Search

Modern flax varieties have a high genetic potential for productivity, which can be realised by improving the elements of cultivation technology, in particular, the fertilisation system, which is why the study is relevant. The purpose of the study was to investigate the regularities of the development of productivity of common flax plants and determine changes in quality indicators depending on the application of improved agrotechnological techniques in the soil and climatic conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe. The following methods were used: field, laboratory (to determine qualitative indicators), and statistical (to assess the reliability of data). Field studies were conducted during 2021- 2023 on grey forest surface-gleyed soils. The features of growth and development of common flax varieties Miandr, Oberih, Usivskyi and Ivanivskyi were studied using the following fertiliser rates: N20P40K60; N30P60K90; N45P90K135. It was found that the productivity of common flax varied depending on the dose of mineral fertilisers and varietal characteristics. On average, in 2021-2023, the growing season of common flax lasted 91-94 days (depending on the variety and mineral nutrition of plants). The highest yield of flax straw (4.37 t/ha) was obtained on average for 2021-2023 in the Oberih variety, subject to the application of a dose of mineral fertilisers N30P60K90. The increase over control was 0.52 t/ha (13.51%). The yield of straw in the Miandr variety varied from 3.59 t/ha (in the control) to 4.31 t/ha (with the application of N45P90K135), for the Usivskyi variety – 3.97-4.17 t/ha, for the Ivanivskyi variety – 3.12-3.81 t/ha. In terms of seed yield, the highest indicators on average for 2021-2023 were obtained from the Miandr variety, provided that a dose of mineral fertilisers N45P90K135 was used – 1.26 t/ha. The control yield was 0.88 t/ha. A similar trend was observed in the Oberih variety with seed yield indicators of 0.93 t/ha and 0.58 t/ha in the control. The seed yield of the Miandr variety exceeded the indicator of the Oberih variety by 0.33 t/ha against the background of fertiliser N45P90K135. Against this background, fertilisation resulted in the highest seed yields in the varieties Usivskyi (0.99 t/ha) and Ivanivskyi (0.91 t/ha), which was 0.17 t/ha (20.73%) and 0.07 t/ha (8.33%) higher than the control variant, respectively. The results of these studies can be used to adjust the elements of the technology of growing common flax in production conditions to increase the yield and quality of fibre

Modern flax varieties have a high genetic potential for productivity, which can be realised by improving the elements of cultivation technology, in particular, the fertilisation system, which is why the study is relevant. The purpose of the study was to investigate the regularities of the development of productivity of common flax plants and determine changes in quality indicators depending on the application of improved agrotechnological techniques in the soil and climatic conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe. The following methods were used: field, laboratory (to determine qualitative indicators), and statistical (to assess the reliability of data). Field studies were conducted during 2021-2023 on grey forest surface-gleyed soils. The features of growth and development of common flax varieties Miandr, Oberih, Usivskyi and Ivanivskyi were studied using the following fertiliser rates: N20P40K60; N30P60K90; N45P90K135. It was found that the productivity of common flax varied depending on the dose of mineral fertilisers and varietal characteristics. On average, in 2021-2023, the growing season of common flax lasted 91-94 days (depending on the variety and mineral nutrition of plants). The highest yield of flax straw (4.37 t/ha) was obtained on average for 2021-2023 in the Oberih variety, subject to the application of a dose of mineral fertilisers N30P60K90. The increase over control was 0.52 t/ha (13.51%). The yield of straw in the Miandr variety varied from 3.59 t/ha (in the control) to 4.31 t/ha (with the application of N45P90K135), for the Usivskyi variety - 3.97-4.17 t/ha, for the Ivanivskyi variety - 3.12-3.81 t/ha. In terms of seed yield, the highest indicators on average for 2021-2023 were obtained from the Miandr variety, provided that a dose of mineral fertilisers N45P90K135 was used - 1.26 t/ha. The control yield was 0.88 t/ha. A similar trend was observed in the Oberih variety with seed yield indicators of 0.93 t/ha and 0.58 t/ha in the control. The seed yield of the Miandr variety exceeded the indicator of the Oberih variety by 0.33 t/ha against the background of fertiliser N45P90K135. Against this background, fertilisation resulted in the highest seed yields in the varieties Usivskyi (0.99 t/ha) and Ivanivskyi (0.91 t/ha), which was 0.17 t/ha (20.73%) and 0.07 t/ha (8.33%) higher than the control variant, respectively. The results of these studies can be used to adjust the elements of the technology of growing common flax in production conditions to increase the yield and quality of fibre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of improving the sustainability and efficiency of grain production, increasing its gross quantity and improving quality is a key one for farmers in the Stavropol region. Due to the lack of financial resources for most agricultural producers, the problem is largely solved by selecting the most effective cultivation technology elements, including new highly productive varieties due to the agrotechnology. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of forecrops, the level of mineral nutrition, sowing dates and seeding rates on productivity, grain quality and economic efficiency of cultivating new winter wheat varieties developed by the FSBSI “North-Caucasus Federal Research Agricultural Center”. As a result of study carried out on winter wheat crops of various varieties developed by the FSBSI “North-Caucasus FRAC”, productivity of the varieties sown in weedfree fallow was 5.71 t/ha, which was 3.41 t/ha more than after cropped fallow. The application of mineral fertilizers contributed to productivity improvement of the varieties sown in weedfree fallow on 1.27 t/ha, and on 1.8 t/ha when sown after winter wheat on average during 2018–2021. The maximum grain yield was identified at the optimal sowing time in September 30 – October 5 (an average of 6.8 % more than at early and late time). Different seeding rates did not have a significant effect on productivity. Based on the estimation of the effect of winter wheat cultivation technologies on productivity, grain quality and economic efficiency of cultivation, there have been given agrotechnological characteristics of the new winter wheat varieties developed by the North-Caucasus FRAC.

The biochemical composition of raspberry fruits at two different planting distances was investigated. Cultivars, such as Willamette, Meeker, Samodiva and the candidate cultivar Magdalena from the collection plantation of RIMSA-Troyan were included in the experiment. The planting material was produced in vitro. Planting distances are: 0.30 m and 0.50 m in the intrarow area of the plantation and 3.00 m in the inter-row spacing. The highest content of ascorbic acid was recorded in both variants of Willamette cultivar with 22.80 mg%. The highest amount of total sugars was found in the fruits of Willamette (0.30 m – 2.40%) and the candidate cultivar Magdalena (0.50 m – 2.70%). Variants with smaller plant spacing in Meeker and the candidate cultivar Magdalena had higher total polyphenol content (196.74 mg%; 204.13 mg%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The almond tree (Amygdalus communis L.) is a fruit species of great importance, which finds favourable growing conditions in certain areas in Romania and stands out due to the many properties of its fruit which have a long shelf life. Being a species that enjoys a real appreciation due to its nutritional and medicinal properties, shows interest to fruit growers, making necessary providing some varieties with late flowering and the adoption of modern culture technologies and the aim of this review is to present the current situation and to highlight the importance of relaunching the almond culture in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main directions of agricultural production in Ukraine is the stabilisation and increase in the production of high-quality food grains, which will ensure the country's food security and increase the export potential. Increasing the yield of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), the main grain crop of the country, is important in this regard. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of different intensity cultivation technologies on the productivity of winter wheat. The experiment was carried out in 2016-2020 and based on a stationary multifactorial experiment of the Department of Technology of Grain and Ear Crops of the National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Models of cultivation technologies were studied, which differed in the rates of applied mineral fertilisers, the insertion of pea straw residues, and the application of the plant protection system (PPS). The results showed a positive effect of the cultivation technologies with increasing intensity on the formation of winter wheat productivity. The amount of vegetative mass, the level of accumulation of the dry matter of plants, the density of productive stems, the length of the ear, the number of spikelets per ear, and the grain size of the ear increased. The factor 'fertilisation system' had the greatest influence (79.3%) on the formation of winter wheat grain yield. The highest grain yield was obtained by the highly intensive 1 (HI1) cultivation technology, which provided for the application of P80K100N240 fertilisers with the background of the straw residues of preceding crop and integrated PPS, which was 8.93 t ha-1 (excess to control was 4.71) with the best indicators of grains quality, protein content of 13.3-13.8%, and gluten content of 23.3-24.6%. On application of the studied technologies, winter wheat did not significantly accumulate copper, zinc, manganese, and iron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for wheat is projected to increase by 60% by 2050, highlighting its critical importance. This research aimed to investigate the impact of cultivation technologies on grain yield and the economic efficiency of different cultivation technologies for spring wheat in the non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation, where most research has focused only on yield and quality comparisons. Field experiments were conducted over two cropping seasons 2022 and 2023, using a split block design with three replications to assess three different cultivation technologies (Basic, Intensive and High-Intensive) and three genotypes (Agros, Belyana and Radmira). Findings revealed that variety and cultivation technology significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected spring wheat grain yields, agronomic efficiency of potassium (AE K), and phosphorus (AE P). Plots amended with basic and high-intensive cultivation technologies exhibited the lowest and highest wheat grain yields of 3.9 and 4.9 t ha−1, respectively. Belyana had the highest grain yield (5.0 t ha−1) followed by Agros (4.9 t ha−1). There was a significant increase in all economic parameter estimates with improved cultivation technologies. Agros exhibited the highest gross revenue over control (42718.0 Rub. ha−1), grain yield value (67900.0 Rub. ha−1), and net return (17537.0 Rub. ha−1) under high intensive cultivation technology, while Radmira had the highest marginal return (0.770) under intensive and variable cost ratio (1.77) under high intensive cultivation technology, whereas Belyana had the lowest values. Findings established that the application of improved cultivation technology maximizes crop yields and net returns, to meet the demands of the growing population. • Economic analysis showed a significant increase in grain yield and net return. • Yield of wheat genotypes enhance in high-intensive cultivation technology. • Potassium and Phosphorus efficiencies increase, with Intensive and High intensive cultivation technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to determine the economic efficiency of sweet potato production in Polish conditions (4949′ N, 2150′ E). The study was based on the results of a 3-year (2017–2019) field experiment conducted in slightly acidic brown earth. The experiment used the random subblocks method, in which the main experimental factors were cultivation technologies: A) traditional, with no cover, B) with the use of PP spunbond nonwoven. Secondary factors included 5 cultivars of sweet potato of all earliness classes (Goldstar, Carmen Rubin, Satsumo Imo, Beauregard, White Triumph). Constant organic and mineral fertilization was used, and cultivation was carried out in accordance with normal agricultural practice. The propagating material included rooted cuttings of sweet potato from in vitro propagation, planted with 50 x 75 cm spacing. The economic effect of production was determined by all experimental factors. The profitability of production was increased by the use of PP spunbond nonwoven. The most beneficial economic factors were achieved when growing the Beauregard cultivar, and the least – when growing White Triumph. The largest cost of sweet potato commercial production were sweet potato cuttings, which amounted to 56%, and the smallest – plant protection products – 1% of direct costs per 1 ha of crops. Sweet potato production in Polish soil and climate conditions between 2017–2019 turned out to be cost-effective.

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Agriculture is one of the main engines pushing a society towards change, having influences both in the economic and social environments. Agriculture, in turn, is influenced by various factors that come out of human control, such as natural and technical factors. Some of the main natural factors are the relief and the type of soil, while technical factors are represented by mechanization, irrigation, chemistry, and so on. Agriculture also has a significant impact in the social sphere. The process of social division finds its foundations in agriculture. This is easily observable by the emergence and development of new branches of material production derived from agriculture or based on the provision of food by agriculture. The paper presents the implementation of a specialized agricultural system. The subject addressed is the establishment of a fruit plantation and the presentation of economic and technological features. (ARDELEAN 1979, BORCEAN 1996) The area allocated to this project is 4 ha. This area is divided into 3 areas where 3 different types of trees are planted. The varieties planted are apple (Jonathan, Florina, and Golden delicious), pear (Daciana, Aromată de Bistrița, and Untoasă bosc) and plum (Centenar, Stanley, and Tuleu gras). The areas will be the same for the plots where apple trees and plum trees are planted (1.1 ha) and plum trees are allocated an area of 1.8 ha. Before starting the planting process, work is needed to prepare the land, namely, cleaning the soil of plant residues, applying a product to improve the fertility of the land, and levelling it. The size of the pits in which the trees are inserted have a standalone size for all plots of 60x60x60 cm. (COSTE 1986, IANOȘ 1997) A tree plantation requires year-round care. In the spring and in the summer, when temperatures rise, trees get watered in case of drought, foliar fertilizers and treatments against diseases and pests are applied, shoots starting in unwanted areas are cleaned and, last but not least, the shoots are lead and the grass in the tree area is cleaned. When autumn comes, work is carried out to remove the dry branches and, if necessary, the resting process is hastened by removing the leaves. This plan focuses mainly on the costs of implementing fruit tree cultivation. The total investment amounts to 330,119 lei. But, as time goes on, the costs become lower and lower, and the need to invest will be much lower in order to maintain the tree plantation within normal operating parameters. (IOAN 2005) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists is the property of Polish Association of Agricultural & Agribusiness Economists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to determine the accumulation of selected micro-elements in sweet potato tubers depending on their genotype and cultivation method. The field experiment was conducted in 2019 in Żyznów, Podkarpackie Province (49°49ʹ01˝N 21°50ʹ21˝E), in brown earth, on defective wheat complex. It was based on a randomized block design in three replicates. The experimental factors were cultivars (Carmen Rubin, Goldstar and White Triumph) of various morphological and physiological types, as well as cultivation methods (traditional – as control, PE – polyester film, PP – nonwoven). The fertilisation was maintained on a fixed level (organic – manure in the amount of 25 t. ha-1 in autumn, and mineral in spring, prior to planting, in the amount of: 80 kg N; 34.9 kg P; 99.6 kg K. ha-1). During vegetation, cultivation was carried out in accordance with normal agricultural practice. During harvest, medium-sized tuber samples were collected for chemical analyses, all sourced from 10 plants from each crop plot. The content of micro-elements (manganese, iron, copper, zinc) was determined with the use of atomic absorption spectroscopy. The research results were analysed statistically using one-way analysis of variance at a significance level p=0.05. The accumulation of micro-elements in sweet potato tubers was connected both to cultivar properties and to their reaction to under-cover cultivation methods. Of the micronutrients tested, sweet potato tubers contained the most iron, and the least copper. The highest content of copper was White Triumph, while the most abundant in manganese, iron and zinc was the Goldstar variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the biomass produced by the energetic plants is rather criticized, because these plants need large culture surfaces, thus competing with the agricultural land allotted to food production. One of the current trends of scientific biological researches with practical goal is the cultivation of algae designed to obtain the algal biomass as an important raw material used in biotechnologies for production of alternative fuel. This paper presents the most up-to-date technologies and installations for industrial cultivation of microalgae together with INMA researches results materialized in the installation of open culture systems growing, of waterfall type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the research on the formation of the leaf surface area of spring wheat of Darya variety in different cultivation technologies on the chernozem soil of Kursk Region. The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of the formation of the leaf surface of spring wheat depending on the cultivation technology and to identify the conjugate relationships of indicators under the conditions of chernozem soils of Kursk Region. The results of the conducted studies indicate that intensive cultivation technology contributes to the activation of the assimilation apparatus of leaves during the entire growing season of the crop. A high direct correlation between the leaf surface area in the Z 13 and Z 55 phases and the application of mineral fertilizers was established (r = 0.73; 0.80, respectively). At Z 25 the leaf surface area has a direct noticeable relationship with primary tillage (r = 0.51) and a moderate one with the application of mineral fertilizers (r = 0.36). The use of sugar beet tops as organic fertilizer had a positive effect on the leaf area of one plant at Z 25 and Z 55, as evidenced by a noticeable correlation (r = 0.52; 0.52, respectively). It was found that the area of the flag leaf, as well as its length and width, increased with a decrease in the density of standing plants per square meter of cropped area. The flag leaf area and width decreased depending on the height of the plants, while the length increased. The development of the flag leaf area directly affected the accumulation of dry weight of plants (r = 0.53), the formation of the total assimilation surface of plants (r = 0.72), as well as a high direct relationship with the length of the ear (r = 0.75), which in turn is closely directly correlated with the weight of grain from one ear (r = 0.70). Thus, the evidence of the direct influence of the area of the flag leaf on the formation of the crop yield is presented.

The article presents an analysis of the problem of the technology choice for Arctic territories cultivation. The authors regards two alternatives, settlement technology and long-distance commuting. The paper describes two examples of diff erent technologies’ implementation, cases of municipal district Vorkuta (Russian Federation) and archipelago Spitsbergen (Norway). Economic analysis of activity of Norwegian and Russian coal-mining companies confirms the higher level of productivity for Norwegian company SNSK. The authors formulated conclusions concerning economic eff ectiveness of settlement technology and long-distance commuting approach on the basis of economic calculations.

Sagina japonica (Sw.) Ohwi is a traditional medicinal herb for the treatment of lacquer dermatitis, and its medicinal and ecological value needs to be further developed. Based on broad literature search, this paper summarized the identification, composition, pharmacology, clinical applications, ecological value, and cultivation technologies of S. japonica (Sw.) Ohwi, aiming at providing scientific information for further research and development of S. japonica (Sw.) Ohwi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a life cycle assessment of energy crop production for bioethanol to clarify the potentialities of biomass utilisation systems in Japan, focusing on cumulative fossil energy demand and global warming potential. Their reductions were evaluated under two scenarios; one was improving cultivation technologies and breeding of new crop varieties, and the other was setting up of regional biomass utilisation systems, in which biomass resources from various industries were utilised mutually and effectively. It was proved that the improvement in cultivation technologies and the establishment of regional biomass utilisation systems have large potential for saving fossil fuel resources and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Although these results largely depend on scenarios including the lifetime and coverage area of agricultural machinery, and types of biomass utilisation, it was concluded that substitution of petrol by bioethanol converted from these energy crops has considerable potential for rendering our society more sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the semi-arid tropics viticulture was successful according to technologies developed by Hungarian expertise