rendement des cultures ,chemistry ,Fruit ,Shoot ,Shading ,Pruning ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
In coffee, fruit production on a given shoot drops after some years of high yield, triggering pruning to induce resprouting. The timing of pruning is a crucial farmer’s decision affecting yield and labour. One reason for fruit production drop could be the exhaustion of resources, particularly the non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). To test this hypothesis in a Coffea L. arabica agroforestry system, we measured the concentrations of NSC, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in leaves, stems and stumps of the coffee plants, 2 and 5 years after pruning. We also compared shaded vs full sun plants. For that purpose, both analytical reference and visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VNIRS) methods were used. As expected, concentrations of biochemical variables linked to photosynthesis activity (N, glucose, fructose, sucrose) decreased from leaves to stems, and then to stumps. In contrast, variables linked more closely to plant structure and reserves (total C, C:N ratio, starch concentration) were higher in long lifespan organs like stumps. Shading had little effect on most measured parameters, contrary to expectations. Concentrations of N, glucose and fructose were higher in 2-year-old organs. Conversely, starch concentration in perennial stumps was three times higher 5 years after pruning than 2 years after pruning, despite high fruit production. Therefore, the drop in fruit production occurring after 5–6 years was not due to a lack of NSC on plant scale. Starch accumulation in perennial organs concurrently to other sinks, such as fruit growth, could be considered as a ‘survival’ strategy, which may be a relic of the behaviour of wild coffee (a tropical shade-tolerant plant). This study confirmed that VNIRS is a promisingly rapid and cost-effective option for starch monitoring (coefficient of determination for validation, R2val = 0.91), whereas predictions were less accurate for soluble sugars, probably due to their too similar spectral signature.
- Published
- 2020
8. Synthèses et Caractérisations de Glucides Électrostimulables pour des Applications Antifouling
- Author
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Peigneguy, Fanny and STAR, ABES
- Subjects
Carbohydrate ,Bacteria ,Carbone vitreux ,Diazonium salt ,Proteins ,Protéines ,Antifouling ,[CHIM.ORGA] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry ,Anti-bacterial assay ,Surface functionalization ,Electrical stimulation ,Bactéries ,Glucide ,Glassy carbon ,Système conjugué ,Conjugated system ,Amine - Abstract
Marine biofouling represents the undesirable accumulation of biological organisms on the surfaces of structures submerged in seawater. Unfortunately, this natural phenomenon has serious economic, environmental and material consequences. Since the ban of some biocides in antifouling paints (TBT in January 2008) because of their toxicity on the nontargeted marine species and their accumulation in the marine environment, research has focused on the development of new efficient, durable and environmentally friendly antifouling coatings without releasing toxic species. Thus, the work of this thesis deal with the functionalization of glassy carbon surface by carbohydrates linked to an electrostimulable conjugated system via a triazole link in order to develop surfaces with antifouling activity. Indeed, this kind of coating was designed to intervene in the first steps of biofouling. First, the carbohydrate, which is very hydrophilic, should fight against the formation of the conditioning film by surronding itself with an aqueous barrier resistant to proteins. On the other hand, the continuous modification of charge state by applying an electric current to the electroactive conjugated system is expected to disrupt the bacterial colonization delaying the installation of marine biofilm. Our study is therefore based on the synthesis and the immobilization of electrostimulable carbohydrates on a glassy carbon surface by aromatic amine oxidation in organic and aqueous media. A microbiological test was carried out on one of the carbohydrate coatings in the presence of the TC8 bacterial strain in the wells of a microplate containing electrochemical cells connected to a potentiostat. Electrical stimulation of this coating allowed to improve its antibacterial properties, Les biosalissures marines représentent l’accumulation indésirable d’organismes biologiques sur les surfaces de structures immergées dans l’eau de mer. Malheureusement, ce phénomène naturel a de sérieuses conséquences sur les plans économiques, environnementaux et matériels. Depuis l’interdiction de certains biocides dans les peintures antisalissures (en particulier le TBT en janvier 2008) à cause de leur toxicité envers des espèces marines non-ciblées et de leur accumulation dans l’environnement marin, la recherche a mis l’accent sur le développement de nouveaux revêtements antifouling efficaces,durables et respectueux de l’environnement sans relargage d’espèces toxiques. Ainsi, les travaux de cette thèse portent sur la fonctionnalisation de carbone vitreux par des glucides reliés à des systèmes conjugués électrostimulables via un lien triazole pour développer des surfaces à activité antifouling. En effet, ce type de revêtement a été conçu pour intervenir dans les premières étapes du biofouling. Tout d’abord, le glucide, très hydrophile, devrait lutter contre la formation du film conditionnant en s’entourant d’une barrière aqueuse résistante aux protéines. D’autre part, la modification de l’état de charge de la surface en continu par application d’un courant électrique sur le système conjugué électro-actif devrait perturber la colonisation bactérienneretardant l’installation du biofilm marin. Notre étude repose donc sur la synthèse et l’immobilisation d’un ensemble de glucides électrostimulables sur une surface de carbone vitreux par oxydation de l’amine aromatique en milieux organiques et aqueux. Un test microbiologique a été réalisé sur un des revêtements glucidiques en présence de la souche bactérienne TC8 dans les puits d’une microplaque contenant des cellules électrochimiques reliées à un potentiostat. La stimulation électrique de ce revêtement a permis d’améliorer ses propriétés antibactériennes.
- Published
- 2020
9. Biochemical composition of Hevea brasiliensis latex: A focus on the protein, lipid, carbohydrate and mineral contents
- Author
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Céline Bottier, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
Latex ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,Biochimie ,Hevea latex ,Raw material ,03 medical and health sciences ,Natural rubber ,Non-isoprenes ,Glucide ,[SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology ,Food science ,Q60 - Traitement des produits agricoles non alimentaires ,030304 developmental biology ,Saignée ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Mineral ,Lipide ,biology ,Latex fractions ,030302 biochemistry & molecular biology ,Biochemical composition ,Composition chimique ,Polymer ,Carbohydrate ,biology.organism_classification ,Hevea brasiliensis ,chemistry ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Composition (visual arts) ,Protéine végétale ,Hevea - Abstract
International audience; The latex collected from the Hevea brasiliensis tree is today the only commercial source of natural rubber (NR), the cis-1,4-polyisoprene polymer, a strategic raw material. The Hevea latex is a very complex material both in its structure and composition. In terms of structure, it is a colloidal dispersion where various micrometric objects, mainly rubber particles and lutoids, are dispersed in the cytoplasmic serum (C-serum). The rubber fraction is the most abundant, followed by the C-serum and the lutoids. In terms of composition, the fresh latex contains about 60% of water, 35% of cis-1,4-polyisoprene and 5% of non-isoprene molecules. These non-isoprenes are biochemical compounds mostly including proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and minerals, and their distribution in the fractions of latex is not homogeneous. Although the non-isoprenes represent a minor part of the latex, some of them are retained in NR after latex processing and recognized to play a crucial role on the NR properties. Actually, the non-isoprene molecules are likely behind the better mechanical properties of NR over its synthetic counterpart, but they are also responsible for the high variability of NR quality. This variability of NR quality is a major drawback in NR industry and is directly linked to the latex composition, which is influenced by various physical and physiological parameters. The biochemical composition of latex matters, and this chapter is thus an overview of the protein, lipid, carbohydrate and mineral contents in latex, as well as their distribution in the three main fractions of latex.
- Published
- 2020
10. Reusability study of Novozym® 435 for the enzymatic synthesis of mannosyl myristate in pure ionic liquids.
- Author
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Galonde, Nadine, Richard, Gaëtan, Deleu, Magali, Nott, Katherine, Jérôme, Christine, and Fauconnier, Marie-Laure
- Subjects
ENZYMES ,CHEMICAL synthesis ,IONIC liquids ,INDUSTRIAL costs ,COST control ,TRANSESTERIFICATION ,MANNOSE ,TETRAFLUOROBORATES - Abstract
Copyright of Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Societe et Environnement is the property of Les Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
11. Alimentation et diabète.
- Author
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Fougere, Édouard
- Abstract
Les mesures diététiques constituent la base du traitement préventif et curatif du diabète de type 2. Elles doivent être comprises du patient diabétique, qui doit être sensibilisé à la notion d'équilibre alimentaire, et connues du pharmacien d'officine, qui doit systématiquement les lui rappeler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Plasma deuterium oxide accumulation following ingestion of different carbohydrate beverages.
- Author
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Currell, Kevin, Urch, Joanna, Cerri, Erika, Jentjens, Roy L. P., Blannin, Andy K., and Jeukendrup, Asker E.
- Subjects
- *
DEUTERIUM oxide , *BEVERAGES , *PLASMA gases , *BLOOD testing , *SALIVA analysis , *ORAL rehydration therapy - Abstract
Optimal fluid delivery from carbohydrate solutions such as oral rehydration solutions or sports drinks is essential. The aim of the study was to investigate whether a beverage containing glucose and fructose would result in greater fluid delivery than a beverage containing glucose alone. Six male subjects were recruited (average age (±SD): 22 ± 2 y). Subjects entered the laboratory between 0700h and 0900h after an overnight fast. A 600 mL bolus of 1 of the 3 experimental beverages was then given. The experimental beverages were water (W), 75 g glucose (G), or 50 g glucose and 25 g fructose (GF); each beverage also contained 3.00 g of D2O. Following administration of the experimental beverage subjects remained in a seated position for 180 min. Blood and saliva samples were then taken every 5 min in the first hour and every 15 min thereafter. Plasma and saliva samples were analyzed for deuterium enrichment by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Deuterium oxide enrichments were compared using a 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance. The water trial (33 ± 3 min) showed a significantly shorter time to peak than either G (82 ± 40 min) or GF (59 ± 25 min), but the difference between G and GF did not reach statistical significance. There was a significantly greater AUC for GF (55 673 ± 10 020 δ‰ vs. Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (VSMOW).180min) and W (60 497 ± 9864 δ‰ vs. VSMOW.180min) compared with G (46 290 ± 9622 δ‰ vs. VSMOW.180min); W and GF were not significantly different from each other. These data suggest that a 12.5% carbohydrate beverage containing glucose and fructose results in more rapid fluid delivery in the first 75 min than a beverage containing glucose alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Aromatic compound glucosides, alkyl glucoside and glucide from the fruit of anise
- Author
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Fujimatu, Eiko, Ishikawa, Toru, and Kitajima, Junichi
- Subjects
- *
ANISE , *UMBELLIFERAE - Abstract
From the polar portion of the methanolic extract of the fruit of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), which has been used as a spice and medicine since antiquity, four aromatic compound glucosides, an alkyl glucoside and a glucide were isolated together with 24 known compounds. The structures of the new compounds were clarified as (E)-3-hydroxyanethole β-d-glucopyranoside, (E)-1′-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)propane β-d-glucopyranoside, 3-hydroxyestragole β-d-glucopyranoside, methyl syringate 4-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, hexane-1,5-diol 1-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and 1-deoxy-l-erythritol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside by spectral investigation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Effect of Nutrient and Micronutrient Intake on Chylomicron Production and Postprandial Lipemia
- Author
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Denis Lairon, René Valéro, Marie Maraninchi, Patrick Borel, Charles Desmarchelier, Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition (C2VN), Hôpital de la Conception [CHU - APHM] (LA CONCEPTION ), Lehrstuhl für Ernährungsphysiologie, and Technische Universität München [München] (TUM)
- Subjects
030309 nutrition & dietetics ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Phytochemicals ,carbohydrates ,Review ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Overweight ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,food structure ,cardiovascular disease ,maladie cardiovasculaire ,Chylomicrons ,Medicine ,vitamine ,Micronutrients ,triglycerides ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,chylomicron ,cholestérol ,food and beverages ,[SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism ,Micronutrient ,Postprandial Period ,vitamins ,3. Good health ,Postprandial ,protéine ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Alimentation et Nutrition ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,medicine.symptom ,cholesterol ,fibers ,lipids ,polyphenols ,proteins ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,source alimentaire ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,Hyperlipidemias ,polyphénol ,03 medical and health sciences ,Metabolic Diseases ,Internal medicine ,Food and Nutrition ,Humans ,triglyceride ,Risk factor ,lipide ,dyslipidemie ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Plant Extracts ,Hypertriglyceridemia ,Feeding Behavior ,Nutrients ,medicine.disease ,Diet ,glucide ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,hypertriglyceridemie ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Food Science ,Chylomicron - Abstract
International audience; Postprandial lipemia, which is one of the main characteristics of the atherogenic dyslipidemia with fasting plasma hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and an increase of small and dense low-density lipoproteins is now considered a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Postprandial lipemia, which is mainly related to the increase in chylomicron production, is frequently elevated in individuals at high cardiovascular risk such as obese or overweight patients, type 2 diabetic patients and subjects with a metabolic syndrome who share an insulin resistant state. It is now well known that chylomicron production and thus postprandial lipemia is highly regulated by many factors such as endogenous factors: circulating factors such as hormones or free fatty acids, genetic variants, circadian rhythms, or exogenous factors: food components, dietary supplements and prescription drugs. In this review, we focused on the effect of nutrients, micronutrients and phytochemicals but also on food structure on chylomicron production and postprandial lipemia.
- Published
- 2019
15. Importanța suportului nutrițional în perioada de lăuzie.
- Author
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Cheţa, Dan Mircea, Spiridon, Maria, and Mitran, Mihai
- Abstract
The evolution of body weight and life style control has become a contemporary preoccupation. There are physiological stages throughout a woman's life when the body weight undergoes reversible modifications, for example during pregnancy. Immediately after birth, during the childbed period, the expectations regarding the evolution of body weight are very high. Having sufficient lactation in order to breastfeed the newborn becomes the main wish during this period. Today's nutrition guides recommend a correlation of the nutrition input with the energetic demand in view of a post labour physical recovery and for getting the necessary nutrients for a high quality breast milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
16. Mycelial development preceding basidioma formation in Moniliophthora perniciosa is associated to chitin, sugar and nutrient metabolism alterations involving autophagy
- Author
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Acassia Benjamin Leal Pires, Sara Pereira Menezes, Lidiane Figueredo Ribeiro, Maiza Alves Lopes, Aristóteles Góes-Neto, Fabienne Micheli, Cristiano Villela Dias, Bruno Silva Andrade, Raildo Mota de Jesus, and Dayane Santos Gomes
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Biosynthèse ,Gene Expression ,Chitin ,Moniliophthora ,Moniliophthora perniciosa ,Substance nutritive ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Expression des gènes ,Phylogeny ,Mycelium ,Paroi cellulaire ,Autolyse ,Fungal protein ,biology ,Chitinases ,Chitin synthase ,Mycologie ,Biochemistry ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,Développement biologique ,Genes, Fungal ,030106 microbiology ,Carbohydrates ,Microbiology ,Chitine ,Fungal Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Métabolisme ,Autophagy ,Genetics ,Theobroma cacao ,Glucide ,Primordium ,H20 - Maladies des plantes ,Cacao ,Chitinase ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Agaricales - Abstract
We identified and characterized two chitinases, named MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, from the fungus Moniliophthora perniciosa - the etiologic agent of witches' broom disease in cacao tree (Theobroma cacao L.) - during its development, mainly in the mycelia phases preceding the basidioma formation. The expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2, together with MpCHS and MpATG8 (chitin synthase and autophagy genes, respectively), was analyzed during the M. perniciosa growth and development on bran-based solid medium as well as in liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin (oxidative and nutritional related-autophagy stress agents, respectively). In order to link the expression of chitin metabolism-related genes to nutritional composition influencing fungus development, we also quantified total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients in the bran-based solid medium. The expression analysis showed that the MpCHS expression increased through mycelial development and then decreased in the primordium and basidioma phases, while the expression of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 was higher in basidioma and primordium phases, respectively. Moreover, the expression pattern of MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is distinct, the second correlated with the MpATG8 expression pattern and possibly with autophagy process, while the first may be related to the basidioma formation. The quantification of total and reduced sugars, as well as macro- and micronutrients supported the idea that the cell wall restructuration due to MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 is related to stress and fungal nutrient reallocation, allowing the formation and development of the basidioma. Experiments involving M. perniciosa growth on liquid medium containing H2O2 or rapamycin showed that MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 were over-expressed in response to oxidative but also to nutritional related-autophagy stresses. Interestingly, the expression level of MpCHS, MpCHIT1 and MpCHIT2 in presence of rapamycin is similar to the one observed in the primordium and basidioma from bran-based solid medium. The analysis of the overall data allowed designing a general scheme of chitin metabolism and autophagy during M. perniciosa development, focusing on the mycelium phases as crucial and environmentally influenced steps preceding the primordium and basidioma formation. These data support the idea that the nutritional environment of M. perniciosa influences its development and life cycle.
- Published
- 2016
17. Hepatic Glucose Metabolic Responses to Digestible Dietary Carbohydrates in Two Isogenic Lines of Rainbow Trout
- Author
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Stéphane Panserat, Edwige Quillet, Mathilde Dupont-Nivet, Lucie Marandel, Inge Geurden, Xuerong Song, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative (GABI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, X. Song gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance provided by University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) for the fellowship., European Project: 652831,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,AQUAEXCEL2020(2015), and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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0301 basic medicine ,animal diseases ,No keyword ,poisson ,glucose ,Biology (General) ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Animal biology ,trout ,oncorhynchus mykiss ,Carnivorous ,biology ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,rainbow trout ,Trout ,nutrition ,Biochemistry ,animal feeding ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Phosphofructokinase ,expression des gènes ,Research Article ,endocrine system ,animal structures ,alimentation animale ,QH301-705.5 ,Science ,education ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,rainbow ,Biologie animale ,Genetics ,14. Life underwater ,nutrition animale ,métabolisme du glucose ,Glucokinase ,urogenital system ,Metabolism ,biology.organism_classification ,glucide ,Metabolism pathway ,030104 developmental biology ,Gluconeogenesis ,animal nutrition ,040102 fisheries ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,fish nutrition ,carnivorous ,genetics ,metabolism pathway ,gene expression ,Rainbow trout ,Fish nutrition ,Gene expression ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Pyruvate kinase ,truite arc en ciel - Abstract
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was recognized as a typical ‘glucose-intolerant’ fish and poor dietary carbohydrate user. Our first objective was to test the effect of dietary carbohydrates themselves (without modification of dietary protein intake) on hepatic glucose gene expression (taking into account the paralogs). The second aim was to research if two isogenic trout lines had different responses to carbohydrate intake, showing one with a better use dietary carbohydrates. Thus, we used two isogenic lines of rainbow trout (named A32h and AB1h) fed with either a high carbohydrate diet or a low carbohydrate diet for 12 weeks. We analysed the zootechnical parameters, the plasma metabolites, the hepatic glucose metabolism at the molecular level and the hormonal-nutrient sensing pathway. Globally, dietary carbohydrate intake was associated with hyperglycaemia and down regulation of the energy sensor Ampk, but also with atypical regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver. Indeed, the first steps of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis catalysed by the glucokinase and the phospenolpyruvate carboxykinase are regulated at the molecular level by dietary carbohydrates as expected (i.e. induction of the glycolytic gck and repression of the gluconeogenic pck); by contrast, and surprisingly, for two other key glycolytic enzymes (phosphofructokinase enzyme – pfkl and pyruvate kinase – pk) some of the paralogs (pfklb and pklr) are inhibited by carbohydrates whereas some of the genes coding gluconeogenic enzymes (the glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme g6pcb1b and g6pcb2a gene and the fructose1-6 biphosphatase paralog fbp1a) are induced. On the other hand, some differences for the zootechnical parameters and metabolic genes were also found between the two isogenic lines, confirming the existence of genetic polymorphisms for nutritional regulation of intermediary metabolism in rainbow trout. In conclusion, our study determines some new and unexpected molecular regulations of the glucose metabolism in rainbow trout which may partly lead to the poor utilization of dietary carbohydrates and it underlines the existence of differences in molecular regulation of glucose metabolism between two isogenic lines which provides arguments for future selection of rainbow trout., Summary: Using isogenic lines, this study determines some new, unexpected molecular regulation of the glucose metabolism in rainbow trout, which may partly lead to the poor utilization of dietary carbohydrates.
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- 2018
18. Analyse des glucides dans des échantillons de maïs
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Gervais, Corentin and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
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amidon ,[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,maïs ,starch ,conservation ,maize ,fodder ,méthode Ewers ,colorimetric analysis ,glucide ,corn ,sugars ,dégradation de l'amidon ,dégradation du sucre ,conservation des echantillons ,fourrages ,dégradation ,analyse colorimétrique ,sucres ,Ewers method - Abstract
Analyse des glucides dans des échantillons de maïs
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- 2017
19. Evaluation and modelling of continuous flow sub-critical water hydrolysis of biomass derived components; lipids and carbohydrates
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Steve Bowra, Regina Santos, Jerry W. King, Daniel Pioch, and M.N. Baig
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Modèle ,food.ingredient ,General Chemical Engineering ,Biomass ,Extraction au fluide supercritique ,Hydrolysis ,food ,Q02 - Traitement et conservation des produits alimentaires ,eau ,Biomasse ,Glucide ,Technique analytique ,Q60 - Traitement des produits agricoles non alimentaires ,riz ,Hydrolyse ,Lipide ,Bran ,Waste management ,Chemistry ,Sunflower oil ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Huile de tournesol ,General Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,Son ,Solvent ,Scientific method ,Yield (chemistry) ,Extraction par solvant - Abstract
Sub-critical water is widely accepted as an environmentally benign solvent, for extraction but also as a catalytic medium therefore has the potential to support processing of multiple components found in biomass. The manuscript demonstrates the versatility of sub-critical water as a generic medium to support hydrolysis of rice bran (carbohydrates) and sunflower oil (lipid substrates), substrates that possess very different physio-chemically properties within a continuous flow process configuration. Response surface methodologies (RSM) were used to assist modelling the multiple process parameters that impact sub-critical water mediate hydrolysis of sunflower oil. Successful validation, of the models illustrate that 100% FFA yield would be achieved at temperature 385 °C; pressure 20 MPa; residence time of 35 min; oil to water ratio 1:1.8 (v/v) represents 65% water. Experiments conducted under these conditions yielded 93.5%, thereby confirming the utility of the RSM as a tool to assist in process development.
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- 2013
20. Première approche épigénétique en nutrition des poissons : étude de la régulation épigénétique de la néogluconéogénèse hépatique chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) - conséquences d'un régime hyperglucidique
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Marandel, Lucie, Panserat, Stephane, Nutrition, Aquaculture et Génomique (NUAGE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
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fish ,trout ,oncorhynchus mykiss ,[SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,néoglucogenèse ,régulation epigénétique ,rainbow trout ,glucide ,épigénétique ,poisson ,rainbow ,animal nutrition ,gène dupliqué ,nutrition animale ,duplicate genes ,truite arc en ciel - Abstract
Crédit Incitatif 2014. Champ thématique : Ressources, Adaptation; Première approche épigénétique en nutrition des poissons : étude de la régulation épigénétique de la néogluconéogénèse hépatique chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss) - conséquences d'un régime hyperglucidique. Journées d’Animation des Crédits Incitatifs du Département de Physiologie Animale et Systèmes d’Elevage (JACI Phase 2016)
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- 2016
21. Effects of Chronic Consumption of Sugar-Enriched Diets on Brain Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity in Adult Yucatan Minipigs
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David Val-Laillet, Paul Meurice, Charles-Henri Malbert, Melissa Ochoa, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), US 1395 ANI-SCAN [INRA], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
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0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Swine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,imagerie cerebrale ,lcsh:Medicine ,Fructoses ,Biochemistry ,Starches ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Glucose Metabolism ,Dietary Sucrose ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Insulin ,lcsh:Science ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,2. Zero hunger ,Multidisciplinary ,Organic Compounds ,Monosaccharides ,Brain ,3. Good health ,régime alimentaire ,obésité ,sensibilité à l'insuline ,Chemistry ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Physiological Parameters ,Alimentation et Nutrition ,Physical Sciences ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,Swine, Miniature ,medicine.symptom ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carbohydrates ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Biology ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Food and Nutrition ,Animals ,Sugar transporter ,métabolisme cérébral ,Nutrition ,miniporc ,Diabetic Endocrinology ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Organic Chemistry ,Body Weight ,lcsh:R ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Fructose ,Carbohydrate ,Animal Feed ,Hormones ,Diet ,glucide ,Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex ,Metabolism ,Glucose ,chemistry ,Basal (medicine) ,carbohydrate ,lcsh:Q ,Insulin Resistance ,Weight gain ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
International audience; Excessive sugar intake might increase the risk to develop eating disorders via an altered reward circuitry, but it remains unknown whether different sugar sources induce different neural effects and whether these effects are dependent from body weight. Therefore, we compared the effects of three high-fat and isocaloric diets varying only in their carbohydrate sources on brain activity of reward-related regions, and assessed whether brain activity is dependent on insulin sensitivity. Twenty-four minipigs underwent 18FDG PET brain imaging following 7-month intake of high-fat diets of which 20% in dry matter weight (36.3% of metabolisable energy) was provided by starch, glucose or fructose (n = 8 per diet). Animals were then subjected to a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp to determine peripheral insulin sensitivity. After a 7-month diet treatment, all groups had substantial increases in body weight (from 36.02±0.85 to 63.33±0.81 kg; P
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- 2016
22. Dietary lipid and carbohydrate interactions: implications on lipid and glucose absorption, transport in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles
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Carolina Castro, Aires Oliva-Teles, Geneviève Corraze, Ana Basto, Stéphane Panserat, Laurence Larroquet, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigaçao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMA), Nutrition, Aquaculture et Génomique (NUAGE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This work was partially supported by national funds through the FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology)— under the project‘PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011’ and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE— operational competitiveness programme. C. C. was supported by a grant (SFRH/BD/76297/2011) from FCT, Portugal, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
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0301 basic medicine ,nutrient absorption and transport ,Biochemistry ,Intestinal absorption ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,serum metabolite ,poisson ,alternative ingredient ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,Starch ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Fish oil ,Cholesterol ,juvénile ,Digestion ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,animal feeding ,expression des gènes ,Genetic Markers ,medicine.medical_specialty ,digestibilité ,alimentation animale ,Dietary lipid ,Phospholipid ,Biology ,sparus aurata ,03 medical and health sciences ,lipid ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,Animals ,Plant Oils ,Lipid Transport ,lipide ,fish ,Organic Chemistry ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Lipid metabolism ,Cell Biology ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Carbohydrate ,Lipid Metabolism ,Dietary Fats ,Sea Bream ,glucide ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Glucose ,chemistry ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Intestinal Absorption ,digestibility ,040102 fisheries ,gene expression ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition - Abstract
A digestibility trial was performed with gilthead sea bream juveniles (IBW = 72 g) fed four diets differing in lipid source (fish oil, FO; or a blend of vegetable oil, VO) and starch content (0 %, CH−; or 20 %, CH+) to evaluate the potential interactive effects between carbohydrates and VO on the processes involved in digestion, absorption and transport of lipids and glucose. In fish fed VO diets a decrease in lipid digestibility and in cholesterol (C), High Density Lipoprotein(HDL)-C and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-C (only in CH+ group) were recorded. Contrarily, dietary starch induced postprandial hyperglycemia and time related alterations on serum triacylglycerol (TAG), phospholipid (PL) and C concentrations. Fish fed a CH+ diet presented lower serum TAG than CH− group at 6 h post-feeding, and the reverse was observed at 12 h post-feeding for TAG and PL. Lower serum C and PL at 6 h post-feeding were recorded only in VOCH+ group. No differences between groups were observed in hepatic and intestinal transcript levels of proteins involved in lipid transport and hydrolysis (FABP, DGAT, GPAT, MTP, LPL, LCAT). Lower transcript levels of proteins related to lipid transport (ApoB, ApoA1, FABP2) were observed in the intestine of fish fed the CH+ diet, but remained unchanged in the liver. Overall, transcriptional mechanisms involved in lipid transport and absorption were not linked to changes in lipid serum and digestibility. Dietary starch affected lipid absorption and transport, probably due to a delay in lipid absorption. This study suggests that a combination of dietary VO and starch may negatively affect cholesterol absorption and transport.
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- 2016
23. Hepatic fatty acid biosynthesis is more responsive to protein than carbohydrate in rainbow trout during acute stimulations
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Weiwei Dai, Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan, Iban Seiliez, Sadasivam Kaushik, Frédéric Terrier, Stéphane Panserat, Sandrine Skiba-Cassy, Nutrition, Aquaculture et Génomique (NUAGE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and W. Dai gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance provided by the China Scholarship Council (CSC, file no. 2011633111) for his doctoral fellowship
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0301 basic medicine ,target of rapamycin ,Time Factors ,food intake ,ATP citrate lyase ,Physiology ,fatty acid biosynthesis ,rapamycine ,biosynthèse ,poisson ,Insulin ,Amino Acids ,Cells, Cultured ,lipogénèse ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,trout ,oncorhynchus mykiss ,alimentation ,biology ,acide gras ,TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,Fatty Acids ,rainbow trout ,Pyruvate carboxylase ,Fatty acid synthase ,sirolimus ,Biochemistry ,protéine ,Lipogenesis ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Dietary Proteins ,Signal Transduction ,Fish Proteins ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Primary Cell Culture ,Nutritional Status ,Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 ,Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ,03 medical and health sciences ,rainbow ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,Animals ,nutrition animale ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,lipogenesis ,fish ,Fatty acid ,Carbohydrate ,Sterol regulatory element-binding protein ,glucide ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Enzyme ,Glucose ,chemistry ,carbohydrate ,Multiprotein Complexes ,animal nutrition ,biology.protein ,Hepatocytes ,fatty acid ,biosynthesis ,protein ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,truite arc en ciel - Abstract
The link between dietary carbohydrate/protein and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) remains debatable in carnivorous fish. We aimed to evaluate and compare the response of hepatic lipogenic gene expression to dietary carbohydrate intake/glucose and dietary protein intake/amino acids (AAs) during acute stimulations using both in vivo and in vitro approaches. For the in vivo trial, three different diets and a controlled-feeding method were employed to supply fixed amount of dietary protein or carbohydrate in a single meal; for the in vitro trial, primary hepatocytes were stimulated with a low or high level of glucose (3 mM or 20 mM) and a low or high level of AAs (one-fold or four-fold concentrated AAs). In vitro data showed that a high level of AAs upregulated the expression of enzymes involved in DNL [fatty acid synthase (FAS) and ATP citrate lyase (ACLY)], lipid bioconversion [elongation of very long chain fatty acids like-5 (Elovl5), Elovl2, Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase (D6D) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1)], NADPH production [glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and malic enzyme (ME)], and transcriptional factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1-like, while a high level of glucose only elevated the expression of ME. Data in trout liver also showed that high dietary protein intake induced higher lipogenic gene expression (FAS, ACLY, and Elovl2) regardless of dietary carbohydrate intake, while high carbohydrate intake markedly suppressed the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and Elovl5. Overall, we conclude that, unlike rodents or humans, hepatic fatty acid biosynthetic gene expression in rainbow trout is more responsive to dietary protein intake/AAs than dietary carbohydrate intake/glucose during acute stimulations. This discrepancy probably represents one important physiological and metabolic difference between carnivores and omnivores.
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- 2016
24. Mannoside recognition and degradation by bacteria
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LADEVEZE, Simon, Laville, Elisabeth, Despres, Jordane, Mosoni, Pascale, Veronese, Gabrielle, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés (LISBP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDIS), INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Microbiologie (MIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé - Clermont Auvergne (MEDIS), INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix
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Mammals ,bactérie ,Bacteria ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Fungi ,mannan ,mannans ,Plants ,bacterium ,glucide ,mannoside ,enzyme active ,Mannosides ,N-glycan ,Animals ,carbohydrate active enzyme ,mannane - Abstract
Mannosides constitute a vast group of glycans widely distributed in nature. Produced by almost all organisms, these carbohydrates are involved in numerous cellular processes, such as cell structuration, protein maturation and signalling, mediation of protein – protein interactions and cell recognition. The ubiquitous presence of mannosides in the environment means they are a reliable source of carbon and energy for bacteria, which have developed complex strategies to harvest them. This review focuses on the various mannosides that can be found in nature and details their structure. It underlines their involvement in cellular interactions and finally describes the latest discoveries regarding the catalytic machinery and metabolic pathways that bacteria have developed to metabolize them.
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- 2016
25. Liver and intestine oxidative status of gilthead sea bream fed vegetable oil and carbohydrate rich diets
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Filipe Coutinho, Alexandre F. Diógenes, Amalia Pérez-Jiménez, Helena Peres, Carolina Castro, Aires Oliva-Teles, Geneviève Corraze, Stéphane Panserat, Faculty of Sciences Department of Biology, Universidade do Porto [Porto], Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigaçao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMA), Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), This work was partially supported by national funds through FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) – under the project ‘PEst-C/MAR/LA0015/2011’ and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the COMPETE–Operational Competitiveness Programme. CC, APJ, and FC were supported by grants (SFRH/BD/76297/2011, SFRH/BPD/64684/2009, SFRH/BD/86799/2012, respectively) from FCT. AD was supported by a grant (211673/2013-7) from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brazil, and Universidade do Porto
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0301 basic medicine ,Antioxidant ,alimentation animale ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Glutathione reductase ,Dietary lipid ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,liver ,Lipid peroxidation ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,antioxidant defence ,poisson ,intestin ,medicine ,oxidative stress ,Food science ,intestine ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,huile végétale ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,fish ,Glutathione peroxidase ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,stress oxydatif ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Glutathione ,Fish oil ,foie ,vegetal oil ,glucide ,030104 developmental biology ,défense anti oxydante ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,vegetable oil ,daurade royale ,carbohydrate ,040102 fisheries ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,animal feeding ,liver function tests ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Oxidative stress - Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary lipid source and carbohydrate content on liver and intestine oxidative status of gilthead sea bream juveniles, by assessing antioxidant defences enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPX; glutathione reductase, GR; and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6PD); total, reduced, and oxidized glutathione (GSH); and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Fish were fed for 13 weeks with four diets (2 × 2 factorial design) differing in lipid source (Fish oil- FO or a blend of vegetable oil-VO) and carbohydrate level (0 or 20% of digestible starch). Dietary VO reduced liver and intestine LPO, and enhanced liver GSH redox status (total and reduced GSH), GPX, GR, and G6PD activities, while in the intestine a decrease of G6PD activity and an increase of catalase activity and of reduced GSH (only in the carbohydrate diet) were recorded. Dietary carbohydrate promoted an increase of hepatic SOD and G6PD activities, and a decrease of CAT activity, total, oxidized, and reduced GSH, LPO, and oxidative stress index (OSI) (only in the FO diet). In the intestine, dietary carbohydrate did not induce alterations in LPO or enzymatic antioxidant defences but negatively affected GSH redox status (OSI, reduced and oxidized GSH). Overall, few interactions between dietary lipid source and carbohydrates were recorded. Dietary VO appeared to have a protective role against LPO in both tissues. Dissimilarities in liver and intestine susceptibility to LPO by dietary carbohydrate may reflect differences in glucose and GSH metabolism in the two tissues. Statement of relevance Plant related macronutrients improve fish oxidative status.
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- 2016
26. Carbohydrates and insulin resistance in clinical nutrition: Recommendations from the ESPEN expert group
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Yves Boirie, Cristina Cuerda, Olle Ljungqvist, Claude Pichard, Tommy Cederholm, M. León Sanz, Pierre Singer, A. Van Gossum, Nathalie M. Delzenne, Maurizio Muscaritoli, Stephan C. Bischoff, Jean-Charles Preiser, Gianni Biolo, Bernard Thorens, Roberto Vettor, Philip C. Calder, Rocco Barazzoni, Paolo Sbraccia, Luc Tappy, Nicolaas E. P. Deutz, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli studi di Trieste, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University System, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Internal Medicine, Department of Nutritional Medicine/Prevention, University of Hohenheim, Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Unity of Nutrition, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Department of Clinical Medicine, Örebro University, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Université Catholique de Louvain, Geneva University Hospital (HUG), Department of Intensive Care, Hôpital Universitaire Erasme, Department of Systems Medicine, Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Department of Intensive Care, Institute for Nutrition Research, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Université de Lausanne, Center for Integrative Genomics, Gastroenterology Service, Internal Medicine Unit and Center for the Study and Integrated Treatment of Obesity, Department of Medicine, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Faculty of Medicine, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Center for Integrative Genomics - Institute of Bioinformatics, Génopode (CIG), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UCL - SSS/LDRI - Louvain Drug Research Institute, Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Tel Aviv University (TAU), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Barazzoni, Rocco, Deutz, N. E. P., Biolo, Gianni, Bischoff, S., Boirie, Y., Cederholm, T., Cuerda, C., Delzenne, N., Leon Sanz, M., Ljungqvist, O., Muscaritoli, M., Pichard, C., Preiser, J. C., Sbraccia, P., Singer, P., Tappy, L., Thorens, B., Van Gossum, A., Vettor, R., and Calder, P. C.
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0301 basic medicine ,Blood Glucose ,Clinical nutrition ,Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Nutrition Policy ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,insulin resistance ,Carbohydrates ,Insulin resistance ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,Diet ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,Evidence-Based Medicine ,Glycemic Index ,Humans ,Hyperglycemia ,Hypoglycemia ,Italy ,Nutritional Requirements ,Societies, Scientific ,Insulin Resistance ,Nutritional Support ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Ingestion ,2. Zero hunger ,clinical nutrition ,Scientific ,3. Good health ,régime alimentaire ,Glycemic index ,glycémie ,Carbohydrate ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,résistance à l'insuline ,Glycemic ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,business.industry ,Evidence-based medicine ,medicine.disease ,glycemia ,glucide ,carbohydrate ,Societies ,business - Abstract
Article in Press; Growing evidence underscores the important role of glycemic control in health and recovery from illness. Carbohydrate ingestion in the diet or administration in nutritional support is mandatory, but carbohydrate intake can adversely affect major body organs and tissues if resulting plasma glucose becomes too high, too low, or highly variable. Plasma glucose control is especially important for patients with conditions such as diabetes or metabolic stress resulting from critical illness or surgery. These patients are particularly in need of glycemic management to help lessen glycemic variability and its negative health consequences when nutritional support is administered. Here we report on recent findings and emerging trends in the field based on an ESPEN workshop held in Venice, Italy, 8-9 November 2015. Evidence was discussed on pathophysiology, clinical impact, and nutritional recommendations for carbohydrate utilization and management in nutritional support. The main conclusions were: a) excess glucose and fructose availability may exacerbate metabolic complications in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver and can result in negative clinical impact; b) low-glycemic index and high-fiber diets, including specialty products for nutritional support, may provide metabolic and clinical benefits in individuals with obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes; c) in acute conditions such as surgery and critical illness, insulin resistance and elevated circulating glucose levels have a negative impact on patient outcomes and should be prevented through nutritional and/or pharmacological intervention. In such acute settings, efforts should be implemented towards defining optimal plasma glucose targets, avoiding excessive plasma glucose variability, and optimizing glucose control relative to nutritional support.
- Published
- 2016
27. Polysaccharide utilization loci and nutritional specialization in a dominant group of butyrate-producing human colonic Firmicutes
- Author
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Karen P. Scott, Trevor D. Lawley, Jennifer C. Martin, Paul O. Sheridan, Hugh M. B. Harris, Paul W. O'Toole, Sylvia H. Duncan, Hilary P. Browne, Harry J. Flint, Annick Bernalier-Donadille, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute [Cambridge], Department of Microbiology & Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork (UCC), Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDIS), and INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Colon ,Firmicutes ,030106 microbiology ,lachnospiraceae ,microbiote digestif ,comparative genomics ,Gut flora ,Genome ,roseburia ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bacterial Proteins ,Species Specificity ,Polysaccharides ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,Humans ,2. Zero hunger ,Comparative genomics ,biology ,gut microbiota ,génomique comparative ,Microbiology and Parasitology ,Lachnospiraceae ,Bacteroidetes ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiologie et Parasitologie ,Enzymes ,glucide ,Butyrates ,030104 developmental biology ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,carbohydrate ,obligate anaerobe ,Bacteroides ,Roseburia ,Systems Microbiology: Genome annotation, metabolic reconstructions ,Genome, Bacterial ,Research Paper - Abstract
Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the predominant bacterial phyla colonizing the healthy human large intestine. Whilst both ferment dietary fibre, genes responsible for this important activity have been analysed only in the Bacteroidetes , with very little known about the Firmicutes . This work investigates the carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in a group of Firmicutes , Roseburia spp. and Eubacterium rectale , which play an important role in producing butyrate fr om dietary carbohydrates and in health maintenance. Genome sequences of 11 strains representing E. rectale and four Roseburia spp. were analysed for carbohydrate-active genes. Following assembly into a pan-genome, core, variable and uniqu e genes were identified. The 1840 CAZyme genes identified in the pan-genome were assigned to 538 orthologous groups, of which only 26 were present in all strains, indicating considerable inter- strain variability. This analysis was used to categorize the 11 strains into four carbohydrate utilization ecotypes (CUEs), which were shown to correspond to utilization of diffe rent carbohydrates for growth. Many glycoside hydrolase genes were found linked to genes encoding oligosaccharide transporters and regulatory elements in the genomes of Roseburia spp. and E. rectale ,forming distinct polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). Whilst PULs are also a common feature in Bacteroidetes , key differences were noted in these Firmicutes , including the absence of close homologues of Bacteroides polysaccharide utilization genes, hence we refer to Gram-positive PULs (gpPULs). Most CAZyme genes in the Roseburia / E. rectale group are organized into gpPULs. Variation in gpPULs can explain the high degree of nutritional specialization at the species level within this group.
- Published
- 2016
28. Les villes d'Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre sont-elles si dépendantes des importations alimentaires ?
- Author
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Bricas, Nicolas, Tchamda, Claude, Martin, Pauline, Bricas, Nicolas, Tchamda, Claude, and Martin, Pauline
- Abstract
Les flambées des prix alimentaires depuis 2007 ont relancé les discussions sur la dépendance alimentaire des pays les plus vulnérables, et en particulier de leurs villes. Peu d'études récentes confirment la stimulation de la production alimentaire par l'urbanisation que nombre d'auteurs avaient annoncé durant les années 1990. Cette étude vise donc à identifier les principales structures de la consommation alimentaire urbaine sur la base de 36 enquêtes nationales de consommation réalisées auprès des ménages dans 15 pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest et centrale. Les résultats de ces enquêtes montrent que le riz et le blé importés dominent largement la ration amylacée des citadins. Les produits amylacés locaux (maïs, manioc, sorgho et, dans une moindre mesure, igname et plantain) ne sont cependant pas marginalisés partout. Ils gardent une place importante dans la consommation alimentaire de certaines villes de la région. Cela dit, les produits amylacés ne représentent qu'environ le tiers de la valeur des dépenses alimentaires des urbains. Un second tiers environ est constitué des produits animaux et le dernier tiers des produits de sauce (légumes, légumineuses, huiles, sucres et condiments), des fruits et des boissons. Au sein de ces deux derniers tiers de la consommation, les produits locaux dominent largement. Sans sous-estimer la dépendance alimentaire des villes, un tel constat révèle la capacité des marchés urbains à entraîner le développement des filières alimentaires locales. De plus, les enjeux nutritionnels ont changé. Les apports caloriques sont de moins en moins des facteurs limitants, laissant place à un double fardeau nutritionnel : une surconsommation calorique combinée à des carences en micronutriments. Ce constat milite pour que les questions alimentaires ne portent pas seulement sur les céréales mais qu'elles englobent l'ensemble des produits alimentaires et notamment ceux qui contribuent à la diversification de la ration.
- Published
- 2016
29. Origines alimentaires et digestion des nutriments chez le veau préruminant
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E. Labussière, F. Gautier, Institut de l'élevage (IDELE), Systèmes d'élevage, nutrition animale et humaine (SENAH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
- Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,bovin ,food.ingredient ,digestibilité ,Chemistry ,veau ,Liquid milk ,Wheat gluten ,ruminant ,Agricultural sciences ,glucide ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,protéine ,Skimmed milk ,nutrition animale ,Food science ,Animal nutrition ,Lactose ,Soy protein ,Sciences agricoles ,lipide - Abstract
L’essentiel des nutriments nécessaires pour couvrir les besoins nutritionnels du veau préruminant est apporté par l’aliment d’allaitement formulé à base de diverses matières premières d’origine animale ou végétale. La connaissance de leur digestibilité est primordiale pour rationnaliser leur emploi. Cette synthèse fait le point sur les différentes sources de protéines, de matières grasses et de glucides utilisées dans les aliments d’allaitements des veaux de boucherie. A partir de la description des processus digestifs pour les protéines, les lipides et les glucides dans le cas particulier du veau de boucherie, cette synthèse bibliographique montre que les matières premières d’origine laitière (poudre de lait écrémé, poudre de lactosérum, lactose) sont en général très bien digérées par le veau préruminant avec des coefficients d’utilisation digestive apparente supérieurs à 90% pour tous les nutriments. L’utilisation digestive d’autres matières premières, comme les concentrats de soja, les concentrés protéiques de pomme de terre ou le gluten de blé est plus variable, dépendant largement des traitements technologiques qui sont appliqués. Cependant, les valeurs de digestibilités sont élevées et indiquent que les matières premières d’origine végétale sont des alternatives intéressantes en substitution aux produits laitiers, surtout au-delà du premier mois de vie de l’animal., Milk-fed veal calves are mainly reared using liquid milk replacer, which is formulated from feedstuffs of animal and vegetable origins. The knowledge of their digestibility by the calf is necessary to optimize their use in animal nutrition. This literature review describes the different sources of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates used in liquid milk replacers and the mechanisms involved in the digestion of dietary proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. The digestibility coefficients for proteins, lipids and carbohydrates of feedstuffs of dairy origin (skim milk powder, whey powder and lactose) are higher than 90%. Nevertheless, the digestibility coefficients of vegetable feedstuffs (soy protein concentrate, potato protein concentrate and wheat gluten) are more variable and depend on the technological treatments they undergo. Nevertheless, these digestibility coefficients are high, which implies that the use of these vegetable feedstuffs is a good alternative to dairy feedstuffs when animals are older than one month.
- Published
- 2011
30. Correlated responses of root growth and sugar concentrations to various defoliation treatments and rhythmic shoot growth in oak tree seedlings (Quercus pubescens)
- Author
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Magali Willaume, Loïc Pagès, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Conseil Régional Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, and Pagès, Loic
- Subjects
croissance rythmique ,0106 biological sciences ,Starch ,Plant Science ,Root system ,Quercus pubescens ,régime de defoliation ,Plant Roots ,01 natural sciences ,Trees ,Quercus ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Growth rate ,APEX ,DEFOLIATION ,amidon ,food and beverages ,[SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics ,Botanique ,Shoot ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,STARCH ,Plant Shoots ,Botanics ,Meristem ,Biology ,Models, Biological ,010603 evolutionary biology ,QUERCUS PUBESCENS ,CARBOHYDRATE ,Botany ,Sugar ,Hexoses ,HEXOSE ,ROOT GROWTH ,ORGAN REMOVAL ,RHYTHMIC GROWTH ,Original Articles ,15. Life on land ,Carbohydrate ,biology.organism_classification ,croissance ,glucide ,Plant Leaves ,croissance racinaire ,Solubility ,chemistry ,Seedlings ,croissance des arbres ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
International audience; Background and Aims To understand whether root responses to aerial rhythmic growth and contrasted defoliation treatments can be interpreted under the common frame of carbohydrate availability; root growth was studied in parallel with carbohydrate concentrations in different parts of the root system on oak tree seedlings. Methods Quercus pubescens seedlings were submitted to selective defoliation (removal of mature leaves, cotyledons or young developing leaves) at appearance of the second flush and collected 1, 5 or 10 d later for morphological and biochemical measurements. Soluble sugar and starch concentrations were measured in cotyledons and apical and basal root parts. Key Results Soluble sugar concentration in the root apices diminished during the expansion of the second aerial flush and increased after the end of aerial growth in control seedlings. Starch concentration in cotyledons regularly decreased. Continuous removal of young leaves did not alter either root growth or apical sugar concentration. Starch storage in basal root segments was increased. After removal of mature leaves (and cotyledons), root growth strongly decreased. Soluble sugar concentration in the root apices drastically decreased and starch reserves in the root basal segments were emptied 5 d after defoliation, illustrating a considerable shortage in carbohydrates. Soluble sugar concentrations recovered 10 d after defoliation, after the end of aerial growth, suggesting a recirculation of sugar. No supplementary recourse to starch in cotyledons was observed. Conclusions The parallel between apical sugar concentration and root growth patterns, and the correlations between hexose concentration in root apices and their growth rate, support the hypothesis that the response of root growth to aerial periodic growth and defoliation treatments is largely controlled by carbohydrate availability.
- Published
- 2011
31. Carbohydrate storage in wood and bark of rubber trees submitted to different level of C demand induced by latex tapping
- Author
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Philippe Thaler, Pisamai Chantuma, Anne Clément, André Lacointe, Poonpipope Kasemsap, Thierry Ameglio, Sornprach Thanisawanyangkura, Eric Gohet, Agnès Guilliot, Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 34 Système de pérennes), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Adaptation agroécologique et innovation variétale (Cirad-Bios-UPR 104 AIVA), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Fonctionnement et pilotage des écosystèmes de plantations (Cirad-Persyst-UPR 80 Ecosystèmes de plantations), Performance des systèmes de culture des plantes pérennes (UPR Système de pérennes), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Adaptation agroécologique et innovation variétale (UPR AIVA), Fonctionnement et pilotage des écosystèmes de plantations (UPR Ecosystèmes de plantations), and Kasetsart University (KU)
- Subjects
Récolte ,0106 biological sciences ,Latex ,Physiology ,Starch ,Stockage ,F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement ,Plant Science ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,F01 - Culture des plantes ,biology ,Wood ,Physiologie végétale ,Hevea brasiliensis ,Variation saisonnière ,Horticulture ,Rendement des cultures ,RESERVES ,visual_art ,Plant Bark ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,GROWTH ,STARCH ,Carbohydrate storage ,Tapping ,Seasons ,Amidon ,SUGAR ,Carbohydrate metabolism ,Photosynthesis ,complex mixtures ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Bois ,Natural rubber ,Botany ,Glucide ,Sugar ,SEASONAL DYNAMICS ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Carbon ,K10 - Production forestière ,Organe de réserve ,Solubility ,chemistry ,Écorce ,Hevea ,LATEX YIELD ,RESOURCE PARTITION ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
When the current level of carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis is not enough to meet the C demand for maintenance, growth or metabolism, trees use stored carbohydrates. In rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.), however, a previous study (Silpi U., A. Lacointe, P. Kasemsap, S. Thanisawanyangkura, P. Chantuma, E. Gohet, N. Musigamart, A. Clement, T. Ameglio and P. Thaler. 2007. Carbohydrate reserves as a competing sink: evidence from tapping the rubber tree. Tree Physiol. 27: 881-889) showed that the additional sink created by latex tapping results not in a decrease, but in an increase in the non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) storage in trunk wood. In this study, the response of NSC storage to latex tapping was further investigated to better understand the trade-off between latex regeneration, biomass and storage. Three tapping systems were compared to the untapped Control for 2 years. Soluble sugars and starch were analyzed in bark and wood on both sides of the trunk, from 50 to 200 cm from the ground. The results confirmed over the 2 years that tapped trees stored more NSC, mainly starch, than untapped Control. Moreover, a double cut alternative tapping system, which produced a higher latex yield than conventional systems, led to even higher NSC concentrations. In all tapped trees, the increase in storage occurred together with a reduction in trunk radial growth. This was interpreted as a shift in carbon allocation toward the creation of reserves, at the expense of growth, to cover the increased risk induced by tapping (repeated wounding and loss of C in latex). Starch was lower in bark than in wood, whereas it was the contrary for soluble sugars. The resulting NSC was twice as low and less variable in bark than in wood. Although latex regeneration occurs in the bark, changes related to latex tapping were more marked in wood than in bark. From seasonal dynamics and differences between the two sides of the trunk in response to tapping, we concluded that starch in wood behaved as the long-term reserve compartment at the whole trunk level, whereas starch in bark was a local buffer. Soluble sugars behaved like an intermediate, ready-to-use compartment in both wood and bark. Finally, the dynamics of carbohydrate reserves appears a relevant parameter to assess the long-term performance of latex tapping systems.
- Published
- 2009
32. STARCH LOCALISATION IN MANGO TREE: HISTOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
- Author
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J. L. Verdeil, F. Normand, I. Mialet-Serra, S. Lagier, and J. Escoutes
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Vegetative reproduction ,Starch ,F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement ,Taproot ,Plant anatomy ,Horticulture ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Botany ,Glucide ,Xylème ,fungi ,Mangifera indica ,food and beverages ,Xylem ,Starch analysis ,chemistry ,Anatomie végétale ,Phloème ,Phloem ,Amidon ,Woody plant - Abstract
Poor flowering and alternate bearing are major problems of mango which are commonly related to low carbohydrates level. Extensive work has been done on starch storage within the main components of the tree, roots, wood and leaves, and on relationships between starch and flowering. But study on starch location at a fine scale within the tree is lacking, as well as histological description of the storage organs and localisation of starch in the different tissues. Seventeen vegetative organs were sampled in a whole mango tree during the vegetative growth season. They were prepared for histological observation and starch grains dying. The main tissues found in roots, stem, branches and leaves of woody plants were present in mango. Leaf anatomy was characteristic of a plant adapted to semi-arid environment. On the basis of starch grains size and number, starch was mainly located in branches, coarse roots and taproot, and to a lesser extend, at least during the sampling season, in the stem and scaffolding branches. Leaves contained few starch grains. Starch was not distributed homogeneously within each organ: it was located in xylem parenchyma, and was absent from periderm. These results lead to sampling recommendation for starch analysis in woody organs. (Resume d'auteur)
- Published
- 2009
33. Evaluation of taste sensor with lipid/polymer membranes and some kinds of sweet taste sensors
- Subjects
glucide ,optical absorption ,taste sensor ,admittance ,lipid/polymer membranes - Published
- 2007
34. Etude de la régulation épigénétique de la néoglucogénèse hépatique chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Author
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Zion, Marie and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
- Subjects
glucide ,oncorhynchus mykiss ,immunoprécipitation de chromatine (chip) ,épigénétique ,[SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,alimentation animale ,chromatine immunoprécipitation ,néoglucogenèse ,régulation epigénétique ,néogluconéogénèse ,animal feeding ,rainbow trout ,truite arc en ciel - Abstract
Etude de la régulation épigénétique de la néoglucogénèse hépatique chez la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- Published
- 2015
35. Ice nucleation by water-soluble macromolecules
- Author
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Budke, C., Augustin-Bauditz, S., Niedermeier, D., Felgitsch, L., Kampf, C. J., Huber, R. G., Liedl, K. R., Loerting, T., Moschen, T., Schauperl, M., Tollinger, M., Morris, Cindy E., Wex, H., Grothe, H., Poeschl, U., Koop, T., Froehlich-Nowoisky, J., and Pummer, B. G.
- Subjects
Biodiversity and Ecology ,glucide ,champignon glacogène ,modèle atmosphérique ,noyau glacogene ,protéine ,Biodiversité et Ecologie ,pollen ,macromolécule ,pouvoir glacogène ,bactérie glacogène ,lipide ,glaciation des nuages - Abstract
Cloud glaciation is critically important for the global radiation budget (albedo) and for initiation of precipitation. But the freezing of pure water droplets requires cooling to temperatures as low as 235 K. Freezing at higher temperatures requires the presence of an ice nucleator, which serves as a template for arranging water molecules in an ice-like manner. It is often assumed that these ice nucleators have to be insoluble particles. We point out that also free macromolecules which are dissolved in water can efficiently induce ice nucleation: the size of such ice nucleating macromolecules (INMs) is in the range of nanometers, corresponding to the size of the critical ice embryo. As the latter is temperature-dependent, we see a correlation between the size of INMs and the ice nucleation temperature as predicted by classical nucleation theory. Different types of INMs have been found in a wide range of biological species and comprise a variety of chemical structures including proteins, saccharides, and lipids. Our investigation of the fungal species Acremonium implicatum, Isaria farinosa, and Mortierella alpina shows that their ice nucleation activity is caused by proteinaceous water-soluble INMs. We combine these new results and literature data on INMs from fungi, bacteria, and pollen with theoretical calculations to develop a chemical in-terpretation of ice nucleation and water-soluble INMs. This has atmospheric implications since many of these INMs can be released by fragmentation of the carrier cell and subsequently may be distributed independently. Up to now, this process has not been accounted for in atmospheric models.
- Published
- 2015
36. Carbon isotope composition of latex does not reflect temporal variations of photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis)
- Author
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Philippe Thaler, Nicha Kanpanon, Poonpipope Kasemsap, Daniel Epron, Régis Lacote, Boonthida Kositsup, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Kasetsart University, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), and Chulalongkorn University [Bangkok]
- Subjects
Récolte ,Time Factors ,Latex ,Physiology ,Rain ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Plant Science ,F01 - Culture des plantes ,Dry season ,Photosynthesis ,Photosynthèse ,Carbon Isotopes ,biology ,δ13C ,seasonality ,tapping ,Hevea brasiliensis ,Variation saisonnière ,Isotopes of carbon ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Bark ,Seasons ,Carbone ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,latex regeneration ,storage ,Natural rubber ,Botany ,Glucide ,isotope ,Q60 - Traitement des produits agricoles non alimentaires ,Caoutchouc ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Carbon ,Plant Leaves ,Hevea - Abstract
Latex, the cytoplasm of laticiferous cells localized in the inner bark of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.), is collected by tapping the bark. Following tapping, latex flows out of the trunk and is regenerated, whereas in untapped trees, there is no natural exudation. It is still unknown whether the carbohydrates used for latex regeneration in tapped trees is coming from recent photosynthates or from stored carbohydrates, and in the former case, it is expected that latex carbon isotope composition of tapped trees will vary seasonally, whereas latex isotope composition of untapped trees will be more stable. Temporal variations of carbon isotope composition of trunk latex (δ(13)C-L), leaf soluble compounds (δ(13)C-S) and bulk leaf material (δ(13)C-B) collected from tapped and untapped 20-year-old trees were compared. A marked difference in δ(13)C-L was observed between tapped and untapped trees whatever the season. Trunk latex from tapped trees was more depleted (1.6‰ on average) with more variable δ(13)C values than those of untapped trees. δ(13)C-L was higher and more stable across seasons than δ(13)C-S and δ(13)C-B, with a maximum seasonal difference of 0.7‰ for tapped trees and 0.3‰ for untapped trees. δ(13)C-B was lower in tapped than in untapped trees, increasing from August (middle of the rainy season) to April (end of the dry season). Differences in δ(13)C-L and δ(13)C-B between tapped and untapped trees indicated that tapping affects the metabolism of both laticiferous cells and leaves. The lack of correlation between δ(13)C-L and δ(13)C-S suggests that recent photosynthates are mixed in the large pool of stored carbohydrates that are involved in latex regeneration after tapping.
- Published
- 2015
37. Utilisation de micro-doses de sucres en protection des plantes
- Author
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Bardin, Marc, Ondet, S, Furet, Arnaud, Chovelon, Marc, Kasprick, A.-C., Marchand, P., Clerc, Henri, Davy, Maxime, Roy, G., Romet, L., Auger, J., Mançois, A., Derridj, Sylvie, and Arnault, Ingrid
- Subjects
application foliaire ,condition contrôlée ,lutte biologique ,défense aux maladies ,sucres ,expérimentation au champ et en conditions contrôlées ,molécules "priming" ,vigne ,pommier ,codling moth ,copper ,mildew ,foliar applications ,orchards ,vineyards ,priming molecules ,bioessays ,field trials ,sugars ,sweet immunity ,verger ,Agricultural sciences ,fructose ,glucide ,résistance des plantes aux agents pathogènes ,saccharose ,expérimentation au champ ,carpocapse de la pomme ,pathologie végétale ,essai au vignoble ,Sciences agricoles - Abstract
Les sucres des plantes (glucose, fructose, saccharose, raffinose …) jouent un rôle fondamental dans la résistance de la plante à différents stress. On parle d’un nouveau concept de Sweet Immunity ou défense liée aux sucres. Le projet USAGE (2012-2014, ONEMA) a proposé de tester des applications foliaires d’infra-doses de sucres sur les plantes pour renforcer et accélérer le processus de Sweet Immunity sur différents couples de plante-bioagresseur. Le projet a regroupé 43 séries d’essais (6 en arboriculture, 12 en viticulture, 25 maraichage) dont 38 en conditions de productions. L’objectif générique était d’associer des sucres avec des doses réduites d’intrants tout en conservant la qualité de production agronomique. Les résultats, malgré les aléas d’expérimentations, ont permis d’observer un intérêt des applications de solutions de saccharose et de fructose pour le contrôle de différents bioagresseurs, lors de pressions parasitaires faibles à modérées et sur des cultures pérennes (vigne, arboriculture). Ainsi, les dégâts de carpocapse ont été réduits de 55% en arboriculture biologique avec le saccharose et le fructose. Dans les vignobles biologiques, les solutions de fructose ont permis de réduire les doses de cuivre contre le mildiou. Les résultats ont contribué à l’approbation du saccharose en substance de base (règlement d’exécution UE n° 916/2014 de la commission du 24 aout 2014)., Increasing interest is devoted to relationships between sugars (glucose, sucrose, fructose, raffinose…) and resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses, resulting in the concept of “sweet immunity” or “sugar–enhanced defense”. The objective of the project USAGE (2012-2014) was to test the effect of spraying low doses of sugars on plants to control various bioagressors.The project brought together 43 trials (6 in orchards, 12 in vineyards, 25 with various vegetable crops) including 38 in field conditions. An additional objective was to evaluate the possibility to combine foliar application of sugars with reduced doses of pesticides while maintaining the quality of agricultural production. Some potential of sucrose and fructose was observed for the control of various parasites, at low to moderate pest pressures and I. Arnault et al. 2 Innovations Agronomiques 46 (2015), 1-10 on perennial crops (vineyards, arboriculture). Thus, the codling moth damage was reduced by 55% in organic orchards with both sucrose and fructose. Fructose sprays have reduced the amount of copperbased treatments used to control downy mildew in organic vineyards. The results contributed to the approval of sucrose as a basic substance (EU Regulations No. 916/2014 of the Committee on 24 August 2014).
- Published
- 2015
38. Comparative study of the protein profiles of Sunki mandarin and Rangpur lime plants in response to water deficit
- Author
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Oliveira, Tahise M., Da Silva, Fernanda R., Bonatto, Diego, Neves, Diana Matos, Morillon, Raphaël, Maserti, Bianca Elena, Coelho Filho, Mauricio Antonio, Costa, Marcio Gilberto Cardoso, Pirovani, Carlos Priminho, Gesteira, Abelmon S., Oliveira, Tahise M., Da Silva, Fernanda R., Bonatto, Diego, Neves, Diana Matos, Morillon, Raphaël, Maserti, Bianca Elena, Coelho Filho, Mauricio Antonio, Costa, Marcio Gilberto Cardoso, Pirovani, Carlos Priminho, and Gesteira, Abelmon S.
- Abstract
Background Rootstocks play a major role in the tolerance of citrus plants to water deficit by controlling and adjusting the water supply to meet the transpiration demand of the shoots. Alterations in protein abundance in citrus roots are crucial for plant adaptation to water deficit. We performed two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) separation followed by LC/MS/MS to assess the proteome responses of the roots of two citrus rootstocks, Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) and 'Sunki Maravilha' (Citrus sunki) mandarin, which show contrasting tolerances to water deficits at the physiological and molecular levels. Results Changes in the abundance of 36 and 38 proteins in Rangpur lime and 'Sunki Maravilha' mandarin, respectively, were observed via LC/MS/MS in response to water deficit. Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) of the data revealed major changes in the protein profile of 'Sunki Maravilha' in response to water deficit. Additionally, proteomics and systems biology analyses allowed for the general elucidation of the major mechanisms associated with the differential responses to water deficit of both varieties. The defense mechanisms of Rangpur lime included changes in the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids as well as in the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and in the levels of proteins involved in water stress defense. In contrast, the adaptation of 'Sunki Maravilha' to stress was aided by the activation of DNA repair and processing proteins. Conclusions Our study reveals that the levels of a number of proteins involved in various cellular pathways are affected during water deficit in the roots of citrus plants. The results show that acclimatization to water deficit involves specific responses in Rangpur lime and 'Sunki Maravilha' mandarin. This study provides insights into the effects of drought on the abundance of proteins in the roots of two varieties of citrus rootstocks. In addition, this work allows for a bett
- Published
- 2015
39. Inhibitory effect of flowering and early fruit growth on leaf photosynthesis in mango
- Author
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Ping Lu, R. Thibaud, and Laurent Urban
- Subjects
Chlorophyll ,Fructification ,Mangue ,Photosystem II ,Physiology ,F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement ,Plant Science ,Trees ,Photosynthesis ,Photosynthèse ,Chlorophyll fluorescence ,Feuille ,food and beverages ,Inflorescence ,Shoot ,Photosystème ,Stomatal conductance ,Nitrogen ,Azote ,Biochimie ,Flowers ,Teneur en azote ,Biology ,Models, Biological ,Fluorescence ,Stomate ,Botany ,Glucide ,Chlorophylle ,Croissance ,Panicle ,Mangifera ,fungi ,Mangifera indica ,Plant Leaves ,Fruit - Abstract
Carbohydrate and nitrogen contents, chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange were measured in leaves from both vegetative and reproductive terminal shoots of 12-year-old flowering mango trees. Reproductive shoot leaves were close to swelling floral buds, inflorescences or panicles bearing set fruits. Leaves close to inflorescences had lower rates of mitochondrial respiration (Rd) and net photosynthesis (Anet), and lower stomatal conductance (gs) and quantum efficiency of photosystem II under actinic light than vegetative shoot leaves. Leaf nitrogen concentration, which decreased from the beginmug until the end of flowering, was lower in leaves close to inflorescences than in vegetative shoot leaves. However, these differences and changes were counterbalanced by an increase in leaf mass-to-area ratio so that leaf nitrogen per unit leaf area (Na) remained nearly constant during the whole flowering period, except in leaves close to panicles bearing set fruits. Net CO2 assimilation rate simulated by a biochemical model of leaf photosynthesis (Urban et at. 2003) was much higher than Anet measured at an ambient CO2 partial pressure (Ca) of either 36 or 70 Pa. The overestimation of Anet was more pronounced in leaves close to inflorescences, to panicles bearing set fruits and to reversing inflorescences (characterized by the appearance of leaves in terminal positions on inflorescences) than in vegetative shoot leaves. It is concluded that low Anet in leaves close to inflorescences was probably due neither to changes in Na nor to a decrease in Rubisco activity induced by low gs, but rather to a decrease in electron flow in photosystem II. This decrease was not directly associated with higher starch or soluble sugar contents. (Resume d'auteur)
- Published
- 2004
40. A MODEL OF LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS FOR MANGO CV. LIRFA
- Author
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Xavier Le Roux, Hervé Sinoquet, Sylvie Jaffuel, Laurent Urban, Magalie Jannoyer, Département Productions fruitières et horticoles (FLHOR), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l'Arbre Fruitier et Forestier (PIAF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and ProdInra, Archive Ouverte
- Subjects
Mangue ,Fructification ,Ecophysiology ,Modèle ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement ,MANGIFERA INDICA ,Teneur en azote ,Horticulture ,Biology ,Photosynthesis ,Floraison ,Glucide ,Anacardiaceae ,Cultivar ,Photosynthèse ,RADIATION TRANSFER MODEL ,Radiation ,Feuille ,Modèle de simulation ,CARBON STATUS ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,LEAF IRRADIANCE ,Photosynthetic capacity ,LEAF NITROGEN ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Photobiology ,Fruit tree - Abstract
The carbon status plays a key-role in flowering and fruiting of mango trees while influxes of carbohydrates seem to influence fruit size and taste. A model of carbon gain, losses and repartition between branch parts for mango is proposed. Photosynthesis represents the starting point of the modelling approach. The first step consisted of using 3D digitising to establish the relationship between the amount of leaf nitrogen per unit leaf area, N a and the gap fraction. The second step established the relationship between N a and the parameters of photosynthetic capacity derived from response curves of net photosynthesis to the intercellular CO 2 concentration (A-C i curves). Results are presented about this model. Its capacity for simulating leaf photosynthesis is also discussed.
- Published
- 2004
41. Nutritional regulation of hepatic glucose metabolism in fish: example of a poor user of dietary carbohydrates, the rainbow trout
- Author
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S. Panserat, S.-J. Kaushik, Station d'hydrobiologie, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
salmonidae ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,oncorhynchus mykiss ,endocrine system ,régulation du metabolisme des glucides ,ALIMENTATION DES POISSONS ,Agricultural sciences ,régulation nutritionnelle ,glucide ,poisson ,METABOLISME DES GLUCIDES ,nutrition animale ,Sciences agricoles ,truite arc en ciel - Abstract
En alimentation des poissons, le potentiel d’utilisation des glucides comme source d’énergie digestible est quelque peu controversé. Par exemple, la truite arc-en-ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss), l’espèce la plus élevée en France, est considérée mauvaise utilisatrice des glucides, avec une hyperglycémie postprandiale prolongée et une baisse de croissance suite à un apport élevé en glucides (supérieur à 25-30 %). Afin d’améliorer l’utilisation des glucides alimentaires, une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de contrôle nutritionnel du métabolisme du glucose s’est donc avéré nécessaire. Ainsi, en présence de glucides alimentaires, des études ont montré que la truite arc-en-ciel semble avoir des difficultés pour diminuer sa production endogène de glucose dans le foie et pour utiliser le glucose comme source énergétique au niveau musculaire. De plus, la truite présente des particularités dans le contrôle hormonal de l’homéostasie glucidique (somatostatines, glucagon-like peptide) qui jouent probablement aussi un rôle important., Dietary carbohydrates are potential sources of digestible energy. However, fish such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) use dietary carbohydrates rather poorly: there is prolonged postprandial hyperglycemia. after feeding carbohydrates as wen as decrease in growth when dietary carbohydrate levels are above 25-30%. Of late, there is a regain of interest to understand the nutritional control of glucose homeostasis and utilisation in fish. Recent results show that in rainbow trout, while hepatic glucose phosphorylation is rather closely controlled by dietary carbohydrate supply, that of hepatic glucose production is not. Besides, efficiency of glucose utilisation as an energy source by muscle appears limited in fish. Further, the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis shows some specificities (somatostatines, glucagon-like peptide) which made fish distinct from mammals.
- Published
- 2002
42. Comparative study of the protein profiles of Sunki mandarin and Rangpur lime plants in response to water deficit
- Author
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Tahise M. Oliveira, Diego Bonatto, Abelmon da Silva Gesteira, Marcio Gilberto Cardoso Costa, Carlos Priminho Pirovani, Fernanda Rabaioli da Silva, Diana Matos Neves, Bianca Elena Maserti, Maurício Antônio Coelho Filho, and Raphaël Morillon
- Subjects
Proteomics ,Citrus ,Tolérance à la sécheresse ,Rangpur lime ,Mass-spectrometry ,Arabidopsis ,Déficit hydrique du sol ,Plant Science ,Gene ,Water deficit ,F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes ,Protein Interaction Mapping ,Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ,Protein Interaction Maps ,Adaptation physiologique ,Porte greffe ,Citrus rootstock ,Transpiration ,Plant Proteins ,Principal Component Analysis ,Dehydration ,Teneur en protéines ,Mécanisme de défense cellulaire ,food and beverages ,Oxides ,Protéine ,Abscisic-acid ,Droughts ,Horticulture ,Shoot ,Rootstock ,Research Article ,Drought stress ,Interaction networks ,Stress dû à la sécheresse ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,Proteomic analysis ,Biology ,Métabolisme ,Protein network ,Botany ,Glucide ,Variété ,Arabidopsis Proteins ,Calcium Compounds ,Abiotic stress ,Oxidative stress ,Sunki mandarin ,H50 - Troubles divers des plantes ,Protein abundance ,Tolerance ,Racine - Abstract
Background Rootstocks play a major role in the tolerance of citrus plants to water deficit by controlling and adjusting the water supply to meet the transpiration demand of the shoots. Alterations in protein abundance in citrus roots are crucial for plant adaptation to water deficit. We performed two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) separation followed by LC/MS/MS to assess the proteome responses of the roots of two citrus rootstocks, Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) and ‘Sunki Maravilha’ (Citrus sunki) mandarin, which show contrasting tolerances to water deficits at the physiological and molecular levels. Results Changes in the abundance of 36 and 38 proteins in Rangpur lime and ‘Sunki Maravilha’ mandarin, respectively, were observed via LC/MS/MS in response to water deficit. Multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) of the data revealed major changes in the protein profile of ‘Sunki Maravilha’ in response to water deficit. Additionally, proteomics and systems biology analyses allowed for the general elucidation of the major mechanisms associated with the differential responses to water deficit of both varieties. The defense mechanisms of Rangpur lime included changes in the metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids as well as in the activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and in the levels of proteins involved in water stress defense. In contrast, the adaptation of ‘Sunki Maravilha’ to stress was aided by the activation of DNA repair and processing proteins. Conclusions Our study reveals that the levels of a number of proteins involved in various cellular pathways are affected during water deficit in the roots of citrus plants. The results show that acclimatization to water deficit involves specific responses in Rangpur lime and ‘Sunki Maravilha’ mandarin. This study provides insights into the effects of drought on the abundance of proteins in the roots of two varieties of citrus rootstocks. In addition, this work allows for a better understanding of the molecular basis of the response to water deficit in citrus. Further analysis is needed to elucidate the behaviors of the key target proteins involved in this response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-015-0416-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2014
43. Carbohydrates in plant immunity and plant protection: roles and potential application as foliar sprays
- Author
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Marielle Adrian, Maud Combier, Benoît Poinssot, Adrien Gauthier, Christelle Guillier, Marie-Claire Héloir, Sophie Trouvelot, Franck Paris, Xavier Daire, Lucie Trdá, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Plante - microbe - environnement : biochimie, biologie cellulaire et écologie (PMEBBCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Santé de la vigne et qualité du vin (SVQV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
carbohydrates ,oligosaccharides ,sugars ,immunity ,plant defense ,signaling ,elicitor ,phyllosphere microflora ,Plant Immunity ,protection des vegetaux ,Plant Science ,Review Article ,lcsh:Plant culture ,Biology ,Botany ,Plant defense against herbivory ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,Mode of action ,MAMP ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,business.industry ,Environmental and Society ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Crop protection ,Biotechnology ,Elicitor ,[SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy ,glucide ,immunité protectrice ,Plant cuticle ,plante ,Environnement et Société ,business ,Phyllosphere - Abstract
International audience; Increasing interest is devoted to carbohydrates for their roles in plant immunity. Some of them are elicitors of plant defenses whereas other ones act as signaling molecules in a manner similar to phytohormones. This review first describes the main classes of carbohydrates associated to plant immunity, their role and mode of action. More precisely, the state of the art about perception of "PAMP, MAMP, and DAMP (Pathogen-, Microbe-, Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns) type" oligosaccharides is presented and examples of induced defense events are provided. A particular attention is paid to the structure/activity relationships of these compounds. The role of sugars as signaling molecules, especially in plant microbe interactions, is also presented. Secondly, the potentialities and limits of foliar sprays of carbohydrates to stimulate plant immunity for crop protection against diseases are discussed, with focus on the roles of the leaf cuticle and phyllosphere microflora.
- Published
- 2014
44. Food intake and energy expenditure are increased in high-fat-sensitive but not in high-carbohydrate-sensitive obesity-prone rats
- Author
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Julien Piedcoq, Daniel Tomé, Catherine Chaumontet, Patrick C. Even, Gilles Fromentin, Nachiket A. Nadkarni, Dalila Azzout-Marniche, Even, Patrick, Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire (PNCA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
Male ,Food intake ,High carbohydrate ,Physiology ,métabolisme des lipides ,Eating ,prédisposition ,Feeding behavior ,calorimétrie indirecte ,blood parameters ,energy balance ,indirect calorimetry ,locomotor activity ,mRNA ,obesity-prone ,animal modèle ,rat ,Chemistry ,métabolisme glucidique ,[SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism ,obésité ,activité motrice ,Energy expenditure ,Obesity prone ,Body Composition ,Endocrinologie et métabolisme ,Locomotion ,medicine.medical_specialty ,métabolisme énergétique ,Médecine humaine et pathologie ,étude comparative ,trouble du métabolisme ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,High fat ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,Animals ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Obesity ,équilibre énergétique ,Rats, Wistar ,Human obesity ,Endocrinology and metabolism ,Body Weight ,Calorimetry, Indirect ,medicine.disease ,Dietary Fats ,Rats ,glucide ,Disease Models, Animal ,Endocrinology ,Human health and pathology ,Energy Metabolism ,[SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology - Abstract
Obesity-prone (OP) rodents are used as models of human obesity predisposition. The goal of the present study was to identify preexisting defects in energy expenditure components in OP rats. Two studies were performed. In the first one, male Wistar rats ( n = 48) were fed a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) for 3 wk and then a high-fat diet (HFD) for the next 3 wk. This study showed that adiposity gain under HCD was 2.9-fold larger in carbohydrate-sensitive (CS) than in carbohydrate-resistant (CR) rats, confirming the concept of “carbohydrate-sensitive” rats. Energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), caloric intake (CI), and locomotor activity measured during HFD identified no differences in EE and RQ between fat-resistant (FR) and fat-sensitive (FS) rats, and indicated that obesity developed in FS rats only as the result of a larger CI not fully compensated by a parallel increase in EE. A specific pattern of spontaneous activity, characterized by reduced activity burst intensity, was identified in FS rats but not in CS ones. This mirrors a previous observation that under HCD, CS but not FS rats, exhibited bursts of activity of reduced intensity. In a second study, rats were fed a HFD for 3 wk, and the components of energy expenditure were examined by indirect calorimetry in 10 FR and 10 FS rats. This study confirmed that a low basal EE, reduced thermic effect of feeding, defective postprandial energy partitioning, or a defective substrate utilization by the working muscle are not involved in the FS phenotype.
- Published
- 2014
45. Déterminants de l’apport en glucides au cours la 1ère année de vie dans la cohorte mère-enfant EDEN
- Author
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Yuan, Wen Lun, Nicklaus, Sophie, Lange, Christine, De Lauzon-Guillain, Blandine, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations ( CESP ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), UMR S 1018, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
- Subjects
glucide ,weaning ,[ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,EDEN cohort ,infancy ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition - Abstract
Introduction et but de l’étude Récemment, des études ont montré le rôle des expositions précoces sur les choix alimentaires de l’enfant. De plus, il a été montré que les habitudes alimentaires établies dans l’enfance persistent à l’âge adulte. Il apparaît donc important d’identifier les leviers d’action pour optimiser la qualité des premières expositions alimentaires dans l’objectif de mettre en place des habitudes alimentaires saines dès le plus jeune âge. Dans ce contexte, notre objectif est d’étudier les déterminants de l’exposition aux glucides dans la première année de vie. Matériel et méthodes Un enregistrement alimentaire sur 3 jours (2 jours en semaine et un jour de weekend) été complété à 8 et 12 mois respectivement par 1 275 et 1 220 mères de la cohorte EDEN (Étude des déterminants pre- et post-natals de la santé de l’enfant) permettant de calculer l’apport journalier en glucides totaux à 8 et 12 mois et en glucides simples à 12 mois. L’apport en glucides a été ajusté sur l’énergie par la méthode des densités nutri-tionnelles (part de l’énergie totale apportée par les glucides, ajustée sur l’énergie totale ingérée). Les déterminants potentiels de l’apport en glucides considérés ont été le sexe de l’enfant, le diabète gesta-tionnel, le statut marital, le revenu du ménage, le niveau d’éducation de la mère, la taille de la fratrie, les profils d’alimentation maternelle pendant la grossesse (obtenus par analyse en composantes principales) et les profils d’alimentation pendant la 1re année de vie (âge de diversification, âge d’introduction des différentes catégories d’aliments, utilisation d’aliments faits «maison», «spécifique bébé » ou « non spécifique »). Les déterminants potentiels ont été analysés à l’aide de régressions linéaires multiples. Résultats et Analyse statistique L’apport en glucides totaux à 8 mois ou en glucides simples à 12 mois est associé négativement au niveau de revenus du ménage. Un apport élevé aux glucides simples à 12 mois est associé avec un niveau d’études maternel élevé et une fratrie comportant plus d’enfants. Aucune association n’a été observée entre l’apport en glucides et le sexe de l’enfant, le statut marital ou le diabète gestationnel. L’apport en glucides totaux à 8 mois est associé positivement à un profil alimentaire « sain » chez la mère. Cependant, cette relation ne persiste pas à 12 mois. Enfin, l’apport en glucides totaux à 8 et 12 mois, et en glucides simples à 12 mois est associé positivement au profil caractérisé par une diversification tardive et l’utilisation d’aliments « spécifique bébé » et négativement au profil caractérisé par un allaitement long, une diversification tardive et l’utilisation d’aliments faits « maison ». Conclusion Nos résultats suggèrent qu’un apport élevé en glucides simples à 12 mois est associé à certaines pratiques de diversification et aux caractéristiques du ménage.
- Published
- 2014
46. The metabolism of carbohydrates in roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) infected with frogskin disease
- Author
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Alvarez, Eduardo, Pardo, J.M., Dufour, Dominique, Moreno, Jhon L., and Alvarez, E.
- Subjects
Manihot esculenta ,F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale ,food and beverages ,Phytoplasme ,F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes ,Métabolisme ,Glucide ,Variété ,H20 - Maladies des plantes ,Racine - Abstract
Cassava roots with symptoms of frogs kin disease (CFSD) characteristically possess longitudinal "lips" and a peel that has a cork-like aspect. Yields, comprising bulked and starchy roots, are low. Previous studies reported that the phytoplasma 16 SrIII-L is associated with CFSD. However, the plant- pathogen interaction and the pathogenic effects on the host are unknown. The study's objective was therefore to di scover the changes occurring in the metabolism of carbohydrates in cassava roots, both in the presence and absence of symptoms. Samples were take n from healthy and diseased roots of two cassava varieties: Vale ncia and Señorita. The diseased roots were selected for different levels of severity of att ack. Parameters were dry matter content and concentrations of organic acids, re ducing sugars, and total sugars, using HPLC liquid chromatography. Malic acid was found to be more highly concentrated in diseased roots, correlating with the amounts of reducing and total sugars, particularly fructose ( R 2 = 95%). Because of the small quantity of stored starch, the percentage of dry matte r in diseased roots is less than that found in healthy roots. That is, in the diseased roots, starch probably converts into fructose and glucose during the Krebs cycle. These findings contribute towards understanding the pathogenic effects of phytoplasma 16 SrIII-L in cassava roots attacked by CFSD. They are also consistent with reports on phytoplasmas attacking other plant species. (Texte intégral)
- Published
- 2014
47. Composition biochimique de mélanges d’espèces fourragères : mise au point d’équations de prédiction SPIR sur la base d’analyses chimiques
- Author
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Tendron, Angélique
- Subjects
solubilité enzymatique ,glucide ,équation de prédiction ,composition biochimique ,fibre ,espèce fourragère ,spectroscopie proche infrarouge ,matière minérale ,Sciences agricoles ,Agricultural sciences ,analyse chimique - Published
- 2014
48. Insights into Exo- and Endoglucanase Activities of Family 6 Glycoside Hydrolases from Podospora anserina
- Author
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Jean-Guy Berrin, Mathieu Bey, Bernard Henrissat, Annick Doan, Senta Heiss-Blanquet, Julia Feliu, Laetitia Poidevin, Eric Record, Pedro M. Coutinho, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French National Research Agency (ANR): E-TRICEL ANR-07-BIOE-006, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Poidevin, Laetitia
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,hydroxyethylcellulose ,dégradation de la biomasse ,arabinane ,[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology ,glucanase ,ph ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Podospora anserina ,xylane ,arabinoxylane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Glycoside hydrolase ,glycoside hydrolase ,galactomannane ,Cloning, Molecular ,DNA, Fungal ,Trichoderma reesei ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Podospora ,Ecology ,biology ,excrément ,Microbiology and Parasitology ,incubation ,Microbiologie et Parasitologie ,Xyloglucan ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,Biochemistry ,xyloglucane ,champignon ascomycete ,substrat ,mannane ,cellulose cristalline ,Biotechnology ,DNA, Complementary ,Glycoside Hydrolases ,Molecular Sequence Data ,herbivore ,Cellulase ,Biotechnologies ,Pichia pastoris ,03 medical and health sciences ,podospora anserina ,010608 biotechnology ,température ,Amino Acid Sequence ,endoglucanase ,Enzymology and Protein Engineering ,coprophilie ,030304 developmental biology ,pectine ,pichia pastoris ,trichoderma reesei ,ascomycète ,carboxyméthylcellulose ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,exoglucanase ,glucide ,enzyme ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,incubation en conditions contrôlees ,Sequence Alignment ,Food Science - Abstract
The ascomycete Podospora anserina is a coprophilous fungus that grows at late stages on droppings of herbivores. Its genome encodes a large diversity of carbohydrate-active enzymes. Among them, four genes encode glycoside hydrolases from family 6 (GH6), the members of which comprise putative endoglucanases and exoglucanases, some of them exerting important functions for biomass degradation in fungi. Therefore, this family was selected for functional analysis. Three of the enzymes, P. anserina Cel6A ( Pa Cel6A), Pa Cel6B, and Pa Cel6C, were functionally expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris . All three GH6 enzymes hydrolyzed crystalline and amorphous cellulose but were inactive on hydroxyethyl cellulose, mannan, galactomannan, xyloglucan, arabinoxylan, arabinan, xylan, and pectin. Pa Cel6A had a catalytic efficiency on cellotetraose comparable to that of Trichoderma reesei Cel6A ( Tr Cel6A), but Pa Cel6B and Pa Cel6C were clearly less efficient. Pa Cel6A was the enzyme with the highest stability at 45�C, while Pa Cel6C was the least stable enzyme, losing more than 50% of its activity after incubation at temperatures above 30�C for 24 h. In contrast to Tr Cel6A, all three studied P. anserina GH6 cellulases were stable over a wide range of pHs and conserved high activity at pH values of up to 9. Each enzyme displayed a distinct substrate and product profile, highlighting different modes of action, with Pa Cel6A being the enzyme most similar to Tr Cel6A. Pa Cel6B was the only enzyme with higher specific activity on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) than on Avicel and showed lower processivity than the others. Structural modeling predicts an open catalytic cleft, suggesting that Pa Cel6B is an endoglucanase.
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- 2013
49. Using plant growth modeling to analyse C source-sink relations under drought: inter and intra specific comparison
- Author
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Delphine Luquet, Maria Camila Rebolledo, Jean-Christophe Soulie, Benoît Pallas, Anne Clément-Vidal, Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Luquet, Delphine, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Graine ,Plant growth ,C source and sink regulation ,huile de palme ,contrainte environnementale ,Stockage ,Ingénierie des aliments ,F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement ,Plant Science ,drought ,Elaeis guineensis ,modèle ,01 natural sciences ,modélisation des plantes ,oil palm ,Sink (geography) ,Water balance ,[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering ,Biomasse ,Original Research Article ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Source–sink dynamics ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Vegetal Biology ,U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques ,croissance des plantes ,non structural carbohydrate ,food and beverages ,Agricultural sciences ,phénotype ,Alimentation et Nutrition ,non-structural carbohydrate ,plant biomass accumulation ,Modèle mathématique ,source and sink regulation ,functional structural plan tmodel ,rice ,Contrôle de croissance ,Oryza sativa ,functional structural plant model ,Biology ,lcsh:Plant culture ,Intraspecific competition ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sécheresse ,Botany ,Palm oil ,Food and Nutrition ,Food engineering ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,lcsh:SB1-1110 ,Glucide ,Croissance ,030304 developmental biology ,geography ,fungi ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Agronomy ,Gène ,stress hydrique ,carbone ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Sciences agricoles ,Biologie végétale ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Publis013-agap-074; The ability to assimilate C and allocate non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) to the most appropriate organs is crucial to maximize plant ecological or agronomic performance. Such C source and sink activities are differentially affected by environmental constraints. Under drought, plant growth is generally more sink than source limited as organ expansion or appearance rate is earlier and stronger affected than C assimilation. This favors plant survival and recovery but not always agronomic performance as NSC are stored rather than used for growth due to a modified metabolism in source and sink leaves. Such interactions between plant C and water balance are complex and plant modeling can help analyzing their impact on plant phenotype. This paper addresses the impact of trade-offs between C sink and source activities and plant production under drought, combining experimental and modeling approaches. Two contrasted monocotyledonous species (rice, oil palm) were studied. Experimentally, the sink limitation of plant growth under moderate drought was confirmed as well as the modifications in NSC metabolism in source and sink organs. Under severe stress, when C source became limiting, plant NSC concentration decreased. Two plant models dedicated to oil palm and rice morphogenesis were used to perform a sensitivity analysis and further explore how to optimize C sink and source drought sensitivity to maximize plant growth. Modeling results highlighted that optimal drought sensitivity depends both on drought type and species and that modeling is a great opportunity to analyze such complex processes. Further modeling needs and more generally the challenge of using models to support complex trait breeding are discussed.
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- 2013
50. Analyse des teneurs en sucres dans dix huit bières de fabrication industrielle: une bière sans sucre, mythe ou réalité?
- Author
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de Cliff, Steve, Ndayiragije, Euphrem, and De Cliff, Steve
- Subjects
Sucres ,[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,[CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry ,Hydrate de carbone ,education ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,food and beverages ,Bière ,Glucide ,human activities ,Alcool - Abstract
In this study, we have analyzed the sugars content, but also alcohol, in eighteen varieties of beer consumption, all marketed or manufactured by world renowned brewers. Results obtained demonstrate that all beers without any exception contain sugars, in proportions comparable within categories. Another unexpected result, but also predictable, concerns the category of "non-alcoholic beers". We found that the amounts of sugars are systematically at least the double of those found in the mother beers from which they are drawn by distillation.
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- 2013
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