124 results on '"germanizmi"'
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2. DEUTSCH IM HISTORISCHEN MARIBOR.
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Jesenšek, Vida
- Abstract
Copyright of Linguistica is the property of Linguistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
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3. ZU EINIGEN ASPEKTEN DES DEUTSCHEN ALS KONTAKTSPRACHE DES SLOWENISCHEN.
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Birk, Uršula Krevs
- Abstract
Copyright of Linguistica is the property of Linguistica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
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4. Prisutnost germanizama u govoru grada Mursko Središće u usporedbi s korpusom zvučnoga atlasa 'Austrijacizmi i germanizmi u hrvatskome jeziku'
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Soldat, Laura, Malnar Jurišić, Marija, and Piškorec, Velimir
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HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Germanistika ,germanizmi ,jezični dodiri ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. German Studies ,austrijacizmi ,Austriazismen ,germanizmi, austrijacizmi, zvučni atlas „Austrijacizmi i germanizmi u hrvatskome jeziku“, kajkavsko narječje, Mursko Središće, jezični dodiri ,der kajkavische Dialekt ,Sprachkontakt ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Kroatistika ,Mursko Središće ,Germanismen ,der sprechende Atlas „Austriazismen und Germanismen im Kroatischen“ ,zvučni atlas „Austrijacizmi i germanizmi u hrvatskome jeziku“ ,kajkavsko narječje ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Croatian Studies - Abstract
Ovaj rad pod naslovom Prisutnost germanizama u govoru grada Mursko Središće u usporedbi s korpusom zvučnoga atlasa "Austrijacizmi i germanizmi u hrvatskome jeziku" istražuje pojavnost germanizama i austrijacizama u govoru grada Mursko Središće te njihovu zastupljenost s obzirom na generacijske razlike među govornicima. Okosnicu dijalektološkoga istraživanja čini korpus zvučnoga atlasa „Austrijacizmi i germanizmi u hrvatskome jeziku“, a istražuje se govor koji pripada kajkavskome narječju. Nakon nekoliko informacija o Murskom Središću, zvučnome atlasu i ispitanicima te teorijskoga dijela, u kojem su predstavljeni svi pojmovi relevantni za ovo istraživanje, u radu se iznose rezultati istraživanja te njihova analiza i usporedba. Terenskim su istraživanjem ispitani govornici različitih dobnih skupina te se uočava postoji li razlika u poznavanju i aktivnom korištenju germanizama s obzirom na dob. In dieser Arbeit unter dem Titel Präsenz von Germanismen in der Mundart der Stadt Mursko Središće im Vergleich mit dem Korpus des sprechenden Atlas „Austriazismen und Germanismen im Kroatischen“ wird die Anwesenheit von Germanismen und Austriazismen in der kajkavischen Mundart der Stadt Mursko Središće im Hinblick auf Generationsunterschiede untersucht. Der Ausgangspunkt der dialektologischen Untersuchung ist das Korpus des sprechenden Atlas „Austriazismen und Germanismen im Kroatischen“. Im einleitenden Teil der Arbeit wurden zunächst die wichtigsten geographischen und historischen Tatsachen über Mursko Središće, den sprechenden Atlas und die Informanten angegeben. Im darauffolgenden theoretischen Teil wurden die für diese Untersuchung relevanten Begriffe erläutert, während im analytischen Teil der Arbeit die gewonnenen dargestellt wurden. Es konnte festgestellt werden, dass die älteren Sprecher der Mundart von Mursko Središće mehr Germanismen kennen und verwenden als die jüngeren.
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- 2023
5. German Loanwords in the Croatian Region of Međimurje
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Benko, Zdravka, Stojić, Aneta, Košuta, Nataša, and Palašić, Nikolina
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njemačke posuđenice ,germanizmi ,hrvatsko-njemački jezični dodiri ,nadregionalni germanizmi - Abstract
Das Thema der vorliegenden Arbeit sind Germanismen im kroatischen Zwischenmuhrgebiet. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, mit Hilfe einer Fragebogenuntersuchung und Liste etablierter Germanismen festzustellen, inwieweit die deutsche Sprache in der kroatischen, bzw. Sprache der Bewohner des Zwischenmuhrgebiets, verankert ist. Im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit werden zuerst die kroatischdeutschen Sprachkontakte erläutert, danach werden deutsche Lehnwörter in Kroatien erwähnt, wie auch überregionale deutsche Lehnwörter. Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit wird die durchgeführte Untersuchung dargestellt. Es wurde eine Fragebogenuntersuchung durchgeführt, die zum Ziel hatte, festzustellen, inwieweit die Bevölkerung des Zwischenmuhrgebiets (auch: Međimurje) täglich unter dem Einfluss der Germanisierung steht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass mehr als 90% der befragten Bevölkerung Germanismen anstelle von kroatischen standardsprachlichen Ausdrücken in ihrer Alltagskommunikation verwendet., Tema ovog diplomskog rada su germanizmi na području regije Međimurje. Cilj je rada zu pomoć provođene ankete i popisa germanizama prikazati, u kojoj mjeri se je njemački jezik uvriježen u hrvatskome, odnosno u mjesnom govoru stanovništva Međimurja. U teorijskom dijelu rada objašnjeni su hrvatsko-njemački jezični dodiri kroz povijest te potom njemačke posuđenice u Hrvatskoj i nadregionalni germanizmi. U empirijskom dijelu rada prikazano je provedeno istraživanje. Provedena je anketa čiji je cilj bio prikazati u kojoj je mjeri stanovništvo Međimurja svakodnevno pod utjecajem germanizacije. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su da više od 90% ispitanog stanovništva u svakodnevnoj komunikaciji umjesto hrvatskih književnih riječi koristi germanizme.
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- 2022
6. NJEMAČKE POSUĐENICE U HRVATSKOME GLAZBENOM NAZIVLJU I ŽARGONU.
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LAGUS, MONIKA
- Abstract
Copyright of HUM: Journal of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Mostar is the property of University of Mostar, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
7. LEKSIKA STRANOGA PORIJEKLA U KUBINOJ ZBIRCI PJESAMA IZ 1893. GODINE.
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Ćušić, Tarik
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This research paper deals with the lexical level of the linguistic structure of Songs and undersongs from Bosnia and Herzegovina, collections of lyric poems, ballads and romances that represent a result of the Czech melograph Ludvík Cuba's four-month collection work in 1893. The aim of the paper is to record and quantify the lexicon of foreign origin in this collection of poems in order to create an insight into inclusion of this lexicon in oral lyrical and lyric-epic creations, and to classify words of foreign origin according to thematic units in order to establish thematic the most numerous borrowers in the Cuba's collection. It is important to note that orientalisms were not the subject of this research since the words of oriental origin are perceived as native, autochthonous words that more faithfully reflect tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
8. Zum Wortgut deutscher Herkunft im plurizentrischen Serbokroatischen nach der Auflösung Jugoslawiens
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Kolundzija Gavranovic, Biljana, Gierden Vega, María del Carmen, Universidad de Valladolid. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Kolundzija Gavranovic, Biljana, Gierden Vega, María del Carmen, and Universidad de Valladolid. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras
- Abstract
Das Forschungsinteresse der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit besteht darin, zu untersuchen, a) wie und unter welchen historischen Bedingungen die Lehnwörter aus dem Deutschen in das Serbokroatische bzw. seine Varianten (Bosnisch, Kroatisch und Serbisch) nach der Auflösung Jugoslawiens Anfang der 1990-er Jahre eingedrungen sind; b) ob sich die These verifizieren lässt, dass die deutschen Integrate – trotz der Zersplitterung der ehemaligen Amtssprache Jugoslawiens und der vom Staat unterstützten sprachpuristischen Strömungen – eine immer noch herausragende Stelle in der heutigen Umgangssprache einnehmen. In der hier vorgenommenen lexikologischen Untersuchung wird kontrastiv und sachgruppenspezifisch vorgegangen, indem die durch sprachkontaktinduzierten und übereinstimmenden Integrate im Bosnischen, Kroatischen und Serbischen nach Dornseiff (2004) in onomasiologische Paradigmen eingeordnet und synchron mit dem Deutschen verglichen werden. Die daraus resultierenden Ergebnisse, 180 Worteinheiten deutscher Herkunft, lassen Regelmäßigkeiten bei der Verwendung der Integrate im Wortschatzsystem der drei Standardvarietäten beobachten, so dass die Befürchtungen ihres Nicht-Fortbestehens unbegründet sind., La investigación del presente trabajo fin de grado se detiene en analizar: a) cómo y bajo qué condiciones históricas se han integrado los préstamos provenientes del alemán en el serbocroata, más concretamente en sus variantes (bosnio, croata y serbio), después de la desintegración de Yugoslavia a principios de los años 90; y b) si es posible corroborar la tesis de que los préstamos alemanes –a pesar de la fragmentación de la antigua lengua oficial de Yugoslavia y de las corrientes lingüísticas puristas apoyadas por el estado– siguen ocupando un lugar destacado dentro del registro coloquial actual. En el presente estudio lexicológico se adopta un enfoque contrastivo e ideológico. Los préstamos homónimos en el bosnio, croata y serbio resultantes del contacto lingüístico, son clasificados según Dornseiff (2004) en paradigmas onomasiológicos y comparados sincrónicamente con el alemán. Los resultados obtenidos, 180 lexemas de origen alemán, permiten concluir regularidades de uso de los préstamos en el sistema léxico de cada una de las tres variedades estándar, de modo que los temores sobre su desaparición son infundados., The research in present Bachelor’s Degree Final Project is concerned with analysing: a) how and under what historical conditions German loanwords have been integrated into SerboCroatian, more specifically into its variants (Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian), after the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s; and b) whether it is possible to corroborate the thesis that German loanwords - despite the fragmentation of the former official language of Yugoslavia and state-supported purist linguistic currents - still occupy a prominent place in the current colloquial register. The present lexicological study adopts a contrastive and ideological approach. Homonymous loanwords in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian resulting from language contact are classified according to Dornseiff (2004) in onomasiological paradigms and compared synchronically with German. The results obtained, 180 lexemes of German origin, allow us to conclude regularities of loanword usage in the lexical system of each of the three standard varieties, so that fears about their disappearance are unfounded., Istraživački interes ovog diplomskog rada sastoji se u tome da se istraži: a) kako i pod kojim istorijskim uslovima su pozajmljenice iz njemačkog jezika poslije raspada Jugoslavije početkom 90-tih godina prošlog vijeka prodrle u srpskohrvatski odnosno njegove varijante (bosanski, hrvatski i srpski); b) da li se može provjeriti teza da pozajmljenice iz njemačkog jezika – uprkos fragmentaciji bivšeg službenog jezika Jugoslavije i purističkim jezičkim strujama podržanim od države – i dalje zauzimaju istaknuto mjesto u današnjem govornom jeziku. Leksikološka studija, koja je u ovom radu sprovedena, odvija se kontrastivno i na način specifičan za predmetnu grupu, tako što su homonimne pozajmljenice u bosanskom, hrvatskom i srpskom, nastale kao rezultat jezičkog kontakta, prema Dornseiffu (2004) klasifikovane u onomasiološke paradigme i sinhrono se upoređuju sa njemačkim. Dobijeni rezultati, 180 lekseme njemačkog porijekla, otkrivaju pravilnosti u upotrebi pozajmljenica u leksičkom sistemu tri standardna varijeteta, tako da su strahovi o njihovom nestanku neosnovani., Departamento de Filología Francesa y Alemana, Grado en Lenguas Modernas y sus Literaturas
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- 2022
9. Germanizmi u švedskom jeziku
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Slišković, Branimir and Petrović, Ante
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HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Germanistika ,germanizmi ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. German Studies ,posuđenice - Abstract
Švedski jezik je tijekom svog povijesnog razvoja posuđivao riječi najprije iz latinskog i grčkog, zatim iz njemačkog (prvo iz donjonjemačkog, pa iz gornjonjemačkog jezika), francuskog i engleskog jezika. Donjonjemački jezik je tijekom Hanzeatskog saveza, trgovačkog saveza u sjevernom djelu Europe, bio glavni jezik za trgovinu. U tom razdoblju je preuzeto mnogo riječi iz područja trgovine, gradske administracije, obrtništva i tadašnjeg načina života. Osim imenica, glagola i pridjeva, iz njemačkog su posuđene i zamjenice, veznici, prilozi, pomoćni glagoli, prefiksi i sufiksi. U 16. stoljeću, prodorom protestantizma u Švedsku, na švedski je prvo preveden Novi zavjet, a kasnije i cijela Biblija. Kao temelj za taj prijevod je poslužio njemački prijevod Biblije od Martina Luthera. U 17. stoljeću je za vrijeme Tridesetogodišnjeg rata posuđeno dosta riječi vezanih za vojsku, trgovinu, rudarstvo itd. Za vrijeme 18. i 19. stoljeća postupno se smanjilo posuđivanje iz njemačkog jezika, da bi na kraju u drugoj polovici 20. stoljeća, pa sve do danas to posuđivanje iz njemačkog jezika postalo beznačajno. During its historical development, the Swedish language borrowed words first from Latin and Greek, then from German (first from Low German, then from High German), French and English. Low German was the main language of trade during the Hanseatic League, a trading alliance in the northern part of Europe. In that period, many words were taken from the fields of trade, city administration, craftsmanship and the way of life at that time. In addition to nouns, verbs and adjectives, pronouns, conjunctions, adverbs, auxiliary verbs, prefixes and suffixes have also been loaned from German. During the 16th century, with the penetration of Protestantism into Sweden, the New Testament was first translated into Swedish, and later the entire Bible. The German translation of the Bible by Martin Luther served as the basis for this translation. In the 17th century, during the Thirty Years' War, a lot of words related to the army, trade, mining, etc. were loaned. During the 18th and 19th centuries, borrowing from the German language gradually decreased, and finally in the second half of the 20th century, all until today this borrowing from the German language became insignificant.
- Published
- 2022
10. Germanizmi v frazemih Slovarja slovenskega knjižnega jezika od R do Ž
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Irena Stramljič Breznik and Marjana Hameršak
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slovenščina ,leksikologija ,frazeologija ,frazemi ,germanizmi ,slovar ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
Prispevek predstavlja zadnji del raziskave o germanizmih od R do Ž, sprejetih v Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika, ki so hkrati tudi frazemske sestavine. Za tovrstne frazeme se na podlagi slovarskih označevalnikov ugotavlja korelacija med zaznamovanostjo germanizma in zaznamovanostjo frazema z njim, živost in poznavanje frazemov pa se preverjata s pomočjo referenčnega korpusa FidaPLUS in vprašalnika, ki ga je izpolnilo štiriinpetdeset študentov drugega letnika enopredmetnega študija slovenskega jezika na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Mariboru.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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11. Leksičke značajke deseteračkih dvostiha u tiskanim zapisima Slavka Jankovića i rukopisnoj ostavštini Luke Lukića
- Author
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Ana Tereza Želinski and Petrović, Bernardina
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Turkish loanwords ,polisemičnost ,Luka Lukić ,germanizmi ,homonymy ,jezični dodiri ,synonymy ,interlinguistic influence ,pismice ,polisemy ,Slavko Janković, Luka Lukić, pismice, sinonimičnost, homonimičnost, polisemičnost, jezični dodiri, turcizmi, germanizmi ,Germanisms ,Croatian language ,sinonimičnost ,decasyllabic couplets ,Slavko Janković ,homonimičnost ,turcizmi ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Kroatistika ,Hrvatski jezik ,udc:811.163.42(043.3) ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Croatian Studies - Abstract
Deseterački dvostisi Slavka Jankovića i Luke Lukića vjerodostojni su prikaz života, kulture i običaja na području Slavonije, Baranje i Srijema do sredine 20. stoljeća. Ta vrijedna ostavština s oko 8.000 dvostiha pruža relevantan uvid u leksik toga vremena te pokazuje zastupljenost stranojezičnih elemenata i njegov utjecaj na autohtoni leksički sloj. U disertaciji se istražuju leksičke značajke dvostiha iz prikupljenoga korpusa s osobitim obzirom na polisemičnost, homonimičnost i sinonimičnost te propituje utjecaj posuđenica iz njemačkoga i turskoga jezika na sadržaj i strukturu dvostiha. Posebna je pozornost usmjerena problematici međujezičnih dodira, jezičnom posuđivanju, prilagodbi posuđenica na fonološkoj i morfološkoj, a poglavito na semantičkoj i leksičkoj razini. Prikupljeni korpus čine Jankovićevi tiskani zapisi dvostiha te neistražena i jezično neopisana rukopisna ostavština Luke Lukića čineći tako iznimno bogatstvo gotovo zaboravljenoga pučkog govora Brodskoga Posavlja. Decasyllabic couplets by Slavko Janković and Luka Lukić are an authentic portrait of life, culture and customs in Slavonija, Baranja and Srijem up to the middle of the 20th century. This valuable legacy, which includes around 8,000 couplets, offers a relevant insight into the lexicon of that time and shows the representation of foreign language elements and its effect on the indigenous lexical layer. This dissertation will explore the lexical significance of couplets from the collected corpus with regards to polysemy, homonymy and synonymy, and examine the influence of loan-words from German and Turkish languages on the contents and structure of the couplet. Special attention will be given to the issue of interlingual contacts, linguistic borrowing, adaptation of loan-words on a phonological, morphological, semantic and lexical level. The collected corpus is comprised of Janković’s printed couples and the unexplored and linguistically undescribed handwritten legacy of Luka Lukić, which form the unique treasure of the almost forgotten folk discourse of Brodsko Posavlje. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is an exhaustive overview, description and analysis of the influence of Turkish and German loan-words on the formation of decasyllabic couplets in Slavonija, Baranja and Srijem, with special consideration of the semantic potential of lexemes, and regards to homonymy, synonymy and polysemy in the collected corpus. Likewise, the aim of the dissertation was to use comparative analysis to contrast the writings of the two authors and to describe particular orthographical, grammatical, i.e. phonological, morphological, word-formational, syntactical and lexical features. The first hypothesis argues that the comparison of the two corpora up to the middle of the 20th century shows that polysemy is more widespread than homonymy, and homonymy that synonymy. The second hypothesis argues that Turkish loan-words are more widespread than German loan-words in decasyllabic couplets, from culinary lexicon to clothes and house inventory, botany and gardening and many other agricultural sectors and crafts, and insults, nicknames and characteristics, human relations and emotions. The hypotheses of this dissertation will be tested on the collected corpus comprised of 8,000 couplets from the works of Slavko Janković, one of the most famous Croatian ethnomusicologists of his time, and of the manuscripts of Luka Lukić, the most significant ethnographer, melographer and folklore researcher in Slavonija from the end of the 19th century until the middle of the 20th century (Blaževac-Pajkov 2016). This two corpora are differently formed. While Janković's writings are printed in three song-books (Janković 1967, 1970, 1974) and are easily accesible, Lukić's couplets are a part of a manuscript legacy which is kept in The Museum of Brodsko Posavlje at the Etnographic Department in Slavonski Brod. Janković's and Lukić's decasyllabic couplets have not yet been the subject of linguistic study and assessment, therefore detailed analysis, verification and evaluation is needed. The dissertation explores lexical and semantic relationships of lexemes with a particular overview of synonymy, homonymy and polysemy, analyses and determines the cultural and historic framework of languages in contact, the relationships between domestic and loan-words, their absorption and adaptation on a phonological, morphological, semantic and lexical level, and ascertains the level of influence of loan-words on the language of decasyllabic couplets and the semantic areas where they are documented. Through the studied manuscript legacy of Luka Lukić and printed writings of Slavko Janković, the dissertation also implements an analysis of orthography and grammar of traditional discourses and describes particular orthographical, grammar, i.e. phonological, morphological, word-formational, syntactical and lexical features. The couplets are formed spontaneously “alongside life occasions: rituals and customs, work, leisure, jest and momentary elations, weddings, births and deaths...” (Botica 1995), that is, in every circumstance and situation that were a part of everyday traditional life of a Šokac. Since the nature of the couplet is characterized both by being documented and being informative, which therefore provides the ability to reconstruct objective facts, place and date of the action, certain information about history, historic events (Barišić 2016a), politics and political situation, the economy, current economic situation and existing societal issues, it is expected that we find a presence of loan-words in the various lexicon which primarily refers to culinary domain, clothes, decorations, jewelry and textiles, house inventory, garden, botany, agriculture, crafts, military, but also names, human relations and emotions. The initial phase of the research will explore in detail the recent foreign and domestic literature which primarily studies linguistical contacts and complexities of lexical-semantic relationships. Subsequently, from the collected database, which is comprised of printed writings of Slavko Janković and the manuscript legacy of Luka Lukić, a corpus of decasyllabic couplets will be formed. The corpus, comprised of “these small couplets, which melt all the original local, all the lines of force that form local identification” (Botica 2013), will become the backbone of the database study from a linguistic point of view. The dissertation also brings a detailed description and analysis of up to this time unexplored manuscript legacy of couplets of Luka Lukić. The central part of the research will be dedicated to the corpus analysis. Comparative method will be primarily used to describe decasyllabic couplets, and the above-mentioned hypotheses will be verified by an inductive-deductive method. First, the theoretical starting points will be determined and decasyllabic couplets defined, and lexical-semantic relationships with a special overview of synonymy, homonymy and polysemy within the collected corpus will be analyzed. Preliminary research indicates that there are not many synonymous and homonymous lexemes in the body of decasyllabic couplets, while the polysemous lexemes are abundantly represented, and there is large number of those that are not registered in Croatian lexicographic handbooks. An important part of the work will include the linguistics of language contacts as per theoretical points of reference of Croatian contactological literature. Next, the history of Croatian-Ottoman and Croatian-German linguistic contacts will be explored, linguistic borrowing analyzed, its causes, the adaptation of loan-words and their influence on the lexicon of decasyllabic couplets. Finally, main insights and the verification of hypotheses will be synthesized, and considering the unexplored segments of the corpus within the stated areas of lexicology, documentation of lexemes that can be used for supplementation of dictionary description of the Croatian language can be anticipated. Decasyllabic couplets as a kind of lyrical form are most common in Slavonija, Baranja and Srijem and are “an indicator of abundance of Croatian folk treasure” (Botica 1996) and promotors of centuries-long tradition and culture. Because they “have a specific melodic, morphologic, syntactic and semantic recognizability” (Botica 2013) they require a unique approach of particular sciences. While, from an ethnomusicological standpoint, decasyllabic couplets have been described in detail, and there is a certain diversity of approach, subjects of research and scientific engagement with couplets, from a literary theory standpoint, decasyllabic couplets are mostly limited to bećarac (Slavonian humorous-ribald folk song). Several monographies unify them as printed writings, the Josip Užarević monography (2012) classifies them within the literary minimalist genre, Pšihistal (2008) analyses the coding of love in the collection Šokačke pismice Slavka Jankovića, Dragić (2008) briefly defines bećarac while in his magazine article Užarević (2009) discusses the poetics of bećarac and its characteristics. Within this bibliography bećarac is determined as a rhymed decasyllabic couplet, folk vocalinstrumental minimal chant of Slavonija-Baranja-Srijem (Užarević 2009: 111). Bošković-Stulli (1978: 305) suggests that it originated in the second half of the 19th century, and Leskovac (1968: 107) points out that bećarac is situated regionally (from Srijem, Banat and Bačka and Baranja to Slavonija and Šokadija to Kordun and Lika) placing it in an even broader location than it is done in this dissertation. While Botica (2013) considers short decasyllabic chants and rhymes, including bećarac, to be a special and very prolific kind of lyrical chants, according to Dragić (2008: 127) many of the bećaracs belong to folk literature and do not have an aesthetic function. That it is more than merely a folk form of having fun is demonstrated by the fact that Republic of Croatia Ministry of Culture has included it in the List of Protected Cultural Treasures in 2007, and in 2011 it was included in the UNESCO List of Intangible Cultural Heritage. Subsequently, it is unclear why decasyllabic couplets have not been the subject-matter of linguistic interest or more detailed research. There are few references about the lexical layer of decasyllabic couplets in the recent linguistical and philological literature. It is therefore necessary to conduct the required research within lexicology. The corpus of decasyllabic couplets in this dissertation consolidates printed writings from collections Šokačke pismice Slavka Jankovića (1967, 1970, 1974) and the unpublished manuscript of Luka Lukić - a total of 8,000 decasyllabic couplets of bećarac, drumarac, svatovac, pokladarac and other minimalistic forms of spoken folk expression. Preliminary research confirms some similarities and differences of those sources. Lukić’s manuscript is older in origin, and considering that Janković analyzed Lukić’s Popijevke iz okolice Slavonskog Broda (1919), it is not surprising that his song-book repeats many of those couplets. Lukić registered couplets of Brodsko Posavlje, including Oprisavci, Varoš, Kaniža, Klakar, Ruščica and Donja Bebrina, and Janković described and collected couplets from certain places in Slavonija, Baranja and Srijem. In addition to the collected couplets, both record music notes for particular couplets. Janković termed all the couplets as pismice, that is, decasyllable couplets, while Lukić categorized them as priskočnice or chants. Literary historians accept the suggested terminology, identifying pismice with “decasyllabic couplets” (Bošković-Stulli 1978: 305). This paper accepts the term decasyllabic couplets while not limiting it exclusively to bećarac or other individual kinds, because the couplets differentiate only in the occasion for which they are written or the lyrical subject that is producing them. All forms of decasyllabic couplets are characterized by the same structure, minimalism, intermediality, rhyme, humorous context and out-singing, and therefore it cannot be justified to single out just one form. As the paper is focused primarily on lexical characteristics, relationships between words and loan-words within the decasyllabic couplets structure will primarily be analyzed. Decasyllabic couplets abound in the latter, as shown in preliminary research. German and Turkish loan-words comprise approximately 70% of the corpus and their analyses will constitute a majority of the paper. When defining loan-words, this paper will incline towards the term Turkish loan-words, rather than Oriental loan-words, and the statement by Hanka Glibanović-Vajzović (1986: 141) that “Turkish loan-words are all words of Oriental and other origin received through Turkish language agency, regardless of their deeper etymology”. After initial research, it has been established that the area of Slavonija, Baranja and Srijem has been subjected to German and Turkish influence during its long and prolific history, which has left trace in Croatian language as well. The reasons for this can be found in long-term presence of Ottomans in the Slavonian area since the 14th century when Croatian language came into contact with the Ottoman influence, and later when the Ottomans were forced out in the 18th century in the establishment of the Military Border (Vojna krajina) which served as a military-police district for the defense from the Ottomans (Moačanin and Valentić 1981). It was then that one language was substituted for another, German (Žepić 1996). As a result of age-long historical events and political changes, German loan-words have, because of certain cultural, political and other reasons, become a language necessity among the members of immigrant German people and the native population. Their usage improved mutual understanding, but also the need to vocally express new elements of extra-linguistic reality which were introduced by interlocking the two cultures (Kordić 2006). Considering these facts, German and Turkish loan-words will be analyzed on a phonological, morphological, semantic and lexical level, using primarily the principles of contact linguistics (Filipović 1979, Filipović 1986, Dabo-Denegri 1998, Sočanac 2004, Stojić 2008). In order to make the analysis more complete, phonological and morphological systems of contact languages will be compared and it will be determined how a loan-word, when being integrated in the receiving language system, shaped its meanings, and how those meanings relate to the meanings in the model of the donor language, the changes that occurred in the adaptation process and why those changes occurred. The best way to detect the effect of language contacts of two languages and to determine which part of the lexicon was significantly influenced by loan-words is by analyzing the lexical level of language structure (Barišić 2016b). The dissertation will research in detail the lexical-semantic relationships of lexemes with special regards to synonymy, homonymy and polysemy. As opposed to synonymy (Melvinger 1984, Petrović 2005) and polysemy (Raffaelli 2015, Tafra 2017) for which there is extensive recent literature, the phenomenon of homonymy (Samardžija 1989, Dobričević 2000, Tafra 2016) has not yet received adequate attention within the Croatian language, and therefore polysemy has not even been unambiguously defined (Hudeček, Mihaljević 2009), which leaves enough space to more thoroughly and systematically analyze homonymy in this dissertation. The paper is expected to note new meanings conditioned by existing decasyllabic couplets which could complete the lexical database and thereby contribute to the semantic description of lexemes in the lexicographic descriptions of the Croatian language.
- Published
- 2021
12. Leksički neslavizmi u ozaljskom govoru
- Author
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Stjepko Težak
- Subjects
ozaljski govor ,turcizmi ,hungarizmi ,romanizmi ,germanizmi ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
Inojezične crte u ozaljskom govoru najčešće se odražavaju u leksiku. Posuđenice nisu ulazile u taj govor izravno iz matičnih jezika, nego posredstvom susjednih hrvatskih govora. Ovdje se navode riječi neslavenskoga podrijetla: hungarizmi, germanizmi, talijanizmi i turcizmi, koji svjedoče o naiječnoj dvostrukosti ozaljskoga govora. Prevlast riječi njemačkoga i mađarskoga podrijetla, uz brojne druge kajkavizme, potvrđuje jaču povezanost ozaljskoga govora s kajkavskim dijalektom, a velik broj talijanizama, zajedno s drugim nekajkavskim osobinama, upućuje i na nezaobilazno čakavsko obilježje ozaljskoga idioma.
- Published
- 2003
13. ADAPTACIJE GERMANIZAMA U ILOČKOM GOVORU
- Author
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Barbara Štebih
- Subjects
iločki govor ,germanizmi ,fonološke, morfološke, semantičke adaptacije ,Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages ,PG1-9665 - Abstract
U radu se analizira korpus iločkih germanizama prikupljen na temelju terenskih istraživanja. Nastoji se utvrditi njihovo podrijetlo, fonološke, morfološke i semantičke prilagodbe te frekventnost njihove uporabe u govoru triju generacija Iločana.
- Published
- 2003
14. Germanizmi u varaždinskom govoru
- Author
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Županić, Sanja, Piškorec, Velimir, and Huzjan, Vladimir
- Subjects
HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. General Linguistics ,glosar ,njemačko-hrvatski dodiri ,germanizmi ,contact linguistics ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Opće jezikoslovlje (lingvistika) ,sociolingvistika ,German-Croatian language contact ,Linguistics and languages ,adaptacijski procesi na fonološkoj ,German loanwords ,germanizmi, varaždinski govor, Varaždin, njemačko-hrvatski jezični dodiri ,Hrvatski jezik ,Kajkavian vernacular of Varaždin people ,udc:811.163.42(043.3) ,sociolinguistics ,udc:81(043.3) ,phonological ,morphological and semantic adaptation processes ,morfološkoj i semantičkoj razini ,bilingualism ,dodirno jezikoslovlje ,Croatian language ,Lingvistika i jezici ,germanizmi, varaždinski govor, Varaždin, njemačko-hrvatski dodiri ,glossary ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Kroatistika ,language borrowing ,varaždinski govor ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Croatian Studies - Abstract
U ovome doktorskome radu iz područja dodirnoga jezikoslovlja opisan je utjecaj njemačkoga jezika i germanofonih doseljenika u Varaždinu te su prikazani rezultati dodirnojezikoslovne analize posljedica njemačkih-hrvatskih jezičnih dodira u varaždinskom kajkavskom govoru na fonološkoj, morfološkoj i semantičkoj razini. Doktorski rad počinje kronološkim pregledom nekadašnjih i suvremenih civilizacijskih, društveno-kulturnih, upravno-administrativnih, gospodarskih i političkih veza zemalja njemačkoga govornoga područja i Varaždina. Slijedi teorijski okvir s definicijama osnovnih pojmova i pojavnosti koje se proučavaju u okviru dodirnoga jezikoslovlja i sociolingvistike. Treće poglavlje tematizira rezultate analize adaptacijskih procesa varaždinskih germanizama na fonološkoj, morfološkoj i semantičkoj razini. Glosar varaždinskih germanizama čini četvrti i najopsežniji dio doktorske disertacije, a ustrojen je abecedno prema njemačkome modelu. Nakon glosara slijedi abecedni popis varaždinskih replika te popis dijafonskih parova. Budući da dosadašnja istraživanja posljedica njemačko-hrvatskih civilizacijskih i jezičnih dodira u Varaždinu nisu obuhvatila varaždinsku arhivsku i muzejsku pisanu te tiskanu ostavštinu, naše je istraživanje započelo pregledom dostupne građe kako bi se utvrdio i opisao utjecaj njemačkoga jezika kroz varaždinsku povijest. Tekstovi tiskani i pisani na varaždinskoj kajkavštini u razdoblju od druge polovice 19. stoljeća do prvog desetljeća dvadeset i prvog stoljeća potvrdili su intenzivan utjecaj njemačkoga jezika na varaždinski gradski govor. U tim su tekstovima na varaždinskom govoru identificirane leksičke posljedice njemačko-hrvatskih dodira u Varaždinu – varaždinski germanizmi. Na tom korpusu, prikazanome u radu u obliku glosara ustrojena abecedno prema njemačkome modelu, provedena je dodirnojezikoslovna analiza adaptacijskih procesa na fonološkoj, morfološkoj i semantičkoj razini. Even the earliest historical documents of the City of Varaždin, dating from the 13th century and preserved in the Varaždin City Museum and Varaždin State Archives, provide evidence of intense German-Croatian civilisation and language contacts in the area. Our research on the influence of the German culture and language throughout centuries started with the study of Varaždin’s history by gathering information on the first German settlers in the Middle Ages. We determined that from the 13th century onwards various types of GermanCroatian contacts occurred in Varaždin, becoming more intense from century to century, especially under the Habsburgs. The influence of the German language and culture in Varaždin reached the peak from the second half of the 18th to the end of the 19th century. Thus, the first chapter of this doctoral thesis provides information on social, historical, cultural and political background of the German-Croatian language contact in Varaždin. The second chapter of the doctoral thesis presents theoretical framework comprising language phenomena belonging to the scientific field of contact linguistics and sociolinguistics. Some of linguistic phenomena defined and dealt with are bilingualism, multilingualism, codeswitching, diglossia, lingua franca, pidgin, creole, mixed languages, language borrowing, donor language, recipient language, model, replica, interference, adaptation processes, integration and loanwords. The research confirmed that the influence of the German culture and language in Varaždin was so strong that in the second half of the 18th century and throughout the 19th century the language situation in Varaždin was characterised by diglossia in which German was used in favour of Croatian. Bilingual people of Varaždin used to associate the German language with prestige and education and as a result started using German loanwords in the local Kajkavian dialect. Up to the present time, systematic linguistic research into German loanwords found in historical as well as more modern sources written in the vernacular of Varaždin people has not been conducted. The first written forms of the Varaždin vernacular date back to the second half of the 16th century; however, the language material from the second half of the 16th century to the Illyrian movement (1835) is excluded from the research as this is the period when the Kajkavian dialect was the standard literary language used in the then Croatia. In order to be able to conduct research on German loanwords in the vernacular of Varaždin people, we had to compile a corpus. Thus, the identified German loanwords were compiled with the context of their use from the following sources written in the Varaždin vernacular: Varašdinski kolendar/Varaždinski kolendar (1864 – 1900), Ivan-čića (first half of the 20th century), Štefek z mustači (1905 – 1906), Smola naroda (1919), Plitvička oblast (1928), Filarka (1929), Varaždinske vijesti (1998 – 2011), and Rječnik varaždinskoga kajkavskog govora (Tomislav Lipljin 2013). Next, we excerpted the loanwords from the context, identified their German models and compiled a glossary structured alphabetically according to the German model. Altogether, in the written sources of the Varaždin vernacular, we identified 6.682 German loanwords. The first step in the analysis of German loanwords in the vernacular of Varaždin people was to conduct the contrastive analysis of the language systems in contact. Due to this method, we were able to predict the interference at the phonological level of language. When analysing morphological adaptation processes of German loanwords in the Varaždin vernacular, the description of syntagmatic characteristics was applied instead of the contrastive analysis. Furthermore, we introduced the classification of German loanwords according to the type of morphological adaptation of loanwords in the Varaždin vernacular. Moreover, we also provided information on grammatical features of the Varaždin vernacular. The analysis of the loanwords at the semantic level of language included the description of the adaptation of meaning of loanwords. In order to analyse the relations of meanings of a German word and its Croatian equivalent, we applied dictionary definitions of the word meaning. Due to the fact that our research was conducted on the language material dating from several centuries, it was also necessary to apply diachronic approach in the analysis of certain loanwords. Thus, in the third chapter of the doctoral thesis the results of the linguistic analysis of German loanwords in the vernecular of Varaždin people at phonological, morphological and semantic levels of language, including the classification of the loanwords according to their morphological adaptation, are presented. While we were conducting research on German loanwords at different levels of language, we were also entering the results of phonological, morphological and semantic analysis under each German model and its Croatian equivalent. We also provided the context of use for the majority of loanwords from our corpus. In this way we compiled a glossary of German loanwords in the speech of Varaždin people which later became the fourth chapter of our doctoral thesis. The fifth chapter is actually a shortened list of German loanwords in Varaždin speech, structured alphabetically according to the loanwords. Next to each loanword we also give its model word from the German language. The sixth chapter of our doctoral dissertation is complementary to the analysis of German loanwords at the phonological level of language. In this chapter we provide information on the sound environments in which phonological adaptation of borrowed German language material occurs. The chapter comprises a list with diaphonic pairs unpredictable by the contrastive analysis of the phonological systems of the languages in contact. The appendix is complementary to the first chapter of the doctoral thesis as it provides photos of historical documents confirming the strong influence of the prestigious German language in Varaždin throughout history. The photos also give proof of bilingualism of the majority of Varaždin people in various centuries which contributed to the borrowing of German words into the Varaždin vernacular. Thus, aside from providing authentic knowledge on German loanwords in the speech of Varaždin people, this doctoral thesis resulted in compiling a glossary with 6.682 German loanwords, including results obtained from the linguistic analysis of adaptation processes at the phonological, morphological and semantic level of language. In this doctoral thesis we also provide answers to many questions in connection with the intensity of German-Croatian language and civilisation contacts in the City of Varaždin throughout the history
- Published
- 2021
15. STROJARSKO NAZIVLJE U KLAIĆEVIM RJEČNICIMA STRANIH RIJEČI.
- Author
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Kereković, Snježana
- Abstract
The paper deals with the technical terms that can be found in the first four editions of the Dictionary of Foreign Words, Phrases and Abbreviations (Rječnik stranih riječi, izraza i kratica) by adolf Bratoljub Klaić published between 1951 and 1966, which were written and prepared for publication by the author himself. Definitions and/or explanations of technical terms are analysed to find out how sometimes complex concepts related to engineering and mechanical engineering in particular are explained to the average reader. Further, the comparison between the dictionary entry organisation in the first and in the second edition shows that Klaić improved the entries by having added information to the second edition both in relation to the content (meaning) and the language (information about accents, some grammar and orthography information). Several examples of terms related to the field of materials, subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, illustrate how Klaić was dealing with these, at that time newly created, technical terms in every subsequent edition. Finally, the paper considers examples of numerous technical germanisms used by engineers in their everyday communication as well as the fact that abbreviations of chemical elements and units of measurement are included whereas technical acronyms are not included in the Dictionary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
16. GERMANIZMI U RJEČNIKU STRANIH RIJEČI BRATOLJUBA KLAIĆA.
- Author
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Novak, Kristian and Golub, Barbara Štebih
- Abstract
In der vorliegenden arbeit wurden Germanismen in mehreren ausgaben von Bratoljub Klaićs Rječnik stranih riječi analysiert. Es wurde festgestellt, dass ihre anzahl, ausgenommen der ersten ausgabe aus 1975, nur wenig variiert, genauso wie die etymologischen Angaben. Unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Sprachkontaktforschung sind aber die etymologischen Angaben im Wörterbuch unzureichend, weil keine diatopische und diastratische Differenzierung der modele gemacht wird, genauso wie es nicht zwischen entlentnen Wörtern und durch Germanismen motivierten kroatischen Wörtern unterschieden wird. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
17. Germanisms in Contemporary Croatian Standard Language
- Author
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Tonković, Dominik and Rišner, Vlasta
- Subjects
Veliki rječnik hrvatskoga standardnog jezika ,germanizmi ,suvremeni hrvatski jezik ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Kroatistika ,posuđenice ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Croatian Studies - Abstract
Hrvatski i njemački jezik nerijetko su dolazili u neposredni kontakt. Razlog tomu bile su povijesne, društvene i političke okolnosti. Kao posljedica takve situacije govornici su se kroz povijest na hrvatskom području počeli koristiti i njemačkim jezikom te tako postupno dovodili njemački leksik u hrvatski svakodnevni govor. Cilj je ovog diplomskog rada prikazati položaj njemačkih posuđenica u suvremenom hrvatskom standardnom jeziku. Germanizmi se, kao riječi preuzete iz njemačkog leksika uz prilagodbu hrvatskom jeziku, u znanstvenoj literaturi opisuju na različitim jezičnim razinama; prije svega morfološkoj, sintaktičkoj i semantičkoj, ali i fonološkoj, fonetskoj i leksikološkoj. U ovom se radu germanizmi definiraju, navodi se popis posuđenica upotrebljavanih u suvremenom hrvatskom jeziku te se istražuje njihova pojava u Velikom rječniku hrvatskog standardnog jezika. U rječniku se provjerava podrijetlo germanizama navedenih u radu i njihov status posuđenice. Rezultati pokazuju koliko je riječi navedenih kao germanizmi u opisanim znanstvenim člancima u rječniku zapisano i označeno kao germanizmi, kao posuđenice iz drugih jezika te kao germanizmi nastali posredništvom drugih jezika. Navode se i riječi te izrazi koji su u znanstvenoj literaturi zabilježeni kao germanizmi, a u rječniku se ne nalaze.
- Published
- 2020
18. Germanizmi u hrvatskom i slovačkom jeziku
- Author
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Rušin, Filip and Krpan, Tomislav
- Subjects
slovački jezik ,jezična analiza ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology ,Croatian ,linguistic analysi ,Germanisms ,germanizmi ,loanwords ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija ,hrvatski jezik ,posuđenice ,Slovak - Abstract
Tijekom svoje povijesti jezik se razvija, mijenja i oblikuje pod različitim utjecajima. Kao rezultat različitih gospodarskih, političkih i kulturnih dodira te utjecaja u srednjoj i jugoistočnoj Europi na slavensko govorno područje, izuzetno velik utjecaj imala je njemačka kultura i njemački jezik. U kojoj mjeri je došlo do zastupljenosti germanizmima, posuđenica iz njemačkoga jezika, koje se koriste u hrvatskom i slovačkom jeziku, utvrdit ćemo u ovome završnome radu. Pomoću literature na hrvatskom, njemačkom i slovačkom jeziku te provedenog upitnika istražit ćemo učestalost korištenja germanizama u već navedenim jezicima te samim time doći do rezultata koji pokazuju postoje li određene sličnosti i razlike u njihovoj uporabi, s obzirom na zemljopisnu udaljenost dviju zemalja. Cilj provedenog istraživanja je utvrditi kvantitativnu zastupljenost uporabe posuđenica iz njemačkoga jezika te odrediti te posuđenice s obzirom na njihova pripadajuća semantička polja. Throughout its history, language evolves, changes and is shaped under various influences. As a result of different economic, political and cultural touchpoints and influences in the middle and the southeastern Europe, one great influence on Slavic languages speaking territories has been the German language and German culture. In this paper, it will be established to what extent there is a representation of Germanisms or words borrowed from the German language, in use in both Slovak and Croatian languages. Using literature in Croatian, Slovak and German, as well as a questionnaire, the frequency of Germanism use in the languages already mentioned will be investigated, which will lead to results showing whether there are certain similarities and differences in their use, given the geographical distance between the countries. The aim of this research is to establish the quantitative representation of the use of loanwords from the German language and to determine those loanwords with respect to their associated semantic fields.
- Published
- 2020
19. Germanizmi u mjesnom govoru Kostrene
- Author
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Stojić, Aneta, Stojić, Mladen, and Vranić, Silvana
- Subjects
germanizmi ,mjesni govor Kostrene ,hrvatsko-njemački jezični dodiri - Abstract
Hrvatsko-njemački jezični dodiri rezultirali su velikim brojem germanizama u hrvatskom jeziku i njegovim narječjima. Njihova prostorna raslojenost razlikuje se: veći broj utvrđen je u govorima kontinentalne Hrvatske, osobito u sjevernom dijelu te u govoru grada Zagreba, dok je manji broj utvrđen u govorima hrvatskoga priobalja. Ovo je izlaganje posvećeno germanizmima u mjesnome govoru Kostrene. Razmatrat će se sociolingvistički kontekst koji je omogućio njihovo postojanje, način njihovog utvrđivanja kao i njihova jezična prilagodba. Cilj je rada rasvijetliti utjecaj njemačkoga jezika na mjesni govor Kostrene.
- Published
- 2020
20. Jezična analiza rukopisa Licitancija
- Author
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Stokić, Maja and Malnar Jurišić, Marija
- Subjects
manuscript ,dialectal analysis ,dijalektalna analiza ,20. century ,germanisms ,germanizmi ,onomastika ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Kroatistika ,onomastics ,rukopis ,20. stoljeće ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. Croatian Studies ,rukopis, 20. stoljeće, dijalektalna analiza, germanizmi, onomastika - Abstract
Cilj ovoga istraživačkoga znanstvenoga rada bio je prikazati detaljnu analizu kajkavskoga rukopisa Licitancija s početka 20. stoljeća, te pokušati doći do zaključka radi li se o književnoj tvorevini. Istraživanje je obuhvaćalo analizu na fonološkoj i morfološkoj razini. U radu je prikazana fonološka i morfološka analiza germanizama ekscerpiranih iz rukopisa, a jedno je poglavlje posvećeno i analizi prezimena koja se spominju u tekstu. Na temelju analize jezika, kao i književnoga dijela teksta, koji obuhvaća prozne dijelove i dijelove u stihovima, uočena je svijest zapisivača o onome što zapisuje. Ona je vidljiva u previranju bilježenja afrikata č i ć, refleksa jata, slogotvornoga r te izoliranom primjeru akanja u riječi pandelek. Nedosljednost se može uočiti i u bilježenju protetskoga v-, previranju u čuvanju i ispadanju v ispred s, kao i u bilježenju obezvučivanja u samo tri potvrde, bilježenju vokativa, upitno-odnosne i lične zamjenice, te u korištenju pojedinih riječi u pjesmama koje nisu karakteristične za kajkavštinu. The aim of this scientific research was to present detail analysis of manuscript Licitancija from the beginning of 20th century and try to conclude whether it is literary creation. The research included phonological and morphological analysis, as well as phonological and morphological analysis of germanisms excerpted from the manuscript. One chapter was dedicated to analysis of surnames mentioned in the text. Based on language analysis, as well as literary parts of text, which consists of parts in prose and verses, the awareness of the recorder was noticed. It can be seen in turmoil of writing afrricates č and ć, reflax ě, vowel r and isolated example of word pandelek. Inconsistency can be seen in writting prosthetic v-, prolapse of v- in front of s, writting muting the final consonant in only three examples, vocative, interrogative-relative and personal pronoun and usage of uncharacteristic words.
- Published
- 2020
21. Germanizmi u hrvatskim govorima
- Author
-
Stojić, Aneta
- Subjects
germanizmi ,hrvatski jezik ,rječnik - Abstract
Rječnik germanizama hrvatskih govra donosi germanizme utvrđene u govorima diljem Republike Hrvatske pri čemu se navodi utvrđeni oblik, morfološke značajke i značenje potvrđeno u korištenim znanstvenim radovima, u rječnicima mjesnih govora u Republici Hrvatskoj te dodatnim provjerama kod govornika raznih mjesnih govora diljem Hrvatske. Sadrži 5372 natuknice njemačkih posuđenica u hrvatskim govorima koje su prezentirane abecednim redom radi jednostavnoga i lakšega pronalaženja tražene riječi.
- Published
- 2020
22. Nemške izposojenke v Pleteršnikovem Slovensko-nemškem slovarju (1894–1895)
- Author
-
Irena OREL
- Subjects
slovenščina ,zgodovina slovenskega jezika ,besedoslovje ,slovarji ,izposojenke ,germanizmi ,Literature (General) ,PN1-6790 ,Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages ,PG1-9665 - Abstract
V prispevku bodo osvetljena uredniška merila do prevzemanja besed v Pleteršnikovem slovarju, kakor se izkazujejo v jezikovnih oznakah in v številskem razmerju med posameznimi skupinami jezikov. Posebej bosta ugotovljeni navedba, številsko razmerje in razčlenjena raba izposojenk iz nemškega jezika na omjenem gradivu (črke b, j, ž), ki jih je Pleteršnik navajal v slovarju kljub tedanjemu splošnemu odklonilnemu odnosu do prevzetih besed germanskega izvora. Raba iztočnic z nemško jezikovno oznako bo primerjana tudi s Trubarjevimi germanizmi iz Katekizma 1550, navedenimi v raypravi J. Toporišiča o besednih germanizmih v Trubarjevem Cathechismusu.
- Published
- 2007
23. SEMANTIČKE PROMJENE GERMANIZAMA NAKON INTEGRACIJE U BOSANSKI JEZIK.
- Author
-
Burnić, Hatidže
- Subjects
- *
BOSNIAN language , *GERMAN language , *NEWSPAPERS , *SEMANTICS , *LINGUISTICS - Abstract
This paper will present the results of research of Germanisms used in the language of the most widely read newspapers in Bosnian-speaking region of Bosnian Krajina. These are the daily newspaper "Dnevni Avaz" and weekly local newspapers "Krajina", "Moja Sana" and "Reprezent" (published in the period 2008-2011). The study was conducted on 6730 extracted Germanisms. The integration process of foreign words into Bosnian language can be analyzed from different aspects. Word that is lent becomes a model which gets replicated in the language of the recipient. Replica must be adapted to the linguistic system to which it is introduced. It adapts to different language levels. This paper will show the adjustment of Germanisms on the semantic level. The main objective of this paper is to determine the semantic changes through which the loanwords from German language pass after integration into the system of Bosnian language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
24. GERMANIZMI U ŠTOKAVSKIM IKAVSKIM GOVORIMA GORSKOGA KOTARA.
- Author
-
Crnić, Mirjana and Macan, Željka
- Published
- 2011
25. Morfološka adaptacija posuđenica.
- Author
-
Štebih, Barbara
- Subjects
MORPHOLOGY (Grammar) ,LOANWORDS ,WORD formation (Grammar) ,GERMAN language ,KAJKAVIAN literature ,KAJKAVIAN dialect - Abstract
Copyright of Suvremena Lingvistika is the property of Suvremena Lingvistika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
26. Alltäglicher Gebrauch von Germanismen im Dialekt der Region Zasavje / Vsakdanja raba germanizmov v zasavskem dialektu
- Author
-
Štrovs, Nika and Valenčič Arh, Urška
- Subjects
Slovenian ,nemščina ,dialekt ,Germanisms ,germanizmi ,slovenščina ,Zasavje ,German ,Dialect - Abstract
Naslov tega diplomskega dela je Vsakdanja raba germanizmov v zasavskem dialektu. Natančneje sem izbrala 25 germanizmov z različnih področij, ki sem jih najprej teoretično predstavila na podlagi izvora in pomena tako v nemškem jeziku kot tudi v dialektu. S pomočjo vprašalnika sem kasneje izvedla anketo o poznavanju in pogostosti uporabe izbranih germanizmov. Rezultate sem na koncu analizirala in med seboj primerjala, hkrati pa tudi potrdila in ovrgla že vnaprej določene teze. The title of this thesis is Everyday Use of Germanisms in the Zasavje Region Dialect. 25 germanisms were selected from different areas of everyday life, which were at first theoretically described based on the origin and meaning, both in the German language and in the dialect of Zasavje. With help from a questionnaire a survey on knowledge and frequency of the use of selected germanisms was carried out. The results were later analyzed and compared, on top of that the predefined theses were confirmed or debunked.
- Published
- 2019
27. Emotionalität in kajkawischen Phraseologismen mit Germanismen
- Author
-
Maček, Matija and Pavić Pintarić, Anita
- Subjects
emocionalnost ,emotionality ,evaluation ,Bewertung, Emotionalität, kajkawische Phraseologismen, Germanismen ,germanizmi ,kajkavian phrasemes ,kajkawische Phraseologismen ,HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology ,evaluacija ,Germanisms ,Emotionalität ,Bewertung ,kajkavski frazemi ,Germanismen - Abstract
Das Ziel dieser Diplomarbeit auf der ersten Ebene war es, die Kenntnis über die Bedeutung der kajkawischen Phraseologismen mit Germanismen sowie ihre Verwendung bei Dritt- und Viertklässlern der Mittelschule in Krapina zu überprüfen. Auf der zweiten Ebene wollte mittels dieser Diplomarbeit Einblick in die Wahrnehmung von Emotionen in Bezug auf die 10 ausgewählten kajkawischen Phraseologismen gegeben werden. Zwecks der Untersuchung wurde eine Umfrage erstellt, an der 41 Befragte teilnahmen. Anhand der eingesammelten Resultate wurde gesehen, dass die Mehrheit der Befragten die meisten Phraseologismen weder kennt noch in der Kommunikation verwendet. Die Befragten tendieren dazu, die untersuchten Phraseologismen aus Spaß und Gewohnheit zu benutzen, während sie die Phraseologismen vermeiden, weil sie ihre Bedeutung nicht kennen oder sie als unpopulär einstufen. Besonders schwierig war es für die Befragten, den Kontext für die Phraseologismen zu gestalten. Die meisten Phraseologismen werden im Gespräch mit den Freunden und in entspannten Situationen sowie Stimmungen benutzt. Die Befragten vermeiden die Phraseologismen in der Kommunikation mit den Professoren und in angespannten, nervösen sowie formalen Situationen und Stimmungen. Von den positiven Emotionen werden von den Befragten bezüglich der Phraseologismen am meisten Freude und Lebhaftigkeit angeführt, während bei den negativen Emotionen Wut und Zorn Spitzenreiter sind. Die große Mehrheit der Befragten bevorzugt die standardsprachlichen Ausdrücke über den kajkawischen Phraseologismen zu verwenden. Zwischen den zwei Gruppen, in die die Befragten nach Verwendung des Dialekts und dem Wohnort geteilt wurden, wurden keine signifikanten Unterschiede bemerkt. Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je na prvoj razini utvrditi poznavanje te korištenje kajkavskih frazema s germanizmima kod učenika 3. i 4. razreda u Srednjoj školi Krapina. Na drugoj se razini kroz ovaj diplomski rad htio dati uvid u poimanje emocija u okviru 10 izabranih frazema. Za potrebe istraživanja sastavljen je anketni upitnik, kojem se podvrgnuo 41 ispitanik. Istraživanje je pokazalo, da je većina navedenih frazema ispitanicima nepoznata te da ih ispitanici ne koriste. Većina ispitanika ima tendenciju navedene frazeme koristiti iz zabave ili navike, dok ih izbjegava zbog nepoznavanja značenja frazema te zbog njihove nepopularnosti. Za ispitanike je bilo teško navedene frazeme staviti u kontekst neke rečenice. Većinu frazema ispitanici koriste u razgovoru s prijateljima te u opuštenim situacijama i atmosferama. S druge pak strane frazeme ne koriste u razgovoru sa profesorima te u napetim, nervoznim i formalnim situacijama i atmosferama. Kada je riječ o emocijama koje ispitanici vežu uz ponuđene kajkavske frazeme s germanizmima, kao one pozitivne najviše se javljaju radost i živahnost, dok se od negativnih emocija najviše javljaju ljutnja i bijes. Velika većina ispitanika je navela, kako u komunikaciji preferira standardi izraz, a ne kajkavski frazem. U okviru grupa, u koje su ispitanici podijeljeni prema korištenju dijalekta te mjestu prebivanja, nisu ustanovljenje značajne razlike. The aim of this thesis was on the first level to research the knowledge and usage of kajkavian phrasemes containing Germanisms on the part of third and fourth grade students of the Krapina Highschool. The objective of this thesis on the second level was to provide an insight into the perception of emotions regarding the 10 selected phrasemes. Fort he purpose of the research a survey was prepared in wich 41 respondents took part. The analysis of the results showed that the majority of the phrasemes is unknown to the respondents and that it is not used by the respondents either. The majority of the respondents use the phrasemes for fun and out of habit, while they avoid the phrasemes because of the lack of knowledge regarding their meaning or becuase the phrasemes are classified as unpopular. It was particularly difficult for the respondents to create the context with the listed phrasemes. The majority of the phrasemes is used in the communication with friends and in relaxed situations and atmosphere, while the respondents tend to avoid the phrasemes in communication with their teachers as in stressed, nervous and formal situations and atmosphere. When it comes to emotions which the respondents are connecting to the phrasemes containing Germanisms, in most of the cases cheer and buoyancy are indicated as positive, while anger and fury are indicated as negative. The majority of the respondents in the communication claims to use the standard variety of the expression and not the kajkavian phraseme. No significant differences were noticed regarding the two groups in which the respondents were divided according to the usage of the dialect and the place of the residence.
- Published
- 2019
28. Nenad Memić: Rječnik germanizama i austrijacizama u bosanskome jeziku. Sarajevo: Connectum, 2014., 285 stranica (ISBN 978-9958-29-059-6)
- Author
-
Puškar, Krunoslav
- Subjects
dictionaries ,udc:811.163.4(497.6)'373.45(049.3) ,bosanščina ,ocene in poročila ,Germanisms ,Nenid Memić ,Rječnik germanizama i austrijacizama u bosanskome jeziku ,reviews and reports ,germanizmi ,slovarji ,Bosnian - Published
- 2018
29. FIUMAN IDIOM ON THE PLATE.Etymological and Lexicological Analysis of Fiuman Culinary Terminology
- Author
-
Nina Spicijarić Paškvan
- Subjects
Fiuman ,cooked food ,culinary art ,Romanisms ,Slavisms ,Germanisms ,Hungarisms ,fijumanski ,kuhana jela ,kulinarstvo ,romanizmi ,slavizmi ,germanizmi ,hungarizmi - Abstract
Cilj je u ovome radu popisati te etimološki i leksikološki obraditi lekseme kojima se imenuju kuhana, tj. termički obrađena jela u fijumanskom idiomu. Budući da se u kulinarstvu odražava kultura i tradicija određenoga kraja, a jezik je odraz izvanjezične stvarnosti, polazi se od hipoteze da će u dobivenoj građi biti zastupljeni svi jezični slojevi prisutni u gradu Rijeci tijekom povijesti. Pritom se misli na slavenski, germanski, mađarski i romanski sloj. Građa je prikupljena ispitivanjem izvornih govornika uz pomoć prethodno pripremljenoga upitnika., The objective of the paper is to list, as well as etymologically and lexicologically analyse lexemes describing cooked, i.e. thermally processed food in the Fiuman idiom. Since local culture and tradition are reflected in the culinary art, and language is the reflection of extra-linguistic reality, the hypothesis is that the material studied includes all language layers that have been present in Rijeka in the course of history – more precisely Slavic, German, Hungarian and Roman ones. The material has been collected by the means of interviews conducted with native speakers with the help of a questionnaire prepared in advance.
- Published
- 2018
30. FIJUMANSKI NA TANJURU. Etimološka i leksikološka analiza fijumanskoga kulinarskog nazivlja
- Author
-
Spicijarić Paškvan, Nina
- Subjects
fijumanski ,kuhana jela ,kulinarstvo ,romanizmi ,slavizmi ,germanizmi ,hungarizmi - Abstract
Cilj je u ovome radu popisati te etimološki i leksikološki obraditi lekseme kojima se imenuju kuhana, tj. termički obrađena jela u fijumanskom idiomu. Budući da se u kulinarstvu odražava kultura i tradicija određenoga kraja, a jezik je odraz izvanjezične stvarnosti, polazi se od hipoteze da će u dobivenoj građi biti zastupljeni svi jezični slojevi prisutni u gradu Rijeci tijekom povijesti. Pritom se misli na slavenski, germanski, mađarski i romanski sloj. Građa je prikupljena ispitivanjem izvornih govornika uz pomoć prethodno pripremljenoga upitnika.
- Published
- 2018
31. Raba novih germanizmov na internetu
- Author
-
Zajec, Valentina and Lipavic Oštir, Alja
- Subjects
mediji ,neue Germanismen ,Internet ,raziskava jezikovnih stikov ,Sprachkontaktforschung ,Medien ,udc:811.163.6'373.45:004.738.5(043.2) ,germanizmi ,Germanismen ,Sprachkontakt Deutsch-Slowenisch ,jezikovni stik nemščina-slovenščina ,novi germanizmi - Abstract
Die deutsche Sprache hatte und hat in der heutigen Zeit immer noch einen großen Einfluss auf dem slowenischen Gebiet. Dies beweisen etliche Germanismen, die in der Substandardsprache und Dialekten, aber auch in der Standardsprache vorhanden sind, doch die Slowenen sind sich dessen nicht bewusst, da sie durch die jahrhundertelange Verwendung diese Germanismen als Eigen übernommen haben. Ziel der Diplomarbeit Gebrauch neuer Germanismen im Internet, war es die Häufigkeit des Auftretens neuer Germanismen im Internet herauszufinden und welche Schreibweisen des jeweiligen Germanismus im Internet auftreten. Die Häufigkeit ist von jedem einzelnen abhängig, denn wir können nicht sagen, dass Germanismen aus dem Gebiet Auto häufiger auftreten, als die aus dem Gebiet Haushalt. Neben der deskriptiven und historischen Methode, mithilfe derer der Transfer, die Sprachkontakte zwischen Slowenisch und Deutsch und die Entwicklung der Medien beschrieben wurden, wurde auch die Methode der Klassifikation verwendet, mit der die Germanismen nach ihrer Semantik in verschiedene Gruppen aufgeteilt wurden. In die Studie wurden 15 neue Germanismen, Wörter die in der slowenischen Sprache in den letzten vierzig Jahren erschienen sind, einbezogen. Basierend auf der Studie wurde festgestellt, dass einige Germanismen häufiger auftreten, sich ihre schriftliche Tradition aber noch nicht entwickelt hat, trotzdem sind aber Differenzen zwischen den verschiedenen Schreibweisen zu erkennen. Einige Germanismen kommen im Internet aber viel seltener vor, was auch zu der Annahme führen kann, dass sie nur zufällig verwendet werden, da die Trefferzahlen sehr niedrig sind. Nemščina je imela in še ima v današnjem času na slovenskem območju velik vpliv. To dokazujejo številni germanizmi, ki jih opazimo v pogovornem jeziku ali narečjih, seveda pa so germanizmi prisotni tudi v knjižnem jeziku, vendar se Slovenci tega ne zavedamo, saj smo jih zaradi večstoletne uporabe že prevzeli kot svoje. Namen diplomskega dela z naslovom Raba novih germanizmov na internetu je bil ugotoviti pogostost pojavljanja novih germanizmov na internetu in kakšne oblike zapisa posameznega germanizma se na internetu pojavijo. Pogostost le-teh je tudi odvisna od vsake besede posebej, tako ne moremo reči, da se germanizmi s področja avtomobilizma pojavljajo pogosteje kot germanizmi s področja gospodinjstva. Poleg deskriptivne in zgodovinske metode, s pomočjo katerih so opisani transfer besed, jezikovni stiki med slovenščino in nemščino ter nastanek medijev, je bila uporabljena tudi metoda klasifikacije, s katero so bili germanizmi razvrščeni v različne semantične skupine. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 15 novih germanizmov, besed, ki so se v slovenskem jeziku pojavile v zadnjih štiridesetih letih. Na podlagi te raziskave je bilo ugotovljeno, da se nekateri germanizmi pojavljajo večkrat, vendar se njihova pisna tradicija ni popolnoma razvila, kljub temu pa so opazne razlike v pojavljanju med različnimi oblikami zapisa. Nekatere germanizme pa opazimo na internetu veliko redkeje, kjer je tudi možno, da se pojavijo zgolj naključno, saj so zadetki zelo nizki.
- Published
- 2017
32. Germanisms in idioms included in the dictionary of Slovene literary language (SSKJ) from M to P
- Author
-
Stramljič Breznik, Irena
- Subjects
frazeologija ,Slovene language ,Germanisms ,udc:811.163.6'373 ,leksikologija ,frazemi ,lexicology ,germanizmi ,idioms ,slovenščina ,phraseology ,dictionary - Abstract
Prispevek obravnava v Slovar slovenskega knjižnega jezika sprejete germanizme od M do P, ki so hkrati tudi frazemske sestavine. S pomočjo referenčnega korpusa Fidaplus se ugotavlja živost takih frazemov v sodobni rabi in posledično odgovarja na vprašanje, koliko in katere tovrstne frazeme je smiselno upoštevati tudi v novi izdaji slovarja slovenskega jezika. This article examines the Germanisms included in the Dictionary of Slovene Literary Language (SSKJ) from M to P which are also idiom ingredients. With the support of the reference corpus Fidaplus, presence in contemporary use is stated, and, consequently, answers to the questions how many and what kind of idioms would be reasonable to take into account in the new issue of the Dictionary of Slovene are suggested.
- Published
- 2017
33. Technical Terms in the Dictionaries of Foreign Words by A. B. Klaić
- Author
-
Snježana Kereković
- Subjects
ddc:490 ,lcsh:Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages ,lcsh:PG1-9665 ,lexicography ,Adolf Bratoljub Klaić ,Rječnik stranih riječi, izraza i kratica (Dictionary of Foreign Words, Phrases and Abbreviations) ,dictionary entry ,definitions ,germanisms ,acronyms ,dictionary entry definitions germanisms acronyms ,Rječnik stranih riječi, izraza i kratica ,leksikografija ,rječnički članak ,definicije ,germanizmi ,pokrate - Abstract
U radu se daje prikaz tehničkih odnosno strojarskih naziva u prvim četirima izdanjima Rječnika stranih riječi koje je sastavio i priredio sâm Klaić. Analiza uključuje način definiranja pojma, leksikografsku obradu rječničkoga članka kao i osvrt na dopunjavanje novim natuknicama u svakome od četiriju izdanja Rječnika. U radu se donose i primjeri strojarskih germanizama kako su popisani u Klaićevu Rječniku te osvrt na kratice i pokrate kao važno obilježje tehničkoga jezika., The paper deals with the technical terms that can be found in the first four editions of the Dictionary of Foreign Words, Phrases and Abbreviations (Rječnik stranih riječi, izraza i kratica) by Adolf Bratoljub Klaić published between 1951 and 1966, which were written and prepared for publication by the author himself. Definitions and/or explanations of technical terms are analysed to find out how sometimes complex concepts related to engineering and mechanical engineering in particular are explained to the average reader. Further, the comparison between the dictionary entry organisation in the first and in the second edition shows that Klaić improved the entries by having added information to the second edition both in relation to the content (meaning) and the language (information about accents, some grammar and orthography information). Several examples of terms related to the field of materials, subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, illustrate how Klaić was dealing with these, at that time newly created, technical terms in every subsequent edition. Finally, the paper considers examples of numerous technical germanisms used by engineers in their everyday communication as well as the fact that abbreviations of chemical elements and units of measurement are included whereas technical acronyms are not included in the Dictionary.
- Published
- 2016
34. Germanismen in Rječnik stranih riječi von Bratoljub Klaić
- Author
-
Štebih Golub, Barbara and Novak, Kristian
- Subjects
ddc:490 ,Rječnik stranih riječi ,Bratoljub Klaić ,germanizmi - Abstract
U radu se analiziraju germanizmi u nekoliko izdanja Rječnika stranih riječi Bratoljuba Klaića s nekoliko gledišta: a) što se uopće smatra germanizmom i tako označuje; b) donose li se i označuju li se kao germanizmi i unutarjezične tvorenice motivirane germanizmima te donose li se kao zasebne natuknice ili unutar tvorbenih gnijezda; c) teži li se pri donošenju etimoloških odrednica preciznosti s obzirom na dijatopijsku i dijastratsku raslojenost germanizama; d) koliko su germanizmi zastupljeni u pojedinim izdanjima rječnika. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden Germanismen in mehreren Ausgaben von Bratoljub Klaićs Rječnik stranih riječi analysiert. Es wurde festgestellt, dass ihre Anzahl, ausgenommen der ersten Ausgabe aus 1975, nur wenig variiert, genauso wie die etymologischen Angaben. Unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Sprachkontaktforschung sind aber die etymologischen Angaben im Wörterbuch unzureichend, weil keine diatopische und diastratische Differenzierung der Modele gemacht wird, genauso wie es nicht zwischen entlentnen Wörtern und durch Germanismen motivierten kroatischen Wörtern unterschieden wird.
- Published
- 2016
35. DEUTSCHE UND SLOWENISCHE SPRACHE IN MARIBOR IN DER ERSTEN HÄLFTE DES 20. JAHRHUNDERTS
- Author
-
Blažič, Katja and Lipavic Oštir, Alja
- Subjects
20. Jahrhundert [SCHLÜSSELWÖRTER] ,Kulturbild ,germanizmi ,20. Stoletje ,nacionalna struktura šolarjev ,Nationalität der Schüler ,mariborska nemščina ,Sprachkontakt ,šolstvo ,Schulwesen ,Jezikovni otok ,Mariborer Deutsch ,Kulturna slika ,udc:811.112.2ʼ27(497.4Maribor)"19" (043.2) ,Jezikovni stik ,Sprachinseln ,Germanismen - Abstract
V prvi polovici 20. Stoletja, je bil slovenski prostor del Avstro - ogrske Monarhije. Mesto Maribor je bilo del večnacionalne države, v kateri so imeli nemški prebivalci velik vpliv na vsakdanje življenje. S propadom monarhije leta 1918, je prišlo do velikih sprememb v samem mestu. Kljub temu, pa je Maribor ostal še naprej nemški jezikovni otok. Vpliv nemškega prebivalstva v Mariboru se je kazal tako v vsakdanjih stvareh, kot tudi v kulturni sliki mesta in v šolstvu. Nemški jezik je bil vsakodnevni, pomemben del življenja v mestu Maribor. Zaradi vzajemnega odnosa med slovenskim in nemškim jezikom, se je razvila t. i . mariborska nemščina. Danes v Mariboru ne najdemo več prebivalca, ki bi še znal govoriti staro mariborsko nemščino. Zaradi zgodovinskega ozadja mesta in močne germanizacije na tem območju, je v mariborskem pogovornem jeziku še danes opaziti zelo veliko germanizmov. V praktičnem delu diplomske naloge, je na podlagi analiz starih šolskih kronik prikazano, kako se je spreminjala nacionalna struktura šolarjev na različnih šolah v Mariboru. In der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts war der slowenische Raum ein Teil der Österreichisch–Ungarischen Monarchie. Die Stadt Maribor gehörte zu einem Vielvölkerstaat, in dem der Einfluss der deutschen Bürger auf allen Gebieten zu fühlen war. Mit dem Zerfall der Monarchie im Jahr 1918 kam es in der Stadt Maribor zu großen Veränderungen, sie blieb aber weiterhin eine deutsche Sprachinsel. Der Einfluss der deutschen Bewohner in Maribor zeigte sich sowohl in alltäglichen Dingen als auch im Kulturbild und im Schulwesen der Stadt. Die deutsche Sprache war in Maribor ein alltäglicher und wichtiger Bestandteil des Lebens. Wegen der wechselseitigen Beziehung zwischen der deutschen und slowenischen Sprache kam es zur Entwicklung des Mariborer Deutsch. Heute gibt es keine Bewohner mehr, die das alte Mariborer Deutsch noch sprechen würden. Wegen des historischen Hintergrunds und der starken Germanisierung auf diesem Gebiet sind auch heute in der Mariborer Umgangssprache noch viele Germanismen zu finden. Im empirischen Teil der Diplomarbeit wird durch die Analysen der alten Schulchroniken dargestellt, wie sich die deutsche und slowenische Nationalität der Schüler in Maribor im Laufe der Jahre verändert hat.
- Published
- 2016
36. ANGLICISMS AND GERMANISMS IN THE SLOVENIAN ISSUE OF THE POPULAR SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL SCIENCE ILLUSTRATED
- Author
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Kokot, Anja and Kučiš, Vlasta
- Subjects
anglicizmi ,Anglicisms ,Science Illustrated ,prevzete besede ,Germanisms ,germanizmi ,loanwords ,udc:811.163.6'373.45=111=112.2(043.2) ,corpus Gigafida ,popular science ,poljudna znanost ,korpus Gigafida - Abstract
Namen diplomskega dela je bil raziskati germanizme in anglicizme v šestih slovenskih izdajah poljudnoznanstvene revije Science Illustrated iz leta 2014. Ugotoviti smo želeli, v kolikšni meri se je na področju poljudne znanosti prevzeto besedišče iz angleščine in nemščine ohranilo skozi čas. Prav tako so nas zanimali slovenski ekvivalentni izrazi germanizmov oziroma anglicizmov ter etimološki izvor besed. S pomočjo korpusa Gigafida smo želeli ugotoviti, kako pogosto se germanizmi in anglicizmi pojavljajo v stvarnih besedilih iz arhiva korpusa. V teoretičnem delu diplomske naloge smo se dotaknili pojma prevajanje, zgodovine prevajanja in najpomembnejših konceptov prevajalskih teorij, ki so bistveni pri prevajanju strokovnih besedil, kamor sodijo poljudnoznanstvena besedila. Prav tako smo se dotaknili stikov slovenščine z nemščino in angleščino skozi čas. Empirični del diplomske naloge je sestavljen iz analize germanizmov in anglicizmov iz omenjene revije. Ugotovili smo, da za večino anglicizmov in germanizmov v reviji ne obstaja slovenski ekvivalent, saj so v večini primerov v člankih že uporabljeni slovenski izrazi, kadar ti obstajajo. Kadar pa slovenska ustreznica ne obstaja, je uporabljen prevzeti izraz s podano razlago v slovenščini. Ugotovili smo tudi, da se izrazi najdeni v stvarnih besedilih iz arhiva korpusa Gigafida, pojavljajo bolj pogosto, če so del slovenskega knjižnega jezika. The purpose of the thesis is to examine Germanisms and Anglicisms in six Slovenian editions of the popular scientific journal Science Illustrated from 2014. We wanted to find out to what extent the vocabulary borrowed from English and German has been preserved in the area of popular science through time. Also, we were interested in Slovenian expressions equivalent to Germanisms and Anglicisms and the etymological origin of words. Using the Gigafida corpus we wanted to establish how often Germanisms and Anglicisms occur in literary non-fiction texts found in the corpus archive. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis we mention the concept of translation, the history of translation and the most important concepts of translation theories, which are essential in the translation of professional texts, which also covers popular science texts. Also, we make reference to the contacts of Slovenian language with German and English through time. The empirical part of the thesis contains the analysis of Germanisms and Anglicisms from the journal. We have determined that there is no Slovenian equivalent for the majority of Germanisms and Anglicisms in the journal, because Slovenian expressions, if they exist, have already been used in the majority of examples in the articles. But if there is no Slovenian equivalent, a borrowed expression is used and accompanied by an explanation in the Slovenian language. We have further determined that the expressions found in the literary non-fiction texts from the Gigafida corpus archive occur more often, if they are part of the Slovenian standard language.
- Published
- 2016
37. Gemanismen in Lenart v Slovenskih goricah mit der Umgebung
- Author
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Muršec, Polona and Lipavic Oštir, Alja
- Subjects
Slovenske gorice ,Sprachkontakt ,jezikovni stik ,prevzete besede ,germanizmi ,Lehnwörter ,Germanismen ,udc:811.163.6'373.45(043.2) ,Lenart - Abstract
Diplomska naloga se ukvarja z germanizmi v Lenartu v Slovenskih goricah oz. občini Lenart. Stoletja trajajoč jezikovni stik slovenskega in nemškega jezika je pustil svoj pečat tudi v narečju občine Lenart. Germanizmi so rezultat vpliva drugega jezika (nemškega) na prvi jezik (slovenski). Germanizirano je bilo predvsem besedišče (predvsem tisto, ki se navezuje na vsebino), torej besede, pomembne za komunikacijo. To so samostalniki, pridevniki in glagoli. Ker je vpliv nemškega jezika trajal dalj časa, je vplival tudi na druga strukturna področja jezikovnega stika. V teoretičnem delu je prikazano zgodovinsko ozadje in stik med Lenartčani in Nemci. Predstavljeno je tipično narečje na tem območju. Nato je tematiziran jezikovni stik z njegovimi vplivi. V empiričnem delu so obravnavani 104 vsakdanji, za Lenart značilni, germanizmi. S pomočjo ankete so bile ugotovljene razlike med njihovim poznavanjem in uporabo kot tudi poznavanje slovenskih knjižnih ustreznic h germanizmom. To bo obravnavano v povezavi s starostjo in spolom, z znanjem nemškega jezika ter glede na to, ali je nekdo stanoval večino življenja v Lenartu ali le krajši čas. Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit Germanismen in Lenart v Slovenskih goricah bzw. der Gemeinde Lenart. Jahrhundertelanger Sprachkontakt der slowenischen und deutschen Sprache hat auch im Dialekt der Gemeinde Lenart seine Spuren hinterlassen. Die Germanismen gelten als Resultat des Einflusses der Zweitsprache (Deutsch) auf die Erstsprache (Slowenisch). Insbesondere wurde die Lexik (dabei vor allem die Inhaltswörter) germanisiert. Das sind Wörter, die für die Kommunikation relevant sind: Substantive, Adjektive und Verben. Da der Einfluss der deutschen Sprache längere Zeit andauerte, wurden auch andere strukturelle Bereiche vom Sprachkontakt betroffen (Riehl, 2009, S. 34, 35). Im theoretischen Teil dieser Diplomarbeit wird der historische Hintergrund geschildert. Beschrieben wird der Kontakt zwischen den Bewohnern, die in Lenart und dessen Umgebung wohnen und den Deutschen. Vorgestellt wird auch der typische Dialekt für dieses Gebiet. Anschließend wird der Sprachkontakt mit seinen Auswirkungen thematisiert. Im empirischen Teil dieser Diplomarbeit werden 104 alltägliche Germanismen unter die Lupe genommen, die für Lenart typisch sind. Mit Hilfe einer Umfrage wurden Unterschiede in der Kenntnis und Verwendung der Germanismen festgestellt, sowie auch die Kenntnis der slowenischen standartsprachlichen Entsprechungen zu den Germanismen, und zwar in Bezug auf das Alter, das Geschlecht, darauf, wie lange jemand in Lenart wohnt bzw. wohnte, als auch in Bezug auf die Deutschkenntnis.
- Published
- 2016
38. GERMANISMEN IM OBEREN SAVINJA-TAL
- Author
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Brinjovc, Maja and Lipavic Oštir, Alja
- Subjects
Germanizmi ,dialekt ,Zgornja Savinjska dolina ,Germanismen ,udc:811.163.6'373.45(043.2) ,das Obere Savinja-Tal - Abstract
Slovenski in nemški jezik sta že več kot tisoč let v neprestanem kontaktu. V preteklosti so ta stik med jezikoma predstavljale nenehne politične in kulturne povezave. Seveda pa je velik vpliv predstavljala lega držav, mejna stičnost. Vse to je botrovalo k pojavu številnih germanizmov, ki so se skozi leta pojavili v slovenskem jeziku. Germanizmi se kažejo in uporabljajo v skoraj vseh regijah Slovenije. V mojem delu pa se bom osredotočila predvsem na vzhodni del Slovenije, in sicer na območje Savinjske doline. Severozahodni del Savinjske doline se stika z državo Avstrijo, od koder je tudi prišel vpliv nemškega jezika. Tako je na nastanek in oblikovanje našega maternega jezika je vplivala tudi sosednja država. Ravno iz teh razlogov v slovenščini še danes najdemo številne germanizme, ki jih uporabljamo v pogovorih. Savinjska dolina se deli na dve pokrajinski enoti, in sicer na Zgornjo ter Spodnjo Savinjsko dolino. Soteska pa je območje, soteska, ki to pokrajino deli na dva dela. V diplomskem delu se bom osredotočila na Zgornjo Savinjsko dolino, torej na področje od soteske Soteska in vse do kraja Solčava. Zanimal me bo vpliv nemškega jezika na to področje ter uporaba germanizmov na tem področju. Slovenski jezik pozna štirideset dialektov, ki se delijo v sedem narečnih skupin. Področje, ki ga bom opisala v svojem diplomskem delu, pa je področje Štajerske, ki je zelo obširno. Seveda se tudi tukaj germanizmi zelo pogosto uporabljajo. Ne samo da se uporabljajo vsakodnevno med pogovori, njihova raba je vse pogostejša tudi v pisni obliki, kar je vidno predvsem med mlajšimi generacijami. Seveda pa je ta raba germanizmov med deklicami in dečki vezana na rabo med starejšimi generacijami. Kakor so torej otroci slišali govoriti svoje starše in stare starše, tako bodo govorili in takšne besede bodo uporabljali tudi sami. Cilj mojega diplomskega dela je bil ugotoviti, kako pogosta je uporaba germanizmov med otroki v osnovni šoli. Zanimalo me je, ali se pojavljajo razlike v prepoznavanju germanizmov med deklicami in dečki. Kot zadnje pa me je zanimalo, ali otroci poznajo slovenske prevode za izbrane germanizme. Die slowenische und deutsche Sprache stehen schon seit Jahrhunderten im ständigen Kontakt. In der Vergangenheit war der Einfluss der deutschen Sprache politisch, kulturell und auch wegen ihrer grenzlicher Nähe sehr groß. Die Resultate dieser Kontakte in unserer Sprache sind zahlreiche Germanismen, die meistens dialektal gebraucht werden. Germanismen sind mehr oder weniger in allen Regionen Sloweniens sichtbar. In meiner Diplomarbeit widme ich mich dem östlichen Teil Sloweniens, dem Savinja-Tal. An der nordwestlichen Seite grenzt die Region Savinja-Tal an Österreich, woher auch zahlreiche Einflüsse der deutschen Sprache gekommen sind. Aber die Entstehung und Entwicklung unserer Muttersprache hat auch die grenzliche Nähe beeinflusst. So sind auch verschiedene Germanismen in den Gebrauch gekommen. Savinja-Tal teilt sich in zwei landschaftliche Einheiten, genauer an Oberes und Unteres Savinja-Tal, die Grenze zwischen diesen zwei Teilen des Tales stellt die Schlucht Soteska dar. In meiner Diplomarbeit fokussiere ich mich an die Einflüsse der deutschen Sprache und an den Gebrauch von Germanismen im Oberen Savinja-Tal, von der Schlucht Soteska bis zum Ort Solčava. Die slowenische Sprache kennt über vierzig Dialekte. Diese lassen sich in sieben Gruppen zusammenfassen. Die Umgebung, die ich bearbeiten werde, gehört zur Steiermarkdialektgruppe, die sehr umfangreich ist. So wie in anderen Dialektgruppen ist der Gebrauch von Germanismen auch in dieser Region keine Ausnahme. Der Gebrauch ist täglich, nicht nur mündlich aber auch schriftlich, was auch bei jüngeren Generationen sichtbar ist. Weil die älteren Generationen beim Komunizieren ständigen und regelmäßig Germanismen verwendet, komunizieren auch jüngere Generationen auf die gleiche Art und Weise. So ist es unmöglich, dass diese Ausdrücke (Germanismen) nicht im Gebrach von Jugendlichen bleiben. Der Ziel meiner Diplomarbeit war herauszufinden, wie häufig Germanismen in der Sprache der Jugendlichen in den Grundschulen noch benutzt werden. Ich möchte herausfinden, ob es Unterschiede zwischen Mädchen und Jungen im Gebrauch von gewählten Germanismen gibt. Als Letztes möchte ich wissen, ob die Jugendlichen slowenische Ausdrücke für die gewählten Germanismen kennen.
- Published
- 2016
39. German loanwords in Dalmatian language in Faust Vrančić's 'dictionary'
- Author
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Gecan, Martina and Pavić Pintarić, Anita
- Subjects
HUMANISTIČKE ZNANOSTI. Filologija. Germanistika ,germanizmi ,HUMANISTIC SCIENCES. Philology. German Studies ,semantička adaptacija ,Germanismen, Lexikographie, dalmatinische Sprache, morphologische Anpassung, semantische Anpassung ,dalmatinski jezik ,morphological adaptation ,dalmatinische Sprache ,morfološka adaptacija ,morphologische Adaptation ,semantische Adaptation ,Lexikographie ,leksikografija ,Dalmatinan language ,lexicography ,German loanwords ,Germanismen ,semantic adaptation - Abstract
Die Folgen der langen gemeinsamen Geschichte zwischen dem deutschen und kroatischen Volk sind die Germanismen, die in unsere Sprache direkt oder indirekt übernommen wurden und die sich zur Ganze dem kroatischen lexikalischen System anpassten. Das Thema dieser Arbeit ist die Analyse der Germanismen in der dalmatinischen Sprache innerhalb des fünfsprachigen Wörterbuchs von Faust Vrančić. Da es hier um das erste kroatische Wörterbuch geht, stellt diese Untersuchung einen Beitrag der Erforschung unserer ältesten Germanismen dar. Der theoretische Teil der Arbeit befasst sich mit der Definition der Schlüsselbegrife, mit Vrančićs Leben und seinem Dictionar, während der zweite Teil das Korpus der Germanismen bearbeitet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden 30 Wörter, die aus der deutschen Sprache entlehnt wurden, untersucht und nach ihrer Herkunft und Bedeutung weiter unterteilt. Das Korpus besteht aus drei Wortarten: Nomen, Verben und Adjektive. Die meisten Germanismen aus Vrančićs Dictionar gehören zu Nomen. Mit Hilfe der Wörterbücher werden die wichtigsten Eigenschaften der Germanismen auf morphologischer und semantischer Ebene beschrieben. Es werden noch 11 Lehnübersetzungen beschrieben. The consenquences of a long common history of German and Croatian people are German loanwords which came into our language directly or indirectly and they fully adjusted to the Croatian lexical system. This master thesis aims to analyse the German loanwords in Dalmatian language found in the five-language dictionary written by Faust Vrančić. It is the first Croatian dictionary and this study presents a contribution to the research of our oldest German loanwords. The theoretical part of the work deals with fundamental concepts, Vrančić's life and his dictionary. The practical part deals with a corpus of 30 German loanwords. With regard to their origin and meaning they are divided into groups. The corpus consists of three word classes: nouns, verbs and adjectives, and most German loanwords in Vrančić's dictionary belong to nouns. The most important morphological and semantic characteristics of German loanwords have been identified. 11 calques were also determined. Posljedice duge zajedničke povijesti njemačkoga i hrvatskoga naroda su germanizmi koji su u naš jezik ušli direktno ili indirektno i u potpunosti se prigodili hrvatskom leksičkom sustavu. Tema ovog rada je analiza germanizama u dalmatinskom jeziku unutar petojezičnoga rječnika Fausta Vrančića. Budući da je riječ o prvom hrvatskom rječniku ovo istraţivanje predstavlja doprinos proučavanju naših najstarijih germanizama. Teoretski dio rada se bavi temeljnim pojmovima, Vrančićevim životom i njegovim rječnikom, a praktični dio obrađivanjem korpusa germanizama. U radu je utvrđeno 30 riječi, koje su posuđene iz njemačkog jezika te su opisane s obzirom na njihovo podrijetlo i značenje. Korpus se sastoji od tri vrste riječi: imenice, glagola i pridjeva, a većina germanizama iz Vrančićeva rječnika pripada imenicama. Pomoću rječnika su utvrđena najvažnija svojstva germanizama s obzirom na morfološko i semantičko područje. Utvrđeno je i 11 prevedenica s njemačkog jezika.
- Published
- 2016
40. O leksičkim osobitostima dvaju starih iločkih kulinarskih zapisa
- Author
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Vodopija, Irena, Smajić, Dubravka, Cerovski, Andrea, and Kos-Lajtman, Andrijana
- Subjects
Kulinarski leksik ,iločki govor ,germanizmi ,turcizmi ,hungarizmi ,mjesne inačice hrvatskoga kulinarskoga leksika - Abstract
Rad donosi prikaz iločkoga kulinarskoga leksika zapisanoga u dvjema starim iločkim kuharicama: u Kuvarki Barbare Klasanović iz 1896. godine i zbirci recepata Zorke Kovačić iz 40-ih godina prošloga stoljeća. Opisane su riječi i izrazi koji su u iločki govor ušli iz njemačkoga, turskoga i mađarskoga jezika, ili pak preko njih. Uzrok jezičnomu posuđivanju u tom mjesnom govoru bile su mnoge migracije stanovništva u iločkom kraju. Istaknute su fonološke, morfološke i sintaktičke inačice hrvatskoga kulinarskoga leksika u iločkom govoru.
- Published
- 2016
41. Hibridne složenice u kajkavskome književnom jeziku
- Author
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Štebih, Barbara
- Subjects
Sprachkontakt ,Kroatisch ,ddc:491 ,%22">Komposition ,Germanismus ,lcsh:Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages ,lcsh:PG1-9665 ,kajkavski književni jezik ,germanizmi ,hibridne složenice ,Kajkavisch - Abstract
U radu se analiziraju hibridne složenice – tvorenice sastavljene od germanizma i kajkavske riječi − u kajkavskome književnom jeziku. Istražuju se njihova čestotnost i struktura. Raspravlja se je li riječ o prevedenicama., In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Resultate der Untersuchung von hybriden Komposita - von einem kajkawischen und einem Germanismus motivierten Zusammensetzungen - in der kajkawischen Schriftsprache dargestellt. Es wird festgestellt, dass die meisten von ihenen Okkasionalismen kajkawischer Lexikographen jener Zeit sind. Die Analyse ihrer Struktur hat gezeigt, dass sie es sich um die für das Kroatische typische Strukturen handelt. Die einzige Ausnahme stellt das Wort hižobez dar. Man kommt zu dem Schluss, dass viele von kajkawischen hybriden Komposita Lehnbildungen sein könnten, obwohl für so eine Schlussfolgerung umfangreichere Unteruschungen von kajkawischen Komposita notwendig sind.
- Published
- 2007
42. Germanizmi u online medijima
- Author
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Al-Hijaj, Petra and Tkalec, Gordana
- Subjects
germanski jezici ,online mediji ,njemački jezik ,germanizmi ,SOCIAL SCIENCES. Information and Communication Sciences. Journalism ,standardni jezik ,DRUŠTVENE ZNANOSTI. Informacijske i komunikacijske znanosti. Novinarstvo ,posuđenice ,narječja - Abstract
Unatoč tome što se oduvijek pokušalo oduprijeti velikom utjecaju germanskih jezika (osobito njemačkog) na hrvatski jezik, hrvatski je jezik i danas pun germanizama. Takve riječi, pridošle iz njemačkog jezika te prilagođene hrvatskom jezičnom sustavu, više se koriste u narječjima (osobito kajkavskom), a manje u standardnom jeziku. Ipak, tog utjecaja nisu lišeni ni mediji koji u svojim tekstovima što svjesno, što nesvjesno rabe brojne germanizme. Ovaj rad stoga se bavi analizom stotinu odabranih germanizama u pet hrvatskih online medija informativnog karaktera: 24sata.hr, jutarnji.hr, net.hr, vecernji.hr i dnevnik.hr. Cilj je pokazati koliko se odabrane njemačke posuđenice koriste na najposjećenijim portalima u Hrvatskoj, kako bi se na osnovu toga moglo pretpostaviti koliko se koriste u ostalim vrstama medija. Germanizmi su odabrani s pretpostavkom da su poznati hrvatskim govornicima te da se često koriste u svakodnevnom govoru. Nakon detaljne definicije posuđenica i germanizama te objašnjenja procesa njihove adaptacije u hrvatski jezik, iznose se rezultati istraživanja koji su dokazali početnu hipotezu rada; da su germanizmi itekako česta pojava u sve više zastupljenim online medijima.
- Published
- 2015
43. GERMANISMEN IN LJUTOMER UND DER UMGEBUNG
- Author
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Kurbos, Erik and Lipavic Oštir, Alja
- Subjects
Germanizmi ,Ljutomer in okolica ,Ljutomer und die Umgebung ,prleško narečjeGermanizmi ,prleško narečje ,udc:81ʼ282(497.4Ljutomer)(043.2) ,Germanismen ,die Prle-Mundart ,die Prle-MundartGermanismen - Abstract
Germanizmi so besede, ki so bile izposojene iz nemškega jezika in jih najdemo v mnogih jezikih. Eden od teh jezikov je tudi slovenski jezik, v katerem sta zgodovinski splet okoliščin ter geografska lega pustila sledi nemškega vpliva tako na kulturo kot tudi na jezik. Ta jezikovni vpliv pa je še posebej viden v vsakdanjem govoru Slovencev, to je pri narečju. Medtem ko je Prekmurje spadalo pod madžarski del Avstro-Ogrske monarhije, je Prlekija spadala pod avstrijski del dualistične države in tako doživela še večji vpliv na jezikovno podobo prleškega narečja, v katerem so danes germanizmi trdno zakoreninjeni. V diplomskem delu sem se osredotočil na germanizme v Ljutomeru in okolici. V teoretičnem delu sem razložil jezikovni pojav germanizem, razvoj slovenskih narečij ter opisal jezikovne značilnosti prleškega narečja. V empiričnem delu sem določil cilje raziskave, predpostavke, razložil posamezne germanizme ter analiziral rezultate, ki sem jih dobil s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. Ankete sem razdelil med 99 ljudi. Anketiranci so bili iz Ljutomera in okoliških krajev. Navesti so morali spol, starost, kraj, v katerem so bivali večino svojega življenja, kako so pridobili znanje nemškega jezika ter označiti, ali germanizem poznajo in ali ga tudi uporabljajo.Germanizmi so besede, ki so bile izposojene iz nemškega jezika in jih najdemo v mnogih jezikih. Eden od teh jezikov je tudi slovenski jezik, v katerem sta zgodovinski splet okoliščin ter geografska lega pustila sledi nemškega vpliva tako na kulturo kot tudi na jezik. Ta jezikovni vpliv pa je še posebej viden v vsakdanjem govoru Slovencev, to je pri narečju. Medtem ko je Prekmurje spadalo pod madžarski del Avstro-Ogrske monarhije, je Prlekija spadala pod avstrijski del dualistične države in tako doživela še večji vpliv na jezikovno podobo prleškega narečja, v katerem so danes germanizmi trdno zakoreninjeni. V diplomskem delu sem se osredotočil na germanizme v Ljutomeru in okolici. V teoretičnem delu sem razložil jezikovni pojav germanizem, razvoj slovenskih narečij ter opisal jezikovne značilnosti prleškega narečja. V empiričnem delu sem določil cilje raziskave, predpostavke, razložil posamezne germanizme ter analiziral rezultate, ki sem jih dobil s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika. Ankete sem razdelil med 99 ljudi. Anketiranci so bili iz Ljutomera in okoliških krajev. Navesti so morali spol, starost, kraj, v katerem so bivali večino svojega življenja, kako so pridobili znanje nemškega jezika ter označiti, ali germanizem poznajo in ali ga tudi uporabljajo. Germanismen sind Wörter, die aus der deutschen Sprache ausgeliehen wurden und die wir in vielen anderen Sprachen finden können. Eine dieser Sprachen ist auch die slowenische Sprache, in der die Reihe von historischen Umständen und die geographische Lage viele Spuren von dem deutschen Einfluss sowohl auf die Kutlur, als auch auf die Sprache hinterlassen haben. Dieser sprachliche Einfluss zeigt sich aber besonders in der Alltagssprache der Slowenen, das heißt, in dem Dialekt. Während die Region Prekmurje zu dem ungarischen Teil der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie gehörte, gehörte aber Prlekija zu dem österreichischen Teil des dualistischen Staates und so erlebte sie einen noch größeren Einfluss auf das sprachliche Bild der Prle-Mundart, wo heute der Germanismus fest verankert ist. In der Diplomarbeit konzentrierte ich mich auf Germanismen in Ljutomer und der Umgebung. In dem theoretischen Teil erklärte ich das sprachliche Phänomen Germanismus, die Entwicklung der slowenischen Dialekte und beschrieb die sprachlichen Merkmale der Prle-Mundart. In dem empirischen Teil formulierte ich die Ziele der Forschung, die Hypothesen, erläuterte einzelne Germanismen und analysierte die Ergebnisse, die ich mithilfe einer Umfrage gewonnen habe. Die Arbeit stützt sich auf die Antworten von 99 Befragten. Die Befragten kamen aus Ljutomer und den Dörfern. Sie mussten ihr Geschlecht, Alter, Ort, in dem sie die meiste Zeit ihres Lebens verbrachten, umliegenden angeben, erklären, wie sie Deutsch gelernt haben und markien, ob sie einen Germanismus kennen und verwenden.Germanismen sind Wörter, die aus der deutschen Sprache ausgeliehen wurden und die wir in vielen anderen Sprachen finden können. Eine dieser Sprachen ist auch die slowenische Sprache, in der die Reihe von historischen Umständen und die geographische Lage viele Spuren von dem deutschen Einfluss sowohl auf die Kutlur, als auch auf die Sprache hinterlassen haben. Dieser sprachliche Einfluss zeigt sich aber besonders in der Alltagssprache der Slowenen, das heißt, in dem Dialekt. Während die Region Prekmurje zu dem ungarischen Teil der österreichisch-ungarischen Monarchie gehörte, gehörte aber Prlekija zu dem österreichischen Teil des dualistischen Staates und so erlebte sie einen noch größeren Einfluss auf das sprachliche Bild der Prle-Mundart, wo heute der Germanismus fest verankert ist. In der Diplomarbeit konzentrierte ich mich auf Germanismen in Ljutomer und der Umgebung. In dem theoretischen Teil erklärte ich das sprachliche Phänomen Germanismus, die Entwicklung der slowenischen Dialekte und beschrieb die sprachlichen Merkmale der Prle-Mundart. In dem empirischen Teil formulierte ich die Ziele der Forschung, die Hypothesen, erläuterte einzelne Germanismen und analysierte die Ergebnisse, die ich mithilfe einer Umfrage gewonnen habe. Die Arbeit stützt sich auf die Antworten von 99 Befragten. Die Befragten kamen aus Ljutomer und den Dörfern. Sie mussten ihr Geschlecht, Alter, Ort, in dem sie die meiste Zeit ihres Lebens verbrachten, umliegenden angeben, erklären, wie sie Deutsch gelernt haben und markien, ob sie einen Germanismus kennen und verwenden.
- Published
- 2015
44. Riječi romanskog, slavenskog i germanskog podrijetla u kulinarskoj i gastronomskoj terminologiji fijumanskog dijalekta
- Author
-
Kristina Blecich and Sandra Tamaro
- Subjects
Rijeka ,fijumanski dijalekt ,gastronomija ,germanizmi ,slavizmi ,riječi romanskog podrijetla ,Samani ,Fiume ,dialetto fiumano ,gastronomia ,germanismi ,slavismi ,voci romanze - Abstract
Nella ricerca abbiamo descritto la storia del dialetto fiumano, mettendo in evidenza l’influenza della lingua croata standard e ciacava, dell’italiano e del tedesco sul lessico dell’idioma fiumano. La situazione attuale del dialetto italiano di Fiume è stata elaborata grazie ai risultati ottenuti dal Censimento effettuato nel 2011 in Croazia. Sono stati analizzati i lemmi appartenenti al campo semantico della gastronomia nel dialetto fiumano, partendo dal Dizionario del dialetto fiumano di Salvatore Samani e dalla ricerca verificata sul campo nel 2010. Lo studio si è concentrato sul lessico fiumano romanzo, sui germanismi e croatismi del lessico della terminologia gastronomica nel dialetto fiumano. Abbiamo determinato l'etimologia prossima e remota, il che afferma nuovamente la presenza della multiculturalità nella città di Fiume, la convivenza storica nonché l'intreccio di diverse lingue, dialetti e idiomi in contatto., U radu smo opisali povijest fijumanskog dijalekta, istaknuvši utjecaj hrvatskog standardnog i čakavskog, talijanskog i njemačkog jezika na leksik fijumanskog idioma. Trenutno stanje fijumanskog dijalekta u Rijeci, obrađeno je pomoću rezultata dobivenih Popisom stanovništva provedenim 2011. u Hrvatskoj. Obradili smo riječi iz semantičke domene gastronomije u fijumanskom dijalektu te je korpus preuzet iz Samanijevog Dizionario del dialetto fiumano (Rječnik fijumanskog dijalekta) i potvrđen terenskim istraživanjem 2010. godine. Istaknuli smo romanski, germanski i kroatistički dio leksika gastronomske terminologije u fijumanskom dijalektu, te ustvrdili njihovo bliže i krajnje podrijetlo, što potvrđuje još jednom multikulturalnost Rijeke kao grada, povijesni suživot i prožimanje različitih jezika, dijalekata i idioma u doticaju.
- Published
- 2015
45. O dvama zvučnim atlasima hrvatskoga jezika
- Author
-
Piškorec, Velimir and Kurtović Budja, Ivana
- Subjects
hrvatski jezik ,zvučni jezični atlas ,mjesni govori ,germanizmi ,digitalna humanistika - Abstract
U radu se prikazuju dva 2015. godine izrađena zvučna atlasa hrvatskoga jezika: "Austrijacizmi i germanizmi u hrvatskome jeziku" i "Zvučni atlas hrvatskih govora". Opisuju se metodologija, korpus, ustroj, odabir informanata, svrha te mogućnosti primjene.
- Published
- 2015
46. O dvama zvučnim atlasima hrvatskoga jezika
- Author
-
Velimir Piškorec and Ivana Kurtović Budja
- Subjects
sprechender Sprachatlas ,Kroatische Dialekte ,Deutsche Lehnwörter ,Dialektgeographie ,Ökolinguistik ,neue Technologien ,immaterielles Kulturerbe ,zvučni atlas ,hrvatski organski govori ,germanizmi ,dijalektna geografija ,ekolingvistika ,nove tehnologije ,nematerijalna kulturna baština - Abstract
U radu se prikazuju dva 2015. godine izrađena zvučna atlasa hrvatskoga jezika: Austrijacizmi i germanizmi u hrvatskome jeziku i Zvučni atlas hrvatskih govora. Opisuju se metodologija, korpus, ustroj, odabir infomanata, njihova svrha te mogućnosti primjene., In dieser Arbeit werden zwei im Jahr 2015 erstellte sprechende Sprachatlanten des Kroatischen dargestellt: Austriazismen und Germanismen im Kroatischen und Der sprechende Atlas kroatischer Mundarten. Besprochen werden die Methodologie, das Korpus, die Struktur, die Informantenauswahl sowie ihr Zweck und ihre Anwendungsmöglichkeiten.
- Published
- 2015
47. Germanizmi u jeziku kulinarstva ivanečkoga kraja
- Author
-
Varga, Dajana
- Subjects
germanizmi ,kajkavsko narječje ,ivanečki govor ,kulinarstvo - Abstract
Glavna ideja ovog diplomskog rada bila je istražiti germanizme u jeziku kulinarstva ivanečkog kraja. U radu se, također, govori o nastanku germanizama u hrvatskom jeziku, kajkavskom jeziku i ivanečkom govoru kao dijelu kajkavskog jezika. S obzirom na to da je rad usmjeren na istraživanje njemačkih posuđenica u ivanečkom govoru, obrađena su i obilježja svih vrsta riječi u navedenom govoru. Što se tiče istraživanja germanizama, obuhvaćena su sva područja ivanečkog govora u kojima se oni koriste od kućanstva, odjeće i obuće do trgovine i zabave. Posebna pozornost posvećena je germanizmima u području kulinarstva ivanečkog kraja, a rezultat tog istraživanja je poseban rječnik germanizama nastao na temelju intervjua s gđomVesnom Štruklec, voditeljicom društva „Maska“ iz Ivanca.
- Published
- 2015
48. Morfosintaktička prilagodba germanizama u gradišćanskohrvatskome
- Author
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Ščukanec, Aleksandra and Stjepan Blažetin
- Subjects
germanizmi ,gradišćanskohrvatski jezik ,vrste morfosintaktičke prilagodbe - Abstract
Burgenland Croats are Croats whose ancestors left the areas of today’s Republic of Croatia and parts of Bosnia more than five centuries ago and settled in the territories of former West Hungary (Westungarn), Lower Austria, southern parts of Moravia and southern areas of today’s Slovak Republic. Despite the fact that they have managed to preserve their language, culture and identity, the impact of dominant language, German, and its traces are visible in the language of Burgenland Croats in Austria. On the examples from our corpus which is comprised both of written texts (newspaper articles, literature) and spoken language (transcripts of television and radio programmes, narrative interviews with our informants conducted in the course of the field study), we will illustrate the linguistic levels and aspects where the influence and impact of German is most notable.
- Published
- 2015
49. Germanizmi na virovitičkom području
- Author
-
Mareković, Mateja
- Subjects
germanizmi ,kajkavsko narječje ,štokavsko narječje ,Virovitica ,standardni jezik - Abstract
U radu se govori o provedenom istraživanju o prisutnosti germanizama u govoru djece u dobi od sedam godina. Tvrdi se da 50% djece, polaznika prvog razreda, prepoznaje najučestalije germanizme u regionalnom govoru te da su germanizmi učestaliji u kajkavskom nego u štokavskom narječju. Razlog tomu zašto su odabrana djeca starosti sedam godina jest činjenica da je riječ o djeci koja su tek krenula u školu te nisu u potpunosti usvojila književni jezik, ukoliko on nije onaj idiom kojim se dijete služi u obiteljskom okruženju.
- Published
- 2015
50. GERMANISMS IN THE NORTH ČAKAVIAN DIALECT
- Author
-
Marija Turk
- Subjects
lcsh:Philology. Linguistics ,lcsh:P1-1091 ,posuđenice ,germanizmi ,čakavski ,dijalekt ,Čakavian ,dialect ,loan words, Germanisms - Abstract
U radu se obrađuju germanizmi u nekim mjesnim govorima na sjevernočakavskom arealu. Utvrđuju se fonološke, morfološke i tvorbene inačice germanizama. Osobita se pozornost posvećuje semantičkim poljima, prostornoj, vremenskoj, funkcionalnoj i stilističkoj raslojenosti germanizama, te stupnju prepoznavanja i uporabi germanizama u govornika različitih naraštaja., This paper deals with Germanisms in some local idioms of the North Čakavian dialect. Phonological, morphological and word-formation variants of Germanisms are identified. Special attention is paid to the semantic fields and to the spatial, temporal, functional and stylistic stratification of the Germanisms, and to the degree to which they are recognized and used by speakers who belong to different generations.
- Published
- 2005
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