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Background: Surgical approaches to the cavernous sinus (CS) and middle cranial fossa (MCF) can be challenging, particularly for young neurosurgeons. The anteromedial (Mullan's) triangle is a triangle by the side of the CS and constitutes part of the floor of the MCF. The contents include the sphenoid sinus, superior ophthalmic vein, and sixth cranial nerve. The literature contains very little research that has precisely defined and measured the anteromedial triangle while considering anatomical variances minimally. Methodology: The present study was conducted on the skulls of 25 adult human cadavers which were dissected to expose the anteromedial (Mullan's) triangle on both sides. After precisely defining the triangle on each side, measurements of the three borders were taken, and using Heron's formula, the area of each triangle was calculated. Results: On average, the length of the medial border was 12.5 (+ 3.1 mm); the length of the lateral border was 9.9 (+ 3.1 mm); the length of the base was 10.75 (+ 2.4 mm) and the area of the anteromedial triangle was 43.9 (+ 15.06 mm2). Conclusion: Precise anatomical knowledge of the Mullan's triangle enables the treatment of disorders in often deformed anatomy or difficult-to-access structures. That is the reason it is important to gain a thorough understanding of the surgical anatomy and to adopt a safe procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe and illustrate septal perforation shape through the documentation and analysis of length and height measurements. A secondary objective is to correlate perforation size to surgical and nonsurgical etiologies. Stuy Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Tertiary academic medical center. Methods: Length and height of consecutively treated perforations over a 3‐year period were measured directly or through computed tomography. Mean differences in length and height measurements were compared and regression analysis used to determine perforation shape and the effect of etiology on perforation size. Perforations were classified by length into small (1‐5 mm), medium (6‐15 mm), and large (>15 mm) and correlated to shape and etiology. Results: One hundred twenty‐four patients (mean age 50.4 years, 60.5% female) met study inclusion criteria. Height was less than length in 93% of perforations 5 mm or greater in length. Mean perforation height was significantly less than length for medium and large perforations (P <.001). Mean length and height measurements of nonsurgical perforations were greater than those for surgical perforations (P <.001). Conclusion: Height is less than length in over 90% of septal perforations. Most perforations assume an elliptical shape as they enlarge. Accurate measurement and presentation of length and height is relevant information to perforation management decisions and for the evaluation of treatment outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric outcomes that vary across deletion carriers. We adopted a dimensional approach to provide a comprehensive overview of neuropsychiatric symptom expression in adolescents with 22q11DS and further our understanding of the observed phenotypical heterogeneity.Participants were 208 adolescents with 22q11DS between 10 and 19 years old. Semi‐structured clinical interviews and IQ tests were used to quantify symptom expression on multiple symptom dimensions, some reflecting DSM‐IV diagnostic domains. We investigated symptom expression in those with and without a formal DSM‐IV classification and examined between and within symptom dimensions. We used correlation analyses to explore associations between different symptom dimensions.We demonstrated inter‐individual differences in symptom expression, both between and within neuropsychiatric symptom dimensions. On most symptom dimensions, more than 50% of adolescents expressed at least one clinically relevant symptom. In addition, a significant proportion of youth without a formal DSM‐IV diagnosis reported clinically relevant symptoms (e.g. >85% of those without an ADHD diagnosis reported ADHD symptoms). The exploratory correlation analysis indicated mostly positive correlations between symptom dimensions.The finding that most adolescents with 22q11DS express neuropsychiatric symptoms, even in the absence of a DSM‐IV classification, has substantial ramifications for guiding adequate support. Findings may spur further research into the dimensional structure of neuropsychiatric symptoms in 22q11DS and aid in uncovering mechanisms that contribute to symptom expression. Ultimately, this provides leads to improve clinical care for 22q11DS and to understand phenotypical variation in other high‐risk genetic variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Singosari Artificial Insemination Center (AIC) is a Technical Implementation Unit under the Ministry of Agriculture that has implemented the Public Service Agency Financial Management Pattern with the task and function of providing public services to all stakeholders. This study aims to analyze the level of employee job satisfaction and to determine the differences in employee job satisfaction based on job diversity, employee status and generation. This research is a mixed methods research conducted at AIC Singosari Malang Regency, East Java. using an instrument in form of a questionnaire distributed to 142 respondents using census sampling technique. This study uses descriptive analysis in the form of factor analysis and inferential analysis in the form of Mann Whitney Test and Kruskal Wallis Test. With the findings of seven dimensions of job satisfaction, namely the job itself, leadership, coworkers, promotions, work facilities and work environment in the high category and have the same job satisfaction category, which is quite satisfied on average. One indicator with a low score is the allowance indicator and there is a significant difference in job satisfaction based on Position and generation but there is an insignificant difference in job satisfaction between civil servants and non-civil servants. It is expected that AIC Singosari will always socialize and maintain transparency regarding the compensation structure for non-civil servants, including how wages and incentives are determined and distributed. Recognize differences in job security and benefits between civil servants and non-civil servants. As well as considering the desires and expectations between generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water insecurity is a global concern likely to be compounded by increases in population and climate change. Existing water insecurity measurement methods capture multidimensional deprivation only at regional or sub-regional levels. Such estimates do not capture heterogeneous household experiences of water supply, proximity to water sources and affordability, which can vary substantially from regional averages. Accurate measurement requires a method that captures the incidence and intensity of a household's simultaneous deprivation in dimensions of water accessibility, affordability, sufficiency and safety. We propose such a method and assess related inequalities using an approach analogous to the Alkire–Foster methodology for multidimensional poverty. Using household-level data from the Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey 2015/16, we find that 63% of the Kenyan population experience multiple deprivation in water access. The dimensions of water affordability and sufficiency contribute most to multidimensional water insecurity, highlighting the need to ensure an adequate supply of affordable water. Disparities by household place of residence, dwelling type, and socio-economic status are evident. The estimates of multidimensional water insecurity are robust to different deprivation and poverty cutoffs. Our analysis is an invitation to rethink water insecurity metrics, allowing water deprivation to be measured more frequently and with greater precision to understand its impact clearly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals who commit sexual offenses against children have been shown to be distinctive from adult offenders across both individual and crime characteristics. However, an examination of the literature shows that there are gaps in the research related to whether sadism manifests differently between those who target child compared to adult victims. The current study therefore aimed to explore the differences in the characteristics, crime-commission process, and the dimensions of sadism between sadistic crimes of children (n = 101) compared to those of adults (n = 433). Sexual sadism was assessed with the Sexual Sadism Scale (SeSaS) and binary logistic regression analysis and multidimensional scale analysis (MDS) were performed to examine differences between these two groups. Our results showed that sadistic fantasies manifested into four dimensions for both adult and child victims. In terms of differences, sadistic sexual offenses involving children appear to be reflective of deviant fantasies related to overlapping paraphilias (e.g., sadism and pedophilia). Conversely, sadistic crimes involving adult victims involve a crime-commission process that involves a greater degree of structure to control their adult victim and decrease their risk of identification. Implications for clinical assessment and police investigations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since their creation, geoparks have been among the fastest growing natural environments. Their attractiveness is one of the most important factors for the success of this natural destination. Despite their importance, a bibliometric analysis on geopark attractiveness is missing from the studied databases. The aim of this paper is to synthesise a heterogeneous body of knowledge of geoparks in terms of attractiveness, highlighting the evolution and breadth of the research field. To achieve this, the following objectives were set: (a) to adopt a method based on functions provided by the bibliometrix package to automatically combine databases, namely WoS, Scopus, PubMed and Dimensions, detailing the method used and (b) to analyse the bibliometric indicators in order to identify the trends in the literature and the possible directions for future research. The applied methodology was based on bibliometric analysis using R for non-coders. From the 707 documents retrieved, the validation process resulted in 349 eligible documents published between 2002 and 2024, on which the analysis was carried out. The current study elaborated a method and examined the key information on the topic trends, which were given by production performance, productivity trends, spatial analysis and abstract approach analysis. Additionally, strategic mapping of the conceptual context was performed. Thus, the result provides a description of the automatic method with practical applications. As discerned from the three-dimensional analysis (spatial, temporal and size), the emerging research directions within scientific creativity encompassed (1) forms of tourism practiced in geoparks, especially focused on ecotourism and volcanic tourism; (2) geomorphological features, mineral springs and mud volcanoes; (3) aesthetic aspects, scenic sites and mining heritage; and (4) methodology, data analysis and modelling methods across different regions and countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of floods as a result of illegal construction and the influx of people to areas at hazard cause the emergence and creation of catastrophic human and economic crises and as a major challenge in the direction of achieving sustainable development of local communities (including the city of Konarak) which makes it necessary to know the methods of achieving vulnerability reduction patterns, including improving resilience. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identification and evaluation of indicators influencing the resilience of flood-stricken communities (Konarak city). This study is an applied research, which uses descriptive-analytical method to identify and measure dimensions and components resilience of Konarak city. The sample size was estimated using Cochran's formula of 371 households in four neighborhoods of Shomal nirogah gazi, Surak, Nazarabad and Jonoob shahr of Konarak city. To carry out the research, first by using library resources, indicators and factors affecting social, economic, institutional, physical, environmental, sanitary and mental health were identified, and then the field methods and questionnaire were used to collect the required information and data. In order to analyze the data, the coefficient of multiple correlations such as multiple regression analyses and path analysis were used. The results showed that the social dimension has the highest score with 48.70 and the mental health dimension has the lowest score with 39.12, and Konark city is in an unfavorable situation with a total score of 37.26. The highest level of resilience is related to the neighborhoods Shomal nirogah gazi and Surak with 40.95 and 37.81%, respectively, and the lowest level of resilience is for the neighborhoods Nazarabad and Jonoob shahr with 34.22 and 36.05%, respectively. Also, the results of path analysis of resilience show that in relation to the total score of direct and indirect effects, the social dimension with (0.99) had the most impact and the health dimension with (0.17) had the least impact on the resilience of the city of Konarak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationships among eatertainment experience value, experience relationship quality, experience cooperation, and experience relational outcomes. Gathering data through the non-probability convenience sampling of 480 respondents in Denver, Colorado, this study examines the impact of eatertainment experience value on experience relational outcomes through experience relationship quality. The moderating effect of experience cooperation on the relationship between experience satisfaction and experience loyalty is also examined in this paper. The analysis, employing exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, establishes the reliability and validity of the data. Overall, the findings of this study enhance the theoretical progress on the experiential concept in eatertainment restaurants and offer important implications for hospitality marketers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate radiographic lacrimal gland (LG) volume and dimensions in Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV)- versus trabeculectomy-treated eyes and contralateral non-treated eyes. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 1616 medical records acquired between 2010 and 2020 were examined. In AGV-treated (group 1) eyes, there were 19 patients with records sufficient for radiological LG evaluation, and in trabeculectomy-treated (group 2) eyes, there were 18. The hospital workstation software was used to assess high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans conducted under standard protocol using a 128 SL Optima CT 660 scanner. The software (Vitrea™) was used to perform semi-quantitative volumetric measurements. LG dimensions were obtained in the axial and reformatted coronal planes on each side, and four measures were generated using the widest LG tip-to-tip diameters in two planes: coronal length, coronal width (CW), axial length (AL), and axial width. Results: The time interval between surgery and HRCT imaging was 50.97 ± 26.25 months. Group 1 had significantly lower LG volume than group 2 (594.11 ± 259.45 vs. 933.67 ± 294.09 mm3, P = 0.001). When compared to non-treated eyes, AGV-treated eyes had lower LG volume (P = 0.065) while trabeculectomy-treated eyes had higher LG volume (P = 0.031). Further, group 1 had decreased length and width in both the axial and coronal planes as compared to group 2, with AL and CW being significantly different (P < 0.05). Conclusions: AGV and trabeculectomy had varied impacts on LG volume and dimensions despite being conducted in the same quadrant. HRCT appears to be effective in analysing AGV position, which may be related to LG volumetric and dimensional issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delivering value from digital concepts such as Digital Twins is necessary to address systemic national and global issues, such as achieving Net Zero. However, there is still a lack of consensus over what a Digital Twin (DT) is and efforts to clarify this do not consider the Geospatial perspective. With the aspiration for national- and international-scale DTs, it is important that the Geospatial community understands its role in supporting the realisation of the value of these DTs. Here, a systematic literature review is used to gather DT case studies that use, or are inferred to use, elements of the Geospatial discipline. A total of 77 DT case studies about smart cities, manufacturing, energy, construction and agriculture are reviewed in full, and 24 Geospatial DT dimensions are defined and then compared with existing DT dimensions. The results indicate a considerable use of Geospatial Science in DTs that is not explicitly stated, meaning that there are possibly missed opportunities for collaboration between the Geospatial and DT communities. We conclude that the role of Geospatial Science in DTs is larger than stated and needs to be understood further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Hypothesis: Vaginal dimensions have clinical and surgical implications. We sought to quantify the differences between vaginal and labial dimensions in healthy ethnic Chinese and Western women with normal pelvic organ support. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of ethnic Chinese nulliparas (n = 33) and Western nulliparas (n = 33) recruited for research purposes. For each subject, magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify the vaginal and labial dimensions. Specifically, we identified the anterior and posterior vaginal wall, the outline of the cervix in the mid-sagittal and coronal planes, and the distance from the labia majora to the hymenal ring at the urethral meatus. Results: There were significant differences in age and weight between groups. Substantial variation in vaginal and labial dimensions was found within each group. The vaginal and labial dimensions of ethnic Chinese women ranged from 9–21% smaller than those of Western women; In the ethnic Chinese group, increasing weight and BMI correlated with greater labial distance (r = 0.66 and r = 0.63 respectively); as did height and the distance from the vaginal opening to the cervical os (r = 0.5). In the Western group, only weight correlated with the labial distance (r = 0.51). Conclusions: Significant group differences in vaginal and labial dimensions were found, with the dimensions of Chinese nulliparas being up to 21% smaller than those of Western nulliparas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of this paper is to develop a formal foundation to design an adaptive output feedback predictor for a class of unknown systems where parameters and order are unknown or high-dimensional. We present a reduced-order adaptive output-predictor scheme based on modal reduction and Lyapunov's method. Moreover, the credibility of the proposed reduced-order adaptive output-predictor scheme is validated by mathematical proof and numerical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let Γ (L , g) be a Goppa code over F q , where L ⊂ F q m is a support and g (x) ∈ F q m [ x ] is a polynomial with s distinct roots in F q m . In [Couvreur A, Otmani A, Tillich JP (2014) New identities relating wild Goppa codes. Finite Field Appl 29: 178–197.], Couvreur at al. gave the bound: dim F q Γ (L , g e) - dim F q Γ (L , g e + 1) ≤ s , where e = q m - 1 + q m - 2 + ⋯ + q . In this paper, we give the conditions such that dim F q Γ (L , g e) = dim F q Γ (L , g e + 1) . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A signed graph is a graph with edges marked positive and negative; it is unbalanced if some cycle has negative sign product. We introduce the concept of vector valued switching function in signed graphs, which extends the concept of switching to higher dimensions. Using this concept, we define balancing dimension and strong balancing dimension for a signed graph, which can be used for a new classification of degree of imbalance of unbalanced signed graphs. We provide bounds for the balancing and strong balancing dimensions, and calculate these dimensions for some classes of signed graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay reviews the discrepancies between the phenomenal experience of time and the characterization of time as it is currently conceptualized by modern physics. Three aspects of the subjective quality of time are identified: (1) the present is privileged and distinct from the past and future in that it is the exclusive time at which observers experience events as happening; (2) time flows from one moment to the next; and (3) the future is open and presents itself with genuine alternative possibilities. Strikingly, however, modern physics claims that these essential aspects of the experience of time are illusory products of consciousness. We argue that physics has dismissed aspects of experience that are sufficiently self-evident that they can reasonably be taken as axioms, and thus new frameworks that incorporate these elements should be considered. Towards this end, a framework is presented that characterizes the observer as a window moving through information space with three dimensions of time: objective time—corresponding to clock time; subjective time—the experience of the passage of time; and alternative time—the branching genuine possibilities presented by the future. This roughhewn framework illustrates the type of approach that could enable our scientific understanding of time to be brought into greater alignment with the essential ways in which we experience it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I argue that dimensional analysis provides an answer to a skeptical challenge to the theory of model mediated measurement. The problem arises when considering the task of calibrating a novel measurement procedure, with greater range, to the results of a prior measurement procedure. The skeptical worry is that the agreement of the novel and prior measurement procedures in their shared range may only be apparent due to the emergence of systematic error in the exclusive range of the novel measurement procedure. Alternatively: what if the two measurement procedures are not in fact measuring the same quantity? The theory of model mediated measurement can only say that we assume that there is a common quantity. In contrast, I show that the satisfaction of dimensional homogeneity across the metrological extension is independent evidence for the so-called assumption. This is illustrated by the use of dimensional analysis in high pressure experiments. This results in an extension of the theory of model mediated measurement, in which a common quantity in metrological extension is no longer assumed, but hypothesized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The study of chronic non-communicable diseases has gone from having a biomedical approach which was emphasized in epidemiological models proposed before the 1970s. After the 1970s, emphasis has been placed on the study of environments as part of the determinants of health. The study of environments has seen the need to focus on specific topics. This is the case of food environments. Food environments have been associated with nutritional health outcomes. For the explanation of food environments, the exposition of the variables and scope that compose them, there have been various proposals for explanatory models. Through this work, the elements and dimensions of the INFORMAS model, Retail Food Environment, Domains of the Food Environment Model, FAO Model, about Urbanization and food security, Organizational Food Environment Model, Types of Food Environment Model and The Innocenti Framework on Food Systems for Children and Adolescents, considering in each of them the elements and dimensions of the food environment, as well as the perspectives from which the concept of food environment is understood.

Abstract Background Pregnancy and labor can impact women’s body contours. After a cesarean section, some women may experience aesthetic issues such as the formation of a panniculus and a bulging mons pubis. This study aimed to investigate the impact of cesarean sections on the dimensions of the mons pubis and their ratios. Methods The study included 194 multiparous Caucasian women. Participants’ ages ranged from 18 to 40 years, and their BMI ranged from 18 to 30. They were divided into two BMI groups. Each group was further subdivided based on the mode of delivery into vaginal delivery (VD) and cesarean section (CS) groups. Manual measurements of the three dimensions of the mons pubis (monal height, monal width, and monal length) were conducted. Measurements were recorded in centimeters in the lithotomy position using iGaging 8-inch digital outside calipers. Monal height is the distance between the anterior surface of the symphysis pubis and the maximum height of the mons pubis (calculated by measuring the distance between the anterior wall of the vagina and the maximum height of the mons pubis minus the distance between the anterior wall of the vagina and the anterior surface of the symphysis pubis). Monal width is the maximum transverse distance between the merging borders of the mons pubis and the fat of the lower abdominal wall. Monal length is the maximum longitudinal distance between the merging upper border of the mons pubis and the fat of the lower abdominal wall and the upper end of the pudendal cleft. Results No significant statistical difference was observed between the three dimensions of the mons pubis in vaginal delivery and cesarean section populations in the two groups. The changes in the ratios between the two groups’ different monal dimensions in the cesarean section population are minimal and do not follow a consistent pattern. There were no significant differences between the dimensions of single and repeated CS populations, with non-trendy changes in the different ratios in the repeated CS group. Conclusion Even when repeated, cesarean section minimally affects the dimensions and ratios of the mons pubis. However, more studies with standardized fascial and subcutaneous fat closure are needed.

The present study investigates the impact of scanning speed, printing temperature, and layer height on the density, dimensions, errors of parallelism, and surface finish of cubical specimens made of PLA/wood biocomposite and manufactured by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). The study examined 64 specimens, each produced with a unique set of process parameters. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the effects of process parameters on the examined properties of the manufactured cubes. RSM analysis revealed the statistical significance of direct proportion between the layer height, printing temperature, and x-and y-dimensions of the manufactured specimens (with P-values of 0, 0, 0.002, and 0, respectively). Also, the scanning speed and error of parallelism in z-oriented faces were statistically correlated (with a P-value of 0.035). For layer height and cube density, an indirect proportion was observed (with a P-value of 0). Compared to the regression model, ANN exhibited better performance at process parameters effect evaluation. The worse performance of regression models can be attributed to their limited capacity to represent non-linear relationships, while ANN models can capture the complex non-linear nature of the process, leading to better performances (R2 close to 100%). An evaluation of the defects in the specimens was carried out using the go/no-go diagram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reason for the spread of this phenomenon is the lack of control over border crossings, so the research aimed to identify the reasons behind the spread of drug abuse through a field study on the inmates of the Anbar Rehabilitation Centre by identifying the aura that the user forms about the drug, as well as the role of psychological pressure suffered by the addict, in addition tothe role of psychological pressure suffered by the addict, in addition to identifying the role of media propaganda in pushing the user to addiction by answering the main question, What are the most important reasons and factors leading to drug abuse by identifying the social aura? A questionnaire was developed by reviewing the previous literature and was subjected to apparent honesty by presenting it to a number of specialists in the field of education and psychology, and the coefficient of honesty was calculated, where the coefficient of 80/0 of the research results were significant indicators that appeared through statistical analysis of the study sample for the three dimensions: aura, psychological pressure relief, and media propaganda in pushing the user to addiction. In the aura dimension, the paragraph I expect drugs to give the individual strength to face life difficulties ranked first with an arithmetic mean of 4.45, "I believe that drugs are a unique magical experience" came in second place, and "I expect drugs to contribute to increasing thinking" came in third place, while in the psychological pressure dimension, "I believe that drugs are the best way to eliminate worries" came in first place with a mean of 4. In the third dimension after media propaganda, the paragraph I think there is no harm in trying drugs once ranked first with a computational average of 4.33, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we reconsider the study of black holes and black strings in the compactification of M-theory on a Calabi–Yau three-fold, considered as a complete intersection of hypersurfaces in a product of weighted projective spaces given by ℙ 4 (ω , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1) × ℙ 1 . Using the N = 2 supergravity formalism in five dimensions, we examine the BPS and non-BPSsolutions by wrapping M-branes on appropriate cycles in such a Calabi–Yau geometry. For the black hole case, we compute certain thermodynamical quantities. In particular, we calculate the entropy taking a maximal value corresponding to the ordinary projective space ℙ 4 with ω = 1. Using extended black hole entropies, we evaluate the temperature involving a minimal value for ℙ 4 . Then, we approach the stability of the non-BPS black holes via the recombination factor. In the allowed electric charge regions, we show that such states are unstable. For the black string solutions, we calculate the tension taking a minimal value corresponding to ℙ 4 . Computing the recombination factor, we show that the associated non-BPS black string states are stable in the allowed magnetic charge regions of the moduli space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of 4 preoperative parameters (signalment, urinalysis, urine microbiological culture, and digital radiography) in predicting urocystolith composition, compare accuracy between evaluators of varying clinical experience and a mobile application, and propose a novel algorithm to improve accuracy. ANIMALS 175 client-owned dogs with quantitative analyses of urocystoliths between January 1, 2012, and July 31, 2020. METHODS Prospective experimental study. Canine urocystolith cases were randomly presented to 6 blinded "stone evaluators" (rotating interns, radiologists, internists) in 3 rounds, each separated by 2 weeks: case data alone, case data with a urolith teaching lecture, and case data with a novel algorithm. Case data were also entered into the Minnesota Urolith Center mobile application. Prediction accuracy was determined by comparison to quantitative laboratory stone analysis results. RESULTS Prediction accuracy of evaluators varied with experience when shown case data alone (accuracy, 57% to 82%) but improved with a teaching lecture (accuracy, 76% to 89%) and further improved with a novel algorithm (accuracy, 93% to 96%). Mixed stone compositions were the most incorrectly predicted type. Mobile application accuracy was 74%. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of the 4 preoperative parameters resulted in variable accuracy of urocystolith composition predictions among evaluators. The proposed novel algorithm improves accuracy for all clinicians, surpassing accuracy of the mobile application, and may help guide patient management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of protein–protein binding, the dissociation constant is used to describe the affinity between two proteins. For protein–protein interactions, most experimentally-measured dissociation constants are measured in solution and reported in units of volume concentration. However, many protein interactions take place on membranes. These interactions have dissociation constants with units of areal concentration, rather than volume concentration. Here, we present a novel, stochastic approach to understanding the dimensional dependence of binding kinetics. Using stochastic exit time calculations, in discrete and continuous space, we derive general reaction rates for protein–protein binding in one, two, and three dimensions and demonstrate that dimensionality greatly affects binding kinetics. Further, we present a formula to transform three-dimensional experimentally-measured dissociation constants to two-dimensional dissociation constants. This conversion can be used to mathematically model binding events that occur on membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to examine the questions of what criteria definitions of Artificial Intelligence (AI) use to define AI, what the disagreements that revolve around the term AI are based on, and what correlations can be drawn to other parameters. Framed as a problem of classification, a random sample of 45 definitions from various text sources was subjected to a qualitative content analysis. The criteria found are concluded in five dimensions, namely (1) learning ability, (2) human likeness, (3) state of "mind", (4) complexity of the problem, and (5) successfulness. Further, the results support the view that there is no consensus neither on which of these criteria are crucial to define AI nor on how these criteria must be fulfilled. By opposing the frequencies of the dimensions found with the metadata collected, it can be seen that most of these, e.g., country, scientific field, or gender of the author, are statistically independent of content variables, while the medium in which the definition was published shows a strong correlation. Since different mediums target different purposes and different readers, it must be taken into account that writing a definition of AI is to be seen in the context of its distribution area and its goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Limb-sparing resections of thigh soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) can result in adverse outcomes. Identifying preoperative predictors for wound healing complications, tumor recurrence, and mortality is crucial for informed reconstructive decision-making. We hypothesized that preoperative measurements of thigh and tumor dimensions could serve as reliable indicators for postoperative complications, recurrence, and death. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective cohort study conducted from March 2016 to December 2021, we analyzed patients undergoing thigh STS excisions followed by reconstruction. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scans provided necessary thigh and tumor dimensions. Univariate and multivariate regression assessed relationships between these dimensions and postoperative outcomes, including complications, recurrence, and death. Results: Upon the analysis of 123 thighs, we found thigh width to be highly predictive of postoperative complications, even surpassing body mass index (BMI) and retaining significance in multivariate regression [odds ratio (OR) 1.19; 95% CI 1.03–1.39; p = 0.03]. Sarcoma-to-thigh width and thickness ratios predicted STS recurrence, with the thickness ratio retaining significance in multivariate regression (OR 1.03; 95% CI 1.001–1.05; p = 0.041). Notably, greater thigh thickness was independently protective against mortality in multivariate analysis (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.65–0.98; p = 0.030). Conclusions: Thigh width outperformed BMI in association with postoperative complications. This may create an opportunity for intervention, where weight loss can play a role during the neoadjuvant therapy period to potentially reduce complications. Sarcoma-to-thigh width and thickness ratios, particularly the latter, hold substantial predictive value in terms of STS recurrence. Moreover, thigh thickness is an independent predictor of survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pregnancy and labor can impact women's body contours. After a cesarean section, some women may experience aesthetic issues such as the formation of a panniculus and a bulging mons pubis. This study aimed to investigate the impact of cesarean sections on the dimensions of the mons pubis and their ratios. Methods: The study included 194 multiparous Caucasian women. Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 40 years, and their BMI ranged from 18 to 30. They were divided into two BMI groups. Each group was further subdivided based on the mode of delivery into vaginal delivery (VD) and cesarean section (CS) groups. Manual measurements of the three dimensions of the mons pubis (monal height, monal width, and monal length) were conducted. Measurements were recorded in centimeters in the lithotomy position using iGaging 8-inch digital outside calipers. Monal height is the distance between the anterior surface of the symphysis pubis and the maximum height of the mons pubis (calculated by measuring the distance between the anterior wall of the vagina and the maximum height of the mons pubis minus the distance between the anterior wall of the vagina and the anterior surface of the symphysis pubis). Monal width is the maximum transverse distance between the merging borders of the mons pubis and the fat of the lower abdominal wall. Monal length is the maximum longitudinal distance between the merging upper border of the mons pubis and the fat of the lower abdominal wall and the upper end of the pudendal cleft. Results: No significant statistical difference was observed between the three dimensions of the mons pubis in vaginal delivery and cesarean section populations in the two groups. The changes in the ratios between the two groups' different monal dimensions in the cesarean section population are minimal and do not follow a consistent pattern. There were no significant differences between the dimensions of single and repeated CS populations, with non-trendy changes in the different ratios in the repeated CS group. Conclusion: Even when repeated, cesarean section minimally affects the dimensions and ratios of the mons pubis. However, more studies with standardized fascial and subcutaneous fat closure are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oppositional defiant problems (ODP) and obsessive-compulsive problems (OCP) may co-occur in children, though the way they interact is not known. The aim of the study was to examine longitudinal associations between executive functions at age 3 and ODP, ODP dimensions, and OCP at age 6. The sample consisted of 622 preschoolers (50% were boys) from the general population. Executive functions were assessed by teachers using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning – Preschool version questionnaire when children were 3 years old, and ODP and OCP were informed by parents and teachers at the age of 6 years. Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that higher Inhibit and Emotional Control and lower Shift deficits were associated with higher ODP reported by teachers, while higher Shift but lower Inhibit deficits were related to higher OCP. Moreover, ODP and OCP shared difficulties on the Flexibility Index, which means that the capacity to modulate emotions and behavior according to contextual and environmental demands is compromised in both disorders. The findings inform etiology and prevention, pointing out not only the executive function specificities related to each problem, but also common cognitive challenges related to Flexibility. Young children could benefit from training and programs designed to improve executive function processes at an early age to prevent later behavioral difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction sites require heightened safety measures due to hazardous working conditions. Health and Safety (H&S) standards in the Indian construction sector are notably subpar. Despite this stark reality, Indian researchers have paid scant attention to H&S concerns. Recognizing the critical dimensions is pivotal for enhancing on-site H&S. Thus. This study endeavours to identify the key aspects and factors influencing H&S at job sites within the Indian construction industry to prompt similar investigations in other developing countries. The research employed a pilot-tested questionnaire survey methodology to validate dimensions derived from existing literature. Following the compilation of a final set of 61 dimensions, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was applied for analysis. Among the original 61 dimensions, 35 were identified as significant and categorized into four main factors: Management Regulatory Factor (MRF), Worker’s Self-Regulatory Factor (WSRF), Workplace Regulatory Factor (WRF), and Government Regulatory Factor (GRF) with Cronbach’s Alpha 0.946, 0.892, 0.782 and 0.773 showing reliability level of excellent, good, acceptable and acceptable respectively which provides a theoretical framework. The study’s outcomes can aid decision-makers, top management, and workers in comprehending H&S and its practical implementation. Additionally, the results may encourage developing countries to institute H&S governance for on-site safety. For future studies in the Indian construction sector, exploring these factors through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) is recommended. Based on the dimensions and factors identified in this research, a model utilizing structural equation modelling (SEM), or a Path Model could be devised. It is also advised that emerging nations conduct further research in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Computational sustainability has become a key topic bridging environmental science, computer science, and sustainability research. This literature review explores the readiness dimensions necessary for advancing computational sustainability projects and examines how computational tools are applied to address sustainability challenges across various domains. This study examines 33 case studies and 56 empirical research papers that demonstrate the use of computational tools to improve readiness in a variety of scenarios, including technology readiness, faculty readiness, teaching readiness, e-learning readiness, and green education. By extensively reviewing previous material, this synthesis identifies recurring themes and emerging trends in readiness assessment across many sustainability sectors, case studies, and empirical research. The study blends several views and approaches, resulting in a better understanding of how readiness aspects might aid in the application and efficacy of computational tools in sustainability research. The literature synthesis highlights the dimensions of readiness in this study, ranking technological knowledge (35%), content knowledge (25%), teaching strategies (20%), training (15%), and equipment/software (5%) based on their significance in determining how well societies are prepared to effectively adopt sustainable practices. This literature synthesis explores readiness factors in computational sustainability, highlighting recent advancements and trends. The review focused on English-language publications from 2018 to 2024, with additional research from 2010 to 2017. This comprehensive analysis of faculty readiness for computational sustainability aims to enhance its effectiveness, paving the way for broader studies that benefit researchers, faculties, students, policymakers, and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A chameleon algorithm based on optimized partitioning was studied to solve the intelligent matching problem of college dormitory roommates. Using quantitative research methods, data on personal preferences and lifestyle habits of college students were collected, and the K-center object chameleon algorithm was used for data analysis and roommate matching. Test the algorithm performance on the BBC dataset, compare clustering quality indicators such as entropy, purity, and RI value, and verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. This algorithm can accurately assign students to their respective dormitories, avoiding overlapping situations and achieving excellent matching results. In terms of matching accuracy and running time, the K-center object chameleon algorithm shows superior performance compared to other algorithms. In terms of clustering quality evaluation, comparisons were made from three dimensions: entropy value, purity, and RI value. The experimental results show that the closer the entropy value is to 0, the closer the purity and RI value are to 1, and the better the matching effect. This result further validates the effectiveness of the algorithm in the intelligent matching problem of college dormitory roommates. The matching accuracy of this algorithm on the BBC dataset reached 98.82%, showing better clustering quality than other algorithms in terms of entropy, purity, and RI values. The entropy value approached 0, while the purity and RI values approached 1, verifying the efficiency of matching quality. The chameleon algorithm based on optimized partitioning proposed in the study has shown excellent performance in intelligent matching of college dormitory roommates, with the characteristics of high-precision matching and fast running time. It has important practical significance for improving the quality of life and learning efficiency of college dormitory students, and provides new research methods and ideas for related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the emerging trends in research articles published on tourism education from 2010 to 2022. Researchers analysed a total of 1210 articles indexed in the Dimensions AI database for the number of authors, journals, citations, collaborating institutions, and source countries. The research publications in scholarly articles on tourism education show a gradual increase, with higher growth observed in 2017, 2020, and 2021. Prominent authors include Deale, Cynthia S., Ateljevic, and Irena, and prominent institutions include Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China and the United States appeared to be the most productive country in terms of articles and citations. "Learning", "Curriculum", "Career", "Internship program", and "Competencies and skills" were the most researched topics. The paper offers valuable insights for researchers, identifying productive authors, institutions, and popular keywords used in tourism education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity calls for an expansion of the current protected areas (PAs) to cover at least 30% of global land and water areas by 2030 (i.e., the 30×30 target). Efficient spatial planning for PA expansion is an urgent need for global conservation practice. A spatial prioritization framework considering multiple dimensions of biodiversity is critical for improving the efficiency of the spatial planning of PAs, yet it remains a challenge. We developed an index for the identification of priority areas based on functionally rare, evolutionarily distinct, and globally endangered species (FREDGE) and applied it to 21,536 terrestrial vertebrates. We determined species distributions, conservation status (global endangerment), molecular phylogenies (evolutionary distinctiveness), and life‐history traits (functional rarity). Madagascar, Central America, and the Andes were of high priority for the conservation of multiple dimensions of terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity. However, 68.8% of grid cells in these priority areas had <17% of their area covered by PAs, and these priority areas were under intense anthropogenic and climate change threats. These results highlight the difficulties of conserving multiple dimensions of biodiversity. Our global analyses of the geographical patterns of multiple dimensions of terrestrial vertebrate biodiversity demonstrate the insufficiency of the conservation of different biodiversity dimensions, and our index, based on multiple dimensions of biodiversity, provides a useful tool for guiding future spatial prioritization of PA expansion to achieve the 30×30 target under serious pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on challenging the traditional three-dimensional view of reality in favor of high-dimensionalism within quantum mechanics. It argues that the fundamental nature of reality is not confined to three spatial dimensions but resides in a vastly larger configuration space where entities described by quantum mechanics, such as wave functions, exist.

Copyright of Journal of Al-Anbar University for Islamic Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main function of the electro-hydraulic deforming equipment is the transfer and conversion of the electric energy into plastic deformation mechanical work. This complex process is characterized by a great variety of parameters (the shape and volume of the discharging chamber, the nature of liquid used for energy transfer, equipment characteristics etc.) having a direct influence on the processed workpiece. The paper proposes an analysis of the influence of these parameters on the geometric characteristics of the workpiece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implementation of Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) has become common place in schools across the globe. Perhaps, the prevailing definitions and operationalization of PLCs could explain the disparities in how they are executed in various contexts. By investigating a selection of recent studies, this review of literature aims to analyse how PLCs have been defined and operationalized in contemporary research. A total of 70 quantitative and mixed-methods research studies that were conducted between 2013 and 2018 were chosen to be inspected in this review to identify the definitions and tools employed in those studies. The definitions and tools were identified and analysed qualitatively to examine the underlying concepts. Findings of the investigation revealed that the definitions of PLCs were composed of three major components; process, outcome and critical conditions. Moreover, it has also been found that Professional Learning Community Assessment (PLCA) and its revised version PLCA-R were the predominant operationalization of PLCs in the recent years. The findings advocate the need for ensuring critical conditions for sustained implementation of PLCs. It is also claimed that inclusion of "result orientation" as a new dimension might demonstrate a better operationalization of PLCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionArtificial intelligence (AI) has created a plethora of prospects for communication. The study aims to examine the impacts of AI dimensions on family communication. By investigating the multifaceted effects of AI on family communication, this research aims to provide valuable insights, uncover potential concerns, and offer recommendations for both families and society at large in this digital era.MethodA convenience sampling technique was adopted to recruit 300 participants.ResultsA linear regression model was measured to examine the impact of AI dimensions which showed a statistically significant effect on accessibility (p = 0.001), personalization (p = 0.001), and language translation (p = 0.016).DiscussionThe findings showed that in terms of accessibility (p = 0.006), and language translation (p = 0.010), except personalization (p = 0.126), there were differences between males and females. However, using multiple AI tools was statistically associated with raising concerns about bias and privacy (p = 0.015), safety, and dependence (p = 0.049) of parents.ConclusionThe results showed a lack of knowledge and transparency about the data storage and privacy policy of AI-enabled communication systems. Overall, there was a positive impact of AI dimensions on family communication.