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The purpose of this article was to analyze the theoretical and methodological foundations developed during the International Research on Permanent Authentic Records in Eletronic Systems (INTERPARES started in 1999. As the Project is pointed out in the archival literature as a significant contribution to research on the preservation of digital records, the mapping of its transformations in theoretical approaches and influences remains an underexplored object of study. In this sense, it is worth considering the following starting question: “What are the main theoretical and methodological contributions of the InterPARES Project throughout its trajectory?” through a qualitative research in order to synthesize the trajectory of the project as well as reflect on its theoretical and methodological foundations. Therefore, our investigation was carried out through bibliographic research, the scientific production of interPARES and Brazilian or foreign works that studied the Project. The results suggest that as technological changes occur and, consequently, in the applicability of technologies in recordkeeping and, as the Project accompanies such innovations with its research, the need arises to reflect on emerging technologies commonly applied in decentralized technologies., El propósito de este artículo fue analizar los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos desarrollados durante el Proyecto Internacional de Investigación sobre Registros Permanentes Auténticos en Sistemas Electrónicos (INTERPARES), iniciado en 1999. Como el Proyecto se señala en la literatura archivística como una contribución significativa a la investigación sobre la preservación de documentos de archivo digital, el mapeo de sus transformaciones en enfoques teóricos e influencias sigue siendo un objeto de estudio poco explorado. En este sentido, vale la pena considerar la siguiente pregunta de partida: “¿Cuáles son los principales aportes teóricos y metodológicos del Proyecto InterPARES a lo largo de su trayectoria?” a través de una investigación cualitativa con el fin de resumir la trayectoria del proyecto así como reflexionar sobre sus fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos. Por lo tanto, nuestra investigación se llevó a cabo a través de la investigación bibliográfica, la producción científica de interPARES y trabajos brasileños o extranjeros que lo mencionan. Los resultados sugieren que los cambios tecnológicos también demandan estudios para su aplicabilidad en lo tratamiento archivístico y, a medida que el Proyecto acompaña tales innovaciones con sus investigaciones, surge la necesidad de reflexionar sobre las tecnologías emergentes comúnmente aplicadas en las tecnologías descentralizadas., O propósito deste artigo foi analisar os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos desenvolvidos durante o Projeto International Research on Permanent Authentic Records in Eletronic Systems (INTERPARES), iniciado em 1999. Na medida em que o Projeto é apontado na literatura arquivística como contribuição significativa para a pesquisa sobre preservação de documentos de arquivo digitais, o mapeamento das suas transformações nas abordagens e influências teóricas permanece como objeto de estudo pouco explorado. Nesse sentido, cabe pautar-se na seguinte pergunta de partida: “quais são as principais contribuições teóricas e metodológicas do Projeto InterPARES ao longo de sua trajetória?” por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa a fim de sintetizar a trajetória do projeto bem como refletir acerca dos seus fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos. Sendo assim, nossa investigação foi executada através de pesquisa bibliográfica, da produção científica do interPARES e obras brasileiras ou estrangeiras que o mencionem. Os resultados sugerem que conforme ocorrem transformações tecnológicas e, consequentemente, na aplicabilidade de tecnologias no tratamento arquivístico e, na medida em que o Projeto acompanha tais inovações com suas pesquisas, surge a necessidade de refletir acerca de tecnologias emergentes comumente aplicadas em tecnologias de caráter descentralizado.

Korištenje računala je postalo standard u svakodnevnoj privatnoj i poslovnoj komunikaciji. Pritom se često ne obraća pažnja na količinu novog gradiva koje se stvara na dnevnoj bazi upravo u digitalnom obliku. U arhivistici su definirani pojmovi kao što su elektronički zapis, digitalni zapis, analogni zapis i digitalni informacijski objekt. Digitalni zapis i digitalni informacijski objekt podrazumijevaju pod svojim definicijama gradivo stvoreno na računalu, dok elektronički zapis obuhvaća analogne i digitalne zapise. No, u današnje vrijeme konstantnog stvaranja sadržaja potrebno je razlikovati i definirati pojam gradiva koje je izvorno nastalo na računalu, tj. u digitalnom obliku, i razlikovati ga od onoga koje je nastalo na drugim elektroničkim uređajima. Ovaj se rad bavi definicijom i terminologijom arhivskih zapisa izvorno stvorenih u digitalnome obliku (engl. born-digital records) kao što su poruke e-pošte, PDF dokumenti, Word dokumenti i mnogi drugi te njihovim prednostima i nedostacima u kontekstu dugoročnog očuvanja. Konačno, rad ističe važnost očuvanja takvih zapisa te činjenicu koliko brzo oni zastarijevaju i nestaju ako im se ne pridaje dovoljna važnost. The use of computers has become the standard in everyday private and business communication. At the same time, attention is often not paid to the amount of new material that is created daily, in digital form. Archival science defines terms such as electronic record, digital record, analogue record, and digital information object. Digital record and digital information object by their definitions mean material created on a computer, while electronic record includes both analogue and digital records. However, in today's time of constant content creation, it is necessary to define and distinguish the concept of archival material that was originally created on a computer, i.e., in digital form, from that that was created using other electronic devices. This thesis will discuss the definition and terminology of archival born-digital records such as e-mails, PDF documents, Word documents and many others, and their advantages and disadvantages in the context of long-term preservation. Finally the thesis emphasizes the importance of preserving those records and points out how quickly they become obsolete and disappear if they are not given sufficient attention.

Based on recent discussions in the scope of archival studies on the theoretical-methodological development of Diplomatics in the creation, maintenance and preservation of authentic digital records, what has agreed to call Digital Diplomatics, a proposal which research to contribute for studies of digital records to propose a joint analysis with also emerging Digital Forensic Science. The research consists of a systematization of the concepts, definitions and, mainly, existing projects about Digital Diplomatics comparing them with Digital Forensic Science. An analysis of the scientific literature of the area found in international databases was carried out comparing it with Digital Forensic Science. The results demonstrate that the areas converge concerning the use of tools, the understanding of the legal context in which the records are inserted, the search for impartially identifying the context of their digital objects, the application of similar concepts and methods and the capacity that its professionals have to certify the integrity, authenticity, and reliability of digital objects in legal processes. Fundamentando-se em recentes discussões no âmbito dos estudos arquivísticos acerca do aporte teórico-metodológico da Diplomática na criação, manutenção e preservação de documentos arquivísticos digitais autênticos, o que se convencionou denominar de Diplomática Digital, o presente artigo busca contribuir para os estudos dos documentos arquivísticos digitais ao propor uma análise conjunta à também emergente Ciência Forense Digital. A pesquisa constitui-se de uma sistematização dos conceitos, definições e, sobretudo, de projetos existentes sobre a Diplomática Digital comparando-a com a Ciência Forense Digital. Para tanto, foi realizou-se uma análise da literatura científica da área encontrada em bases de dados internacionais, dos conceitos, definições e, sobretudo, de projetos existentes sobre a Diplomática Digital comparando-a com a Ciência Forense Digital, a fim de delimitar os aspectos que as unem e os que as separam no tocante à análise da autenticidade de documentos digitais. Os resultados demonstram que as áreas convergem no tocante ao uso de ferramentas, na compreensão do contexto jurídico no qual os documentos estão inseridos, na busca por identificar de forma imparcial o contexto de seus objetos digitais, na aplicação de conceitos e métodos semelhantes e na capacidade que seus profissionais possuem de atestar a integridade, autenticidade e confiabilidade de objetos digitais em audiência jurídica.

U današnje vrijeme sve više dokumenata izvorno nastaje u digitalnom obliku. Digitalni informacijski objekt predstavlja onaj objekt koji je nastao uz pomoć informacijske tehnologije, bez obzira je li to njegov izvorni oblik ili je riječ o gradivu u klasičnom obliku koje je preneseno u elektroničku okolinu postupkom digitalizacije. Problemi se pojavljuju kod očuvanja digitalnih informacijskih objekata i njihove vjerodostojnosti. U ovome radu pobliže se objašnjava proces arhiviranja digitalnih zapisa sagledan s tehnološkog aspekta. U radu se analiziraju mediji na kojima se zapisi pohranjuju, metapodaci za opis gradiva te metode osiguranja integriteta arhiviranih zapisa. U tom kontekstu se opisuju digitalni potpis, digitalni vodeni žig, digitalni vremenski žig i tehnologija ulančanih blokova. Metapodaci nose glavnu ulogu u opisu arhivirane jedinice gradiva, dok se integritet zapisa, cjelovitost sadržaja i vjerodostojnost arhiviranih zapisa mogu osigurati uporabom digitalnog potpisa i digitalnog vremenskog žiga. Nowadays, more and more documents are digitally born. A digital information object is an object created with the help of information technology, regardless of whether it is its original form or it is a material in the analogue form that has been transferred to the digital environment by the process of digitization. Problems arise with the preservation of digital information objects and their trustworthiness. This thesis explains in more detail the process archiving digital records. It covers the media on which records are stored, their metadata and methods of ensuring the integrity of archived records. Integrity assurance methods include digital signature, digital watermark, digital timestamp, and blockchain. Metadata plays a major role in description of the archived records, while their integrity and authenticity may be ensured by using digital signature and digital timestamp applied to each archived record.

This study discusses the implementation of archival repositories that conform to the Open Archival Information System and the need to audit them to assess their reliability. To this end, a bibliographic survey of previously published materials is carried out, with selection of: books that approach the perspectives of Archival science in the digital age and the challenge of reliable documentary custody; technical publications such as International Organization for Standardization and auditing standards; and scientific articles retrieved by the Google Scholar search tool, with thematic search related to the preservation of digital archival records, reliable digital repositories, information auditing and archival auditing. The archival repository is the prism of the discussion, since the comparison between the audit standards becomes the guiding category, thus, we obtain a no systematic review article. Thus, the audit standards are analyzed: Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria and Checklist, Catalog of Criteria for Trusted Digital Repositories from Network of Expertise in long-term STORage, Digital Repository Audit Method Based on Risk Assessment and Audit and Certification of Trustworthy Digital Repositories. Finally, a comparison of standards demonstrates that the Audit and Certification of Trustworthy Digital Repositories is best suited for auditing digital archival repositories. Este estudo discute a implementação de repositórios arquivísticos em conformidade com o Sistema Aberto para Arquivamento de Informação e a necessidade de auditá-los para avaliar sua confiabilidade. Para tanto, realiza-se um levantamento bibliográfico de materiais previamente publicados, com seleção de: livros que abordam as perspectivas da Arquivística na era digital e o desafio da custódia documental confiável; publicações técnicas como as normas International Organization for Standardization e padrões de auditoria; e artigos científicos recuperados pela ferramenta de pesquisa Google Scholar, com busca temática relacionada à preservação de documentos arquivísticos digitais, repositórios digitais confiáveis, auditoria de informação e auditoria arquivística. O repositório arquivístico é o prisma da discussão, já a comparação entre os padrões de auditoria torna-se a categoria norteadora, logo, obtém-se um artigo de revisão assistemática. Dessa forma, são analisados os padrões de auditoria: Trustworthy Repository Audit & Certification: Criteria and Checklist, Catalogue of Criteria for Trusted Digital Repositories da Network of Expertise in long-term STORage, Digital Repository Audit Method Based on Risk Assessment e Audit and Certification of Trustworthy Digital Repositories. Por fim, o comparativo entre os padrões demonstra que o Audit and Certification of Trustworthy Digital Repositories é o mais indicado para auditar os repositórios arquivísticos digitais.

Seismic exploration is one of the most informative geophysical methods. It gives thorough information on deep and spatial structure of the Earth using features of seismic waves propagation in geological layers with different physical properties. Wave field excited with seismic source propagates in space and time, therefore for its registration we need availability of many observation sites simultaneously resulting in considerable rise in prices cost of seismic information. In turn, absence of numerical seismic data renders impossible development of basic seismicity, seismic monitoring and long-term observation of seismically dangerous processes in big areas of man-made objects. The paper presents autonomous seismic stations developed at the Institute of Geophysics NAS of Ukraine. Universality of seismic stations allows their use for a wide range of seismic and seismological problems. Small weight and size make their transportation easier as well as their mounting in unequipped observation sites in boggy hard-to-reach areas. Long-continued registration of seismic information and big capacity of operative internal memory makes possible their use for passive long-term observations. Several variants of wireless connection have been realized in seismic stations for control of technical condition of the station, inspection of seismic record quality in real time and remote programming for alternation its working regime. Likewise historical review has been presented on development of autonomous seismic stations the most popular in Europe and North America used in large-scale international projects on studies of deep structure of the Earth during the latest 50 years. In addition up-to date passive and active seismic stations used in economic seismicity have been described., Приведен исторический обзор развития автономных сейсмостанций, наиболее популярных в Европе и Северной Америке, которые использовались в масштабных международных проектах по изучению глубинного строения Земли в течение последних 50 лет. Описаны современные пассивные и активные сейсмостанции, применяемые в прикладной сейсмике. Сейсмическая разведка — один из наиболее информативных методов геофизики. Она предоставляет детальную информацию о глубинном и пространственном строении Земли, при использовании особенностей распостранения сейсмических волн в геологических пластах с различными физическими свойствами. Волновое поле, возбужденное сейсмическим источником, распостраняется в пространстве и времени, поэтому для его регистрации необходимо наличие одновременно большего количества точек наблюдения, что приводит к существенному увеличению количества оборудования и удорожанию сейсмической информации. Вместе с тем отсутствие цифровых сейсмических данных делает невозможным развитие фундаментальной сейсмики, сейсмического мониторинга и долговременного наблюдения за сейсмически опасными процессами в больших по площади рукотворных объектах.Представлены автономные сейсмические станции, разработанные в Институте геофизики НАН Украины. Универсальность таких станций позволяет использовать их для широкого круга сейсмических и сейсмологических задач. Малая масса и размеры упрощают доставку и установку сейсмостанций на необорудованные пункты наблюдения, заболоченные и труднодоступные участки. Продолжительное время регистрации сейсмической информации и большой объем оперативной внутренней памяти способствуют использованию указанных станций для пассивных долгосрочных наблюдений. В сейсмостанциях реализовано несколько вариантов беспроводной связи для контроля за техническим состоянием станции, проверки качества сейсмической записи в реальном времени и дистанционного программирования с целью изменения режима ее работы., Наведено історичний огляд розвитку автономних сейсмостанцій, найбільш популярних в Європі і Північній Америці, які використовувалися в масштабних міжнародних проектах з вивчення глибинної будови Землі протягом останніх 50 років. Описано сучасні пасивні і активні сейсмостанції, що застосовуються в прикладної сейсміці. Сейсмічна розвідка - один з найбільш інформативних методів геофізики. Вона надає детальну інформацію про глибинний і просторовому будову Землі, при використанні особливостей розповсюдження сейсмічних хвиль в геологічних пластах з різними фізичними властивостями. Хвильове поле, порушену сейсмічним джерелом, поширюється в просторі і часі, тому для його реєстрації необхідна наявність одночасно більшої кількості точок спостереження, що призводить до істотного збільшення кількості обладнання та подорожчання сейсмічної інформації. Разом з тим відсутність цифрових сейсмічних даних унеможливлює розвиток фундаментальної сейсміки, сейсмічного моніторингу та довготривалого спостереження за сейсмічно небезпечними процесами в великих за площею рукотворних об'єктах.Представлені автономні сейсмічні станції, розроблені в Інституті геофізики НАН України. Універсальність таких станцій дозволяє використовувати їх для широкого кола сейсмічних і сейсмологічних завдань. Мала маса і розміри спрощують доставку і установку сейсмостанцій на необладнані пункти спостереження, заболочені і важкодоступні ділянки. Тривалий час реєстрації сейсмічної інформації і великий обсяг оперативної внутрішньої пам'яті сприяють використанню зазначених станцій для пасивних довгострокових спостережень. У сейсмостанцій реалізовано кілька варіантів бездротового зв'язку для контролю за технічним станом станції, перевірки якості сейсмічної записи в реальному часі і дистанційного програмування з метою зміни режиму її роботи.

This study aims to contextualize and discuss the applicability of OAIS - ISO 14721: 2012 and ACTDR - ISO 16363: 2012 standards in the context of trustworthy digital archival repositories. For this, the OAIS functional model is analyzed initially in the context of Archives, emphasizing the perspectives of preservation and guarantee of access to authentic documents in the long term. Subsequently, the ACTDR audit standard is analyzed by looking at its applicability to OAIS-compliant digital archival repositories. The methodology consists of a research of an applied nature, in which the data collection is carried out by means of records, which are planned through a database instrument. The data collection is based essentially on a documentary survey, contemplating norms and recommendations to which it composes the nucleus of this study. And in a complementary way, a bibliographic survey is used, consisting of previously published materials such as books, theses, dissertations and scientific articles retrieved by the Google Scholar search tool. The OAIS analysis demonstrates that there is theoretical compliance with Archival, although it is not explicit, it is possible to shape an archival repository based on its requirements. With this, an OAIS-compliant repository can contemplate principles such as provenance and uniqueness, as well as fit into the context of the seven archival functions. The OAIS functional model conceptualizes packet structures and information objects, which include fundamental properties for preservation, maintenance of authenticity and guarantee of access to digital documents. Therefore, OAIS is considered a prerequisite in the implementation of a trustworthy digital archival repository. In a second moment, the ACTDR audit pattern is analyzed to make explicit the potentially archival aspects that are implicit, so its detailing supports the auditing process of trustworthy digital archival repositories. The ACTDR standard is divided into three sections in which the requirements related to institutional policies of digital preservation, management of stored digital objects and the management of security and risk of the digital repository are subdivided. Among the contributions of this study, it is emphasized that the implementation of a trustworthy digital archival repository should initially consider the OAIS reference model, and, in a second moment, this repository should be audited by the ACTDR standard. In case the repository reaches the levels of reliability required in the audit, it is certified by the appropriate body. Finally, the complement of this study consists of the elaboration of a product, the "Manual for Auditing Reliable Digital Archival Repositories", thus establishing a dialogue between OAIS and ACTDR, in addition to considering archival aspects pertinent to long-term preservation. This manual synthesizes the knowledge discussed to serve as guidance to archivists working within digital archival repositories. Este estudo tem por objetivo contextualizar e discutir a aplicabilidade das normas OAIS – ISO 14721:2012 e ACTDR – ISO 16363:2012 no âmbito dos repositórios arquivísticos digitais confiáveis. Para isto, analisa-se inicialmente o modelo funcional OAIS no contexto da Arquivística, enfatizando as perspectivas de preservação e garantia de acesso a documentos autênticos no longo prazo. Posteriormente, o padrão de auditoria ACTDR é analisado vislumbrando a sua aplicabilidade aos repositórios arquivísticos digitais em conformidade com o OAIS. A metodologia consiste em uma pesquisa de natureza aplicada, na qual a coleta de dados é realizada por meio de fichamentos, os quais são planificados através de um instrumento de banco de dados. A coleta de dados parte, essencialmente, de um levantamento documental, contemplando normas e recomendações às quais compõe o núcleo deste estudo. E em caráter complementar, utiliza-se o levantamento bibliográfico, composto por materiais previamente publicados, como livros, teses, dissertações e artigos científicos recuperados pela ferramenta de busca Google Scholar. A análise do OAIS demonstra que há conformidade teórica com a Arquivística, embora não esteja explícito, é possível moldar um repositório arquivístico com base em seus requisitos. Com isto, um repositório em conformidade com o OAIS poderá contemplar princípios como, proveniência e unicidade, além de se enquadrar no contexto das sete funções arquivísticas. O modelo funcional OAIS conceitua estruturas de pacotes e objetos de informação, os quais contemplam propriedades fundamentais à preservação, manutenção da autenticidade e garantia de acesso aos documentos digitais. Logo, o OAIS é considerado um pré-requisito na implementação de um repositório arquivístico digital confiável. Em um segundo momento, o padrão de auditoria ACTDR é analisado para explicitar aspectos potencialmente arquivísticos que estão implícitos, assim, seu detalhamento fornece suporte ao processo de auditoria de repositórios arquivísticos digitais confiáveis. O padrão ACTDR se divide em três seções nas quais estão subdivididos os requisitos relacionados a políticas institucionais de preservação digital, gerenciamento dos objetos digitais armazenados e a gestão de segurança e risco do repositório digital. Dentre as contribuições deste estudo, ressalta-se que a implementação de um repositório arquivístico digital confiável deverá, inicialmente, considerar o modelo de referência OAIS, e, em um segundo momento, este repositório deve ser auditado pelo padrão ACTDR. Caso o repositório atinja os níveis de confiabilidade requeridos na auditoria, procede-se a certificação do mesmo, através do órgão competente para tal. Por fim, a complementação deste estudo consiste na elaboração de um produto, o “manual para auditoria de repositórios arquivísticos digitais confiáveis”, estabelecendo assim, um diálogo entre o OAIS e ACTDR, além de considerar os aspectos arquivísticos pertinentes na preservação de longo prazo. Este manual sintetiza os conhecimentos discutidos para servir como orientação aos arquivistas que atuam no âmbito dos repositórios arquivísticos digitais.

Este artigo perpassa a ideia do documento arquivístico digital como parte integrante do patrimônio cultural, e posteriormente, descrevem-se aspectos pertinentes á sua preservação. Para isto são abordadas questões referentes á garantia de acesso a documentos autênticos no longo prazo. A discussão concentra-se na relação entre estratégias de preservação, repositórios digitais, modelo OAIS, linha de custódia ininterrupta, e atividades de auditoria e certificação. Dentre os apontamentos finais, destaca-se a necessidade de sintetizar os conhecimentos discutidos a fim de fornecer subsídios teóricos para facilitar a sua aplicação no âmbito da arquivística., This article pervades the idea of the digital record as an integral part of the cultural heritage, and later, it describes pertinent aspects to its preservation. For this, issues related to guaranteeing access to authentic records in the long term are addressed. The discussion focuses on the relationship between preservation strategies, digital repositories, OAIS model, uninterrupted custody line, and audit and certification activities. Among the final notes, it is necessary to synthesize the knowledge discussed in order to provide theoretical subsidies to facilitate its application in the archival science., Dossier: Gestión de la información: dilemas y perspectiva, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación

U radu se kao problem razmatra povezanost elektroničkog zapisa s medijem pri čemu se istražuju značenja s medijem povezanih termina kao zapis, elektronički, analogan, digitalan i njihovih međusobnih odnosa iz perspektive vezanosti za medij te se analizira definicija elektroničkog zapisa kao ključnog termina koji nije ovisan o mediju. Neovisnost o mediju elektoničkog zapisa uvodi komunikacijska svojstva medija što vodi do termina elektronički medij za koji se pretpostavlja da ujedinjuje sve funkcionalnosti potrebne za za razumijevanje elektroničkog zapisa., The paper deals with the problem of electronic record’s connection with the medium. The electronic record is connected with its medium, but it is not fully dependent on the medium, in the way the analogue record depends on its medium; but, after all, there is some relation of electronic record to its medium. The term electronic record is used for both analogue and digital record, so, as regards the connection and the dependence, its use becomes unclear, because in some cases electronic record is connected with its medium, and in other cases it is not. In order to clear the air, the meanings of some media-related terms are investigated: record, electronic record, analogue record, digital record, as well as their reciprocal relations, considering the connection with the media. The definition of electronic record as a pivotal term is analyzed. The independence of electronic record from the media enables its easier spreading, other than that required for the storage, where the medium is just the basis. This opens up the possibility of the electronic medium in question to be investigated as well as the record, no longer dependent on the medium, but movable together with the medium, and within the medium in the changeful electronic environment, while still preserving the record’s authenticity. The consequence of using the term electronic record is its use in the context of digitalization as well as in the context of other functions originating from this connection within information technology.

Magistro baigiamajame darbe „Elektroninio parašo panaudojimo verslo įmonėse modelio sukūrimas“ išanalizuota el. parašo naudojimo problematika, el. parašo bei el. dokumentų klasifikacinės sistemos bei parengtas el. parašo taikymo versle modelis, kuris patikrintas empiriniu tyrimu. Pirmoje darbo dalyje išanalizuota el. dokumentų raida ir jų klasifikacinės sistemos. Antrajame skyriuje atlikta el. parašo taikymo verslo įmonėse sisteminė analizė: apibrėžiama el. parašo sąvoka, rūšys, el. parašo pritaikymo versle, remiantis komunikacinėmis pusėmis. Trečiojoje darbo dalyje atliktas el. parašo taikymo versle empirinis tyrimas, kuriame ištyrus el. dokumentų specialistų ekspertinę nuomonę, nustatomos el. parašo taikymo problemos, jų sprendimo būdai. Paskutiniame skyriuje – sukurtas el. parašo taikymo versle modelis bei atliktas modelio ekspertinis vertinimas. In Master thesis ‘The model of Using Digital Signature in Business’ the topic of digital signature, the classification systems of digital signature and digital records was analyzed as well as a model of digital signature usage in business was prepared which was examined by empirical research. In the first part of thesis the development of digital records and their classification systems was analyzed. The second part consists of the systemic analysis of digital signature usage in business: defined the concept of digital signature, it kinds (kinds of digital signature), usage in business based on communicational sides. The third part contains the empirical research of digital signature usage in business which was made by the examination of the digital records professionals’ opinions, the problems of digital signature usage and the ways of their solutions were defined. In the last part – a model of digital signature usage in business was created and the evaluation of it was made.