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3. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Antenatal Depression in a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial and Effects on Neurobiological, Behavioral and Cognitive Outcomes in Offspring 3-7 Years Postpartum: A Perspective Article on Study Findings, Limitations and Future Aims

Author

Bleker, LS, Milgrom, J, Sexton-Oates, A, Parker, D, Roseboom, TJ, Gemmill, AW, Holt, CJ, Saffery, R, Connelly, A, Burger, H, De Rooij, SR, Bleker, LS, Milgrom, J, Sexton-Oates, A, Parker, D, Roseboom, TJ, Gemmill, AW, Holt, CJ, Saffery, R, Connelly, A, Burger, H, and De Rooij, SR

Abstract

PURPOSE OF ARTICLE: In a previous pilot randomized controlled trial including 54 pregnant women with depression, maternal mood improved after Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) compared to treatment as usual (TAU), showing medium to large effect sizes. The effect persisted up to 9 months postpartum, with infant outcomes also showing medium to large effects favoring CBT in various child domains. This perspective article summarizes the results of a follow-up that was performed approximately 5 years later in the same cohort, assessing the effects of antenatal Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for depression and anxiety on child buccal cell DNA-methylation, brain morphology, behavior and cognition. FINDINGS: Children from the CBT group had overall lower DNA-methylation compared to children from the TAU group. Mean DNA-methylation of all NR3C1 promoter-associated probes did not differ significantly between the CBT and TAU groups. Children from the CBT group had a thicker right lateral occipital cortex and lingual gyrus. In the CBT group, Voxel-Based-Morphometry analysis identified one cluster showing increased gray matter concentration in the right medial temporal lobe, and fixel-based analysis revealed reduced fiber-bundle-cross-section in the Fornix, the Optical Tract, and the Stria Terminalis. No differences were observed in full-scale IQ or Total Problems Score. When the total of hypotheses tests in this study was considered, differences in DNA-methylation and brain measurements were no longer significant. SUMMARY: Our explorative findings suggest that antenatal depression treatment decreases overall child DNA-methylation, increases cortical thickness, and decreases white matter fiber-bundle cross-section in regions involved in cognitive function and the stress response. Nevertheless, larger studies are warranted to confirm our preliminary conclusion that CBT in pregnancy alters neurobiological outcomes in children. Clinical relevance remains unclear as we found no effe

Published
2020

5. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Children after Antenatal Maternal Depression Treatment, a Longitudinal Study Built on a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Bleker, LS, Milgrom, J, Parker, D, Gemmill, AW, Holt, CJ, Connelly, A, Burger, H, Roseboom, TJ, de Rooij, SR, Bleker, LS, Milgrom, J, Parker, D, Gemmill, AW, Holt, CJ, Connelly, A, Burger, H, Roseboom, TJ, and de Rooij, SR

Abstract

Antenatal depression is associated with an increased risk of offspring neuro-developmental disorders, potentially as a consequence of an altered brain development in utero. We hypothesized that reducing maternal depression by Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) during pregnancy may ameliorate the offspring's brain (micro)structural outcomes. 54 pregnant women with a diagnosed clinical depression were randomly allocated to CBT or Treatment as Usual (TAU), showing moderate to large depression symptom improvements after CBT. In 16 of their children (69% boys, N(TAU) = 8, N(CBT) = 8, mean age = 5.9 years, range = 3.9-7.1 years) brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans were conducted. Children from the CBT group had a thicker right lateral occipital cortex (difference: 0.13 mm, 95% CI = 0.005-0.26) and lingual gyrus (difference: 0.18 mm, 95% CI = 0.01-0.34). In the CBT group, Voxel-Based Morphometry analysis identified one cluster showing increased gray matter concentration in the right medial temporal lobe at p < 0.05 uncorrected, and fixel-based analysis revealed reduced fiber-bundle cross-section in the Fornix, the Optical Tract, and the Stria Terminalis at p < 0.01 uncorrected. However, none of the results survived correction for multiple testing. Our explorative analyses provided some indication that antenatal CBT for depression may ameliorate offspring's brain (micro)structural outcomes, but the sample size was extremely small, and our results should be cautiously interpreted. Larger studies are warranted to confirm our preliminary conclusions that CBT for antenatal depression affects brain development in children.

Published
2019

6. A 7-year follow-up of antenatal depression treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy: A case report of maternal and child outcomes

Author

Bleker, LS, Milgrom, J, Gemmill, AW, Roseboom, TJ, de Rooij, SR, Bleker, LS, Milgrom, J, Gemmill, AW, Roseboom, TJ, and de Rooij, SR

Abstract

There are few studies of cognitive behavioral therapy for women with antenatal depression including qualitative and quantitative data, and yet, individual cases can provide valuable information on personal experiences of treatment effectiveness and acceptability. The purpose of this case report is to explore the long-term qualitative outcomes following cognitive behavioral therapy for antenatal depression. A pregnant woman with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders diagnosis of depression was allocated to receive seven sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy in a randomized controlled trial. We describe her experiences and mood during treatment, at 12 weeks, 9 months, 2 years, and 7 years postpartum, as well as markers of her child's development. The woman's mood symptoms were dramatically improved after treatment and remained in the mild to moderate range until 7 years postpartum. Her child showed overall age-appropriate development, with strengths highlighted in his nonverbal and problem-solving ability. Relative weaknesses were in the communication domain and his processing speed. This case report suggests that psychological treatment for depression during pregnancy can be both acceptable to women and potentially protective in the long term.

Published
2019

7. Fasting insulin has a stronger association with an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile than insulin resistance: the RISC study

Author

de Rooij SR, Dekker, Jm, Kozakova, M, Mitrakou, A, Melander, O, Gabriel, R, Guidone, C, Højlund, K, Murphy, Ms, Nijpels, G, Dekker, J, de Rooij, S, Boorsma, P, Tournis, S, Kyriakopoulou, K, Thomakos, P, Lalic, N, Lalic, K, Jotic, A, Lukic, L, Civcic, M, Nolan, J, Yeow, Tp, Murphy, M, Delong, C, Neary, G, Colgan, Mp, Hatunic, M, Konrad, T, Böhles, H, Fuellert, S, Baer, F, Zuchhold, H, Golay, A, Harsch Bobbioni, E, Barthassat, V, Makoundou, V, Lehmann, Tn, Merminod, T, Petrie, Jr, Perry, C, Neary, F, Macdougall, C, Shields, K, Malcolm, L, Laakso, M, Salmenniemi, U, Aura, A, Raisanen, R, Raisanen, U, Sistonen, T, Laitinen, M, Saloranta, H, Coppack, Sw, Mcintosh, N, Ross, J, Pettersson, L, Khadobaksh, P, Laville, M, Bonnet, F, Brac de la Perriere, A, Louche Pelissier, C, Maitrepierre, C, Peyrat, J, Beltran, S, Serusclat, S, Sánchez, Me, Carraro, R, Friera, A, Perez, S, Nilsson, P, Persson, M, Ostling, G, Burri, P, Piatti, Pm, Monti, Ld, Setola, E, Galluccio, E, Minicucci, F, Colleluori, A, Walker, M, Ibrahim, Im, Jayapaul, M, Carman, D, Ryan, C, Short, K, Mcgrady, Y, Richardson, D, Beck Nielsen, H, Staehr, P, Hojlund, K, Vestergaard, V, Olsen, C, Hansen, L, Bolli, Gb, Porcellati, Francesca, Fanelli, Carmine Giuseppe, Lucidi, Paola, Calcinaro, F, Saturni, A, Ferrannini, E, Natali, A, Muscelli, E, Pinnola, S, Mingrone, G, Favuzzi, A, Di Rocco, P, Anderwald, C, Bischof, M, Promintzer, M, Krebs, M, Mandl, M, Hofe, A, Luger, A, Waldhäusl, W, Roden, M, Balkau, B, Mari, A, Gaffney, P, Boran, G, Kok, A, Patel, S, Gastaldelli, A, Ciociaro, D, Guillanneuf, Mt, Mhamdi, L, Landucci, L, Hills, S, Mota, L, Pacini, G, Cavaggion, C, Hills, Sa, Mota, Epidemiology and Data Science, General practice, and EMGO - Lifestyle, overweight and diabetes

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Cohort Studies, Endocrinology, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Prevalence, medicine, Hyperinsulinemia, Humans, Insulin, Ultrasonography, Metabolic Syndrome, Glucose tolerance test, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Metabolic Syndrome X, Fasting, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Glucose Tolerance Test, Middle Aged, Glucose clamp technique, medicine.disease, Cardiovascular Diseases, Europe, Female, Glucose Clamp Technique, Insulin Resistance, Tunica Media, Intima-media thickness, Metabolic syndrome, business
Abstract

ObjectiveFasting insulin concentrations are often used as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance. We investigated the relative contributions of fasting insulin and insulin resistance to cardiometabolic risk and preclinical atherosclerosis.Design and methodsThe Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular disease (RISC) cohort consists of 1326 European non-diabetic, overall healthy men and women aged 30–60 years. We performed standard oral glucose tolerance tests and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps. As a general measure of cardiovascular risk, we assessed the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in 1177 participants. Carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) was measured by ultrasound to assess preclinical atherosclerosis.ResultsFasting insulin was correlated with all elements of the metabolic syndrome. Insulin sensitivity (M/I) was correlated with most elements. The odds ratio for the metabolic syndrome of those in the highest quartile of fasting insulin compared with those in the lower quartiles was 5.4 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8–10.3, adjusted for insulin sensitivity) in men and 5.1 (2.6–9.9) in women. The odds ratio for metabolic syndrome of those with insulin sensitivity in the lowest quartile of the cohort compared with those in the higher quartiles was 2.4 (95% CI 1.3–4.7, adjusted for fasting insulin) in men and 1.6 (0.8–3.1) in women. Carotid IMT was only statistically significantly associated with fasting insulin in both men and women.ConclusionsFasting insulin, a simple and practical measure, may be a stronger and independent contributor to cardiometabolic risk and atherosclerosis in a healthy population than hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp-derived insulin sensitivity.

Published
2009
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8. Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation in the Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease (RISC) Population Associations with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk profile

Author

De Rooij, Sr, Nijpels, G, Nilsson, Pm, Nolan, Jj, Gabriel, R, Bobbioni Harsch, E, Mingrone, Geltrude, Dekker, Jm, General practice, Epidemiology and Data Science, and EMGO - Lifestyle, overweight and diabetes

Subjects
Adult, Inflammation, Male, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk, Alcohol Drinking, Heart Diseases, Settore MED/09 - MEDICINA INTERNA, Smoking, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies, Europe, Leukocyte Count, Metabolic Diseases, Cardiovascular Diseases, Risk Factors, Humans, Regression Analysis, Female, Insulin Resistance, Life Style, Original Research
Abstract

OBJECTIVE Low-grade chronic inflammation has been hypothesized to underlie the constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors, possibly by inducing insulin resistance. In the present study, we investigated associations between inflammation markers, insulin sensitivity (expressed as the ratio of the M value to the mean plasma insulin concentrations measured during the final 40 min of the clamp [M/I]), and a range of cardiometabolic risk factors in a large, healthy population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease (RISC) cohort includes 1,326 nondiabetic European men and women, aged between 30 and 60 years. We measured cardiometabolic risk factors and performed a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. We determined total white blood cell count (WBC) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as markers of chronic inflammation. RESULTS WBC and ESR were both strongly associated with M/I. WBC and ESR were further associated with a range of cardiometabolic risk factors. Associations between WBC and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, heart rate, fasting C-peptide, and insulin and 2-h insulin in men and women and between WBC and 2-h glucose in women remained significant after adjustment for both M/I and waist circumference. Associations between ESR and HDL cholesterol, heart rate, fasting, and 2-h insulin in men and women and between ESR and fat mass in women remained significant after adjustment for M/I and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that low-grade chronic inflammation is associated with the cardiometabolic risk profile of a healthy population. Insulin resistance, although strongly associated with inflammation, does not seem to play a large intermediary role.

Published
2009
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11. Birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review.

Author

Whincup PH, Kaye SJ, Owen CG, Huxley R, Cook DG, Anazawa S, Barrett-Connor E, Bhargava SK, Birgisdottir BE, Carlsson S, de Rooij SR, Dyck RF, Eriksson JG, Falkner B, Fall C, Forsén T, Grill V, Gudnason V, Hulman S, and Hyppönen E

Abstract

Context: Low birth weight is implicated as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. However, the strength, consistency, independence, and shape of the association have not been systematically examined.Objective: To conduct a quantitative systematic review examining published evidence on the association of birth weight and type 2 diabetes in adults.Data Sources and Study Selection: Relevant studies published by June 2008 were identified through literature searches using EMBASE (from 1980), MEDLINE (from 1950), and Web of Science (from 1980), with a combination of text words and Medical Subject Headings. Studies with either quantitative or qualitative estimates of the association between birth weight and type 2 diabetes were included.Data Extraction: Estimates of association (odds ratio [OR] per kilogram of increase in birth weight) were obtained from authors or from published reports in models that allowed the effects of adjustment (for body mass index and socioeconomic status) and the effects of exclusion (for macrosomia and maternal diabetes) to be examined. Estimates were pooled using random-effects models, allowing for the possibility that true associations differed between populations.Data Synthesis: Of 327 reports identified, 31 were found to be relevant. Data were obtained from 30 of these reports (31 populations; 6090 diabetes cases; 152 084 individuals). Inverse birth weight-type 2 diabetes associations were observed in 23 populations (9 of which were statistically significant) and positive associations were found in 8 (2 of which were statistically significant). Appreciable heterogeneity between populations (I(2) = 66%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 51%-77%) was largely explained by positive associations in 2 native North American populations with high prevalences of maternal diabetes and in 1 other population of young adults. In the remaining 28 populations, the pooled OR of type 2 diabetes, adjusted for age and sex, was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.70-0.81) per kilogram. The shape of the birth weight-type 2 diabetes association was strongly graded, particularly at birth weights of 3 kg or less. Adjustment for current body mass index slightly strengthened the association (OR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.70-0.82] before adjustment and 0.70 [95% CI, 0.65-0.76] after adjustment). Adjustment for socioeconomic status did not materially affect the association (OR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.70-0.84] before adjustment and 0.78 [95% CI, 0.72-0.84] after adjustment). There was no strong evidence of publication or small study bias.Conclusion: In most populations studied, birth weight was inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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14. The effects of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene on glucose/insulin metabolism interact with prenatal exposure to famine.

Author

de Rooij SR, Painter RC, Phillips DIW, Osmond C, Tanck MWT, Defesche JC, Bossuyt PMM, Michels RPJ, Bleker OP, Roseboom TJ, de Rooij, Susanne R, Painter, Rebecca C, Phillips, David I W, Osmond, Clive, Tanck, Michael W T, Defesche, Joep C, Bossuyt, Patrick M M, Michels, Robert P J, Bleker, Otto P, and Roseboom, Tessa J

Abstract

Objective: An adverse fetal environment may permanently modify the effects of specific genes on glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. In the present study, we assessed a possible interaction of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism with prenatal exposure to famine on glucose and insulin metabolism.Research Design and Methods: We measured plasma glucose and insulin concentrations after an oral glucose tolerance test and determined the PPAR-gamma2 genotype among 675 term singletons born around the time of the 1944-1945 Dutch famine.Results: A significant interaction effect between exposure to famine during midgestation and the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism was found on the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. The Ala allele of the PPAR-gamma2 gene was associated with a higher prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes but only in participants who had been prenatally exposed to famine during midgestation. Similar interactions were found for area under the curve for insulin and insulin increment ratio, which were lower for Ala carriers exposed to famine during midgestation.Conclusions: The effects of the PPAR-gamma2 Pro12Ala polymorphism on glucose and insulin metabolism may be modified by prenatal exposure to famine during midgestation. This is possibly due to a combined deficit in insulin secretion, as conferred by pancreatic beta-cell maldevelopment and carrier type of the Ala allele in the PPAR-gamma2 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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15. Variants in the SIRT1 gene may affect diabetes risk in interaction with prenatal exposure to famine.

Author

Botden IP, Zillikens MC, de Rooij SR, Langendonk JG, Danser AH, Sijbrands EJ, Roseboom TJ, Botden, Ilse P G, Zillikens, M Carola, de Rooij, Susanne R, Langendonk, Janneke G, Danser, A H Jan, Sijbrands, Eric J G, and Roseboom, Tessa J

Abstract

Objective: To investigate whether SIRT1, a nutrient-sensing histone deacetylase, influences fetal programming during malnutrition.Research Design and Methods: In 793 individuals of the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort, we analyzed the interaction between three SIRT1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and prenatal exposure to famine on type 2 diabetes risk.Results: In the total population (exposed and unexposed), SIRT1 variants were not associated with type 2 diabetes. A significant interaction was found between two SIRT1 SNPs and exposure to famine in utero on type 2 diabetes risk (P = 0.03 for rs7895833; P = 0.01 for rs1467568). Minor alleles of these SNPs were associated with a lower prevalence of type 2 diabetes only in individuals who had been exposed to famine prenatally (odds ratio for rs7895833 0.50 [95% CI 0.24-1.03], P = 0.06; for rs1467568 0.48 [0.25-0.91], P = 0.02).Conclusions: SIRT1 may be an important genetic factor involved in fetal programming during malnutrition, influencing type 2 diabetes risk later in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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16. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Author

Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Zhou, Bin, Sophiea, Marisa K, Bentham, James, Paciorek, Christopher J, Iurilli, Maria LC, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Bennett, James E, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Taddei, Cristina, Bixby, Honor, Stevens, Gretchen A, Riley, Leanne M, Cowan, Melanie J, Savin, Stefan, Danaei, Goodarz, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Malekzadeh, Reza, Miranda, J Jaime, Moon, Jin Soo, Popovic, Stevo R, Sorensen, Thorkild IA, Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Gregg, Edward W, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Black, Robert, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amiri, Parisa, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Angquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F, Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V, Jorgensen, Maja Baeksgaard, Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R, Baran, Joanna, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio JD, Barros, Mauro Virgilio Gomes, Basit, Abdul, Bastos, Joao Luiz D, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Batista, Rosangela L, Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bezerra, Jorge, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Bia, Daniel, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram M, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia V, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Bogova, Elena, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bojesen, Stig E, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Bopp, Matthias, Borghs, Herman, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn CE, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, Joao, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Brian, Garry R, Brinduse, Lacramioara, Brophy, Sinead, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas, Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, de Leon, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C, Canete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V, Capkova, Nadezda, Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardol, Marloes, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Carmuega, Esteban, Carvalho, Joana, Casajus, Jose A, Casanueva, Felipe F, Celikcan, Ertugrul, Censi, Laura, Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin, Cesar, Juraci A, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K, Chaturvedi, Nish, Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheraghian, Bahman, Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cilia, Michelle, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Cohen, Emmanuel, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C, Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L, Crampin, Amelia C, Crujeiras, Ana B, Csilla, Semanova, Cucu, Alexandra M, Cui, Liufu, Cureau, Felipe V, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dacica, Liliana, Saavedra, Maria Angeles Dal Re, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M, Dasgupta, Parasmani, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, David, De Ridder, Karin, de Rooij, Susanne R, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D, DeGennaro, Vincent, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Demarest, Stefaan, Dennison, Elaine, Deren, Katarzyna, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz-Sanchez, Maria Elena, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Djordjic, Visnja, Do, Ha TP, Dobson, Annette J, Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P, Doring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine A, Duboz, Priscilla, Duda, Rosemary B, Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C, Dushpanova, Anar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Eftekhar, Ebrahim, Egbagbe, Eruke E, Eggertsen, Robert, Eghtesad, Sareh, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El-Khateeb, Mohammad, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Enguerran, Macia, Erasmus, Rajiv T, Erbel, Raimund, Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G, Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Eslami, Saeid, Esmaeili, Ali, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fakhretdinova, Albina A, Fall, Caroline H, Faramarzi, Elnaz, Farjam, Mojtaba, Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Mohammad Reza, Fawwad, Asher, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J, Ferguson, Trevor S, Fernandes, Romulo A, Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrao, Thomas, Ferrari, Marika, Ferrario, Marco M, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Figueiro, Thamara Hubler, Fijalkowska, Anna, Fink, Gunther, Fischer, Krista, Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M, Francis, Damian K, Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D, Fuchs, Sandra C, Fujiati, Isti I, Fujita, Yuki, Fumihiko, Matsuda, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Galenkamp, 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Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilova, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, Zuziak, Monika, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 774548, Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD), Rodriguez-Martinez A, Zhou B, Sophiea MK, Bentham J, Paciorek CJ, Iurilli ML, Carrillo-Larco RM, Bennett JE, Di Cesare M, Taddei C, Bixby H, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, 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Ferrario MM, Ferreccio C, Ferrer E, Ferrieres J, Figueiró TH, Fijalkowska A, Fink G, Fischer K, Föger B, Foo LH, Forsner M, Fouad HM, Francis DK, Franco MDC, Franco OH, Frikke-Schmidt R, Frontera G, Fuchs FD, Fuchs SC, Fujiati II, Fujita Y, Fumihiko M, Furusawa T, Gaciong Z, Gafencu M, Galbarczyk A, Galenkamp H, Galeone D, Galfo M, Galvano F, Gao J, Garcia-de-la-Hera M, García-Solano M, Gareta D, Garnett SP, Gaspoz J-M, Gasull M, Gaya ACA, Gaya AR, Gazzinelli A, Gehring U, Geiger H, Geleijnse JM, Ghanbari A, Ghasemi E, Gheorghe-Fronea O-F, Giampaoli S, Gianfagna F, Gill TK, Giovannelli J, Gironella G, Giwercman A, Gkiouras K, Godos J, Gogen S, Goldsmith RA, Goltzman D, Gómez SF, Gomula A, Goncalves Cordeiro da Silva B, Gonçalves H, Gonzalez-Chica DA, Gonzalez-Gross M, González-Leon M, González-Rivas JP, González-Villalpando C, González-Villalpando M-E, Gonzalez AR, Gottrand F, Graça AP, Graff-Iversen S, Grafnetter D, Grajda A, Grammatikopoulou MG, Gregor RD, Grodzicki T, Grøholt EK, 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JM, Ibrahim MM, Ibrahim Wong N, Ikeda N, Ikram MA, Iotova V, Irazola VE, Ishida T, Islam M, Islam SMS, Iwasaki M, Jackson RT, Jacobs JM, Jaddou HY, Jafar T, James K, Jamil KM, Jamrozik K, Janszky I, Janus E, Jarani J, Jarvelin M-R, Jasienska G, Jelakovic A, Jelakovic B, Jennings G, Jha AK, Jiang CQ, Jimenez RO, Jöckel K-H, Joffres M, Johansson M, Jokelainen JJ, Jonas JB, Jørgensen T, Joshi P, Joukar F, Jovic DP, Józwiak JJ, Juolevi A, Jurak G, Jurca Simina I, Juresa V, Kaaks R, Kaducu FO, Kafatos A, Kajantie EO, Kalmatayeva Z, Kalter-Leibovici O, Kameli Y, Kanala KR, Kannan S, Kapantais E, Karki KB, Katibeh M, Katz J, Katzmarzyk PT, Kauhanen J, Kaur P, Kavousi M, Kazakbaeva GM, Keil U, Keinan Boker L, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi S, Kelishadi R, Kelleher C, Kemper HC, Keramati M, Kerimkulova A, Kersting M, Key T, Khader YS, Khalili D, Khaw K-T, Kheiri B, Kheradmand M, Khosravi A, Khouw IM, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Kiechl S, Killewo J, Kim DW, Kim HC, Kim J, Kindblom JM, Klakk H, Klimek M, 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Male, body-mass index, ADULTHOOD, Adolescents, pituuskasvu, Pediatrics, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, nuoret, Public health surveillance, Medicine, Health Status Indicators, 10. No inequality, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Body mass index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801, General Medicine, Body mass indexes, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, Geography, Health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Medical and Health sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], medicine.medical_specialty, School-aged adolescents, Socio-culturale, lapset (ikäryhmät), Nursing, territories, ravinto, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https], 03 medical and health sciences, School Children, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Humans, school-aged children and adolescents, Montenegro, education, Science & Technology, Omvårdnad, Health sciences, Medical and Health sciences, Ciências médicas e da saúde, Bayes Theorem, Anthropometry, Adolescent Development, medicine.disease, TRENDS, Height and Body-mass Index, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, UNDERNUTRITION, Height index trajectories, Height, body mass index, children , epidemiology, risk factors, growth, Stature, Demography, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Internationality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Body-mass index trajectories, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, risk factors, countries, EPIDEMIOLOGY, height, children, adolescents, BMI, 030212 general & internal medicine, painoindeksi, Child development, 2. Zero hunger, Medicine(all), School age child, obestity children cardiovascular, Population Health, 1. No poverty, Pediatrik, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Pooled analysis, NUTRITION, Female, medicine.symptom, pooled analysis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, terveys, height, BMI, nutrition, health, children, adolescents, Adolescent, growth, Population, body-mass, Population based, Body-mass index, Young Adult, Medicine, General & Internal, Meta-Analysis as Topic, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Weight gain, School-aged childrens, Age trajectories, business.industry, Height, Weight, Body Height, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, ONSET, Ciências da Saúde, Ciências médicas e da saúde, School-aged children, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801, business, terveysriskit, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents., METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence., FINDINGS: We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls., INTERPRETATION: The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks., Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU., peer-reviewed

Published
2020
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17. Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Author

Bixby, Honor, Bentham, James, Zhou, Bin, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Paciorek, Christopher J., Bennett, James E., Taddei, Cristina, Stevens, Gretchen A., Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Khang, Young-Ho, Soric, Maroje, Gregg, Edward W., Miranda, J. Jaime, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Savin, Stefan, Sophiea, Marisa K., Iurilli, Maria L. C., Solomon, Bethlehem D., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Danaei, Goodarz, Bovet, Pascal, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Hambleton, Ian R., Hayes, Alison J., Ikeda, Nayu, Kengne, Andre P., Laxmaiah, Avula, Li, Yanping, McGarvey, Stephen T., Mostafa, Aya, Neovius, Martin, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Hamid, Zargar Abdul, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Agdeppa, Imelda A., Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Bo, Lars, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E., Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V., Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. 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V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, Jose Maria, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Hyska, Jolanda, Iacoviello, Licia, Ibarluzea, Jesus M., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikram, M. 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A, Plans-Rubió P, Poh BK, Pohlabeln H, Pop RM, Popovic SR, Porta M, Portegies MLP, Posch G, Poulimeneas D, Pouraram H, Pourshams A, Poustchi H, Pradeepa R, Price AJ, Price JF, Puder JJ, Pudule I, Puhakka SE, Puiu M, Punab M, Qasrawi RF, Qorbani M, Quoc Bao T, Radhika MS, Radic I, Radisauskas R, Rahman M, Raitakari O, Raj M, Rajkumar H, Rakhmatulloev S, Ramachandra Rao S, Ramachandran A, Ramke J, Ramos E, Ramos R, Rampal L, Rampal S, Rao KM, Rascon-Pacheco RA, Rasmussen M, Redon J, Reganit PFM, Regecová V, Revilla L, Ribas-Barba L, Ribeiro R, Riboli E, Rigo F, Rinaldo N, Rinke de Wit TF, Rito A, Ritti-Dias RM, Rivera JA, Robitaille C, Rodrigues D, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Rodriguez-Perez MC, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA, Rojas-Martinez R, Rojroongwasinkul N, Romaguera D, Rosengren A, Rouse I, Roy JGR, Rubinstein A, Rühli FJ, Ruidavets J-B, Ruiz Moreno E, Ruiz-Betancourt BS, Russo P, Rust P, Rutkowski M, Sabanayagam C, Sachdev HS, Safiri S, Saidi O, Salanave B, Salazar-Martinez E, Salmerón D, Salomaa V, Salonen JT, Salvetti M, Sánchez-Abanto J, Sandjaja, Sans S, Santa-Marina L, Santos DA, Santos IS, Santos O, Santos R, Sanz SS, Saramies JL, Sardinha LB, Sarrafzadegan N, Saum K-U, Savva S, Savy M, Scazufca M, Schaffrath Rosario A, Schargrodsky H, Schienkiewitz A, Schindler K, Schipf S, Schmidt CO, Schmidt IM, Schöttker B, Schultsz C, Schutte AE, Sebert S, Sein AA, Selamat R, Sember V, Sen A, Senbanjo IO, Sepanlou SG, Sequera V, Serra-Majem L, Servais J, Shalnova SA, Sharma SK, Shaw JE, Shengelia L, Shibuya K, Shimizu-Furusawa H, Shin DW, Shin Y, Siani A, Siantar R, Sibai AM, Silva AM, Silva DAS, Simon M, Simons J, Simons LA, Si-Ramlee K, Sjöberg A, Sjöström M, Slowikowska-Hilczer J, Slusarczyk P, Smeeth L, Snijder MB, So H-K, Sobngwi E, Söderberg S, Soekatri MYE, Soemantri A, Solfrizzi V, Sonestedt E, Song Y, Sørensen TIA, Sossa Jérome C, Soumaré A, Spinelli A, Spiroski I, Staessen JA, Stamm H, Stathopoulou MG, Staub K, Stavreski B, Steene-Johannessen J, Stehle P, Stein AD, Stergiou GS, Stessman J, Stöckl D, Stocks T, Stokwiszewski J, Stratton G, Stronks K, Strufaldi MW, Sturua L, Suárez-Medina R, Sun C-A, Sundström J, Sung Y-T, Sunyer J, Suriyawongpaisal P, Swinburn BA, Sy RG, Sylva RC, Szponar L, Tai ES, Tammesoo M-L, Tamosiunas A, Tan EJ, Tang X, Tanser F, Tao Y, Tarawneh MR, Tarp J, Tarqui-Mamani CB, Taxová Braunerová R, Taylor A, Tchibindat F, Tebar WR, Tell G, Tello T, Theobald H, Theodoridis X, Thijs L, Thuesen BH, Tichá L, Timmermans EJ, Tjonneland A, Tolonen HK, Tolstrup JS, Topbas M, Topór-Madry R, Tormo MJ, Tornaritis MJ, Torrent M, Toselli S, Traissac P, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A, Trinh OTH, Trivedi A, Tsao Y-H, Tshepo L, Tsigga M, Tsugane S, Tulloch-Reid MK, Tullu F, Tuomainen T-P, Tuomilehto J, Turley ML, Tynelius P, Tzotzas T, Tzourio C, Ueda P, Ugel EE, Ukoli FAM, Ulmer H, Unal B, Uusitalo HMT, Vaitkeviciute J, Valdivia G, Vale S, Valvi D, van der Schouw YT, Van Herck K, Van Minh H, van Rossem L, Van Schoor NM, van Valkengoed IGM, Vanderschueren D, Vanuzzo D, Varela-Moreiras G, Varona-Pérez P, Vatten L, Vega T, Veidebaum T, Velasquez-Melendez G, Velika B, Veronesi G, Verschuren WMM, Victora CG, Viegi G, Viet L, Vineis P, Vioque J, Virtanen JK, Visser M, Visvikis-Siest S, Viswanathan B, Vlasoff T, Vollenweider P, Völzke H, Voutilainen A, Voutilainen S, Vrijheid M, Vrijkotte TGM, Wade AN, Wagner A, Waldhör T, Walton J, Wan Bebakar WM, Wan Mohamud WN, Wanderley RS, Jr, Wang M-D, Wang Q, Wang X, Wang YX, Wang Y-W, Wannamethee SG, Wareham N, Weber A, Weerasekera D, Weghuber D, Wei W, Whincup PH, Widhalm K, Widyahening IS, Wiecek A, Wijga AH, Wilks RJ, Willeit J, Willeit P, Wilsgaard T, Wojtyniak B, Wong JE, Wong TY, Wong-McClure RA, Woo J, Woodward M, Wu FC, Wu J, Wu S, Xu H, Xu L, Yamborisut U, Yan W, Yang L, Yang X, Yang Y, Yardim N, Yaseri M, Ye X, Yiallouros PK, Yngve A, Yoosefi M, Yoshihara A, You QS, You S-L, Younger-Coleman NO, Yusoff AF, Zaccagni L, Zafiropulos V, Zamani F, Zambon S, Zampelas A, Zamrazilová H, Zapata ME, Zaw KK, Zdrojewski T, Zeljkovic Vrkic T, Zeng Y, Zhao D, Zhao W, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Zholdin B, Zhou M, Zhu D, Zhussupov B, Zimmermann E, Zuñiga Cisneros J, Ezzati M, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, Epidemiology and Data Science, Public and occupational health, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, and APH - Personalized Medicine

Subjects
Male, Rural Population, obesity, Obesity, body mass index, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Letter, Urban Population, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], humanos, body-mass index, adolescente, Geographic Mapping, Sex Factor, países desarrollados, Rural Health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.09 [https], systematic analysis, Body Mass Index, países en desarrollo, 80 and over, risk factors, Age Factor, physical-activity, mediana edad, mapeo geográfico, Aged, 80 and over, anciano, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.18 [https], dieta, Age Factors, health, adulto, Middle Aged, Multidisciplinary Sciences, adulto joven, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], estado nutricional, nutrition, Science & Technology - Other Topics, NUTRITION, Female, HEALTH, pooled analysis, Diet, Healthy, worldwide trends, Human, Developed Countrie, Adult, Adolescent, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.04 [https], FOOD SYSTEM, Socio-culturale, Nutritional Status, URBAN, Aged, Developed Countries, Developing Countries, Humans, Obesity, Sex Factors, Urban Health, Young Adult, POOLED ANALYSIS, Developing Countrie, MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Urban rural Obesity Body-Mass-Index, obesidad, Middle-income countries, food system, urban, weight, Healthy, Science & Technology, índice de masa corporal, Diet, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, WORLDWIDE TRENDS, Risk factors, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, WEIGHT
Abstract

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities(.)(1,2) This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity(3-6). Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017-and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions-was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing-and in some countries reversal-of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories., This study was funded by the Wellcome Trust. H.B. was supported by a Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Partnership Studentship, J.B. by a Royal Society Research Grant, and M.D.C. by an Academy of Medical Sciences Springboard Award. We thank L. Jaacks, B. Popkin, S. Sundberg and W. Willett for recommendations of relevant citations. The authors are responsible for the views expressed in this Letter and they do not necessarily represent the views, decisions, or policies of the institutions with which they are affiliated.

Published
2019
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18. Maternal stress in the early postpartum period is associated with alterations in human milk microbiome composition.

Author

Juncker HG, Jakobsen RR, Naninck EFG, Davids M, Herrema H, van Goudoever JB, de Rooij SR, and Korosi A

Abstract

Background: Maternal stress is associated with negative early-life development and (mental)health outcomes. There is recent evidence that maternal stress in the postpartum period impacts the nutrient composition of human milk (HM). However, it is currently not known whether maternal stress is associated with changes in the HM microbiome during the critical early postpartum period., Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, lactating women were recruited into a high-stress (HS, n = 23) and control (CTL, n = 69) group. The HS group included mothers with infants hospitalized for at least two days. Maternal stress was assessed using validated questionnaires and cortisol concentrations in hair, saliva and HM. HM was collected at days 10 and 24 and its microbiome was analyzed using 16 s rRNA sequencing. HM bacterial composition was compared between study groups and their correlation with maternal stress levels, maternal characteristics and infant outcomes was determined., Results: HM microbiome β-diversity differed significantly between study groups, with HS mothers displaying decreased abundance of Streptococcus, Gemella, and Veillonella, and increased levels of Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and Acinetobacter compared to the control group. While the strongest correlation of β-diversity was with stress, HM microbiome β-diversity also correlated significantly with maternal education level and infant sex. No correlation between HM microbiome composition and HM cortisol concentrations was found., Conclusions: This study demonstrates stress-associated alterations in the early HM microbiome that could potentially contribute to early gut colonization and subsequent (mental)health outcomes. Future research is needed to elucidate the physiological significance of these changes for infant development and health., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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19. How can early stress influence later Alzheimer risk? Possible mediators and underlying mechanisms.

Author

Lucassen PJ, Korosi A, de Rooij SR, Smit AB, Dam AV, Daskalakis NP, Van Kesteren RE, Verheijen MHG, Lesuis SL, Kessels HW, and Krugers HJ

Abstract

Alzheimer's Disease is a progressive, age-related neurodegenerative disorder to which genetic mutations and risk factors contribute. Evidence is increasing that also environmental and lifestyle-related factors, like exercise, nutrition, education, and also exposure to (early life) stress modify the onset, incidence and progression of Alzheimer's Disease. We here discuss recent preclinical findings on putative substrates that can explain or contribute to effects of stress early in life on the risk to develop Alzheimer's Disease. We focus in particular on stress hormones, neural networks, synapses, mitochondria, nutrient and lipid metabolism, adult neurogenesis, engram cell ensembles and neuroinflammation. We discuss that stress-exposure early in life can alter these processes, either combined or in isolation, thereby reducing the capacity of the brain to resist deleterious consequences of for example β-amyloid accumulation thereby accelerating cognitive decline and progression of Alzheimer-related changes, in model systems of the disease. A better understanding of whether experiences early in human life also modify trajectories of cognitive decline and pathology in Alzheimer's Disease, and how the substrates discussed translate to the human situation may help to develop novel preventive and/or therapeutic strategies to mitigate the consequences of stressors early in life, and increase resilience to develop dementia., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2024
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20. On the edge of the social media landscape: associations with adolescent substance use and moderation by parental rules.

Author

Bozhar H, de Rooij SR, Lok A, Vrijkotte T, and Larsen H

Abstract

Background: Adolescent problematic social media use (PSMU) has been increasing. Digital engagement has been associated with substance use, but little is known about the potential protective role of parents. We investigated whether screen and substance-related parental rules moderated the associations between (problematic) SMU and intake of tobacco, alcohol, hashish/marijuana, and laughing gas., Methods: We used data from the Amsterdam Born Children and Development study (N = 1787; Mage = 15.86 years; SD = 0.36). Both frequent and problematic SMU in relation to tobacco, alcohol, hashish/marijuana, and laughing gas intake levels; and moderation by perceived parental rules (screen/substances), was tested with ordinal logistic regression models., Results: PSMU was associated with higher chances of higher substance use levels. Hashish/marijuana use and heavy drinking were less prevalent in adolescents reporting the presence of parental rules on alcohol/drugs, compared to adolescents reporting no rules. Although parental rules on alcohol/drugs, but not screen time, moderated the relationship between PSMU and both hashish/marijuana use and heavy drinking, the moderation effect was modest, especially in mitigating substance use at higher PSMU-scores., Conclusion: PSMU was positively associated with a wide range of substance use behaviours. The potential significant role of parental rules (alcohol/drugs) mitigating these associations are highlighted., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health.)

Published
2024
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21. Examining associations of air pollution and green space with depressive symptoms in adults: A LongITools cross-cohort analysis.

Author

Motoc I, Ginos BNR, Goncalves Soares A, Elhakeem A, Voortman T, Kavousi M, Luik AI, Roseboom TJ, and de Rooij SR

Abstract

Objectives: Evidence suggests that high levels of air pollution and less green space increase depressive symptoms in adults. However, results are mixed and cross-cohort comparisons are scarce, largely due to heterogeneity in exposure assessment. Also, the impact of these exposures on the trajectory of depressive symptoms over time has been less studied. We investigated the association of air pollution and green space with depressive symptoms in adulthood and whether these exposures modify the trajectory of depressive symptoms leveraging harmonized data from four population-based cohorts across the Netherlands and United Kingdom (UK)., Methods: We analyzed data from the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort (DFBC) (n = 840, baseline ages: 56-61), and the Rotterdam Study (RS) (RS-I n = 4,049, baseline ages: 61-101 and RS-II n = 2,861, baseline ages: 55-99), in the Netherlands, and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (n = 17,100, baseline ages: 18-71) in the UK, each using a different validated instrument for depressive symptoms, with 3-11 repeated measures. European-wide environmental data was linked to participants' addresses at baseline. Linear mixed-models were used to estimate associations of air pollution and green space with standardized cohort-specific depressive symptoms, and whether these exposures modify the trajectory of depressive symptoms., Results: Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) was positively associated with overall higher standardized depressive symptom scores in ALSPAC and RS-I (β per 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 : 0.07 SD, 95%CI 0.02, 0.11 and 0.13 SD, 95%CI 0.02, 0.24, respectively). Exposure to higher normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) at 300 m buffer was associated with lower depressive symptoms in DFBC (β per 0.1 increase in NDVI: 0.08, 95%CI -0.14, -0.01). In RS-II, the positive effect of higher NDVI at 300-m buffer on depressive symptoms decreased over time, but this effect was very small (β per 0.1 increase in NDVI: 0.01 SD per year, 95%CI 0.00, 0.01)., Conclusion: Air pollution in the form of particulate matter as well as green space were associated with depressive symptoms across multiple cohorts. In the majority of cohorts, depressive symptoms increased with age, but we found little evidence that trajectories of depressive symptoms are influenced by exposure to environmental variables., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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22. Women exposed to famine in early gestation have increased mortality up to age 76 years.

Author

Wiegersma AM, Roseboom TJ, and de Rooij SR

Abstract

Background: We have previously shown that exposure to famine in early gestation was associated with poorer adult health and, in women, with reduced survival up to age 64., Objectives: Here, we explore the association between prenatal famine exposure and mortality up to age 76 for men and women separately., Methods: We studied adult mortality (>18 years) in men (n = 989) and women (n = 1002) born as term singletons around the time of the 1944-1945 Dutch famine. We compared overall and cause-specific mortality among men and women exposed to famine in late, mid, or early gestation to that among unexposed persons (born before or conceived after the famine) using Cox regression., Results: In total, 500 persons (25.1%) had died after age 18. Women exposed to famine in early gestation had higher overall (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.00, 2.23), cancer (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.32,3.58) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 2.33, 95% CI 0.91, 5.95) compared to unexposed women. Mortality rates among men were not different between exposure groups., Conclusion: This study showed that women, but not men, exposed to famine in early gestation had increased overall, cardiovascular and cancer mortality up to age 76. Although prenatal famine exposure affects adult health of both men and women, it seems to only lead to increased mortality among women., (© 2024 The Author(s). Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2024
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23. Prenatal exposure to undernutrition is associated with a specific lipid profile predicting future brain aging.

Author

Snowden SG, Koulman A, Gaser C, la Fleur SE, Roseboom TJ, Korosi A, and de Rooij SR

Abstract

Prenatal adversity affects cognitive and brain aging. Both lipid and leptin concentrations may be involved. We investigated if prenatal undernutrition is associated with a specific blood lipid profile and/or leptin concentrations, and if these relate to cognitive function and brain aging. 801 plasma samples of members of the Dutch famine birth cohort were assessed for lipidomics and leptin at age 58. Cognitive performance was measured with a Stroop task at 58, and MRI-based BrainAGE was derived in a subsample at 68. Out of 259 lipid signals, a signature of five identified individuals who were undernourished prenatally. These five lipids were not associated with cognitive performance, but three were predictive of BrainAGE. Leptin was not associated with prenatal famine exposure, Stroop performance, or BrainAGE. In conclusion, prenatal undernutrition was associated with an altered lipid profile predictive of BrainAGE 10 years later, demonstrating the potential of lipid profiles as early biomarkers for accelerated brain aging., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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24. Associations Between Early-Pregnancy Vitamin D Status and Postpartum Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms.

Author

Domacassé D, de Rooij SR, Vrijkotte T, de Jonge A, and Henrichs J

Subjects
Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Adult, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Trimester, First blood, Pregnancy Complications epidemiology, Pregnancy Complications blood, Netherlands epidemiology, Depression, Postpartum blood, Depression, Postpartum epidemiology, Vitamin D Deficiency epidemiology, Vitamin D Deficiency blood, Anxiety epidemiology, Anxiety blood, Vitamin D blood, C-Reactive Protein analysis, C-Reactive Protein metabolism
Abstract

Objective: Maternal postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms are risk factors for subsequent maternal and child mental health problems. Little is known about the potential role of antepartum vitamin D and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the etiology of maternal postpartum affective symptoms. We investigated associations between antepartum vitamin D status and postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms and whether antepartum CRP mediated these associations., Methods: In 2483 participants of the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development prospective cohort, maternal serum vitamin D and CRP were measured at a median of 13 weeks' gestation. Vitamin D status was defined as deficient (≤29.9 nM), insufficient (30-49.9 nM), sufficient (50-79.9 nM), or normal (≥80 nM). Maternal depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression) and anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) were assessed 3 months postpartum., Results: After adjustments for confounders, vitamin D deficiency was only associated with increased postpartum anxiety symptoms ( B = 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.03-0.30, p = .017) compared to normal vitamin D levels (≥80 nM). In women not taking vitamin D supplementation ( n = 2303), vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased postpartum depressive and anxiety symptoms ( B = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03-0.28, p = .045; and B = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.03-0.32, p = .015). Antepartum CRP did not mediate these links., Conclusions: We found some evidence that antepartum vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased postpartum affective symptoms, especially in women not taking vitamin D supplementation. Clinical trials should determine whether vitamin D supplementation can reduce the risk for postpartum affective disorders., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Psychosomatic Society.)

Published
2024
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25. Aging, sex, metabolic and life experience factors: Contributions to neuro-inflammaging in Alzheimer's disease research.

Author

Singhaarachchi PH, Antal P, Calon F, Culmsee C, Delpech JC, Feldotto M, Geertsema J, Hoeksema EE, Korosi A, Layé S, McQualter J, de Rooij SR, Rummel C, Slayo M, Sominsky L, and Spencer SJ

Subjects
Humans, Animals, Neuroinflammatory Diseases immunology, Neuroinflammatory Diseases metabolism, Inflammation metabolism, Brain metabolism, Brain physiopathology, Alzheimer Disease metabolism, Alzheimer Disease physiopathology, Aging physiology, Aging metabolism
Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is prevalent around the world, yet our understanding of the disease is still very limited. Recent work suggests that the cornerstone of AD may include the inflammation that accompanies it. Failure of a normal pro-inflammatory immune response to resolve may lead to persistent central inflammation that contributes to unsuccessful clearance of amyloid-beta plaques as they form, neuronal death, and ultimately cognitive decline. Individual metabolic, and dietary (lipid) profiles can differentially regulate this inflammatory process with aging, obesity, poor diet, early life stress and other inflammatory factors contributing to a greater risk of developing AD. Here, we integrate evidence for the interface between these factors, and how they contribute to a pro-inflammatory brain milieu. In particular, we discuss the importance of appropriate polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the diet for the metabolism of specialised pro-resolving mediators (SPMs); raising the possibility for dietary strategies to improve AD outlook., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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26. Brain activity during Stroop task performance at age 74 after exposure to the Dutch famine during early gestation.

Author

Boots A, Schrantee A, Wiegersma AM, Aflalo S, Groot PFC, Roseboom TJ, and de Rooij SR

Subjects
Humans, Female, Male, Pregnancy, Aged, Netherlands, Prefrontal Cortex diagnostic imaging, Gyrus Cinguli diagnostic imaging, Gyrus Cinguli physiology, Parietal Lobe diagnostic imaging, Parietal Lobe physiology, Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Stroop Test, Famine, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects physiopathology
Abstract

Objective: Poorer performance on the Stroop task has been reported after prenatal famine exposure at age 58, potentially indicating cognitive decline. We investigated whether brain activation during Stroop task performance at age 74 differed between individuals exposed to famine prenatally, individuals born before and individuals conceived after the famine., Method: In the Dutch famine birth cohort, we performed a Stroop task fMRI study of individuals exposed (n = 22) or unexposed (born before (n = 18) or conceived after (n = 25)) to famine in early gestation. We studied group differences in task-related mean activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Additionally, we explored potential disconnectivity of the DLPFC using psychophysiological interaction analysis., Results: We observed similar activation patterns in the DLPFC, ACC and PPC in individuals born before and individuals exposed to famine, while individuals conceived after famine had generally higher activation patterns. However, activation patterns were not significantly different between groups. Task-related decreases in connectivity were observed between left DLPFC-left PPC and right DLPFC-right PPC, but were not significantly different between groups., Conclusions: Although not statistically significant, the observed patterns of activation may reflect a combined effect of general brain aging and prenatal famine exposure., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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27. Prenatal Exposure to the 1944-45 Dutch Famine and Risk for Dementia up to Age 75: An Analysis of Primary Care Data.

Author

Wiegersma AM, Boots A, van Bussel EF, Lissenberg-Witte BI, Nielen MMJ, Roseboom TJ, and de Rooij SR

Subjects
Humans, Female, Male, Pregnancy, Netherlands epidemiology, Aged, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Incidence, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects epidemiology, Dementia epidemiology, Dementia etiology, Famine
Abstract

Background: A poor prenatal environment adversely affects brain development. Studies investigating long-term consequences of prenatal exposure to the 1944-45 Dutch famine have shown that those exposed to famine in early gestation had poorer selective attention, smaller brain volumes, poorer brain perfusion, older appearing brains, and increased reporting of cognitive problems, all indicative of increased dementia risk., Objective: In the current population-based study, we investigated whether dementia incidence up to age 75 was higher among individuals who had been prenatally exposed to famine., Methods: We included men (n=6,714) and women (n=7,051) from the Nivel Primary Care Database who had been born in seven cities affected by the Dutch famine. We used Cox regression to compare dementia incidence among individuals exposed to famine during late (1,231), mid (1,083), or early gestation (601) with those unexposed (born before or conceived after the famine)., Results: We did not observe differences in dementia incidence for those exposed to famine in mid or early gestation compared to those unexposed. Men and women exposed to famine in late gestation had significantly lower dementia rates compared to unexposed individuals (HR 0.52 (95%CI 0.30-0.89)). Sex-specific analyses showed a lower dementia rate in women exposed to famine in late gestation (HR 0.39 (95%CI 0.17-0.86)) but not in men (HR 0.68 (95%CI 0.33-1.41))., Conclusion: Although prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine has previously been associated with measures of accelerated brain aging, the present population-based study did not show increased dementia incidence up to age 75 in those exposed to famine during gestation., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Published
2024
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28. Maternal stress is associated with higher protein-bound amino acid concentrations in human milk.

Author

Juncker HG, Naninck EFG, van Keulen BJ, Harinck JE, Schipper L, Lucassen PJ, van Goudoever JB, de Rooij SR, and Korosi A

Abstract

Background: Maternal stress in the postpartum period affects not only the mother but also her newborn child, who is at increased risk of developing metabolic and mental disorders later in life. The mechanisms by which stress is transmitted to the infant are not yet fully understood. Human milk (HM) is a potential candidate as maternal stress affects various components of HM, e.g., fat and immunoglobulin concentrations. To date, it is unknown whether maternal stress also affects the amino acids (AAs) in HM, even though this nutrient is of extreme importance to child health and development. This study aimed to investigate whether and how maternal stress is associated with the AA composition of HM., Methods: In this observational cohort study (Amsterdam, The Netherlands), lactating women were recruited in two study groups: a high-stress (HS) group; women whose child was hospitalized ( n = 24), and a control (CTL) group; women who gave birth to a healthy child ( n = 73). HM was collected three times a day, on postpartum days 10, 17, and 24. Perceived psychological stress was measured using validated questionnaires, while biological stress measures were based on hair, saliva, and HM cortisol concentrations. HM protein-bound and free AAs were analyzed by liquid chromatography and compared between groups., Results: Maternal perceived stress scores were higher in the HS group ( p < 0.01). The concentrations of protein-bound AAs in HM were higher in the HS group compared to the CTL group ( p = 0.028) and were positively associated with HM cortisol concentrations ( p = 0.024). The concentrations of free AAs did not differ between study groups and were unrelated to cortisol concentrations., Conclusion: Findings from this prospective cohort study suggest that maternal stress in the postpartum period is associated with an altered human milk amino acid composition, which could play a role in the transmission of maternal stress effects to her child. The physiological implications of these stress-induced changes for infant development await future research., Competing Interests: JG is the founder and director of the Dutch National Human Milk Bank and a member of the National Health Council. JG has been a member of the National Breastfeeding Council from March 2010 to March 2020. LS was employed by Danone Nutricia Research. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Juncker, Naninck, van Keulen, Harinck, Schipper, Lucassen, van Goudoever, de Rooij and Korosi.)

Published
2023
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29. The impact of adversities across the lifespan on psychological symptom profiles in late adulthood: a latent profile analysis.

Author

Hilberdink CE, van Zuiden M, Olff M, Roseboom TJ, and de Rooij SR

Subjects
Male, Child, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Mental Health, Surveys and Questionnaires, Longevity, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic epidemiology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic etiology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic psychology
Abstract

People commonly face adverse circumstances throughout life, which increases risk for psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Adversities may occur during different periods in life. Especially adversity during early periods has been suggested to put individuals at risk for adverse mental health outcomes. Here, we investigated whether timing of adversity during the prenatal period, childhood, or mid-to-late adulthood differentially impacted classification into late adulthood symptom profiles. We performed sex-stratified Latent Profile Analysis to identify latent profiles regarding anxious, depressive, psychotic, and PTSD symptoms in n = 568 Dutch famine birth cohort members ( n = 294 women, n = 274 men, mean age(SD) = 72.9(0.8)). Cross-sectional late adulthood symptomatology, childhood traumatic maltreatment, and adulthood trauma were based on self-report questionnaires. Prenatal adversity was considered present when individuals were prenatally exposed to the 1944-45 Dutch famine. In both men and women we identified one anxious/depressive profile and three profiles with approximately equal severity of all symptom types within each profile, yet differentiating in overall severity (low, mild, high) between profiles. We additionally found a PTSD symptom profile in women. In men, logistic regression models showed significant associations between prenatal, childhood and adulthood adversity, and profile classification, with differential effects depending on timing and most profound effects of child maltreatment. In women, childhood and adulthood adversity significantly increased classification probability into almost all profiles, with no significant effect of prenatal adversity. These findings support a time-dependent and sex-specific impact of adversity during different periods across the lifespan on psychological health, with consequences into late adulthood.

Published
2023
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30. Do prenatal factors shape the risk for dementia?: A systematic review of the epidemiological evidence for the prenatal origins of dementia.

Author

Wiegersma AM, Boots A, Langendam MW, Limpens J, Shenkin SD, Korosi A, Roseboom TJ, and de Rooij SR

Abstract

Purpose: Prenatal factors such as maternal stress, infection and nutrition affect fetal brain development and may also influence later risk for dementia. The purpose of this systematic review was to provide an overview of all studies which investigated the association between prenatal factors and later risk for dementia., Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase for original human studies reporting on associations between prenatal factors and dementia from inception to 23 November 2022. Prenatal factors could be any factor assessed during pregnancy, at birth or postnatally, provided they were indicative of a prenatal exposure. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. We followed PRISMA guidelines for reporting., Results: A total of 68 studies met eligibility criteria (including millions of individuals), assessing maternal age (N = 30), paternal age (N = 22), birth order (N = 15), season of birth (N = 16), place of birth (N = 13), prenatal influenza pandemic (N = 1) or Chinese famine exposure (N = 1), birth characteristics (N = 3) and prenatal hormone exposure (N = 4). We observed consistent results for birth in a generally less optimal environment (e.g. high infant mortality area) being associated with higher dementia risk. Lower and higher birth weight and prenatal famine exposure were associated with higher dementia risk. The studies on season of birth, digit ratio, prenatal influenza pandemic exposure, parental age and birth order showed inconsistent results and were hampered by relatively high risk of bias., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that some prenatal factors, especially those related to a suboptimal prenatal environment, are associated with an increased dementia risk. As these associations may be confounded by factors such as parental socioeconomic status, more research is needed to examine the potential causal role of the prenatal environment in dementia., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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31. Shaping the risk for late-life neurodegenerative disease: A systematic review on prenatal risk factors for Alzheimer's disease-related volumetric brain biomarkers.

Author

Boots A, Wiegersma AM, Vali Y, van den Hof M, Langendam MW, Limpens J, Backhouse EV, Shenkin SD, Wardlaw JM, Roseboom TJ, and de Rooij SR

Subjects
Humans, Female, Pregnancy, Child, Placenta pathology, Brain pathology, Biomarkers, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Risk Factors, Alzheimer Disease psychology, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
Abstract

Environmental exposures including toxins and nutrition may hamper the developing brain in utero, limiting the brain's reserve capacity and increasing the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize all currently available evidence for the association between prenatal exposures and AD-related volumetric brain biomarkers. We systematically searched MEDLINE and Embase for studies in humans reporting on associations between prenatal exposure(s) and AD-related volumetric brain biomarkers, including whole brain volume (WBV), hippocampal volume (HV) and/or temporal lobe volume (TLV) measured with structural magnetic resonance imaging (PROSPERO; CRD42020169317). Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. We identified 79 eligible studies (search date: August 30th, 2020; Ntotal=24,784; median age 10.7 years) reporting on WBV (N = 38), HV (N = 63) and/or TLV (N = 5) in exposure categories alcohol (N = 30), smoking (N = 7), illicit drugs (N = 14), mental health problems (N = 7), diet (N = 8), disease, treatment and physiology (N = 10), infections (N = 6) and environmental exposures (N = 3). Overall risk of bias was low. Prenatal exposure to alcohol, opioids, cocaine, nutrient shortage, placental dysfunction and maternal anemia was associated with smaller brain volumes. We conclude that the prenatal environment is important in shaping the risk for late-life neurodegenerative disease., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest none., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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33. Exposure to the Dutch Famine in Early Gestation and Cognitive Function and Decline in Older Age.

Author

Wiegersma AM, Boots A, Roseboom TJ, and de Rooij SR

Subjects
Male, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Aged, Middle Aged, Famine, Cohort Studies, Cognition, Netherlands epidemiology, Starvation complications, Malnutrition complications, Malnutrition epidemiology, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
Abstract

People exposed to the 1944-1945 Dutch famine in early gestation performed worse on a selective attention task at age 58 and reported more cognitive problems at age 72. We here hypothesized that undernutrition in early gestation is associated with poorer cognitive functioning in older age and a higher rate of cognitive decline. We tested this hypothesis in the Dutch famine birth cohort in men and women combined and separately. We assessed cognitive function using a Stroop-like, trail-making and 15-word task (at ages 68 and 74) and the Montreal cognitive assessment as well as self-perceived cognitive problems (at age 74) in 73 men ( n = 34) and women ( n = 39). We compared cognitive function and decline (change in cognitive function between age 68 and 74) between those exposed in early gestation and those not exposed (born before or conceived after the famine). Although in both men and women cognitive function declined from age 68 to 74, cognitive task scores and the rate of decline did not differ between those exposed or unexposed to famine. At age 74, men exposed to famine in early gestation more often reported cognitive problems, although this was not statistically different from unexposed men (OR 3.1 [95%CI 0.7 to 13.0]). We did not find evidence of increased cognitive decline after prenatal undernutrition. Selective participation and mortality may have hampered our ability to detect potential true effects. The self-perceived cognitive problems among men who had been exposed to famine in early gestation might be an indication of future dementia risk.

Published
2023
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34. Effects of prenatal exposure to the 1944-45 Dutch famine and glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms on later life PTSD susceptibility.

Author

Gultig KD, de Rooij SR, Hilberdink CE, Olff M, Roseboom TJ, and van Zuiden M

Subjects
Adult, Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Aged, Male, Receptors, Glucocorticoid genetics, Famine, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic genetics, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects genetics
Abstract

Background: Exposure to adversity in utero is thought to increase susceptibility to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following later life trauma, due to neurobiological programming effects during critical developmental periods. It remains unknown whether effects of prenatal adversity on PTSD susceptibility are modulated by genetic variations in neurobiological pathways implicated in PTSD susceptibility. Objective: We investigated whether genetic variation in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) modulated effects of prenatal famine exposure on late adulthood PTSD symptom severity after trauma exposure in childhood and mid-to-late adulthood. Method: We included N = 439 term-born singleton adults (mean age: 72 years, 54.2% women) from the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort, born around the time of the Dutch Famine of 1944/1945, divided into exposure and control groups based on timing of the famine during gestation. Participants filled out self-report questionnaires on childhood (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and mid-to-late adulthood (Life Events Checklist for DSM-5) trauma, and current PTSD symptom severity (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5). GR haplotypes were determined from four functional GR single nucleotide polymorphisms (ER22/23EK, N363S, Bcl I and exon 9β) in previously collected DNA. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate associations of GR haplotype and prenatal famine exposure in conjunction with later life trauma on PTSD symptom severity. Results: We observed a significant three-way interaction between the GR B cl l haplotype, famine exposure during early gestation, and adulthood trauma exposure on PTSD symptom severity in late adulthood. Only participants exposed to famine during early gestation without the GR B cl l haplotype showed a significantly stronger positive association between adulthood trauma and PTSD symptom severity than non-exposed participants, indicating increased PTSD susceptibility. Conclusions: Our results illustrate the importance of integrated approaches considering genetics and environmental contexts throughout various life periods, including the rarely investigated prenatal environment, to elucidate how PTSD susceptibility evolves throughout life. HIGHLIGHTS Adversity during pregnancy is thought to increase offspring's PTSD risk following later life trauma, but exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown.We found that effects of prenatal famine exposure on PTSD symptom severity were influenced by genetic variation in the glucocorticoid receptor, which signals effects of the stress hormone cortisol.Integrated approaches considering genetics and environmental contexts throughout both early and later life are important to understand how PTSD risk evolves throughout life.

Published
2023
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35. The gut microbiota and depressive symptoms across ethnic groups.

Author

Bosch JA, Nieuwdorp M, Zwinderman AH, Deschasaux M, Radjabzadeh D, Kraaij R, Davids M, de Rooij SR, and Lok A

Subjects
Humans, Ghana, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Depression
Abstract

The gut microbiome is thought to play a role in depressive disorders, which makes it an attractive target for interventions. Both the microbiome and depressive symptom levels vary substantially across ethnic groups. Thus, any intervention for depression targeting the microbiome requires understanding of microbiome-depression associations across ethnicities. Analysing data from the HELIUS cohort, we characterize the gut microbiota and its associations with depressive symptoms in 6 ethnic groups (Dutch, South-Asian Surinamese, African Surinamese, Ghanaian, Turkish, Moroccan; N = 3211), living in the same urban area. Diversity of the gut microbiota, both within (α-diversity) and between individuals (β-diversity), predicts depressive symptom levels, taking into account demographic, behavioural, and medical differences. These associations do not differ between ethnic groups. Further, β-diversity explains 29%-18% of the ethnic differences in depressive symptoms. Bacterial genera associated with depressive symptoms belong to mulitple families, prominently including the families Christensenellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae. In summary, the results show that the gut microbiota are linked to depressive symptom levels and that this association generalizes across ethnic groups. Moreover, the results suggest that ethnic differences in the gut microbiota may partly explain parallel disparities in depression., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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36. Maternal stress in the postpartum period is associated with altered human milk fatty acid composition.

Author

Juncker HG, Naninck EFG, Schipper L, Lucassen PJ, van Goudoever JB, de Rooij SR, and Korosi A

Subjects
Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Female, Lactation, Prospective Studies, Hydrocortisone analysis, Postpartum Period, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated analysis, Breast Feeding, Milk, Human chemistry, Fatty Acids analysis
Abstract

Background & Aims: Maternal stress in the postpartum period affects not only the mother, but also her newborn child who is at increased risk for a wide range of disorders later in life. The mechanisms underlying transmission of maternal stress to the child remain elusive. Human milk (HM) is a potential candidate and is an important source of fatty acid (FA), which are crucial for child (neuro)development. This study aims to investigate whether maternal psychological and biological stress influences HM FA composition over the first month postpartum., Methods: The Amsterdam Mother's Milk study is a prospective cohort study. We included lactating women who delivered at term with a large range of stress levels: a high stress (HS) group, women whose child was hospitalized for a minimum of 2 days (n=23) and a control (CTL) group, women who gave birth to a healthy child (n=73). HM was collected three times a day at postpartum days 10, 17 and 24. Perceived psychological stress was measured using multiple validated questionnaires, while biological stress measures were based on cortisol in hair, saliva and HM. HM FAs were analyzed by gas-chromatography and compared between groups., Results: Maternal perceived stress scores were significantly higher in the HS group (p < 0.01), whereas cortisol measurements did not differ between groups. The absolute concentrations of total FA in HM (p=0.023), including the total amount of poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (p=0.022) and omega-6 PUFAs (p=0.018), were lower in the HS group compared to the CTL group. Relative values of FAs did not differ between groups., Conclusion: Maternal stress in the first month postpartum was associated with overall lower levels of FA in HM. This possibly indicates a route of transmission of maternal stress signals to the infant. Future research should investigate if these stress-induced changes in HM FAs have consequences for child development., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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37. Cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress and academic achievement.

Author

Ginty AT, Tyra AT, Young DA, Brindle RC, de Rooij SR, and Williams SE

Subjects
Blood Pressure physiology, Cardiac Output physiology, Heart Rate physiology, Humans, Stress, Psychological, Academic Success
Abstract

Cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress have been associated with cognitive function. However, previous work has assessed cardiovascular reactions and cognitive function in the laboratory at the same time. The present study examined the association between cardiovascular reactions to acute psychological stress in the laboratory and academic performance in final year high school students. Heart rate, blood pressure, stroke volume, and cardiac output reactions to an acute psychological stress task were measured in 131 participants during their final year of high school. Performance on high school A-levels were obtained the following year. Higher heart rate and cardiac output reactivity were associated with better A-level performance. These associations were still statistically significant after adjusting for a wide range of potentially confounding variables. The present results are consistent with a body of literature suggesting that higher heart rate reactions to acute psychological stress are associated with better cognitive performance across a variety of domains., (© 2022 The Authors. Psychophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Psychophysiological Research.)

Published
2022
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39. Associations Between Child Maltreatment, Inflammation, and Comorbid Metabolic Syndrome to Depressed Mood in a Multiethnic Urban Population: The HELIUS Study.

Author

Willemen FEM, van Zuiden M, Zantvoord JB, de Rooij SR, van den Born BH, Hak AE, Thomaes K, Segeren M, Elsenburg LK, and Lok A

Abstract

Background: Child maltreatment is a common negative experience and has potential long-lasting adverse consequences for mental and physical health, including increased risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and metabolic syndrome. In addition, child maltreatment may increase the risk for comorbid physical health conditions to psychiatric conditions, with inflammation as an important mediator linking child maltreatment to poor adult health. However, it remains unresolved whether experiencing child maltreatment increases the risk for the development of comorbid metabolic syndrome to MDD. Therefore, we investigated whether child maltreatment increased the risk for comorbid metabolic syndrome to depressed mood. Subsequently, we examined whether C-reactive protein (CRP), as an inflammatory marker, mediated this association. In addition, we investigated whether effects differed between men and women., Methods: Associations were examined within cross-sectional data from the multiethnic HELIUS study ( N = 21,617). Adult residents of Amsterdam, Netherlands, self-reported on child maltreatment (distinct and total number of types experienced before the age of 16 years) as well as current depressed mood (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10), and underwent physical examination to assess metabolic syndrome. The CRP levels were assessed in N = 5,998 participants. Logistic and linear regressions were applied for binary and continuous outcomes, respectively. All analyses were adjusted for relevant demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle characteristics, including ethnicity., Results: A higher number of maltreatment types as well as distinct types of emotional neglect, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse were significantly associated with a higher risk for current depressed mood. Child maltreatment was not significantly associated with the risk for metabolic syndrome in the whole cohort, nor within individuals with depressed mood. As child maltreatment was not significantly associated with the CRP levels, subsequent mediation analyses were not performed. No significant moderating effects by sex were observed., Conclusion: In this multiethnic urban cohort, child maltreatment was associated with a higher risk for depressed mood. Contrary to our expectations, child maltreatment was not significantly associated with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome, neither in the whole cohort nor as a comorbid condition in individuals with depressed mood. As the data were cross-sectional and came from a non-clinical adult population, longitudinal perspectives in relation to various stages of the investigated conditions were needed with more comprehensive assessments of inflammatory markers., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Willemen, van Zuiden, Zantvoord, de Rooij, van den Born, Hak, Thomaes, Segeren, Elsenburg and Lok.)

Published
2022
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40. Sex-dependence and comorbidities of the early-life adversity induced mental and metabolic disease risks: Where are we at?

Author

Reemst K, Ruigrok SR, Bleker L, Naninck EFG, Ernst T, Kotah JM, Lucassen PJ, Roseboom TJ, Pollux BJA, de Rooij SR, and Korosi A

Subjects
Animals, Comorbidity, Female, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Rodentia, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Metabolic Diseases epidemiology, Metabolic Diseases etiology
Abstract

Early-life adversity (ELA) is a major risk factor for developing later-life mental and metabolic disorders. However, if and to what extent ELA contributes to the comorbidity and sex-dependent prevalence/presentation of these disorders remains unclear. We here comprehensively review and integrate human and rodent ELA (pre- and postnatal) studies examining mental or metabolic health in both sexes and discuss the role of the placenta and maternal milk, key in transferring maternal effects to the offspring. We conclude that ELA impacts mental and metabolic health with sex-specific presentations that depend on timing of exposure, and that human and rodent studies largely converge in their findings. ELA is more often reported to impact cognitive and externalizing domains in males, internalizing behaviors in both sexes and concerning the metabolic dimension, adiposity in females and insulin sensitivity in males. Thus, ELA seems to be involved in the origin of the comorbidity and sex-specific prevalence/presentation of some of the most common disorders in our society. Therefore, ELA-induced disease states deserve specific preventive and intervention strategies., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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41. Lessons learned from 25 Years of Research into Long term Consequences of Prenatal Exposure to the Dutch famine 1944-45: The Dutch famine Birth Cohort.

Author

De Rooij SR, Bleker LS, Painter RC, Ravelli AC, and Roseboom TJ

Subjects
Birth Cohort, Cohort Studies, Famine, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Netherlands epidemiology, Pregnancy, Malnutrition epidemiology, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects epidemiology, Starvation
Abstract

This paper describes the findings of a historical cohort study of men and women born around the time of the Dutch famine 1944-45. It provided the first direct evidence in humans of the lasting consequences of prenatal undernutrition. The effects of undernutrition depended on its timing during gestation, and the organs and tissues undergoing periods of rapid development at that time. Early gestation appeared to be particularly critical, with the effects of undernutrition being most apparent, even without reductions in size at birth. Undernutrition during gestation affected the structure and function of organs and tissues, altered behaviour and increased risks of chronic degenerative diseases. This demonstrates the fundamental importance of maternal nutrition during gestation as the building blocks for future health.

Published
2022
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42. Are Brain and Cognitive Reserve Shaped by Early Life Circumstances?

Author

de Rooij SR

Abstract

When growing older, many people are faced with cognitive deterioration, which may even amount to a form of dementia at some point in time. Although neuropathological signs of dementia disorders can often be demonstrated in brains of patients, the degree to which clinical symptoms are present does mostly not accurately reflect the amount of neuropathology that is present. Sometimes existent pathology even goes without any obvious clinical presentation. An explanation for this phenomenon may be found in the concept of reserve capacity. Reserve capacity refers to the ability of the brain to effectively buffer changes that are associated with normal aging processes and to cope with pathological damage. A larger reserve capacity has been suggested to increase resilience against age-associated cognitive deterioration and dementia disorders. Traditionally, a division has been made between brain reserve, which is based on morphological characteristics of the brain, and cognitive reserve, which is based on functional characteristics of the brain. The present review discusses the premises that brain and cognitive reserve capacity are shaped by prenatal and early postnatal factors. Evidence is accumulating that circumstances during the first 1,000 days of life are of the utmost importance for the lifelong health of an individual. Cognitive deterioration and dementia disorders may also have their origin in early life and a potentially important pathway by which the early environment affects the risk for neurodegenerative diseases is by developmental programming of the reserve capacity of the brain. The basic idea behind developmental programming of brain and cognitive reserve is explained and an overview of studies that support this idea is presented. The review is concluded by a discussion of potential mechanisms, synthesis of the evidence and relevance and future directions in the field of developmental origins of reserve capacity., Competing Interests: The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 de Rooij.)

Published
2022
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44. Acute stress reactivity and intrusive memory development: a randomized trial using an adjusted trauma film paradigm.

Author

Hilberdink CE, de Rooij SR, Olff M, Bosch JA, and van Zuiden M

Subjects
Adult, Cognition, Humans, Hydrocortisone pharmacology, Male, Memory physiology, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Young Adult, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic psychology
Abstract

Understanding the neurobiological and cognitive processes underlying the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its specific symptoms may facilitate preventive intervention development. Severe traumatic stress and resulting biological stress system activations can alter contextual memory processes. This may provide a neurobiological explanation for the occurrence of intrusive memories following trauma. Investigating the associations between temporal aspects and individual variation in peri- and post-traumatic hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) stress reactivity and memory processing may increase our understanding of intrusive symptom development. The experimental trauma film paradigm is commonly used for this purpose but lacks robust SNS and HPA axis activation. Here, we performed an RCT to investigate the effect of an adjusted trauma film paradigm containing an added brief psychosocial stressor on HPA and SNS stress reactivity throughout the experiment and intrusive memory frequency in the following week in healthy males (N = 63, mean age = 22.3). Secondary, we investigated effects on film-related declarative memory accuracy and intrusion-related characteristics, and associations between acute HPA and SNS stress reactivity, film-related memory, glucocorticoid receptor functioning and intrusion frequency and characteristics. Participants were randomized to the socially-evaluated cold pressor test (seCPT n = 29) or control condition (warm water n = 34) immediately prior to a trauma film. Linear Mixed Models revealed increased acute SNS and cortisol reactivity, lower recognition memory accuracy and more intrusions that were more vivid and distressing during the following week in the seCPT compared to control condition. Linear regression models revealed initial associations between cortisol and alpha amylase reactivity during the experimental assessment and subsequent intrusions, but these effects did not survive multiple comparison corrections. Thus, with this adjustment, we increased the translational value of the trauma film paradigm as it appears to elicit a stronger stress response that is likely more comparable to real-life trauma. The adapted paradigm may be useful to investigate individual variation in biological and cognitive processes underlying early post-trauma PTSD symptoms and could advance potential preventive interventions., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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45. Sex-specific effects of prenatal undernutrition on resting-state functional connectivity in the human brain at age 68.

Author

Boots A, Thomason ME, Espinoza-Heredia C, Pruitt PJ, Damoiseaux JS, Roseboom TJ, and de Rooij SR

Subjects
Aged, Aging, Brain Mapping, Famine, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways diagnostic imaging, Pregnancy, Brain pathology, Malnutrition
Abstract

Prenatal nutrition may significantly impact brain aging. Results from the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort indicated that prenatal undernutrition is negatively associated with cognition, brain volumes, perfusion and structural brain aging in late life, predominantly in men. This study investigates the association between prenatal undernutrition and late-life functional brain network connectivity. In an exploratory resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study of 112 participants from the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort, we investigated whether the within- and between-network functional connectivity of the default mode network, salience network and central executive network differ at age 68 in men (N = 49) and women (N = 63) either exposed or unexposed to undernutrition in early gestation. Additionally, we explored sex-specific effects. Compared to unexposed participants, exposed participants revealed multiple clusters of different functional connectivity within and between the three networks studied. Sex-specific analyses suggested a pattern of network desegregation fitting with brain aging in men and a more diffuse pattern of group differences in women. This study demonstrates that associations between prenatal undernutrition and brain network functional connectivity extend late into life., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Published
2022
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46. Prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine is associated with more self-perceived cognitive problems at 72 years of age.

Author

Wiegersma AM, Boots A, Roseboom TJ, and de Rooij SR

Subjects
Aged, Cognition, Cohort Studies, Famine, Female, Humans, Male, Netherlands epidemiology, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects epidemiology, Starvation complications, Starvation epidemiology
Abstract

Background: Undernutrition during critical periods of neurodevelopment can hinder the developing brain with lasting negative consequences for brain size, structure and function. In this study, we describe self-perceived cognitive problems of men and women who were born around the time of the Dutch famine of 1944-45., Methods: We compared self-perceived cognitive problems between men and women who had been exposed to the 1944-45 Dutch famine in late, mid or early gestation and those who were born before or conceived after the famine (and had thus not been exposed prenatally). We included 595 participants aged 71-74 years., Results: Women who had been exposed to famine in late gestation more often reported cognitive problems compared to those who had not been exposed (OR 2.2 [95% CI 1.1-4.4]), whereas for men, this was the case for those exposed in early gestation (OR 2.3 [0.9-5.5]). Furthermore, men and women exposed in early gestation more often reported consulting a healthcare practitioner for cognitive problems in the past 12 months (OR 3.2 [1.3-8.1]). Especially men exposed in early gestation reported having consulted a healthcare practitioner more often than unexposed men (OR 4.4 [1.2-16.0])., Conclusions: These findings suggest that prenatal undernutrition does not only have lasting effects on brain size, but also on its function, with more self-perceived cognitive problems at older age, which also require more medical attention. Also, the effects of undernutrition depend on sex and its timing during gestation., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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47. Longitudinal Associations Between Trauma Exposure and Executive Functions in Children: Findings from a Dutch Birth Cohort Study.

Author

Op den Kelder R, Van den Akker AL, Ensink JBM, Geurts HM, Overbeek G, de Rooij SR, Vrijkotte TGM, and Lindauer RJL

Subjects
Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Parenting psychology, Pregnancy, Birth Cohort, Executive Function
Abstract

This study is the first to distinguish two possible predictive directions between trauma exposure and executive functioning in children in a community sample. The sample consists of 1006 children from two time points with a seven years' time interval of a longitudinal Dutch birth cohort study, the ABCD-study (Van Eijsden et al., 2011). We analyzed the longitudinal associations between trauma exposure and executive functioning using structural equation modeling. The results demonstrated that (after controlling for prenatal substance exposure and mothers' educational level) trauma exposure before age 5 is predictive of poorer executive functioning at age 12 and trauma exposure between age 6 and 12. However, the association between executive functioning at age 5 and trauma exposure between age 6 and 12 was not statistically significant. Our results indicate that early life trauma exposure has a long term impact on later executive functioning and not the other way around. On top of that, trauma exposure seems to accumulate across childhood when children are exposed to a traumatic event before the age of 5. When looking at the potential moderating role of parenting behavior we found no evidence for such a moderating effect of parenting behavior. Our findings showed that children exposed to trauma early in life may experience problems in executive functioning later in life and they seem at higher risk for cumulative trauma exposure. Clinical practice should take this into account in both the way they provide (early) mental health care and in prevention and recognition of early trauma exposure., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Published
2022
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48. Early life predictors of late life cerebral small vessel disease in four prospective cohort studies.

Author

Backhouse EV, Shenkin SD, McIntosh AM, Bastin ME, Whalley HC, Valdez Hernandez M, Muñoz Maniega S, Harris MA, Stolicyn A, Campbell A, Steele D, Waiter GD, Sandu AL, Waymont JMJ, Murray AD, Cox SR, de Rooij SR, Roseboom TJ, and Wardlaw JM

Subjects
Aged, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Birth Weight, Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases etiology, Educational Status, Intelligence, Socioeconomic Factors
Abstract

Development of cerebral small vessel disease, a major cause of stroke and dementia, may be influenced by early life factors. It is unclear whether these relationships are independent of each other, of adult socio-economic status or of vascular risk factor exposures. We examined associations between factors from birth (ponderal index, birth weight), childhood (IQ, education, socio-economic status), adult small vessel disease, and brain volumes, using data from four prospective cohort studies: STratifying Resilience And Depression Longitudinally (STRADL) (n = 1080; mean age = 59 years); the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort (n = 118; mean age = 68 years); the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936; n = 617; mean age = 73 years), and the Simpson's cohort (n = 110; mean age = 78 years). We analysed each small vessel disease feature individually and summed to give a total small vessel disease score (range 1-4) in each cohort separately, then in meta-analysis, adjusted for vascular risk factors and adult socio-economic status. Higher birth weight was associated with fewer lacunes [odds ratio (OR) per 100 g = 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.88 to 0.99], fewer infarcts (OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.89 to 0.99), and fewer perivascular spaces (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.91 to 0.99). Higher childhood IQ was associated with lower white matter hyperintensity burden (OR per IQ point = 0.99, 95% CI 0.98 to 0.998), fewer infarcts (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97 to 0.998), fewer lacunes (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97 to 0.999), and lower total small vessel disease burden (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96 to 0.999). Low education was associated with more microbleeds (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.33 to 2.72) and lower total brain volume (mean difference = -178.86 cm3, 95% CI = -325.07 to -32.66). Low childhood socio-economic status was associated with fewer lacunes (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.95). Early life factors are associated with worse small vessel disease in later life, independent of each other, vascular risk factors and adult socio-economic status. Risk for small vessel disease may originate in early life and provide a mechanistic link between early life factors and risk of stroke and dementia. Policies investing in early child development may improve lifelong brain health and contribute to the prevention of dementia and stroke in older age., (© The Author(s) (2021). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain.)

Published
2021
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49. LongITools: Dynamic longitudinal exposome trajectories in cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases.

Author

Ronkainen J, Nedelec R, Atehortua A, Balkhiyarova Z, Cascarano A, Ngoc Dang V, Elhakeem A, van Enckevort E, Goncalves Soares A, Haakma S, Halonen M, Heil KF, Heiskala A, Hyde E, Jacquemin B, Keikkala E, Kerckhoffs J, Klåvus A, Kopinska JA, Lepeule J, Marazzi F, Motoc I, Näätänen M, Ribbenstedt A, Rundblad A, Savolainen O, Simonetti V, de Toro Eadie N, Tzala E, Ulrich A, Wright T, Zarei I, d'Amico E, Belotti F, Brunius C, Castleton C, Charles MA, Gaillard R, Hanhineva K, Hoek G, Holven KB, Jaddoe VWV, Kaakinen MA, Kajantie E, Kavousi M, Lakka T, Matthews J, Piano Mortari A, Vääräsmäki M, Voortman T, Webster C, Zins M, Atella V, Bulgheroni M, Chadeau-Hyam M, Conti G, Evans J, Felix JF, Heude B, Järvelin MR, Kolehmainen M, Landberg R, Lekadir K, Parusso S, Prokopenko I, de Rooij SR, Roseboom T, Swertz M, Timpson N, Ulven SM, Vermeulen R, Juola T, and Sebert S

Abstract

The current epidemics of cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases have emerged alongside dramatic modifications in lifestyle and living environments. These correspond to changes in our "modern" postwar societies globally characterized by rural-to-urban migration, modernization of agricultural practices, and transportation, climate change, and aging. Evidence suggests that these changes are related to each other, although the social and biological mechanisms as well as their interactions have yet to be uncovered. LongITools, as one of the 9 projects included in the European Human Exposome Network, will tackle this environmental health equation linking multidimensional environmental exposures to the occurrence of cardiovascular and metabolic noncommunicable diseases., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with regard to the content of this report., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The Environmental Epidemiology. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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50. Associations between autonomic nervous system activity and risk-taking and internalizing behavior in young adolescents.

Author

Loheide-Niesmann L, Vrijkotte TGM, De Rooij SR, Wiers RW, and Huizink A

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Female, Heart Rate physiology, Humans, Male, Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia physiology, Sex Factors, Adolescent Behavior physiology, Autonomic Nervous System physiopathology, Behavioral Symptoms physiopathology, Parenting, Personality physiology, Risk-Taking
Abstract

Dysregulated autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity has been associated with adolescent risk-taking and internalizing behavior, but previous results in community samples have been mixed. We investigated whether ANS activity was associated with higher risk-taking and internalizing behavior in young adolescents (age 11/12; n = 875), and whether adolescents' gender, parents' parenting style or a combination of both moderated these associations. Adolescents and their parents were recruited as part of the population-based, longitudinal Amsterdam Born Children and their Development (ABCD) study. Risk-taking behavior was assessed with the Balloon Analogue Risk Task and the personality characteristics sensation seeking and impulsivity, measured with the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS). Internalizing behavior was assessed via the SURPS subscales anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness. Authoritative (AUTH-SW) and authoritarian (AUTH-S) parenting styles were measured with the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. Resting ANS activity was assessed via heart rate and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Hierarchical, multivariable regression analyses showed higher RSA, but not heart rate, being associated with higher risk-taking behavior and sensation seeking. The associations between ANS activity and risk-taking variables were not significantly moderated by gender, parenting, or interactions between gender and parenting. Our findings suggest that RSA activity may be a relevant factor in mild to moderate risk-taking behavior in adolescents from the general population, regardless of their gender or the type of parenting they experience., (© 2021 The Authors. Psychophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Psychophysiological Research.)

Published
2021
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