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Anchistrotos kojimensis Do & Ho, 1983 is redescribed on the basis of a single female recovered from the original host, Acanthogobius flavimanus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) (Perciformes, Gobiidae), and Taeniacanthus uranoscopi sp. nov. is described based on specimens of both sexes recovered from Uranoscopus japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (Perciformes, Uranoscopidae). The family Uranoscopidae is a new host group for the Taeniacanthidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metataeniacanthus synodi Pillai, 1963 is redescribed based on specimens of both sexes recovered from the branchial lamellae of the snakefish, Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801) (Aulopiformes, Synodontidae) in Japan. The description of the male is the first time for the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our research provides valuable insights into the uneven distribution of groundwater copepods in the lowland river valley ecosystem using an integrative taxonomy approach. The study was conducted in 101 wells in the Biebrza River Valley (northeastern Poland), which is one of the largest and best-preserved lowland rivers in Europe. It stands out for its exceptional biodiversity and pristine natural landscapes. Groundwater copepods were found in 49 of the 101 analyzed wells. We identified ten species of Copepoda and eight species of Cladocera. The most frequent copepods were Diacyclops bicuspidatus, Diacyclops crassicaudis, Canthocamptus staphylinus, Paracyclops cf. fimbriatus, Diacyclops bisetosus , and Eucyclops serrulatus. The aforementioned species were categorized as stygophiles, and no stygobionts were detected. Our findings suggest that the groundwater Copepoda community in this region is relatively stable and composed mostly of stygophiles along with stygoxenes. We did not find any significant impact of environmental parameters or different aquifers on the distribution of copepods, suggesting a patchy distribution of groundwater copepods in the lowland river valley. The relatively high presence of stygoxenes suggests that the exchange of organisms between surface water and groundwater plays a vital role in maintaining the diversity of microcrustaceans in lowland river valleys. Our study contributes to filling the knowledge gap regarding groundwater fauna in lowland Europe, particularly in areas affected by Pleistocene glaciations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Eucyclops is the most species-rich within the subfamily Eucyclopinae. Despite the significant research of Eucyclops in Russia, there are still vast areas including Siberia, the Baikal region, and the Far East with fragmentary study of this genus, particular with regard to molecular methods. In this work we have sequenced four molecular markers with different evolutionary rates and inheritance types (COI and 12S rRNA mtDNA, 18S rRNA and ITSn rDNA) to estimate the biodiversity of Eucyclops in the Baikal region. Five species E. serrulatus, E. speratus, E. macruroides, E. arcanus, and E. macrurus baicalocorrepus were identified through a combination of morphological and genetic methods in the Baikal region. The necessity for a taxonomic revision of endemic Baikal E. macrurus baicalocorrepus and E. macruroides baicalensis has been established. We assume that two forms of E. macrurus baicalocorrepus with short and long caudal rami are distinct endemic Baikal species. The genetic analysis of E. serrulatus, E. speratus, and E. macruroides revealed that the Baikal Cyclopoida, along with the Far Eastern and other Siberian representatives of the genus, form a distinct genetic lineage that differs from the majority of European representatives, with some exceptions.

Taeniacanthus kitamakura Yamaguti & Yamasu, 1959 and T. yamagutii (Shiino, 1957) are redescribed based on specimens recovered from the brown-lined puffer, Canthigaster rivulata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850), and three species of Takifugu (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae), respectively, in Japan. The copepodid V of the T. kitamakura female and the copepodid V of both sexes and copepodid IV of the female of T. yamagutii are described for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taeniacanthus moa (Lewis, 1967) and T. ostracionis (Richardi, 1870) are redescribed based on specimens recovered from Tetrosomus concatenatus (Bloch, 1785) and Ostracion immaculatum Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) in Japan (Tetraodontiformes, Ostraciidae), respectively. The copepodids V of both sexes, the copepodid III of the female, and the copepodid I (sex undetermined) of T. moa , and the male of T. ostracionis are described for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reservoirs are ecologically important ecosystems. In the Brazilian semiarid region, these ecosystems are impacted by environmental changes resulting from the rainfall regime. Furthermore, the reservoirs boast a rich planktonic biodiversity, which is directly influenced by the ecological dynamics of each reservoir. Our aim was to analyse the impact of rapid changes between the dry and rainy seasons on the limnological variables in a Brazilian semiarid reservoir. Furthermore, we analysed the impact of this phenomenon on the microcrustacean community in the reservoir. We observed that the reservoir is significantly impacted by the region's rainfall regime. During the rainy season, the reservoir volume increases, resulting in higher pH and dissolved oxygen levels, and lower water temperature, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids levels. The transition from the dry to the rainy season influenced the microcrustacean community. Our findings indicate that the transition from the dry to the rainy seasons in Brazilian semiarid region results in limnological changes in the reservoirs of this region. Furthermore, these changes also result in alterations to the microcrustacean community structure in these reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hamsilos Bay, which is located within the first--degree natural protection area, is one of the most important regions on the southern Black Sea coast. Moreover, many fish species utilize this area for breeding and rearing activities. Small copepod Oithona davisae has been encountered in the Black Sea for two decades and spread rapidly the overall Black Sea, and become an important component in the pelagic ecosystem of the Black Sea. In this respect, the present study aims to characterize the distribution and abundance of Oithona davisae in Hamsilos Bay about environmental variables. Zooplankton samples were collected monthly from seven stations from July 2015 to June 2016 by using a plankton net with a mesh size of 112 μm and a diameter mouth opening of 50 cm. O. davisae was observed during the whole sampling period and was the dominant species from July 2015 to December 2015. The highest mean abundance of this species was recorded in September 2015 (3533.33 ind. m-3). However, the lowest mean abundance was observed between January 2016 (170.68 ind. m-3) and May 2016 (0.24 ind. m-3). Copepodites 5--4 were predominant in the O. davisae population in all months and all stations. Adult copepods and their copepodites 5--4 were more abundant between July 2015 and December 2015, whereas the abundance of copepodites 3--1 was maximum between September 2015 and December 2015. The abundance of O. davisae was highly correlated with chlorophyll-α and physiochemical variables (temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity). In conclusion, this species, which is known to be distributed only in the autumn conditions in close areas, extended its temporal distribution and prevailed in the copepod communities during warmer periods. This could be attributed to the acclimatization success of this species in Hamsilos Bay ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orbitacolax kyphosi sp. nov. is described based on a single specimen of the female recovered from washing fluid of the brassy chub Kyphosus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825) (Centrachiformes, Kyphosidae) in Japan. K. vaigiensis is a new host and Kyphosidae is a new host group for the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The copepod family Shiinoidae Cressey, 1975 currently comprises nine species of teleost parasites with unusual morphology and a unique attachment mechanism. Female shiinoids possess greatly enlarged antennae that oppose a rostrum, an elongate outgrowth of cuticle that originates between the antennules. The antennae form a moveable clasp against the rostrum which they use to attach to their host. In this study, we use micro-computed tomography (microCT) to examine specimens of Shiinoa inauris Cressey, 1975 in situ attached to host tissue in order to characterize the functional morphology and specific muscles involved in this novel mode of attachment and to resolve uncertainty regarding the segmental composition of the regions of the body. We review the host and locality data for all reports of shiinoids, revise the generic diagnoses for both constituent genera Shiinoa Kabata, 1968 and Parashiinoa West, 1986, transfer Shiinoa rostrata Balaraman, Prabha & Pillai, 1984 to Parashiinoa as Parashiinoa rostrata (Balaraman, Prabha & Pillai, 1984) n. comb., and present keys to the females and males of both genera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cirracanthus monacanthi (Yamaguti, 1939) and Taeniacanthus balistae (Claus, 1864) are redescribed based on specimens recovered from Stephanolepis cirrhifer (Temminck & Schlegel, 1850) and Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, 1758) (Tetraodontiformes, Monacanthidae), respectively, in Japan. The description of the copepodid V female of T. balistae is the first time for the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biacanthus pleuronichthydis (Yamaguti, 1939) is redescribed based on specimens of the female, recovered from the body surface of the bastard halibut, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) (Pleuronectiformes, Paralichthyidae), which is a new host for the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Yellow Sea (YS) and East China Sea (ECS) are highly dynamic marginal seas of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. To gain an in-depth understanding of zooplankton community structure, zooplankton abundance, biovolume, and size structure in summer 2017 in the YS and ECS were assessed using ZooScan imaging analysis. Zooplankton abundance and biovolume ranged 2.94–1 187.14 inds./m3 and 3.13–3 438.51 mm3/m3, respectively. Based on the biovolume data of the categorized size classes of 26 identified taxonomic groups, the zooplankton community was classified into five groups, and each group was coupled with distinctive oceanographic features. Under the influence of the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass, the Yellow Sea offshore group featured the lowest bottom temperature (10.84±3.42 °C) and the most abundant Calanoids (mainly in the 2–3 mm size class). In the Yellow Sea inshore group, Hydrozoans showed the largest biovolume and dominated in the 3–4-mm and > 5-mm size classes. The East China Sea offshore group, which was affected by the Kuroshio Branch Current, featured high temperature and salinity, and the lowest bottom dissolved oxygen (2.58±0.5 mg/L). The lowest values of zooplankton abundance and biovolume in the East China Sea offshore group might be attributed to the bottom dissolved oxygen contents. The East China Sea inshore group, which was mainly influenced by the Zhejiang-Fujian Coastal Current and Changjiang Diluted Water, was characterized by high chlorophyll a and the largest biovolume of carnivorous Siphonophores (280.82±303.37 mm3/m3). The Changjiang River estuary offshore group showed the most abundant Cyclopoids, which might be associated with the less turbid water mass in this region. Seawater temperature was considered the most important factor in shaping the size compositions of Calanoids in different groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A species of cyclopoid copepod Anthessius cucullatus Lee and Kim, 2021 (Anthessiidae) is newly recorded based on both sexes collected from three species of the sea slug genus Aplysia Linnaeus, 1767, i.e., Ap. dactylomela Rang, 1828, Ap. juliana Quoy and Gaimard, 1832, and Ap. kurodai Baba, 1937, from coastal waters of Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Japan. The copepod is characterized by having the following characters in the female: 1) the genital double somite covered with a hood-like dorsal lobe; 2) the antenna with four unequal claws and three setae at the distal tip; 3) the maxilla has a spinulose basal lobe; 4) leg 5 with irregular marginal rows of spinules. Furthermore, the male has 5) the third endopodal segment of leg 4 bearing a curved third inner spine. The findings of An. cucullatus in this study represent the second record of the copepod from all around the world as well as the first record from Japanese waters with the detailed description of the morphological characters based on the specimens. Aplysia dactylomela and Ap. juliana are new host records of the copepod.

The copepod family Shiinoidae Cressey, 1975 currently comprises nine species of teleost parasites with unusual morphology and a unique attachment mechanism. Female shiinoids possess greatly enlarged antennae that oppose a rostrum, an elongate outgrowth of cuticle that originates between the antennules. The antennae form a moveable clasp against the rostrum which they use to attach to their host. In this study, we use micro-computed tomography (microCT) to examine specimens of Shiinoa inauris Cressey, 1975 in situ attached to host tissue in order to characterize the functional morphology and specific muscles involved in this novel mode of attachment and to resolve uncertainty regarding the segmental composition of the regions of the body. We review the host and locality data for all reports of shiinoids, revise the generic diagnoses for both constituent genera Shiinoa Kabata, 1968 and Parashiinoa West, 1986, transfer Shiinoa rostrata Balaraman, Prabha & Pillai, 1984 to Parashiinoa as Parashiinoa rostrata (Balaraman, Prabha & Pillai, 1984) n. comb., and present keys to the females and males of both genera.

Purpose: A new species of the genus Ceratocolax Vervoort, 1965 is described based on specimens collected from the Tomtate grunt Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier, caught in the coast of Angra dos Reis, off the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: One hundred specimens of H. aurolineatum were purchased from the local fish market and examined for parasitic copepods. Parasites were fixed and preserved in 80% ethanol. Morphological features of the copepods were examined and drawn using an Olympus BX51 equipped with a drawing tube. Results: Ceratocolax tavaresi n. sp. can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters in the adult female: (1) second endopodal segment of leg 3 with one seta, (2) lack of stout spinules along outer margins on rami of legs 2–4, (3) genital somite without flaplike structures, (4) terminal exopodal segment of leg 4 with seven elements; and in the adult male: (1) legs 1 to 4 with 3-segmented rami (except endopod of leg 4), (2) presence of a pair of blunt processes on dorsal surface of the third pedigerous somite, (3) second endopodal segment of leg 3 with one seta. Conclusion: The number of species of Ceratocolax reported in the Atlantic Ocean was increased to three, including the new species. This is the forty-second species of copepod found parasitizing haemulid fish in marine waters from the Americas; however, the diversity of parasitic copepods off this continent is still underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irodes kuwaitensis Ho, Kim & Sey, 1999 and I. parupenei Ho & Lin, 2007 are redescribed based on specimens of both sexes and juveniles, recovered from the bucco-branchial cavity and the nasal cavity of the blackspot goatfish, Parupeneus spilurus (Bleeker, 1854), and Parairodes himeji gen. et sp. nov. is described on the basis of specimens of the female, recovered from under the scales of the Japanese goatfish, Upeneus japonicus (Houttuyn, 1782). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taeniastrotos tragus Dojiri & Cressey, 1987 is redescribed on the basis of specimens of both sexes recovered from Trachinocephalus myops (Forster, 1801), and T. synodi sp. nov. is described based on a single specimen of the female recovered from Synodus macrops Tanaka, 1917. The description of the male of T. tragus is the first for the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metataeniacanthus suggrundi sp. nov. is described based on a single specimen of the female recovered from the inner surface of the operculum of Suggrundus meerdervoorti (Bleeker, 1860) (Perciformes, Platycephalidae) in Japan. S. meerdervoorti is a new host for the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irodes callionymi (Yamaguti, 1939) is redescribed based on specimens of both sexes recovered from the bucco-branchial cavity and the body surface of Synchiropus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845) (Callionymidae) in Japan. The male, as well as copepodids V and IV are described for the first time for the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudotaeniacanthus japonicus sp. nov. (Taeniacanthidae) is described based on specimens of both sexes recovered from the body surface and the bucco-branchial cavity of the beach conger, Conger japonicus Bleeker, 1879 (Congridae) in Japan. C. japonicus represents a new host for the family. Copepodids V-III of the species are also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shiinoa prionura Izawa, 2009 is redescribed based on specimens of both sexes recovered from the nasal cavity of the barred knifejaw Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844) (Centrarchiformes, Oplegnathidae) in Japan. The male of the species is described for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomalocolax nemipteri gen. et sp. nov. is described based on a single specimen of the female recovered from the bucco-branchial cavity of the Japanese threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1792) (Nemipteridae) in Japan. This species is unique in the family in having one process on the first free segment of the antennule in addition to five plumose setae in the adult female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naricolax stocki (Roubal, 1981) is redescribed based on specimens of both sexes, recovered from the blackhead seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker, 1854) (Perciformes, Sparidae) in Japan. Both sexes of its copepodid V are described for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triceracolax chrysophryenus (Roubal, Armitage & Rohde, 1983) is redescribed based on specimens of both sexes, recovered from the nasal cavity of the red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Perciformes, Sparidae) in Japan. Leg 1 exopod of the female of the species is recognized to be 2-segmented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda) are widespread in aquatic ecosystems worldwide and represent an important component of the meiobenthic metazoan assemblages of lake littorals. Yet, little is currently known about the diversity of benthic copepods in lentic habitats. We gathered information on the benthic copepod assemblages of the littoral zone of Lake Maggiore as part of the Interreg Italy-Switzerland 2014-2020 Parchi Verbano Ticino project (ID: 481668), funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). Lake Maggiore is a large and deep temperate lake in north-western Italy human-managed from mid-March to mid-September. This contributes to substantial changes in water levels in relation to human activities such as hydropower, industrial and agricultural uses. We compiled a dataset listing 234 occurrences of benthic copepod species recorded from three littoral sampling sites situated in three protected areas, two of which are part of the Natura 2000 network in Italy and one is part of the Emerald Network in Switzerland. We collected the specimens during the summer-autumn period in 2019-2021. We identified the copepods at the species level and created a dataset with individual georeferenced occurrence records for each species, organized in a standardized Darwin Core Archive format. We made available, through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), a total of 13 distinct taxonomic entities and 234 unique georeferenced occurrence records related to the benthic copepod assemblages of the littoral zone of Lake Maggiore (Tabilio Di Camillo et al., 2023). The dataset has the potential to support the authorities in charge of managing Lake Maggiore’s water levels in addressing the ecological risk relevant to the littoral zone and in developing shared implementation strategies for sustainable water management.

Pumiliopes scombri Izawa, 2021 is redescribed based on specimens of both sexes recovered from the bucco-branchial cavity of the chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782 (Scombriformes, Scombridae), in Japan. The male of the species is described for the first time. The description of the male is also the first time for the genus. This genus is unique in having an antenna that is sexually dimorphic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bomolochus bellones Burmeister, 1835 is redescribed based on specimens recovered from the bucco-branchial cavity of the Pacific saury, Cololabis saira (Actinopterygii, Beloniformes, Scomberesocidae), in Japan. The male, copepodid V female, copepodid IV female, and copepodid III male of the species are described. The postantennal processes and lateral processes have appeared in the female at copepodid V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diel migrations of zooplanktons occur in marine and freshwater systems and can complicate inferences from studies. If populations perform vertical or horizontal diel migrations, daytime-only sampling can mischaracterize distributions and abundances. Zooplanktons also often display reduced capture avoidance at night and occupy areas easier to sample near the surface and away from littoral structure and the benthos. We examined zooplankton abundance, water column position and taxonomic composition during daytime and nighttime new moon periods using discrete depth sampling in oligo-mesotrophic reservoirs in Oregon, USA. These reservoirs have limited littoral structures, but support populations of zooplanktivorous fishes that we expected to drive diel vertical migrations. Contrary to our expectations, at night, most zooplankton taxa were within 2 m of their daytime distributional peak and did not display differences in abundance from day to night sampling. We consider factors that may help predict whether diel vertical migration occurs in a system. Where daytime sampling is sufficient to characterize zooplankton densities and distributions, costs and risks specific to nighttime sampling may be avoided. Improving our knowledge of zooplankton dynamics, particularly in ecosystems with limited diurnal variability, is an important part of understanding lake and reservoir food webs and can optimize the efforts of future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Nothobomolochus oomenatsutobi sp. nov. is described based on specimens of both sexes recovered from the bucco-branchial cavity of the limpid-wing flyingfish Cheilopogon unicolor (Valenciennes, 1847) in Japan. This species was dealt with previously as N. cypseluri (Yamaguti, 1953) by Izawa (2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unicolax mycterobius (Vervoort, 1965) is redescribed based on specimens of both sexes recovered from the nasal cavity of the frigate tuna Auxis thazard (Lacépède, 1800) (Pisces, Scombridae) in Japan. This species possesses the lateral processes in the oral area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Holocolax nemipteri (Pillai, 1973) is redescribed based on specimens of the female recovered from the bucco-branchial cavity of the original host, the Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) in Japan. Copepodid III sex undetermined of the species recovered from the same host is described for the first time in the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Description and morphological analysis of copepods inhabiting a water body with high arsenic concentrations (32.79 to 62.29 mg L−1) were performed to identify some effect on the development of individuals due to the arsenic concentrations. Detailed morphology of prosomal and urosomal appendages along the development of the specimens was considered. The results showed that the freshwater copepod Paracyclops novenarius Reid, 1987 inhabits this water body, and previously, it was recorded as Paracyclops chiltoni (Thomson GM, 1882) on this site. Moreover, this becomes the first record of P. novenarius in Mexico. Morphological analysis showed a normal and stable development along the different instars, different arsenic concentrations in the media, and different sampled dates between the analyzed specimens, suggesting that the high arsenic concentrations do not affect the morphology of P. novenarius, including all its development and adult instars, which differs from other copepods and other groups such as Cladocera and Rotifera, where morphological changes due to metals and metalloids have been observed but in low concentrations of these elements. The results of this study contribute to the existing reports of the genus Paracyclops (Claus 1893) in Mexico and could provide information for environmental impact assessments on aquatic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the Mediterranean area is a well-known hotspot of biological diversity, the crustacean assemblages inhabiting inland waters of the Mediterranean islands are to date unevenly known, and detailed information is missing for most taxa and areas. In the frame of this paper, we provide a checklist and a characterization of the copepod fauna of the lentic water bodies occurring in a traditional rural landscape of Sicily, where the co-existence of agriculture, woodlands, and pastoral activities lead to the presence of a wide range of different aquatic habitats. Overall, 22 copepod species belonging to the orders Calanoida, Cyclopoida, and Harpacticoida have been found in the 92 surveyed sites, stressing the conservation value of the area. In the study area, species widespread in the west Palaearctic region co-exist with strictly Mediterranean elements and a small but biogeographically significant group of species with northern or Balkan affinities, which support the role of the investigated area as a refugium for species that colonised Sicily during Pleistocene climate fluctuations and are now restricted to the more wet parts of the island. A single non-native species has been found, and its distribution is currently limited to permanent, man-made reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New species of copepods (Elaphoidella bidens, Phyllognatopus viguieri, and Paracyclops imminutus) were found in 2018–2020 in the Vychegda and Sysola Rivers. These species are new both for the Komi Republic and the entirety of northern Europe. All of them were found exclusively in the areas of wastewater discharge of a timber processing company or in the urban wastewater of the city of Syktyvkar. The analyzed specimens were morphologically similar to the phylum descriptions. Certain features in the furca structure that were found only for P. viguieri from the Sysola River distinguish these specimens from the phylum form. Molecular-genetic studies provide evidence that the crustacean Attheyella crassa native to the Vychegda basin is identical to specimens of this species from Moscow oblast by their mtDNA-COI structure, while E. bidens from the zone of the effect of wastewaters of a pulp and paper production company in the Vychegda basin differs from representatives of this species from Moscow oblast by 14% and is similar to E. bidens from New Zealand. This characteristic feature of the Vychegda population of E. bidens indirectly confirms that the mechanism of species invasion into a new habitat is associated with wastewater. These copepod species, which are new for the Komi Republic, represent a facultative, synanthropic fauna in the study region and can develop only in urbanized areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copepoda is one of the most ecologically important animal groups on Earth, yet very few genetic resources are available for this Subclass. Here, we present the first whole genome sequence (WGS, acc. UYDY01) and the first mRNA transcriptome assembly (TSA, Acc. GHAJ01) for the tropical cyclopoid copepod species Apocyclops royi. Until now, only the 18S small subunit of ribosomal RNA gene and the COI gene has been available from A. royi, and WGS resources was only available from one other cyclopoid copepod species. Overall, the provided resources are the 8th copepod species to have WGS resources available and the 19th copepod species with TSA information available. We analyze the length and GC content of the provided WGS scaffolds as well as the coverage and gene content of both the WGS and the TSA assembly. Finally, we place the resources within the copepod order Cyclopoida as a member of the Apocyclops genus. We estimate the total genome size of A. royi to 450 Mb, with 181 Mb assembled nonrepetitive sequence, 76 Mb assembled repeats and 193 Mb unassembled sequence. The TSA assembly consists of 29,737 genes and an additional 45,756 isoforms. In the WGS and TSA assemblies, >80% and >95% of core genes can be found, though many in fragmented versions. The provided resources will allow researchers to conduct physiological experiments on A. royi, and also increase the possibilities for copepod gene set analysis, as it adds substantially to the copepod datasets available.

Purpose: To describe, based on morphological features, a new copepod species of Rhinergasilus, Rhinergasilus unguilongus n. sp., collected from gills of the Streaked prochilod, Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837), sampled in the Veados and Paranapanema Rivers, two tributaries of the Jurumirim Reservoir (Upper Paranapanema River, Paraná River Basin), São Paulo State, Brazil. Methods: Fish were collected using multi-panel gill nets. The gills of each fish were washed and examined for copepods using a stereo microscope. The copepods found were stored in 70% ethanol, cleared in lactic acid, and mounted in Hoyer's medium. Drawings were made with the aid of a microscope equipped with a drawing tube. Results: The new copepod species can be distinguished from its two congeners, Rhinergasilus piranhus (type-species) Boeger et Thatcher, 1988 and Rhinergasilus digitus Narciso, Brandão, Perbiche-Neves et Silva, 2020, due to its extremely long antennary claw (etymology of the species), being longer than the other antennary segments; third leg lacking any interpodal plate; and third endopodal segment of third leg lacking a distal spine. Conclusions: Based on the morphological differences, we erected a new species of Rhinergasilus. The new copepod represents the second report of a Rhinergasilus species parasitizing a fish from the Jurumirim Reservoir. It also represents the first report of this genus in P. lineatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

53 species of Calanoida and Cyclopoida are known on territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians from the 391 lenthic water bodies and 14 rivers according to the results of own studies and literature data. For the first time, wer investigated 341 of them. Acantho­cyclopsvernalis (Fischer, 1853), Eucyclopsserrulatus (Fischer, 1851) і Paracyclopsfimbriatus (Fischer, 1853) are the most common species in this region. Two first species were found over 1,900 m a.s.l. There are 3 species in alpine reservoirs (over 1,800 m a.s.l.) and 10 species – in subalpine reservoirs (1,500–1,800 m a.s.l.). The Macrocyclopsalbidus (Jurine, 1820), Macrocyclopsfuscus (Jurine, 1820) і Megacyclopsviridis (Jurine, 1820) were found in the majority mountains massifs and rivers basins. This species are counted as usually for the Ukrainian Carpathians. The fife species, Mixodiaptomustatricus (Wierzejski, 1883), Diacyclops cohabitatus Monchenko, 1980, Eucyclops subterraneus (Graeter 1907), Graeteriella unisetigera (Graeter 1908), Sinodiaptomus sarsi (Rylov, 1923), were found for the Ukraine only in the Carpathians mountains. The E. subterraneus, G. unisetigera and S. sarsi were found for the first time in Ukraine, and CyclopsinsignisClaus, 1857, Paracyclopsaffinis (SarsG.O., 1863) і Tropocyclopsprasinus (Fischer, 1860) – for the first time on the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians. This mountain territory is a natural eastern area border for D. cohabitates, E. subterraneus, G. unisetigera and northern-eastern for M. tatricus. S. sarsi most likely is a new invasion species of the Ukrainian territory. Fauna of Copepoda was investigated for the biggest lakes and reservoirs; small part of ponds of the fish farms, a few beds and floodplains of the biggest rivers, lenthic water bodies some of the highlands massifs and water bodies some of the nature protected areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians during the latter 140 years. These are more less 20 % of all existing planktocoenoses numbers. The rivers hold 60 %, puddles 51 %, hypogenic waters (streams, wells, springs, moss, interstitials, caves) 45 %, other water biotopes – less 40 % each of known Calanoida and Cyclopoida species diversity in the Ukrainian Carpathians. We suggest that the noted species diversity is much higher than the real one.

Water-level fluctuations can have significant effects on lake biological communities. Thirlmere Lakes are a group of five interconnected lakes located near Sydney. Water levels in Thirlmere Lakes have fluctuated over time, but there has been a recent decline that is of significant concern. In this study, we examined over one year the species composition and richness of zooplankton (Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda) and abiotic conditions in Lakes Nerrigorang and Werri Berri, two of the five Thirlmere lakes, with reference to lake water level. We recorded a total of 66 taxa of zooplankton, with the first report of the rotifer Notommata saccigera from Australia, and the first report of the rotifers Keratella javana, Lecane rhytida and Rousseletia corniculata from New South Wales. There was a marked difference in abiotic conditions between the two lakes, with more variable conditions in Lake Nerrigorang. There was a significant positive correlation between zooplankton species richness and lake water level but only for Lake Nerrigorang. Although the two lakes are closely situated and thought to be potentially connected at high water levels, they show distinct ecological characters and the effect of water-level fluctuations on zooplankton species richness seems to differ between the lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copepods are well studied in South Korea, with the exception of marine non-parasitic cyclopoids, and especially cyclopinids; only three species were found so far here, and only one of them is endemic. A survey of intertidal interstitial faunas from sandy beaches revealed four endemic members of the genus Cyclopina Claus, 1863, which represents the first record of the largest cyclopinid genus in South Korea. A detailed study of their morphology revealed numerous differences, including in rarely studied cuticular organs. Some of these micro-characters could easily be homologised and showed little intraspecific variability, which might prove invaluable for matching sexes and reconstructing phylogenetic relationships. Cyclopina busanensis sp. nov. is described from both sexes collected near Busan (South Coast of South Korea), and is most similar to the only congener from Japan: C. kiraensis Horomi, 1984. Cyclopina koreana sp. nov. is described from both sexes collected near Gangneung (East Coast), and has no close relatives among currently known species. Cyclopina curtijeju sp. nov. is described from two females from Jeju (off South Coast); it is possibly closely related to C. smirnovi Herbst, 1982, but the latter is known from a single male from the Russian Far East. Cyclopina wido sp. nov. is described from both sexes from Wido (West Coast), and shows numerous reductions in segmentation and armature of appendages, most of them probably a consequence of its diminutive size. A table of 26 discrete and continuous characters commonly used in the taxonomy of this group is provided for 48 valid species and subspecies of Cyclopina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract—In July 2018, in the estuary of the Sura River (a tributary of the first order of the Cheboksary reservoir, Nizhny Novgorod oblast, Russia), a tropical exogenous copepod Thermocyclops taihokuensis Harada, 1931 (Copepoda: Cyclopoida) was found. Information on the finding of this species in the European part of Russia is extremely scarce. There is only one report of a finding of this species in the lower reaches of the Volga River. The main habitat of T. taihokuensis is in East and Central Asia, as well as tropical regions. This paper presents a brief description of T. taihokuensis with updated drawings. The T. taihokuensis females registered in the estuarine area of the Sura River had an average size of 1060 ± 20 μm. The spread of tropical crustaceans beyond their natural habitat appears to be linked to human activities and the transport of ballast water by ships. In addition, the concept of zoochoria suggests that the settlement of this species may be associated with the transfer of T. taihokuensis at the resting stages by migratory species of waterfowl. Thus, migration routes of various bird species from the Arctic and temperate climatic zones to subtropical and tropical regions cross the European part of Russia. Alien species have high phenotypic and ecological plasticity and are able to cause imbalances in ecosystems. Therefore, new studies of the Sura River and the Cheboksary reservoir will help not only to assess the success of the naturalization of T. taihokuensis, but also to estimate the environmental consequences of the penetration of this species into the territory of the European part of Russia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The freshwater copepod Mesocyclops Sar, 1914, a species-rich genus within the family Cyclopoidae Rafinesque, 1815, is common in tropical areas. In addition, the genus members are used for the biological control of mosquito larvae (Anopheles, Aedes) which are vectors for transmitting dengue fever. In Vietnam, a total of 11 Mesocyclops species have been recorded in inland freshwater bodies. Of which, one endemic species (M. sondoongensis Tran & Hołyńska, 2015) and two species were described from Vietnam, namely M. yenae Hołyńska, 1998; M. ferjemurami Hołyńska & Vu, 2000. Diagnostic characteristics, habitat, and distribution of all 11 species are provided. Additionally, a pictorial key to all Vietnamese Mesocyclops is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To describe a new species of a parasitic copepod, Rhinergasilus digitus n. sp. (Cyclopoida, Ergasilidae), collected from the gills of the red-tailed lambari Astyanax fasciatus (Characiformes, Characidae) in two tributaries of the Jurumirim Reservoir (Upper Paranapanema River), São Paulo State, Brazil: Ribeirão dos Veados and Paranapanema River. Methods: Fish were collected using multi-panel gills nets. The gill of each fish was washed and examined in a stereo microscope for copepods. The copepods found were stored in 70% ethanol, cleared in lactic acid, and mounted in Hoyer's medium. Drawings were made with the aid of a Leica microscope DMLS equipped with a drawing tube. Results: The new species differs from its congeneric species, Rhinergasilus piranhus (type-species), in having comparatively biggest body size (body length: 535–598 µm in the new species vs. 237–282 µm in R. piranhus); second antennary segment armed with a minute sensillum near middle of inner margin and a row of spinules on outer margin; third exopodal segment of leg 1 with digitiform process; interpodal plates two and three both ornamented with spinules along posterior margin; leg 5 reduced and represented by two unequal setae. Conclusions: Based on the morphological differences described above, we erected a new species of Rhinergasilus. Rhinergasilus digitus n. sp. is the second ergasilid described from A. fasciatus, as well as it represents the first report of this genus in a characid fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copepods have successfully penetrated the groundwater realm through a series of morphological diversifications and adaptations. Research on this taxon has increased over the past decade because of its potential in revealing the status of groundwater environmental health and biodiversity. Despite efforts in documenting this group in other regions, groundwater copepods in South-East Asia remain barely studied. To date, only 47 species belonging to 22 genera from Harpacticoida, Cyclopoida and Calanoida have been documented from groundwater and groundwater-dependent habitats across the region. The steep species accumulation curve from 1980 up to the present indicates a high possibility of discovering more new species. Spatial distribution shows high local endemicity than regional scales, where some species considered to be rare and endemic were actually common in local habitats. Overall, the low number of records in the region is because of the lack of experts and limited accessibility to groundwater and dependent ecosystems, like aquifers and groundwater wells. A more intensive effort in documenting the diversity and distribution of groundwater copepods and building collaborations between experts in the region is highly needed. This information is important in drafting future conservation and management policies for the groundwater resources in the region. This paper focuses on taxonomy and habitat distribution of groundwater copepods in South-east Asia. We list 48 species from 22 genera documented from groundwater and groundwater-dependent habitats across the region that exhibit higher local endemicity compared to regional scale. A high number of species can still be discovered if more intensive sampling efforts and collaborative work are undertaken in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A shift towards oligotrophic conditions in Lake Michigan has led to concern that altered trophic pathways are leading to lower early life survival and recruitment for Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis). This study evaluated ontogenetic shifts in age‐0 Lake Whitefish diets and evaluated how feeding ecology and the amount of food eaten varied with prey abundance and composition at a site in southeastern Lake Michigan during 2014–2017. Although prey densities varied among years, cyclopoid copepods were overall the most abundant prey available. In turn, cyclopoids were the predominant prey item in diets each year, particularly for the smallest larval Lake Whitefish. However, there was a tendency for the importance of cyclopoids to decline somewhat in each diet index as fish grew and other prey such as calanoid copepods, Bosminidae, Daphniidae and/or chironomids increased in importance. High zooplankton abundance, especially high cyclopoid abundance, available to the small size groups of Lake Whitefish (<21 mm) in 2014 was associated with high food mass/fish, high number of zooplankton eaten/fish, and low incidence of empty stomachs compared with 2015–2017. As fish grew, the impact of food abundance on prey consumption diminished somewhat, indicating that the relationship between fish feeding ecology and the prey environment can change quickly with fish size during the early life period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Crustacean copepods in high-latitude lakes frequently alter their pigmentation facultatively to defend themselves against prevailing threats, such as solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and visually oriented predators. Strong seasonality in those environments promotes phenotypic plasticity. To date, no one has investigated whether low-latitude copepods, experiencing continuous stress from UVR and predation threats, exhibit similar inducible defences. We here investigated the pigmentation levels of Bahamian ‘blue hole’ copepods, addressing this deficit. Examining several populations varying in predation risk, we found the lowest levels of pigmentation in the population experiencing the highest predation pressure. In a laboratory experiment, we found that, in contrast with our predictions, copepods from these relatively constant environments did show some changes in pigmentation subsequent to the removal of UVR; however, exposure to water from different predation regimes induced minor and idiosyncratic pigmentation change. Our findings suggest that low-latitude zooplankton in inland environments may exhibit reduced, but non-zero, levels of phenotypic plasticity compared with their high-latitude counterparts.