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Gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by acute pancreatitis (AP) exacerbates pancreatic injury and systemic inflammatory responses. The alleviation of gut microbiota dysbiosis through faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered a potential strategy to reduce tissue damage and inflammation in many clinical disorders. Here, we aim to investigate the effect of gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites on AP and further clarify the mechanisms associated with pancreatic damage and inflammation.AP rat and mouse models were established by administration of caerulein or sodium taurocholate in vivo. Pancreatic acinar cells were exposed to caerulein and lipopolysaccharide in vitro to simulate AP.Normobiotic FMT alleviated AP-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis and ameliorated the severity of AP, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage and inflammation. Normobiotic FMT induced higher levels of NADGut microbiota-derived NMN alleviates the severity of AP by activating the SIRT3-PRDX5 pathway. Normobiotic FMT could be served as a potential strategy for AP treatment.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) commonly occurs via the respiratory tract, and bovine nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelial cells are the primary infection cells in cattle. The aim of the present study was to isolate and culture epithelial cells from the bovine nasopharyngeal mucosa in vitro using a mechanical separation method. The cells were expanded, established in continuous cell culture, and used for immunofluorescence cytochemistry and establishment of infection models. We detected pan-cytokeratin markers of bovine nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelial cells by immunofluorescence. Bovine nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelial cells were then infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serum type O. RT-PCR demonstrated the successful establishment of acute FMDV infection in the cell models. This infection model provides the basis for clarification of the interaction between FMDV and host bovine nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelial cells in vitro.

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), an autosomal dominant disease, is caused by partial deficiency of ferrochelatase (FECH), which catalyzes the terminal step of heme biosynthesis because of loss-of-function mutations in the FECH gene. To date, only a few cases have been described in Asia. In this study, we describe the clinical features of two Chinese patients with EPP, with diagnosis confirmed by the increase of free protoporphyrin in erythrocytes, detection of plasma fluorescence peak at 630–634 nm, and analysis of FECH gene mutations. Using gene scanning, we identified a small deletion in the FECH gene (c.973 delA) in one proband (patient A) and a pathogenic FECH mutation (c.1232 G>T) in the other (patient B) and also observed some nucleotide variations (c.798 C>G, c.921 A>G, IVS1−23 C>T, IVS3+23 A>G, IVS9+35 C>T, and IVS3−48 T>C) in these patients. The family pedigree of patient A was then established by characterization of the genotype of the patient’s relatives. We also analyzed the potential perniciousness of the missense mutation with bioinformatic software, Polyphen and Sift. In summary, Chinese EPP patients have similar manifestations to those of Caucasians, and identification of the Chinese FECH gene mutations expands the FECH genotypic spectrum and may contribute to genetic counseling.

This paper reviewed a variety of methods of polymer surface modification, which mainly includes Solution processing method, Plasma treatment，Surface grafting method，Irradiation treatment and method of Atomic force microscopy probe shock , and the specific polymer material combined with the modification method and its modification mechanism was introduced in detail.Polymer has very extensive application both in chemical fields and in daily life, but due to its poor surface hydrophilicity and wear resistance, the further application of polymer materials were limited. In order to improve its surface properties, modification are needed on the surface of the polymer. Polymer surface modification means to operate on the surface of polymer within the scope of nanometer level, and give some new properties on material surface, such as hydrophilicity, scratch resistance, under the premise of without affecting the material ontic properties.There are many methods of polymer surface modification. This paper reviewed Solution processing method, Plasma treatment，Surface grafting method，Irradiation treatment and method of Atomic force microscopy probe shock . Different methods of modification combined with specific materials are introduced as follow.

Aim The expression of aromatase (via CYP19 and the CYP19 PII promoter) and the orphan nuclear receptor family members, liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1) and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) in cultured luteinized granulosa cells from women with endometriosis were investigated. Methods Luteinized granulosa cells from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (16 patients with endometriosis and 28 controls) were examined for messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of CYP19, CYP19 PII, LRH-1 and SF-1, determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Student's t-test, the Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation were used for statistical analysis. Results The number of high quality embryos in the endometriosis group was significantly lower than in the control group. The mRNA expression levels of CYP19, CYP19 PII, LRH-1 and SF-1 in granulosa-lutein cells were decreased in women with endometriosis compared to the control group. The simultaneous down-regulation expression of LRH-1, SF-1 and CYP19 PII in endometriotic granulosa cells indicated their positive correlation. Conclusion Our results demonstrate aberrant expressions of SF-1 and LRH-1 in endometriotic granulosa-lutein cells. This finding may be helpful in understanding infertility associated with endometriosis and reduced P450 aromatase activity in endometriotic granulosa cells.

Observed data regarding the visibility and aerosol chemical composition from May 2013 to May 2014 were used to analyze the variation of visibility, the relationship between aerosol chemical composition and visibility variations, and their contributions to atmospheric light extinction. An important effect of secondary inorganic salt extinction on the visibility impairment was determined. The present study suggests that the average visibility during the observation period was (6.78±3.68) km, and there was obvious seasonal variation in the visibility. Fine particles with size less than 2.1 μm have a great influence on visibility, with the main chemical components of SO

Sustained activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is closely related to diabetes and stroke. However, it is unknown whether NLRP3 inflammasome plays an essential role in stroke in diabetes. We aim to investigate the effect and the potential mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetic mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. A type 2 diabetic mouse model was induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic mice received MCC950 (the specific molecule NLRP3 inhibitor) or vehicle 60 minutes before the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and reperfusion. MCC950 reduced the neurological deficit score of 24 h after cerebral ischemia reperfusion and improved the 28-day survival rate of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic mice. Furthermore, we found that the mRNA transcription levels of NLRP3, IL-1β, and caspase-1 in the core ischemic area were remarkably amplified in diabetic mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, whereas this phenomenon was obviously attenuated by MCC950 pretreatment. In conclusion, the NLRP3 inflammasome was involved in the complex diseases of diabetic stroke. MCC950, the NLRP3 specific inhibitor, ameliorated diabetic mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and improved the 28-day survival rate during the recovery stage of ischemic stroke.

To investigate the polymorphisms in interleukin 17AA case-control study among 193 subjects, including 67 subjects in case group and 126 in control group was conducted. PCR-RFLP was applied to genotypeThe genotypes analysis showed that the proportions ofUnder the same dust concentration, the dust exposed workers carrying

To study the distribution of stress in a dam with rectangular section under water, the dam was simplified a rectangular structure with limited length. Based on the theory of mechanics of elasticity a stress function was deduced which was used to calculate the stress and displacement in any point of the dam. The results show that the normal stress along the length direction was not equal to zero, but the strain along the direction equal to zero.

Articles with engineering examples discussed in the frame - shear wall structure of how to lay out the structure can effectively enhance the seismic performance of validated reasonable set of structural shear wall seismic played a key role, and for the frame - shear wall structure summed up the points to improve the seismic performance measures and design methods.

Zhengzhou East Green high-speed rail block D6 site supporting of deep foundation pit engineering, double row pile composite retaining structure design and data analysis. Through specific examples of projects, based on the measured data shows that support form of the rationality and practicality.

This paper proposes a correlation analysis method based on fuzzy rules and artificial immune. Firstly, we adopt the alarms selection algorithm based on a sliding time window to improve the efficiency of selected alarm. Secondly, the analysis method based on fuzzy correlation rules is used to associate the known patterns static and rapidly. Then, using a method based on immune evolution to improve and adaptive the antibody so as to achieve the dynamic, intelligent correlation of unknown model. The experimental results in LLDOS1.0 and LLDOS2.0 show that the new method gets better accuracy than typical correlation methods, which can ensure the efficiency of correlation analysis and the adaptability of the correlation method.

Hypohelion is small genus with only three species. Based on recent collections on the twigs of Stephanandra incisa (Rosaceae) from Anhui Province, China, a new species of Hypohelion is described. The new species is similar to the type species Hypohelion scirpinum but differs in that it has a darkened basal layer of ascomata, smaller ascomata and ascospores. Analyses based on ITS and LSU nrDNA and mtSSU rDNA sequences confirm placement of the new species in Hypohelion. The phylogenetic results showed that Hypohelion was not closely related to Hypoderma species but related to Coccomyces species. Hypohelion durum is considered a synonym of Cryptomyces theae. A well-supported clade contains species that are morphologically accommodated in the genera Bifusella, Coccomyces, Cryptomyces, and Hypoderma, but not any type species of these genera. Generic placement of these species is maintained as long as a new system of Rhytismatales cannot be established.

With the development of scroll technology, the requirements of more efficient and more accurate processing method for scroll compressor parts become more urgent. This paper proposes a method to improve the machining effect of scroll compressor. The approach is based on 3-point arc approximation method which divides combined profile of scroll wrap into subparagraph arcs that can be interpolated on CNC System. This approach simplifies the programming process and improves the curve fitting effect. The results indicate that the fitting error is in the predetermined range, and the interpolation points of cutter center track are significantly less than those based on CAD/CAM software. The method presented in this paper is of significance to the NC machining of novel precise scroll profile.

A deep foundation pit is located in Zhengzhou city, is located in the Yellow River alluvial plain, excavation depth of 12.9 m, engineering site surrounding environment is complex, the soil for silt and silty clay layer, embedded depth of groundwater in the shallow. In the foundation pit supporting design, combining with the field information and physical and mechanical parameters of soil, the elastic foundation beam method considering interaction between supporting pile, anchor and soil and the deformation coordination, selection of CU cohesive force, internal friction Angle parameters of the experiment. "M" method is used to reflect the interaction of piles and soil, anchor cable using common pull type high pressure jet grouting anchor cable, anchor cable and the high pressure jet grouting anchor cable selection, increase the anchor stiffness, inhibit deformation. Through anchor stress, deep horizontal displacement of foundation pit monitoring process monitoring data, it is concluded that the rationality of the design of foundation and construction feasibility. Through engineering practice, under the premise that ensure the security of foundation pit side wall, has obtained the good economic benefits. Through the system summary and analysis for the pile anchor supporting system similar to the soil and surrounding environment in Zhengzhou region to provide experience for the design and application of reference.

Kerfless technology is a promising alternative for reducing cost and providing flexible thin crystals in silicon-based semiconductors. In this work we propose a protruded seed substrate technology to prepare flexible monocrystalline Si thin film economically. Grooved seed substrate is fabricated by using SiN x thin film as a mask for the wet-etching and thermal oxidation process. After the SiN x layer on the wedged strip is removed by hot phosphoric acid, the pre-defined structured substrate is achieved with the top of the strip serving as the seed site where there is no oxide layer. And a preferred growth of epitaxial Si on the substrate is performed by introducing an intermittent feed method for silicon source gas. The technique in this paper obviously enhances the mechanical stability of the seed structure and the growth behavior on the seed sites, compared with our previous techniques, so this technique promises to be used in the industrial fabrication of flexible Si-based devices.

Through artificial seawater simulation test this paper analyzed erosion mechanism of concrete corroded by the ions in seawater. High performance marine concrete was successful developed because of mineral admixture and corrosion-resistance additive double adding. The paper researched the durability of concrete containing freeze-thaw cycles and chloride ions diffusion. Modern testing technologies were used such as scanning electron microscopy and differential thermal analysis in the experiment. Research founded that the amount of unstable or metastable matter reduced such as calcium hydroxide and high alkaline calcium aluminates in the marine concrete. There were more compact hydration products created which made the structure stabler and denser. Those were the reasons that the marine concrete had excellent performances in terms of erosion-resistance and durability.

Dried Red mud slurry was ground to small powders. It was then mixed with waste glass and dolomite powders. The mixtures with different amounts of red mud and dolomite were pressed to form green bodies, which were foamed at high temperatures. To achieve a good foaming effect, the content of red mud is 35~45% in the batch and 10wt% of dolomite should be added as the foaming agent. It is found that the best foaming temperature is 1130°C, much higher than the decomposition temperature of the pure dolomite. The best obtained product has an apparent density, bending strength of 0.896g/cm3 and 9.7MPa, respectively. X-ray measurement results indicate that the red mud has reaction with the other raw materials used in the green body. The crystalline phase formed in the sample is augite. The present study provides a simple way to directly foam a mixture containing red mud to form useful glass-ceramics.

The size of bore diameter of hollow screw, to some extent, will affect the dual-drive feed system's static stiffness, and then affect the machining accuracy of the workpiece. This paper takes the dual-drive feed system as the research object and builds its finite element model. Use the model to make static analysis in Workbench. After that, we can get the relation between bore diameter of hollow screw and static deformation of the dual-drive system. The results demonstrate that: with the bore diameter of hollow screw increases, the maximum static deformation volume of the dual-drive system gradually becomes larger. This article suggests that the appropriate design size of the diameter should be 4~10 mm. Because the corresponding static deformation of the dual-drive system changes little in magnitude within this range. These advised parameters can provide certain principles for the improvements of a hollow screw shape and size and its parametric design.

In order to make a quantitative description for the running status of the scroll compressor, a fault diagnosis method of information entropy is proposed on the basis of the theory of entropy. This method is based on singular spectrum entropy in time domain, power spectrum entropy in frequency domain, wavelet power spectrum entropy and wavelet space feature spectrum entropy in time-frequency domain, which is used as the comprehensive appraisal index of quantitative feature for vibration status of scroll compressor. Under condition of invariable speed operation, the identification of natural frequency of is carried out. Meanwhile, the influence of the axial vibration of moving scroll, radial compliance mechanism and slight liquid slugging on the scroll compressor is analyzed quantitatively. Three forms of periodic cataclysm of moving scroll under variable speed operation and the variation of information entropy with rotational speed are disclosed.

In order to further study the impact crushing mechanism of cement clinker, the impact experiment has been carried out at different impact angles. Impact crushing curves, acoustic emission signal and peak impact force and impact fracture morphology have been systematically studied. It is shown that each impact crushing curve includes an inertia peak and an actual impact peak. AE signal directly reflects the crack initiation and propagation during the process of impact experiment. With the increase of impact angle, the average value of peak impact force decreases. The peak impact force value reaches the minimum at 75 °. The experiment results will offer a successful alternative to the low – energy grinding of cement clinker.

Combined with strain gauge measurement method, the modified split Hopkinson pressure bar was adopted to investigate the behavior of normal concrete and steel fiber reinforcement concrete exposed to 400°C and 800°C under axial impact compressive loading. The experimental results show that compared with normal temperature, the compressive strength and elasticity modulus of normal concrete exposed to 400°C and 800°C decrease obviously. The transformation of concrete exposed to high temperature in microstructure is analyzed by SEM. The influence of high temperature on macro mechanics performance is discussed.

Based on polycarboxylate chemistry, polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCs) with hydrophobic side chains were synthesized through radical copolymerization reaction. The molecular weight and polydispersity index were analyzed by gel permeation chromatograph (GPC), and the results showed the same structural information. The performances of PCs in cement paste were tested by measuring the fluidity and fluidity retention. The slump and the compressive strengths of concrete were also determined. Additionally, the foaming behavior of PCs was investigated by the foam volume, the surface tension of PCs aqueous solution,and the air content of concrete. According to the data, the hydrophobic side chains of PCs may affect the hydration reaction of cement resulting in better workability.

There existed a competitive adsorption of polycarboxylate (PC) molecular between cement particles and clay particles, and the amount of effective adsorption of PC on the cement particles was decreased. The clay particles carry a negative charge, so the Ca2+ that produced by the hydration of cement clinker minerals could be adsorbed. The positive charge density on the surface of cement particles was decreased. The amount of effective adsorption of PC on the cement particle surface was also decreased. The basic reason of the reduction of water-reducing rate of PC was the decreased of the amount of effective adsorption of PC on the cement particle surface.

Similar model experiment under confining pressure, research latticed shell lining the mechanical properties and the carrying capacity of new support for the underground engineering - network shell support, according to the model experiments and theoretical. Test results prove that the the latticed shell supporting structure has good mechanical properties and a high level of support is a reliable form of support. Can make up for the deficiencies of the existing soft rock roadway structure, calculated to provide a reliable basis for mesh shell lining theoretical analysis.

Combining with a mountain highway retaining wall earth pressure measured data, carried out a detailed study of the of multiple retaining wall back soil pressure distribution law, based on multi-level retaining wall measured horizontal earth pressure data mountainous retaining wallshorizontal earth pressure formula is derived, summed up the horizontal earth pressure with filling height variation.

We have reported the environmental and economic effects of VRLA recycling methods. The possible waste water, solid and gas produced in the recycling process are fully discussed. Through proper treatments, the wastes can be emitted according to corresponding standards. And careful disposal of VRLA results not only in less environmental pollutions, energy and mineral resources consumptions, but also in considerable economic profits.

A number of studies have evaluated the correlation between the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) T6235C polymorphism and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk, however, at present the results remain inconclusive. To provide a more robust investigation of this correlation, a meta-analysis was performed. In the present study, a systematic search of PubMed, Embase and CBM databases for studies published prior to June 6, 2012 was performed. The correlation between the CYP1A1 T6235C polymorphism and CAD risk was assessed by calculating pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Seven studies with a total of 2,903 cases and 2,304 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the CYP1A1 T6235C polymorphism was not correlated with CAD risk (C vs. T: OR=1.03; 95% CI, 0.87-1.22; P=0.728; CC vs. TT: OR=1.04; 95% CI, 0.84‑1.19; P=0.699; CC+TC vs. TT: OR=1.04; 95% CI, 0.93-1.18; P=0.478; CC vs. TC+TT: OR=1.04; 95% CI, 0.85‑1.28; P=0.704). A meta-analysis of five high-quality studies demonstrated that the CYP1A1 T6235C polymorphism is not correlated with risk of CAD in 4 genetic models. Ethnic subgroup analyses identified no significant correlation in Caucasian, Asian and African populations. The present meta-analysis study indicates that the CYP1A1 T6235C polymorphism is not correlated with CAD risk. Additional studies with a larger sample size and consistent design must be performed to confirm the present hypothesis.

It is reported that large quantities of valve regulated lead-acid batteries used in the substations shall be harmlessly treated, for lead plates, sulfuric acid and other compositions are direct hazard for the environment. Herein, we have carried out the investigation on the reconstruction and reuse of the used VRLA, battery reconditioning, influence of spent VRLA to the environment, storage condition obeying to environment of state grid and directed cycle model of recycling technologies.

Cable Anchor Supporting mechanism theory analysis, combined with high geostress, composite roof and complex geological conditions, the deep well under conditions of coal roadway by small aperture, anchor on the form of the structure and high prestressed construction technology, engineering practice shows that the technology is simple and applicability,is deep well solve the high stress soft rock tunnel, large sections into bifurcation point supports of the effective way of the problem. Not only reduces the support cost, reduce the workload of the Lane repair, and also greatly reduce the labor intensity of construction personnel, improve the reliability of the engineering safety. Accumulated experience, has broad application prospects for the deep well under the conditions of the other coal mine soft rock roadway

Different content of foaming agent in the lightweight aggregate concrete test, the apparent density and compressive strength of concrete assessment indicators. Studies have shown that, with the dosage increase, the variation of the apparent density of the concrete is first decreases and then increases when the content is 0.8kg/m3 dry apparent density minimum; as the foaming agent content continues to grow, dry apparent density continues to increase, but the magnitude of increase is less obvious. At this point, its 28 days compressive strength of only 0.7MPa, the wall strength of the material does not meet the insulation requirements. Taking into account the apparent density and strength of wall insulation materials, requirements, test data to determine the optimal dosage of the foaming agent should be 0.4 ~ 0.6kg, to determine the content of foaming agent in the lightweight aggregate concrete of the most good range.

Composite support structure of continuous arch internal support is a new type of maintenance structure of deep foundation. In this paper, as the cylindrical shell in the ring uniform load analytical solutions of elasticity a starting point, the design and calculations methods of composite support structure of continuous arch internal supporting are discussed. Engineering examples of composite support structure of continuous arch internal supporting in deep excavation engineering applications are analyzed and summarized. At the same time, the design parameters are provided for more engineering applications.

Based on the test of 7 reinforced concrete beam reinforcement test data comparison analysis shows that only the ordinary reinforced concrete beams with externally bonded CFRP, effectively improve the bearing capacity of members, but due to the lower tensile reserves and the upper compression reserve is relatively insufficient, make a component similar over-reinforced beam brittle failure, its ultimate bearing capacity was significantly lower than the upper part at the same time a laminated layer of the RC beam. Laminated paste CFRP composite reinforced RC beam damage characteristics and common reinforced concrete beam was no essential difference, but the laminated layer thickness reaches to a certain degree, the CFRP can also occur with sudden local cleavage fracture.

A fast, effective polar components detection device for quality evaluation of frying oil was designed. The theory of the device is based on a capacitance sensor which takes the frying oil sample as the media. A sine wave signal that generated by DDS signal generator to excite the capacitance sensor. Then the device exported a voltage value which associated with polar components of the frying oil through the signal conditioning circuit. The experimental data was compared with column chromatography, using MATLAB to solve the data fitting process, the result shows that the correlation coefficient is 0.9817, indicating that the frying oil quality detector method is simple, fast, non-destructive and no solvent.

A new Mn coordination polymer, [Mn(cbsglyH)(bipy) (H2O)] n ·nH2O (1) (cbsglyH3 = N-[(4-carboxyphenyl)-sulfonyl] glycine], bipy = 4,4′-dipyridyl), was prepared by aqueous reactions of Mn(II) acetate with cbsglyH3 in the presence of 4,4′-dipyridyl co-ligand. Its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and further characterized by elemental analyses and IR spectra. In 1, cbsglyH3 link the Mn(II) ions to form 2D layers that are held together through 4,4′-dipyridyl molecules in a double-pillar supporting fashion to give a 3D porous framework. Moreover, the magnetic properties of the title complex were investigated and are discussed in detail.

Turbulence mixing in T-junctions filled with porous metal materials is numerical investigated using Large-eddy simulation turbulence model. Three cases of porous metal materials, made of three sintered metal spheres with different thermal conductivities (387.6 W/m۟۬•K for copper, 202.4 W/m۟۬•K for aluminum and 16.3 W/m۟۬•K for steel), are predicted. Compared the results of three cases, a higher thermal conductivity can also contribute more greatly to heat transfer enhancement. In T-junctions filled with porous metal materials, thermal conductivity is weakened considerably by the turbulence mixing of hot and cold fluid. The temperature fluctuation are no obvious different.

In the present work the temperature fluctuations in a mixing tee were simulated on FLUENT platform using the large-eddy simulation (LES) turbulent flow model with three kinds of sub-grid scale (SGS) models such as Smagorinsky-Lilly (SL) model, Wall-adapted Local Eddy-viscosity (WALE) model, and Kinetic-energy transport (KET) model. The normalized mean and root mean square temperatures were predicted and analyzed with consideration of buoyancy. The numerical results showed that buoyancy greatly influences the mixing flow and the thermal striping phenomena were quite obvious. These three SGS models have somewhat similar accuracies for prediction of the temperature fluctuation and thermal stripping in a tee of mixing hot and cold fluids.

In order to study the compatibility between polycarboxyIn order to study the compatibility between polycarboxylates superplasticizer (PC) and different kinds of retarders, sodium citrate (SC), sodium gluconate (SG), sodium hexametaphosphate (SH) and sucrose (SU) were compounded with PC respectively in the same proportion. The liquid degree and its loss of cement paste, the setting time of cement, the blending strength and compressive strength of mortar that admixed with different kinds of retarders were measured, and the influence mechanism of the compatibility between different kinds of retarders and PC were analyzed. The experiment results showed that it was benefit to the liquid degree of cement paste after SG or SH or SU was compounded with PC; The setting time of cement could prolonged more by SH or SU; Blending and compressive strength of mortar in different ages were enhanced in large extent after SG were adopted; The strength of mortar was reduced in early age and enhanced in small extent in mid-later age after SU was compounded. Comprehensively considering to the influence of liquid degree, setting time and strength, the compatibility of SG with PC is higher than other kinds of retarders.

The velocity fields of turbulent flow in Tee junctions have been calculated using large-eddy simulations model for three cases of various inlet velocities with periodic porous media. The ratio of the inlet velocity of the main tube to that of the branch tube were respectively 0.5, 1 and 2 in three cases. In the porous medium region of the Tee junction, the velocity at the center is obvious larger than that at the top or the bottom and the pressure drop heightens rapidly. Comparison of the three cases, the pressure drop, mean velocity, normalized velocity fluctuation and the velocity oscillation versus time are increase as the inlet velocity of the main tube increase.