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Background: Identifying accurate methods of assessing suicidal ideation has important implications. The lack of a universal definition of suicidal ideation has complicated measurement efforts. This study details the development of a brief self-report measure of suicidal ideation which specifically focuses on thoughts of suicide. Method: The Questionnaire for Suicidal Ideation (QSI) was developed by collating items from three existing measures of suicidal ideation. Items explicitly describing acts or behaviours were removed and Posner et al.'s (2007) definition of suicidal ideation was applied to the remaining items. The final questionnaire consisted of 6 items. Participants were adults (n = 192) and adolescents (n = 152) attending community mental health services in the Irish public health service. Results: The QSI demonstrated excellent reliability in adult (α =.91) and adolescent (α =.90) samples. Exploratory factor analysis produced a one-factor solution explaining 70% and 66% of the variance in adult and adolescent samples respectively. Evidence of relation with other variables was demonstrated with strong correlations between the QSI and measures of depression, hopelessness and borderline symptoms (r =.48 -.68). Conclusions: The results suggest that the QSI may be a reliable and valid method of assessing suicidal ideation in clinical populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cardiología (18855857) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the present study was to analyze the internal structure of different versions of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales - 21 (21, 14, 12, 9 and 8 items), to determine the degree of measurement invariance according to sex, and to estimate the reliability of the scores and the construct in Mexican adults. The sample consisted of 509 adults (61.1% male and 38.9% female) between the ages of 18 and 40 (mean age = 23.58; SD age = 5.33). Analyses were conducted using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and bifactor ESEM, and measurement invariance using multigroup factor analysis. The results indicated that the DASS-12 is the version that presents the best factorial parameters and evaluates a single factor called general distress, in addition to showing an acceptable degree of measurement invariance between men and women. It is concluded that the DASS-12 has a robust internal structure and adequate reliability. It is suggested as a line of future research to examine the scale in different groups (e.g., adolescents) and to conduct other analyses that allow the DASS-12 to be used as a measure of intervention effectiveness (e.g., longitudinal invariance). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-determination is a key construct to ensure the development of skills that enable individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) to take control of their lives. However, the study of self-determination-related skills in adults with ASD remains limited. This research aims to examine the levels of self-determination of 189 adults with ASD between 30 and 75 years old, as well as the personal or environmental factors related to these levels. Data were collected using an ad hoc scale developed from the Functional Model of Self-Determination. Most participants have a low level of self-determination, especially regarding empowerment-related skills. Factors such as age, type of support, or socioeconomic level affect these levels. There is also an inverse association between the level of ASD and certain self-determination skills. Adopting a comprehensive approach that promotes self-determination can significantly improve the quality of life for adults with ASD. This involves not only identifying factors that influence self-determination but also designing interventions that address the individual and contextual needs of each person with ASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alcohol consumption is a social issue that affects both young and adult populations, and its excessive or risky use can have detrimental effects on mental and emotional health. High alcohol consumption can decrease psychological well-being, which is characterized by life satisfaction, positive self-acceptance, healthy interpersonal relationships, a sense of purpose, and continuous personal growth. The primary objective of this study is to establish the relationship between psychological well-being and alcohol consumption using a quantitative method with a descriptive-correlational approach. The sample includes 110 adults, with an average age of 38.9, of whom 68% are men and 42% are women. The instruments used are the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale with 39 items and the AUDIT Questionnaire, which assesses the level of risk in alcohol consumption. The results indicate a close negative relationship between psychological well-being and alcohol consumption, with no significant gender differences in consumption patterns. This pattern reflects an evolution in social and cultural norms, with women increasingly engaging in drinking practices traditionally associated with men. The increase in risky consumption can lead to negative consequences for psychological well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Describe the prevalence of adults with high blood pressure (HBP) diagnosed, treated and controlled, using the care cascades framework in the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2020-2023. Materials and methods. Information from 3 094 adults =20 years was analyzed. Adults with HBP (n= 1 059) were the denominator of the care cascade, considering the accumulated losses in the proportion of adults diagnosed with HTN, treated and controlled. We identified people with adherence to pharmacological treatment. Results. The prevalence of HBP in Mexican adults was 29.9% (27.6% in women and 32.5% in men); 43.0% of adults with HBP had not been diagnosed and only 36.3% of those diagnosed and treated with drugs had BP values under control. Among people diagnosed with HBP and regularly taking antihypertensive drugs (75.3%), only 42.1% had controlled BP values; 52.1% of adults with hypertension do not take any non-pharmacological measures to control high BP. Conclusions. We found that there is poor performance of the health system to diagnose and control HTN. A prompt and concerted population-based strategy is required to reduce the burden of HTN, and avoid complications, disability and premature death due to stroke or ischemic heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To estimate the proportion of vaccinated subjects and associated factors in adults and older adults in Mexico. Materials and methods. Analysis of data obtained from the Ensanut Continua 2021-2023 and comparison with the proportion of vaccinated subjects in Ensanut 2012. Results. Given that only 6.8% of adults and older adults in Ensanut Continua 2021-2023 and 17.7% in Ensanut 2012 could accredit their vaccination status, the analysis is based on self-report. When comparing Ensanut Continua 2021-2023 with Ensanut 2012, the proportion of vaccinated subjects according to age group and biologic was as follows: adults aged 20-59 years, tetanus: 66.87 vs. 78.08%; women of childbearing age, tetanus: 71.1 vs. 82.0%; measles/rubella: 36.8 vs. 48.5%; older adults, tetanus: 59.5 vs. 65.86%; influenza: 58.7 vs. 51.9%; pneumococcus: 34.8 vs. 45.9%. Covid-19 vaccine coverage in younger and older adults was 86.6 and 89.2%, respectively. Incomplete schedules were more prevalent in men and in people without health insurance, among adults aged 20 to 59; and in people without health insurance, among adults aged 60 years or older. Discussion. A considerable proportion of adults and older adults are not protected against vaccinepreventable diseases in 2021-2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims to present considerations about the education of deaf people in the education of young people and adults - EJA. We consider it important to carry out a bibliographical survey using thesis and dissertations from the Capes Portal. This collection of information gave us the opportunity to reflect on what research has been like in Brazil on the descriptors "education of the deaf" and "education of young people and adults". Regarding the methodological proposal for data generation, we opted for a qualitative approach with bibliographic-analytical procedures. One of the initial results shows a marked lack of work regarding the inclusion of deaf people in EJA, mainly in the Northern region of Brazil, demonstrating the need for work in this EJA context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: physical activity is one of the modifiable risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases, whose prevalence is still low, and there are few data in the literature about the level of physical activity considering different domains (total activity, occupational activity, commuting, home activity and leisure time). Objective: to review the prevalence of physical activity in different domains and analyze the association between these domains and sociodemographic, economic and behavioral factors. Materials and Methods: Population-based cross-sectional study with data on physical activity in different domains (total, occupational, transport, household, and leisure time), sociodemographic data, and behavioral data. Sampling weights were assigned to gender, age, and education variables, and the association between the different domains and related factors was tested using Poisson regression. Results: 931 subjects were evaluated. Female sex was associated with total physical activity, commuting, and home; age was associated with total physical activity, occupation, and commuting. Schooling, nonwhite skin color, and smoking were each associated with leisure, domestic, and recreational domains. Socioeconomic level was associated with the commuting, household, and leisure domains. Overall physical activity, commuting, household, and leisure were associated with marital status. Conclusion: Physical activity levels differed across domains and associated factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Psicoterapia is the property of Revista de Psiquiatria y Psicologia Humanista, S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Es creciente el interés en la investigación sobre el impacto positivo que tiene la reserva cognitiva en el desempeño ejecutivo. El objetivo de este estudio es describir y comparar la flexibilidad cognitiva (FC) según el nivel de reserva cognitiva (RC) en dos grupos etarios: 50 adultos y 50 personas mayores, de ambos sexos de la ciudad de Mar del Plata. Se implementó un diseño correlacional transversal, con hipótesis de diferencia de grupos. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Examen Cognitivo de Addenbrooke-III, el Cuestionario de Reserva Cognitiva, el test CAMBIOS y el Cuestionario de datos socioeducativos. Los resultados serán útiles para evaluar la FC y obtener valores normativos para la población adulta y mayor en nuestra región. El estudio evidenció una correlación positiva entre la RC y el desempeño en FC en ambos grupos. Se encontró que los adultos poseen un mejor desempeño en FC frente a los adultos mayores. Además, aquellos con una RC más alta mostraron un mejor desempeño en FC que aquellos con una RC más baja, lo que sugiere que la RC está asociada con un mayor nivel de FC, independientemente de la edad.

En el mundo, la carga de la Diabetes Tipo 2 (DT2) recae en grupos socialmente “desfavorecidos”, entre estos grupos se encuentran los pueblos indígenas. La DT2 actualmente es un grave problema de salud pública por su elevada mortalidad y gastos catastróficos para su control y tratamiento. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre los factores socioculturales (Fatalismo, Religiosidad y Creencias de Diabetes) y el control de la diabetes tipo 2 en adultos indígenas Yoreme-Mayo. Material y Método: Estudio de diseño descriptivo, correlacional de corte transversal en 180 adultos indígenas con Diabetes Tipo 2 que vivían en zonas rurales y que asistían a cuatro Centros de Salud Rurales Dispersos del municipio de el Fuerte, Sinaloa. El muestreo fue probabilístico. Para medir las variables Socioculturales se utilizó una cédula de datos sociodemográficos, la Escala de multidimensional de Fatalismo, Bienestar Espiritual y Creencias de Pacientes con Diabetes, el Control de la DT2 de determinó a partir de la HbA1c. Resultados y Conclusiones: El 70.5% de los participantes fueron mujeres con 56.8 ± 8.4 años, el 73.9% de los participantes refiere ser hijo de madre y padre Yoreme-Mayo, el 66.4% y el 75.5% informó hablar y entender el Yorem-nokki. El 37.2% mostró niveles de HbA1c < 7%. Los puntajes de la Escala de Creencias de Pacientes con Diabetes (rs= -.10, p

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi construir a Escala Multidimensional de Empatia para Adultos (EMEA) e avaliar indicadores de validade e confiabilidade desse instrumento. Baseando-se na teoria de Martin Hoffman e em estudos empíricos anteriores, foram elaborados 67 itens para avaliar cinco dimensões da empatia. Após testagem da validade semântica e de conteúdo, uma versão com 31 itens foi administrada a 541 adultos, juntamente com o Interpersonal Reactivity Index, de Davis (1983). Uma análise fatorial exploratória indicou uma solução com três fatores, que agruparam 30 itens da EMEA e que juntos explicavam cerca de 52% da variância. Foram identificados indicadores de confiabilidade e de validade da EMEA, além de diferenças relacionadas ao sexo nos escores de empatia. Os resultados indicam que a EMEA é adequada para mensurar a empatia em adultos, avançando em relação a outros instrumentos disponíveis no Brasil, por abarcar diferentes tipos de sentimentos, além daqueles tradicionalmente avaliados nas pesquisas.

El propósito central de este estudio se enfoca en desarrollar un modelo explicativo de la felicidad subjetiva en adultos de Tacna, integrando la inteligencia emocional y la satisfacción con la vida como variables centrales. La muestra abarcó a 191 adultos de Tacna, con una distribución de género que comprendió el 54% de mujeres y el 46% de hombres. Se aplicaron tres modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para examinar la felicidad subjetiva en esta población. En el Modelo 1, se registró un cociente Chi-cuadrado sobre grados de libertad (X2/GL) de 1.644, con un Índice de Ajuste Comparativo (CFI) de 0.933, un Índice de Tucker-Lewis (TLI) de 0.919 y un Índice de Ajuste Normado por Parsimonia (PNFI) de 0.702. En el Modelo 2, luego de la eliminación de un predictor, se observó un X2/GL de 1.527, CFI de 0.951, TLI de 0.939 y PNFI de 0.709. Al incorporar una covarianza en el Modelo 3, se evidenciaron mejoras, con un X2/GL de 1.438, CFI de 0.959, TLI de 0.949 y PNFI de 0.706. La correlación más significativa se observó entre la felicidad subjetiva y la inteligencia emocional, con un valor p de 0.004. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la felicidad, inteligencia y satisfacción entre mujeres y hombres al realizar comparaciones por género. Estos resultados señalan que el Modelo 3 presenta el ajuste más sólido y una correlación significativa entre la felicidad y la inteligencia emocional

Objective. To estimate usual intake and the prevalence of excessive intake (PE) and insufficient intake (PI) of trans fatty acids (FAs) and other dietary FAs in the Mexican adult population in 2012 and 2016, and to compare these time points. Materials and methods. Data were collected through dietary recall using the five-step multiple-pass method of the 2012 and 2016 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys. Prevalences were estimated using the Iowa State University method. Linear and logistic regressions were used for analytic comparisons. Results. Both in 2012 and 2016, we observed high PE in trans FA, saturated FA, and total fat. High PI was found for polyunsaturated FA, omega 6, omega 3, Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) + Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). In 2016, PE was lower in trans FAs (29.1 vs. 38.4%), total fat (14.9 vs. 17.8%), saturated FAs (45.6 vs. 54.6%). PI was also lower in omega 3 FA (90.7 vs. 92.8%), omega 6 FA (39.8 vs. 62.2%), and EPA + DHA FA (96.3 vs. 99.6%; p<0.05) (p<0.05) vs 2012. Conclusion. Mexican adults showed notably high PE in trans FA, saturated FA, and total fat, as well as high PI in polynsaturated FA, omega 6, omega 3, and EPA. Given the associated health risks, it is critical to implement nutrition policies that regulate trans and saturated FAs in Mexico and faciliate improved dietary quality towards more polyunsaturated and omega 3 FAs, and less trans and saturated FAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate body typologies based on a combination of basic anthropo-morphological characteristics and body composition measured by multichannel bioimpedance in a sample from the adult population of Lebanon. A total of 302 subjects (173 males and 129 females) without acute or chronic health disorders were included in the study. Body composition was measured by the multichannel bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method, using the i30 device (MEDIANA, Korea). The research used 10 variables, including three basic anthropo-morphological variables, three for assessing fat, three for assessing the muscle component, and one index variable. K-means cluster analysis was used to define five specific clusters (5D) of body types based on sex. In light of the results, the study established five distinct clusters representing five different body typologies among Lebanese adults, categorized by sex: Male sample, Group 1 – Obese Endomorph (15.61 %), Group 2 – Balanced Mesomorph (16.76 %), Group 3 – Short Endomorph (30.06 %), Group 4 – Short Mesomorph (34.10 %), and Group 5 – Pathological Obese Endomorph (3.47 %); Female sample, Group 1– Obese Endomorph (2.33 %), Group 2 – Short Endo/Mesomorph (28.68 %), Group 3 – Short Ectomorph (32.56 %), Group 4 – Endomorph (22.48 %), and Group 5 – Balanced Mesomorph (13.95 %). Furthermore, the results indicated that the primary factor contributing to the distinctions among the identified clusters in terms of sex is fat tissue. This leads to the conclusion that eating habits cause the given differences, rather than the level of physical activity, regardless of sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Lichen nitidus is an infrequent dermatosis and especially prevalent in the pediatric population, although it also affects adults. It is typically characterized by papules with a smooth or umbilicated surface located on the extremities, trunk, and genitals. However, it exhibits various clinical manifestations that may vary according to location and subtype, making its diagnosis in these cases a challenge for the dermatologist. CLINICAL CASE: A 60-year-old female patient with a 9-month history of generalized, pruritic and some purpuric lesions, associated with keratoderma-type palmoplantar involvement. A biopsy was taken from one of the lesions located on the left forearm, compatible with generalized lichen nitidus. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to know the clinical varieties of this dermatosis, especially the generalized form. In these cases, the identification of typical lichen nitidus lesions in some body segments, central palmar involvement, and histological findings are key. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transfer of functions is key to explain the change in behavior resulting from a therapeutic intervention and has traditionally been explained based on operant conditioning processes. This exploratory study sought to find experimental evidence of transfer of functions using classical conditioning procedures. Three conditioned visual stimuli (EC1, EC2 and EC3) and one aversive unconditioned (EI) auditory stimulus were used. EC1 was associated with EC2, EC3 with EI and then verbally paired EC1 with EC3 seeking to transfer the function of the EI to EC2 without ever having been directly associated. Electrodermal activity was measured in four adults and a transfer test was performed. We found only some evidence of transfer of the function of the elicitor EI of electrodermal activity (a chirp) to a visual image (EC2) through the pairing of the previously conditioned words “Antonio” (EC1) and “chirp” (EC3). This exploratory finding tentatively suggests that Pavlovian conditioning could explain some therapeutic processes, related to the effect that the verbal interaction between client and therapist has on the behavior of the former and its control outside the clinic, completing the traditional explanations based on operant conditioning. However, it is insufficient and limitations and suggestions for the continuity of this line of research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pacha: Revista de Estudios Contemporáneos del Sur Global is the property of PACHA REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS CONTEMPORANEOS DEL SUR GLOBAL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agroindustrial Science is the property of Agroindustrial Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To determine the association between diabetes mellitus and chronic depression in adults in the Peruvian population. Materials and methods: A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out, based on the data collected by the 2020 Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES - Demographic and Family Health Survey, 2020). The sample was made up of 14,245 adults; depression was considered as a dependent variable (with depression/without depression), and the independent variables were diabetes mellitus (Yes/No), wealth index (the poorest, poor, middle class, rich, the richest), education (kindergarten-preschool and primary, secondary, non-university higher, university higher and graduate), alcoholism (Yes/No), area of residence (urban/rural). The program used for the statistical analysis was IBM SPSS: Release 23. A univariate data analysis was carried out by determining the frequencies and percentages. Subsequently, in the analytical phase, bivariate and multivariate analyses by logistic regression were used to evaluate the strength of the association between the variables (p < 0.05). Results: A total of 15.7 % of adults between 27 and 59 years of age experienced chronic depression. Furthermore, the bivariate analysis revealed an association between the outcome variable and covariates-diabetes mellitus, level of education and wealth index-(p < 0.05). Depression is more common in lower socioeconomic groups, with higher rates among the poor (16.63 %) and less educated population, especially in those with kindergarten, preschool and primary education (18.88 %). In contrast, the rich and richest classes show lower rates of depression (15.27 % and 12.04 %, respectively). On the other hand, in the multivariate analysis, the risk estimation was carried out, and it was found that having diabetes increased the risk of suffering depression by 1.66 times compared to patients who did not have diabetes. Conclusions: There is an association between chronic depression and diabetes mellitus in the adult population aged 27 to 59 years; in addition, a low wealth index and a lower level of education are risk factors for chronic depressive disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ketogenic diet was an amazing approach to treating epilepsy from its beginning. The body undergoes a change in obtaining energy, going from depending on carbohydrates to depending on fats, and then a whole series of biochemical routes are launched that, independently but also complementary, give rise to a set of effects that benefit the patient. This search for its mechanism of action, of devising how to improve compliance and take advantage of it for other diseases has marked its trajectory. This article briefly reviews these aspects, emphasizing the importance of continuing to carry out basic and clinical research so that this treatment can be applied with solid scientific bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and aims: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease whose gastrointestinal compromise mainly involves the pancreas, bile ducts, and liver. Our aim was to analyze abdominal ultrasound findings. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted on adults (patients ≥ 16 years of age) diagnosed with CF, within the time frame of 2006-2019. Clinical and genetic parameters, body mass index, forced expiratory volume in one second, pancreatic insufficiency, CF-related diabetes, cirrhosis secondary to CF, and abdominal ultrasound images were analyzed. Results: Seventy patients, 39 of whom were men (55.8%), had a mean age of 27 years and a mean body mass index of 21.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2 (r: 17-30.9). Forty-seven (67.1%) presented with pancreatic insufficiency, 6 (8.5%) with cirrhosis secondary to CF, and 21 (30%) had CF-related diabetes. Median forced expiratory volume in one second was 47% and the F508del mutation was found in 56.1%. Images of the pancreas: no pathologic findings in 49 (70%), increased echogenicity in 18 (25.7%), and cysts in 3 (4.3%). Gallbladder images: microgallbladder in 3 (4.2%), biliary sludge in 2 (2.8%), gallstones in 7 (10%), and a history of cholecystectomy in 4 (5.8%). Liver and spleen images: no pathologic findings in 47 (67.2%), homogeneous hepatomegaly with splenomegaly in 2 (2.8%), a heterogeneous pattern of the parenchyma in 11 (15.8%), increased echogenicity in 4 (5.7%), and heterogeneous echo patterns, lobulated liver contour, and splenomegaly in 6 (8.5%). Conclusion: Abdominal ultrasound is a safe, low-cost technique that enables the identification of some degree of chronic liver and pancreatic diseases, improving the approach and follow-up decisions in adult patients with CF. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: La fibrosis quística (FQ) es una enfermedad genética cuya afectación gastrointestinal implica principalmente al páncreas, los conductos biliares y el hígado. El objetivo es analizar los hallazgos ecográficos abdominales. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo de adultos ≥16 años con diagnóstico FQ, periodo evaluado 2006-2019. Se analizaron los parámetros clínicos, genéticos, el índice de masa corporal, el volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo, insuficiencia pancreática, diabetes relacionada con FQ, cirrosis secundaria a FQ e informes de la ecografía abdominal. Resultados: Setenta pacientes, 39 (55.8%) varones, mediana de edad: 27 años. Media de índice de masa corporal 21.3 ± 2.8 kg/m2 (r: 17-30.9). Insuficiencia pancreática en 47 (67.1%), cirrosis secundaria a FQ en 6 (8.5%), diabetes relacionada con FQ en 21 (30%) pacientes. Mediana volumen espiratorio forzado en el primer segundo 47%. F508del en el 56.1%. Imágenes en páncreas: sin hallazgos patológicos en 49 (70%), aumento de la ecogenicidad en 18 (25.7%) y quistes en 3 (4.3%). Imágenes en vesícula biliar: microvesícula en 3 (4.2%), barro biliar en 2 (2.8%), cálculos biliares en 7 (10%), antecedente de colecistectomía en 4 (5.8%). Imágenes en hígado y bazo: sin hallazgos patológicos en 47 (67.2%) hepatomegalia homogénea con esplenomegalia en 2 (2.8%). Patrón heterogéneo del parénquima en 11 (15.8%), ecogenicidad aumentada en 4 (5.7%) ecoestructura heterogénea, bordes lobulados y esplenomegalia en 6 (8.5%). Conclusión: La ecografía abdominal es una técnica segura y de bajo costo que permite identificar algún grado de hepatopatía crónica y pancreática mejorando las decisiones en el abordaje y seguimiento de pacientes adultos con FQ.

Introdução e Objetivo: A creatina é um suplemento alimentar que vem sendo muito utilizado devido ao seu potencial de efeito no rendimento físico, aumentando o desempenho muscular em praticantes de exercício físico e atuando no combate da perda de massa muscular relacionada ao envelhecimento. Este estudo objetivou analisar a literatura científica em relação ao uso do suplemento de creatina na prática de exercício físico em adultos e idosos. Materiais e métodos: A busca foi conduzida utilizando base de dados como PubMed, Scielo e Lilacs e limitou-se a estudos originais, randomizados, realizados com seres humanos, publicados nos últimos dez anos e nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol. Foram recuperados 415 artigos, onde 40 foram selecionados pelo título, e após a leitura dos resumos, 28 foram descartados por critérios estabelecidos. Após isso os artigos selecionados foram submetidos a uma avaliação de qualidade metodológica pela escala Jadad. Resultados: Foram avaliados 12 artigos, correspondentes a estudos randomizados, sendo metade em adultos e metade em idosos, sendo que a maioria avaliou indivíduos do sexo masculino. Os protocolos de suplementação de creatina variaram em relação à quantidade e tempo de duração. Os desfechos avaliados variaram entre força, índice de fadiga, potência, resistência, neutralização da perda de massa induzida pelo envelhecimento. Conclusão: De modo geral, os estudos mostraram que o exercício de resistência associado ao uso de creatina melhora diferentes pontos no desempenho muscular, como também, neutraliza a perda de massa magra em idosos.

Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento de un grupo de adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de una comunidad urbana de Tamaulipas. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo-trasversal, llevado a cabo en 215 adultos portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo2. Se aplicó una cedula de datos sociodemográficos y el Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (CSI). Los datos se procesaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 21. Investigación sustentada bajo las normas de la Ley General de Salud en Materia de Investigación en México. Resultados: Prevaleciendo la participación del sexo femenino con un 72.09%. El 58.13%% poseen adecuadas estrategias de afrontamiento, el 35.37% poseen buenas estrategias de afrontamiento, el resto malas estrategias de afrontamiento. Por dominios el 43.7% presentaron adecuada y buena resolución de problemas, el 66.0% presento baja autocritica. 72.5% tuvo adecuada expresión emocional. El 79.0% presento pensamientos desiderativos, 55.3% tiene buen apoyo social, 32.0% presento baja reestructuración cognitiva. El 45.1% y 33.9% presento insuficiente y baja evitación de problemas respectivamente. Y el 66.0% y 30.6% tenía negativa y moderada retirada social respectivamente. Conclusiones: Las estrategias de afrontamiento se deben considerar como aquellas demandas tanto físicas como mentales que hay que poner en práctica para favorecer la calidad de vida de las personas que padecen una enfermedad crónica, ya que es una parte decisiva para avanzar o estancarse en el manejo de la enfermedad la cual no es transitoria sino permanente y al no tratarla adecuadamente provoca complicaciones de diferente índole, afectando todas las esferas de la persona.

The essay has the main purpose of focusing on the importance of the role of reading in the adolescent's educational process starting from the reading of "Like a novel" by Daniel Pennac. The famous French writer gives us the lesson on the importance of the "great desire to convey" the passion of reading and looking at boys and girls in a new way. Reading his novel gives us back the gaze of an author who reads life as an Adult and makes his novel an attestation towards life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Burns constitute a public health problem that mostly affects developing countries [1,2]. In Panama, there is a burn unit for the management of adult patients, located in the capital city, and we do not have statistical data on these injuries in this population. Objectives: Through this retrospective descriptive study, we sought to generate the first database focused on the prevalence and characteristics of adult burn patients in Panama. Methods: We included 110 records of adults admitted to the Reconstructive Surgery Service of the Hospital "Dr. Rafael Hernández L." (HRRH) in Chiriquí, Panama with a diagnosis of "Burn" during the years 2016 and 2018, with emphasis on their demographic data, month of admission, mechanism of injury, degree of burn, percentage of total body surface area burned (SCTQ), in-hospital stay (EIH) and surgical approach. Results: A period prevalence of 16% was obtained. 39% of cases were reported in 2018. A median age of 42.5 years and a male: female ratio of 1.4:1 was recorded. The highest frequency of admissions was identified in January, followed by March and July (p=0.242). The most reported mechanism of injury was thermal energy (82.7%), the most common degree of burn was IIa (64.5%). In 70% of the cases, the percentage of SCTQ was less than 10%. Most of the cases had a HIE of less than 30 days, finding a statistically significant relationship between high percentages of SCTQ and a HIE of more than one month (p=<0.001). Sixty percent of patients did not receive surgical management. Conclusions: Adult burns represent an important percentage of the census managed by the HRRH Reconstructive Surgery service. Their frequency has increased over the years, with a predominance in the 41-50 age group and male gender. The most frequent burn profile was grade IIa with less than 10% of SCTQ. Higher percentages of SCTQ were related to EIH equal to or greater than one month. Most of the patients were managed with in-patient ward dressings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study approaches the experiences in Residential Care Homes from the perspective of eighteen former fostered adults and aims: (i) to know the reasons for the residential care measure; (ii) to identify the feelings experienced during the residential care measure; (iii) to identify the values and skills developed during the residential care measure; and (iv) to infer the factors promoting and inhibiting the adaptation during the residential care period. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews subject to content analysis. The institutionalisation resulted, above all, from problems present in the family context and the interviewees recalled entering the institution as a difficult and painful moment. The main facilitators of adaptation were the affective and lasting relationships with adults and peers, as well as the educational/leisure opportunities, the acquisition of values and skills, and the existence of a family climate, marked by stable routines, while the separation/loss of family members, the rigidity of rules and punitive practices, and the witnessing of disruptive behaviours were inhibiting factors. A positive assessment of the residential care measure was noticed, revealing potential implications considering the bio-ecological model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Difficult temperament is a set of behavioral characteristics that are associated with mental health and a significant predictor of psychopathology. This study aims to investigate which temperamental characteristics can be considered attributes of difficult temperament in Lithuanian adults. The sample consisted of 429 adults between 18 and 79 years of age. The Adult Temperament Questionnaire was used to assess temperamental characteristics and perceived difficult temperament. Data were analyzed using a mixed-methods approach. The results revealed that the set of attributes perceived as constituting difficult temperament includes characteristics such as negative mood, intensity of emotional reactions, low adaptability, withdrawal, and low regularity. Quantitative data analysis uncovered an unexpected negative relationship between perceived difficult temperament and the rhythmicity characteristic, while a new category of stubbornness emerged in the qualitative data. The findings provide new knowledge about both the cultural specifics of difficult temperament and the content of the temperament construct in general. These results can also aid in the development of further research on difficult temperament, as well as in the planning of mental health interventions and psychological counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: eating habits are one of the main predictors of health within a person lifestyle. The assessment of these habits will be essential to confirm health-related habits and orientate behaviors of risk for health. Objectives: to assess the eating habits within the health-related lifestyle among Spanish adults from 22 to 72 years of age. Methods: the Health-Related Lifestyle Assessment Scale (E-VEVSA) was applied to a sample of 788 subjects between the ages of 22 and 72. This scale is made up of 52 items and structured in seven dimensions, among which the healthy eating habit was evaluated, which explained a variance of 8.67 % of the total scale (66.87 %) and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.794 for a total alpha of 0.894. Results: sixteen percent of the adults surveyed have healthy eating habits, 68.3 % tend towards health and 15.7 % are unhealthy. Pearson's χ2 tests show a positive and significant association of women with healthy eating habits and a significant improvement with age. The inferential data (Student's t-tests and one-factor ANOVA) confirm these differences according to gender and age. Conclusions: it is necessary to promote preventive programs to improve eating habits in the adult population, especially in the 15.7 % that have an unhealthy level of nutrition in their lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exposure to earthquakes can cause adverse effects on the mental health of survivors, including an increased risk of PTSD. Objective: This systematic review aims to analyse the previous secondary studies to identify the risk factors for PTSD from children to elderly earthquake survivors. In addition, it aims to consider the complexity of the joint effects of the individual, relational, and contextual risk factors, to also detect the most at-risk families. Method: After reviewing and screening studies from the literature search through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO under the guidance of PRISMA guidelines, ten eligible secondary studies were identified that examine the risk factors for PTSD in individuals (from children to elderly) affected by worldwide earthquakes. Results: The analysis of the included studies allowed the identification of a series of sociodemographic, pre-traumatic, peri-traumatic, and post-traumatic PTSD risk factors in children, adolescents, youth, adults, and elderly survivors. The results represent the complexity of the joint effects of these risk factors at individual, relational, and contextual levels. Conclusions: The consideration of the PTSD risk factors highlights the importance of individual characteristics and the type of experiences and exposure in the period before, during, and after the earthquake. This knowledge could allow the early identification of at-risk individuals of different ages and families and the implementation of intervention programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Introducción: La deficiencia de hormona de crecimiento (DHC) es una enfermedad endocrina caracterizada por una producción insuficiente de esta hormona por la glándula pituitaria. Las causas pueden ser congénitas o adquiridas. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sobre las causas, características clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento del déficit de hormona de crecimiento en el adulto. Métodos: Se realizo una revisión narrativa de la literatura sobre sobre las causas, características clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento del déficit de hormona de crecimiento en el adulto. Resultados: La hormona de crecimiento (HC) en la edad adulta está implicada en múltiples órganos y procesos fisiológicos; como metabolismo de sustratos, remodelación ósea, composición corporal, función física y psicosocial, su déficit tiene efectos a nivel de todos estos procesos, efectos que son potencialmente reversibles con la suplementación hormonal. Conclusiones: el déficit de hormona de crecimiento en la edad adulta es una enfermedad poco diagnosticada por lo cual muchas veces los pacientes no reciben el tratamiento indicado, pero cuyos efectos abarcan múltiples órganos y procesos fisiológicos, síntomas que pueden mejorar con la suplementación hormonal, proporcionando al paciente una mejor calidad de vida.

La diabetes tipo 2 se ha convertido en un grave problema de salud pública, el patrón de alimentación cobra un papel importante para la aparición de sobrepeso y obesidad, factores de riesgo para desarrollar diabetes, fenómeno poco explorado en adultos indígenas. Objetivo: Revisar la evidencia científica disponible sobre el patrón de alimentación y el riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 en adultos indígenas. Metodología: Revisión Sistemática, la búsqueda se realizó de marzo a agosto de 2023, en las bases de datos EBSCO, SciELO, Elsevier, Google académico, Science Direct, y PubMed. Se diseñó una estrategia de búsqueda con los MeSH y DeCS; riesgo, Diabetes Tipo 2, patrón de alimentación, indígenas y adultos, la lectura crítica se utilizó la lista de verificación de Joanna Briggs Institute. Resultados: Se incluyeron 13 estudios que abordaron las variables de interés en población indígena con edad entre 18 a 85 años, publicados en inglés (n = 12), la muestra osciló entre 103 y 89.185 participantes. En conjunto, se reveló que las personas indígenas con un patrón alimentario occidental, caracterizado por un alto consumo de carnes rojas y procesadas, bebidas alcohólicas, cereales refinados y bebidas azucaradas, tenían mayor riesgo de desarrollar DT2. Conclusiones: La evidencia es consistente, existe asociación entre el patrón de alimentación: consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados, altos en carbohidratos, grasas y sal con el riesgo de desarrollar Diabetes Tipo 2 en adultos indígenas, se requiere de intervenciones multidisciplinarias en salud encaminadas a mejorar la alimentación basada en dieta tradicional saludable de los grupos indígenas

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre diabetes mellitus y depresión crónica en adultos en la población peruana. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, de tipo observacional, de corte transversal y correlacional, a partir de los datos recogidos por la encuesta demográfica y de salud familiar del 2020 (Endes 2020). La muestra estuvo conformada por 14 245 adultos. La variable dependiente fue la depresión (con depresión/sin depresión); las variables independientes fueron diabetes mellitus (sí/no), índice de riqueza (los más pobres, pobre, medio, rico, más rico), educación (inicial-preescolar y primaria, secundaria, superior no universitaria, superior universitaria y posgrado), alcoholismo (sí/no) y área de residencia (urbano/rural). Para el análisis estadístico, se empleó el programa SPSS, versión 23, donde se realizó un análisis univariado de los datos mediante la determinación de las frecuencias y porcentajes. Posteriormente, en la fase analítica, se utilizó el análisis bivariado y multivariado por regresión logística para evaluar la fuerza de asociación entre las variables (p < 0,05). Resultados: El 15,7 % de adultos entre los 27 y 59 años presentaron depresión crónica; además, en el análisis bivariado se encontró asociación de la variable resultado y las covariables diabetes mellitus, nivel de educación e índice de riqueza (p < 0,05). La depresión es más frecuente en grupos socioeconómicos más bajos, con tasas más altas entre la población pobre (16,63 %) y menos educada, especialmente en aquellos con educación inicial-preescolar y primaria (18,88 %). En contraste, las clases ricas y más ricas muestran tasas menores de depresión (15,27 % y 12,04 %, respectivamente). Por otro lado, en el análisis multivariado se realizó la estimación del riesgo y se encontró que ser diabético aumentó el riesgo 1,66 veces más de padecer depresión en relación con los no diabéticos. Conclusiones: Existe asociación entre depresión crónica y diabetes mellitus en la población adulta de 27 a 59 años, además, el bajo índice de riqueza y tener menor grado de educación son factores de riesgo para el trastorno depresivo crónico.

El objetivo del artículo es discutir las contribuciones más relevantes de la última década en relación a la comprensión lectora en formato hipertexto, en población adulta sin dificultades de lectura y en su idioma materno. Algunos estudios plantean efectos negativos de la lectura en condiciones de hipertexto sobre la comprensión lectora. Otros estudios señalan la importancia de diferencias individuales cognitivas como variables moderadoras y mediadoras en estos efectos, entre ellas, el nivel de memoria de trabajo y el conocimiento previo del lector. Por otro lado, algunos estudios indican posibles variables externas moderadoras como el uso de soportes de navegación (uso de hipervínculos e instrucciones para facilitar la tarea de lectura y subrayados).

En tenistas profesionales se han observado valores inferiores de rango de movimiento de rotación interna (RDM-RI) del hombro y de la ratio de fuerza de rotación externa/interna (F-RE/F-RI) del brazo dominante (empuñadura raqueta) en comparación con el no dominante. Se considera que estas adaptaciones podrían incrementar el riesgo de lesión del hombro. Se conoce poco sobre estas adaptaciones en tenistas de nivel amateur. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar bilateralmente (brazo dominante [BD], frente a no dominante [BND]) el rango de movimiento (RDM) y la fuerza isométrica máxima (F) de los movimientos de rotación del hombro en tenistas amateurs. En trece tenistas amateurs (18-45 años) se midieron el RDM pasivo y la F de rotación interna (RI) y rotación externa (RE) partiendo de la posición: decúbito supino, 90° de abducción de hombro y 90° de flexión de codo. Se compararon los valores del BD y BND mediante T-test de muestras aparejadas. El BD presentó RDM-RI (t = –9.053; p < .001; d = –2.551) y RDM-total (t = –4.429; p < .001; d = –1.228) inferiores en comparación con el BND (ΔRDM-RI = 23.73 %; ΔRDM-total = 8.32 %). También se detectó más F-RI del BD frente al BND (t = 2.344, p = .037, d = .650, ΔF-RI = 9.67 %). Nuestros resultados indican la existencia de adaptaciones unilaterales del hombro, que en otras publicaciones se han expuesto como factores de riesgo de lesión. Contrariamente y a diferencia de las observaciones realizadas en tenistas profesionales en otros estudios, no se encontraron indicadores de riesgo de lesión relacionados con la F.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo proporcionar evidências de validade e fidedignidade da Escala de Gratidão (G-20) para a população de adultos brasileiros. Especificamente, verificar a estrutura do questionário através da análise fatorial confirmatória, explorar a consistência interna da escala e as validades de critério concorrente e convergente. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, correlacional com delineamento transversal. A amostra por conveniência está composta por 348 adultos entre 18 e 59 anos das cinco regiões brasileiras. Os instrumentos utilizados foram questionário de dados sociodemográficos, G-20, GQ-6, DASS-21, PANAS e P-DURELL. A escala total demonstrou confiabilidade satisfatória (α = 0,92 e Ω = 0,71) e em todas as dimensões do instrumento. Além disso, a análise do ajustamento dos dados para a estrutura de quatro fatores apontou valor aceitável para uma boa adequação do modelo (RMSEA = 0,068, CFI= 0,956 e TLI= 0,949) e a predominância das correlações entre os instrumentos utilizados no estudo mostrou-se significativas.