Search

Summary The neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin play a central role in the feeling of happiness. Throughout the history of mankind, new chemical substances which positively affect happiness kept being produced in ever higher concentrations and quantities. All these substances have disadvantages, especially in longterm use and bring only deceptive happiness. By no means, however, the acutely more toxic substances claim the most victims. The attempt is to avoid the use of artificially added happy drugs and stimulants and to rely on natural hormones of happiness instead or to reduce consumption and make use of the body's own substances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Section 64 of the German Criminal code (StGB) which rules the admission of convicted individuals with substance use disorders to forensic hospitals has been revised (1.10.2023) and is more restrictive than the previous legislation. This brings with it a number of innovations for psychiatric experts and clinicians. Aim: Significant innovations for forensic experts are presented. For example, they must assess the diagnosis and severity of a substance use disorder, its relevance for the conviction and the prospects of possible treatment interventions. Clinical and forensic implications of these changes are discussed. Conclusion: The amendment will lead to considerable changes in psychiatric assessment and case law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of tobacco, alcohol and other drugs has considerable health consequences. Substance histories are often only incompletely taken in everyday clinical practice. When learning to take a medical history in medical school, one of the learning objectives is to inquire about consumption behavior. The aim of this exploratory study was therefore to examine the content and language of substance histories taken by medical students. Methods: From a simulation training of a first working day in hospital, 91 video films of medical histories were available, which advanced medical students had conducted with six patients with different consumer behavior. These interviews were verbatim transcribed and analyzed using content-structuring qualitative content analysis according to Kuckartz. For all substances, the reasons for the questions and the depth of the respective substance use were categorized and errors in the questions were examined. In addition, a linguistic analysis of the verbal ways in which the substances were inquired about was carried out. Results: The students most frequently asked about smoking (73.3%). In only 15.4% of the interviews were all substances asked about, in none were all substances asked about completely. A total of 112 protocol questions and 21 occasion-related questions were identified. Logical errors and double questions were found. Most of the questions were asked in a factual manner. However, questions in the categories "evasive" and "stigmatizing" were also found. Conclusion: The content-related and linguistic deficits of medical students in the collection of substance histories identified in this study should be addressed in communication courses at an early stage of undergraduate medical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While research into alcohol abuse is abundant, the science of how differing cultures view and respond to mild work-related alcohol consumption has been scientifically neglected. This article displays results from surveys conducted over a 7-year period and pivots around the cultural dimensions ‘Power distance’, ‘Individualism’, Indulgence’ and ‘Interpersonal trust’ which are correlated with motivators, responses and acceptance levels of mild work-related alcohol consumption. The strongest motivator for participating in mild work-related drinking was ‘To celebrate with colleagues’, which achieved significance with all cultural dimensions except power distance, which in contrast, achieved significance with the motivator ‘To bring out the real character’ of the counterpart. Power distance also correlated strongly with negative emotions regarding the refusal of a drink when offered by a senior. Altogether, 52 correlation tests were conducted of which 18 achieved significance. We believe that a better understanding of this topic will increase the likelihood of obtaining a harmonious workplace that lessens employee misunderstandings and conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatrie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal / Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Aims: The previous recommendations of the German Centre for Addiction Issues (DHS) how to deal with alcohol were based on low-risk drinking limits. The aim of this statement was to update this recommendation. Methods: A narrative review of the current literature on the relationship between alcohol consumption and the development of morbidity and mortality was carried out by a sub-working group of the Scientific Board of Trustees of the DHS. The summary of the evidence and the recommendations derived from it were agreed upon by the entire Board of Trustees and adopted by the DHS Board. Results: A positive relation between alcohol consumption and health, as found in earlier studies, is due to methodological shortcomings. It cannot be concluded from the evidence that alcohol has a health-promoting effect. In addition, available data reveal a linear relationship between alcohol consumption and the development of diseases and premature death. The linear associations between the amount of alcohol consumed and the probability of falling ill or dying apply to common diseases in both men and women. Conclusion: Recommendations based on low-risk drinking quantities can no longer be upheld. Instead, it is recommended to reduce alcohol consumption – regardless of the amount of alcohol drunk. For physical health it is best not to drink alcohol at all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Codzienny styl życia oraz sposób odżywiania wpływają na kondycję psychofizyczną organizmu. Palenie tytoniu zwiększa ryzyko raka krtani. Może zwiększać ryzyko wystąpienia refluksu krtaniowo‑gardłowego oraz obrzęku Reinkego. Nadmierne spożycie napojów wysokoprocentowych skutkować może odwodnieniem błon śluzowych organizmu oraz zmianami barwy głosu. Publikacje naukowe nie potwierdzają jednoznacznego szkodliwego wpływu kofeiny na narząd głosu. Szkodliwość ta może wynikać z ilości przyjmowanej kofeiny. Odwodnienie organizmu ma szkodliwy wpływ na aerodynamiczne i akustyczne pomiary fonacji. Zbyt niska podaż wody w ciągu dnia może prowadzić do obniżonego nawilżenia błon śluzowych jamy ustnej, gardła oraz krtani. Osoby przyjmujące małą ilość płynów w ciągu dnia mogą odczuwać nadmierną suchość w jamie ustnej, bóle gardła czy chrypkę. Dieta wspierająca prawidłową pracę narządu głosu powinna być dietą zbilansowaną, spełniającą dzienne zapotrzebowanie kaloryczne oraz witaminowo‑mineralne. Jednym z najkorzystniejszych modeli diety, o prozdrowotnych właściwościach jest dieta śródziemnomorska. Spośród ziół i przypraw wykazujących pozytywny wpływ na błony śluzowe narządów uczestniczących w emisji głosu wymienia się m.in. nagietka lekarskiego, tymianek właściwy, imbir lekarski oraz czarnuszkę siewną. Celem artykułu jest podkreślenie wpływu diety i jej poszczególnych elementów oraz stylu życia na głos.

Background: Students face great challenges at the beginning of and during their studies. Competitive experience, exam anxiety, and especially the new performance requirements often cause test anxiety and stressful experiences. The extent of substance use in terms of neuroenhancement (NE) is unclear. Evidence shows associations between NE, increased stress levels, and mental health. Objectives: We aim to determine the prevalence of NE and alcohol and tobacco use among college students. We also investigate the associations between NE and ADHD, anxiety, depression, and stress experience. Methods: In spring 2021, an anonymous online cross-sectional survey was conducted among students of medicine, dentistry, business economics, and business informatics in Würzburg. The survey included the instruments ASRS (ADHD), PSS-10 (stress), PHQ-4 (depression and anxiety), and AUDIT-C (alcohol comsumption), as well as questions about consumption patterns, prior knowledge, and reasons for NE. Results: Of the 5564 students who were invited to participate, 1010 completed the questionnaire (18.2%). Of these, 12.4% indicated NE for the studied period. NE was used in particular during preparations for exams, to enhance performance, and/or to regulate emotions, most commonly through caffeine tablets, cannabis, and methylphenidate. NE was associated with risky use of alcohol or tobacco, and to a lesser extent with ADHD symptoms and stress experience. Conclusions: Students are at risk of substance abuse and NE. Effective stress management and prevention approaches as well as low-threshold services are needed to identify and support students with risk profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Wound Management / Leczenie Ran is the property of Evereth Publishing Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Family Medicine Forum / Forum Medycyny Rodzinnej is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Výživa a Potraviny is the property of Spolecnost pro Vyzivu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Special Treatment / Különleges Bánásmód is the property of University of Debrecen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A COVID-19 világjárvány idején, s az azt követő időszakban is számos kutató foglalkozott a pandémia a társadalomra gyakorolt hatásival, mely változások mai napig szerves részét képezik a lakosság életének. Általánosságban elmondható, hogy a korlátozásoknak köszönhetően jelentősen átformálódott az egyének egészségmagatartása. Kutatásunkban a megkérdezett magyar felnőtteket (n=336) vizsgáltuk, ahol a fókuszban a célcsoport társas kapcsolatok fenntartásával kapcsolatos tapasztalatainak felmérése állt, a káros szenvedéllyel, lelki egészséggel és a szociális faktorokat tekintve. A kapott eredmények alapján elmondható, hogy a megkérdezettek több mint fele kevesebbet kommunikált és/vagy találkozott az ismerőseivel, barátaival a pandémia idején. A válaszadók 72%-a arról számolt be, hogy jelenleg ugyanannyit dohányzik, míg 36%-uk ugyanannyi alkohol fogyasztott, mint a világjárványt megelőző időszakban. A káros szenvedélyek (alkoholfogyasztás és dohányzás) tekintetében a két változó gyakoriságai között arányosság fedezhető fel. Akik többet dohányoztak, mint a járvány megjelenése előtt, gyakrabban fogyasztottak alkoholt is, s ez igaznak bizonyult a gyakoriságok csökkenésében is. Azon válaszadók, akik a dohányzási szokásaikat tekintve nem tapasztaltak változást, alkoholfogyasztás tükrében is hasonlóan vélekedtek. A megkérdezett nők nagyobb érzelmi kilengést mutattak, mint a férfi válaszadók, amikor a depresszió, reményvesztettség érzések megjelenésének gyakoriságáról kérdeztük őket. A résztvevők túlnyomó többségének (54,8%) összességében romlott a lelki egészsége a pandémia hatására, s a nemek tükrében megállapításra került, hogy a járvány ínséges időszaka inkább a nők (60,3%) lelki egészségére volt negatív hatással, a férfiakkal (46,2%) szemben.

Fadderuka samler hver høst tusenvis av nye studenter i landets studiebyer, til tross for at perioden kritiseres av medier og lokalsamfunn. I denne artikkelen utforsker vi fadderukas bidrag til fellesskap og utenforskap for nye studenter ved NTNU i Trondheim, basert på dybdeintervjuer av faddere og «fadderbarn» høsten 2020. Vi har identifisert tre temaer som kjennetegner fadderuka; (1) fadderuka som et kræsjkurs i studietilværelsen, (2) studielivets alkoholkultur som festing og drikkepress og (3) ulike inklusjons- og eksklusjonsmekanismer som preger perioden. Analysen er inspirert av Garfinkels etnometodologi, en bred tilnærming til ritualteoretiske perspektiver fra Durkheim, Goffman og Collins, samt teorier om overgangsritualer fra van Gennep og Turner. Med dette som teoretisk grunnlag foreslår vi konseptet «studentkompetanse» som et resultat av fadderukas praksiser, og som ressurs for å lykkes som student, både faglig, praktisk og sosialt. Vi argumenterer avslutningsvis for viktigheten av å ta vare på de gode sidene ved slike rituelle innlemmelsestiltak, samtidig som man arbeider med å redusere alkoholens sentrale rolle i perioden.

Abstract: Aims: The present study addresses potential problems with treatment transition by investigating the use of aftercare treatments by inpatients after alcohol withdrawal treatment without immediate transition to rehabilitation. Methods: We analyzed the control group of the SmartAssistEntz project. Therefor, 181 individuals were interviewed three and six weeks, as well as three and six months after their withdrawal treatment, assessing information regarding the use and evaluation of different aftercare treatments. Results: Over the course of the study, more than half of the participants reported using at least one aftercare treatment. Mostly and most continuously used were drug counseling offers (20-35 % of the participants). Rehabilitation treatments were reported by 8-14 % of the participants six weeks after withdrawal treatment, and by 27-33 % six months thereafter. The treatments were mostly considered to be "helpful", whereby self-help groups performed worst. The reason for the lack of aftercare was mostly waiting time (12-22 % of the cases). The use of rehabilitation treatment during the first three months after withdrawal treatment was associated with a reduced risk of relapse. Conclusions: Particularly drug counseling offers seem to be a low-threshold and subjectively helpful measure following inpatient withdrawal treatment. At the same time, regarding abstinence, the visit of rehabilitation treatments seems to be decisive. Thus, their use should be promoted more intensely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Hungarica is the property of Hungarian Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Legal Theory / Jogelméleti Szemle / Zeitschrift für Rechtstheorie is the property of Journal of Legal Theory / Jogelmeleti Szemle / Zeitschrift fur Rechtstheorie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Aim: Upon the release of the third edition of the book "Alcohol: no ordinary commodity", the authors evaluated the implementation of cost-effective alcohol policies in Germany. Method: Current legal regulations and practices addressing four policy areas were reviewed: (1) pricing and taxation policies; (2) regulating physical availability; (3) restrictions of alcohol marketing; and (4) drink-driving countermeasures. Results: Compared to other European countries, excise duties on alcoholic beverages and particularly on beer and wine are low and barely lower alcohol affordability. With few exceptions, alcoholic beverages can be purchased at any time and various retail venues (e. g., grocery stores, petrol stations). Restrictions on alcohol marketing are limited to youth protection and the portrayal of 'abusive' alcohol use. The recommended countermeasures to prevent driving under the influence of alcohol have been largely implemented. Conclusion: Cost-effective alcohol policies are insufficiently implemented in Germany, despite their potential to substantially lower the alcohol-related health burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background and Aims: This article summarizes the findings and conclusions of the third edition of Alcohol: No Ordinary Commodity. The latest revision of this book is part of a series of monographs designed to provide a critical review of the scientific evidence related to alcohol control policy from a public health perspective. Design: A narrative summary of the contents of the book according to five major issues. Findings: An extensive amount of epidemiological evidence shows that alcohol is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, disability and death in high-, middle- and low-income countries. Trends in alcohol products and marketing are described, indicating that a large part of the global industry has been consolidated into a small number of transnational corporations that are expanding their operations in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The main part of the book is devoted to a review of strategies and interventions designed to prevent or minimize alcohol-related harm. Overall, the most effective strategies to protect public health are taxation that decreases affordability and restrictions on the physical availability of alcohol. A total ban on alcohol marketing is also an effective strategy to reduce consumption. In addition, drink-driving counter-measures, brief interventions with at-risk drinkers and treatment of drinkers with alcohol dependence are effective in preventing harm in high-risk contexts and groups of hazardous drinkers. Conclusion: Alcohol policy is often the product of competing interests, values and ideologies, with the evidence suggesting that the conflicting interests between profit and health mean that working in partnership with the alcohol industry is likely to lead to ineffective policy. Opportunities for implementation of evidence-based alcohol policies that better serve the public good are clearer than ever before as a result of accumulating knowledge on which strategies work best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Szkoła Specjalna is the property of Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im Marii Grzegorzewskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of General Medicine & Health Sciences / Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu is the property of Witold Chodzki Institute of Rural Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SWS - Rundschau is the property of Verein fur interdisziplinare sozialwissenschaftliche Studien und Analysen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Logopaedica Lodziensia is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Work / Praca Socjalna is the property of Akademia Pedagogiki Specjalnej im Marii Grzegorzewskiej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forum Zaburzen Metabolicznych is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Celem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na następujące pytanie: w jaki sposób ukazane są w memach osoby, które w sytuacjach oficjalnych czy w trakcie prowadzenia samochodu były pod wpływem alkoholu? Jako materiał badawczy posłużyło 130 memów, które dotyczą takich popularnych osób, jak: Aleksander Kwaśniewski, Kamil Durczok, Beata Kozidrak i Daniel Olbrychski. W artykule scharakteryzowano mem pod kątem prezentowania zachowań nienormatywnych. Zwrócono więc uwagę na jego intencjonalność i sytuacyjność, a także na kulturotwórczy charakter (w szczególności wpływ na kształtowanie wizerunku postaci). Przedstawiono również mem jako nośnik pamięci. Następnie dokonano analizy wizerunku artystów i polityka. Zwrócono uwagę na środki wizualne i językowe, które służą deprecjacji.

I denne artikkelen undersøker vi hvilken betydning alkohol og alkoholhåndtering har for unge kvinner og menn med krysskulturell oppvekst. Vi anvender interseksjonalitet som perspektiv for å belyse hvordan ulike sosiale kategorier kan påvirke unges livsbetingelser og opplevelser av tilhørighet. Artikkelen bygger på kvalitative intervjuer med 13 unge voksne, som forteller om sine erfaringer med krysskulturell oppvekst. Våre analyser viser at alkohol og alkoholhåndtering har en sentral betydning i deres opplevelser og navigering av tilhørighet til majoritets- og minoritetsmiljøer. Som unge, religiøse kvinner og menn opplever de at alkoholkonsum og festing fungerer som markører for det å være ung og norsk, og at alkoholbruk er en betingelse for å bli en del av det norske majoritetsfellesskapet. Fra egne familier og minoritetsmiljøer opplever deltakerne derimot en forventning om avholdenhet og at de avstår fra fellesskap der det brukes alkohol. De motstridende forventningene vanskeliggjør navigering av tilhørighet til både majoritets- og minoritetsmiljøer. Artikkelen bidrar til å gi en økt forståelse av hvordan alkoholbruk er forbundet med hierarkiserende konstruksjoner av norskhet og fremmedhet, og inndelinger i «oss» og «dem».

Stroke is a neurological disorder associated with vascular injury of the central nervous system. This disease is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability worldwide. The prevalence of stroke in Indonesia increases with age. The highest stroke cases were aged 75 years and over (50.2%) and the lowest was 15-20 years (0.6%). Based on gender, male (11.0%) was more than female (10.9%). Stroke can be done by controlling lifestyle such as smoking, alcohol consumption, light physical activity, unhealthy eating patterns. The population in this study was to find stroke patients at Moewardi Hospital. Samples were outpatients at Anggrek 2 and inpatients at instalasi rehabilitasi medik totaling 30 patients. The method used is analytic observational with cross sectional design. Collecting data through direct interview techniques to the patient or the patient's guardian. The statistical test used to analyze the data in this study was the chi square test. The results of data analysis showed a relationship between diet (p=0.025 0.05) and alcohol (p = 0.309 > 0.05) with the incidence of stroke in Dr Moewardi Hospital.

Copyright of KONTAKT - Journal of Nursing & Social Sciences related to Health & Illness is the property of University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of KONTAKT - Journal of Nursing & Social Sciences related to Health & Illness is the property of University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zdravotnicke listy is the property of Alexander Dubcek University in Trencin, Faculty of Nursing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rechtsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer in the world with over a million new cases per year, and over 750,000 deaths caused by it. The highest incidence is recorded in Japan and China, Eastern Europe and South America, and the lowest is in Africa. The disease is 2 to 3 times more common within male population and people over 60 years of age, but this boundary shifts towards younger age. Five-year survival rate in European countries is 10 to 30%. This is a multifactorial disease and the most important risk factors are: Helicobacter pylori infection, smoking cigarettes, alcohol consumption, male gender, older age, reduced intake of vegetables and fruits, genetic predisposition, diabetes mellitus, etc. A prospective study was conducted on a selected population of 43 patients diagnosed with the two most common types of stomach cancer: adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell type cancer. Out of the total number of examinees, there were 32 male and 11 female patients, the average age of 68.83±9.26. Among all patients, 39.5% were smokers, 20.9% were alcohol consumers, 62.8% had Helicobacter pylori infection and 16.3% patients had diabetes mellitus. Analysis of the relationship between sex, age, smoking, alcohol intake and diabetes mellitus with the type of cancer did not show statistical significance. The frequency of Helicobacter pylori was statistically significantly different in relation to the type of cancer (p=0.007). In our study, there was no statistically significant difference between the male gender, the younger population, smokers, chronic alcohol consumers, and patients with diabetes mellitus and a certain type of cancer. Helicobacter pylori infection was found to be a key factor in the development of both types of gastric cancer. This research included a smaller sample of patients and it is necessary to examine a larger number of subjects in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study focuses on the comparison of coping strategies between patients with harmful alcohol consumption and control sample. Differences were studied in problem-focused coping, emotionfocused coping, avoidant coping strategies, and their subscales. Method: Responders were 50 male patients hospitalized at the acute psychiatric ward with an alcohol use disorder. The control sample consisted of 54 men without harmful alcohol consumption. All responders answered the questions on the severity of alcohol use (AUDIT), and on effective and ineffective coping strategies using the Brief Coping Strategies Questionnaire (Brief-COPE). Data were statistically analysed using t-test for two independent samples. Results: Patients showed significantly higher prevalence of coping strategies including instrumental support (t = -4.351; p < 0.001), emotional support (t = -2.279; p < 0.025), denial (t = -5.62; p < 0.001), selfdistraction (t = -1.994; p < 0.049), substance use (t = -5.242; p < 0.001), and self-blame (t = -2.512; p < 0.014) compared to the control sample. On the other hand, the coping strategies including acceptance (t = 2.57; p < 0.012), humour (t = 3.217; p < 0.002), positive reframing (t = 3.975; p < 0.001), and behavioral disengagement (t = 3.446; p < 0.001) were used significantly lesser by the patients than by the control sample. Overall, patients used avoidant coping strategies more often than the control sample (t = -3.737; p < 0.001). No significant differences were proved between patients and controls in the use of emotion-focused and problem-focused coping strategies. Conclusion: Patients with harmful alcohol consumption preferred ineffective coping strategies in comparison to the control sample. The patients' preference of using avoidant coping strategies may reduce their likelihood of abstinence. It is important to diagnose maladaptive coping strategies for managing stress, for providing psychotherapy and subsequent prevention in order to achieve successful treatment of patients with risky drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: In Germany, the prevalence rates for alcohol use disorders amount to approx. 6%, while about 3% are diagnosed as being alcohol dependent. Only 10% of the patients are undergoing treatment. There are apparent deficits with respect to early interventions. The internet presence of "Ohne Alkohol mit Nathalie" (OAmN) (Abstinence with Nathalie) ameliorates options for early treatment interventions using a web-based design; however, this intervention has not been evaluated to date, especially with respect to previous treatments. Methods: Over a 4-week period, 4 different channels of OAmN posted announcements for a survey participation introducing a link leading to a web-based survey questionnaire on the domain oamn.jetzt. The questionnaire offered open and closed as well as multiple choice questions regarding alcohol use patterns and attempts to change the problematic drinking behavior. Results: Out of 2022 participants 84.3% (n = 1705) stated to have or have had a problem with alcohol use, 17.7% (n = 302) had a diagnosis of alcohol dependence by a physician or psychologist and only 21% (n = 529) had been in therapy before. The majority of responders (85.5%, n = 1457) had stopped alcohol use before participating in the survey. Most of them (48.5%, n = 705) were assisted by OAmN, 97.5% (n = 1662) had been employed while having the abovementioned problem use of alcohol, 34.3% (n = 570) rated their job performance as "very good" and 43.2% (n = 718) as "good". Discussion: This pilot study revealed that OAmN can reach people affected by problematic drinking behavior who had not been in contact with the professional medical system for addiction treatment despite having a problematic alcohol use combined with the willingness to quit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nordic Nursing Research / Nordisk Sygeplejeforskning is the property of H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard) AS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polonia Maior Orientalis is the property of Jagiellonian University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)