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Resume But de l’etude Faire une enquete de pratique sur la prise en charge des lesions obstetricales du sphincter anal (LOSA) et comparer les pratiques a court, moyen et long terme en fonction de la filiere de prise en charge. Patients et methodes Un questionnaire de 50 questions a ete adresse aux differents specialistes via les societes savantes nationales. Il etait demande uniquement aux praticiens prenant en charge des LOSA de repondre au questionnaire de pratiques. Resultats Sur les 135 professionnels de sante repondeurs, 57 etaient des specialistes de l’anus et du rectum (42,2 %) et 78 des specialistes de la naissance (57,8 %). En periode aigue, la prise en charge etait similaire selon les specialites et 50 % des praticiens ne suturaient pas les sphincters internes. Par ailleurs, peu de specialistes de la naissance recommandaient une consultation systematique avec un specialiste de l’anus et du rectum dans cette situation. A moyen terme, les specialistes de l’anus et du rectum exploraient plus, cliniquement ou par examens paracliniques, la symptomatologie digestive. Les examens n’aboutissaient toutefois pas systematiquement a une prise en charge en l’absence de consensus notamment sur la suture sphincterienne a moyen terme. Par ailleurs, 25 % des praticiens recommandaient la realisation d’une cesarienne de maniere systematique pour un nouvel accouchement apres LOSA. A long terme (> 12 mois), la prise en charge d’une LOSA etait significativement differente entre les specialites, mais aussi au sein d’une meme specialite. Conclusion Les differents specialistes devraient se coordonner pour proposer des recommandations multidisciplinaires sur la prise en charge des LOSA.

Resume Introduction Historiquement, une manœuvre de Bonney positive indique la necessite d’une prise en charge chirurgicale de l’incontinence urinaire d’effort. Cette manœuvre est regulierement utilisee dans la pratique quotidienne francaise sans preuve formelle de sa valeur predictive. Materiel Une recherche Medline a ete effectuee avec les termes « Bonney test » et « urinary incontinence » permettant d’inclure 10 articles pertinents dans cette revue. Resultats Huit travaux etudient le mecanisme de la manœuvre ou de ses derives, et evoquent une action continente par pression directe sur l’uretre ou par reduction de la mobilite uretrale. Deux etudes s’interessent a la reussite d’une prise en charge chirurgicale par bandelette sous-uretrale et rapportent une valeur predictive positive de la manœuvre de Bonney comprise entre 96,2 et 100 %. Conclusion D’autres etudes sont necessaires pour objectiver l’utilite de cette manœuvre.

International audience; ObjectivesTo provide clinical practice guidelines about fertility preservation (FP) for women with benign gynecologic disease (BGD) developed by a modified Delphi consensus process for oocyte vitrification in women with benign gynecologic disease.MethodsA steering committee composed of 14 healthcare professionals and a patient representative with lived experience of endometriosis identified 42 potential practices related to FP for BGD. Then 114 key stakeholders including various healthcare professionals (n = 108) and patient representatives (n = 6) were asked to participate in a modified Delphi process via two online survey rounds from February to September 2020 and a final meeting. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this final meeting to reach consensus was held as a videoconference in November 2020.ResultsSurvey response of stakeholders was 75 % (86/114) for round 1 and 87 % (75/86) for round 2. Consensus was reached for the recommendations for 28 items, that have been distributed into five general categories: (i) Information to provide to women of reproductive age with a BGD, (ii) Technical aspects of FP for BGD, (iii) Indications for FP in endometriosis, (iv) Indications for FP for non-endometriosis BGD, (v) Indications for FP after a fortuitous diagnosis of an idiopathic diminished ovarian reserve.ConclusionThese guidelines provide some practice advice to help health professionals better inform women about the possibilities of cryopreserving their oocytes prior to the management of a BGD that may affect their ovarian reserve and fertility.; ObjectifsÉlaborer des conseils de bonnes pratiques sous l’égide du CNGOF pour préserver la fertilité des femmes devant être prise en charge pour une pathologie gynécologique bénigne risquant d’altérer la fertilité.MéthodesUn comité de pilotage composé de 14 médecins et d’une représentante d’association de patientes a identifié dans un premier temps 42 propositions de conseils de bonne pratique, qui ont ensuite été soumis à l’expertise de 108 médecins experts Francophones provenant de différentes spécialités et de 6 représentantes d’association de patientes. Les 2 tours de Delphi ont été réalisés en ligne entre février et septembre 2020 avec une réunion finale de concertation en visioconférence en novembre 2020.RésultatsLe taux de participation a été de 75 % (86/114) au 1er tour et 87 % (75/86) au 2e tour. Au total, 28 conseils de bonnes pratiques ont été retenus par le panel d’experts après consensus Delphi et ont été réparties en 5 thématiques : (i) Information à donner aux femmes en âge de procréer devant être traitées pour une pathologie gynécologique bénigne, (ii) aspects techniques de la préservation de la fertilité pour les pathologies gynécologique bénignes, (iii) indications de préservation de la fertilité dans le cadre de l’endométriose, (iv) indications de préservation de la fertilité dans les pathologies gynécologiques bénignes hors endométriose, (v) indications de préservation de la fertilité en cas de découverte fortuite d’une diminution idiopathique de la réserve ovarienne.ConclusionCette étude Delphi a permis de dégager des conseils de bonne pratique afin d’aider les professionnels de santé à mieux informer les femmes sur les possibilités de préserver leurs ovocytes avant prise en charge d’une pathologie gynécologique risquant d’altérer leur fertilité.

Objective To assess the incidence of serious complications and reoperations for recurrence after surgery for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) and compare the three most common types of repair. Design Prospective cohort study using a registry. Setting Nineteen French surgical centres. Population A total of 2309 women participated between 2017 and 2019. Methods A multivariate analysis including an inverse probability of treatment weighting approach was used to obtain three comparable groups. Main outcome measures Serious complications and subsequent reoperations for POP recurrence. Results The median follow-up time was 17.6 months. Surgeries were native tissue vaginal repairs (n = 504), transvaginal mesh placements (n = 692) and laparoscopic sacropexies with mesh (n = 1113). Serious complications occurred among 52 women (2.3%), and reoperation for POP recurrence was required for 32 women (1.4%). At 1 year the cumulative weighted incidence of serious complications was 1.8% for native tissue vaginal repair, 3.9% for transvaginal mesh and 2.2% for sacropexy, and the rates for reoperation for recurrence of POP were 1.5, 0.7 and 1.1%, respectively. Compared with native tissue vaginal repair, the risk of serious complications was higher in the transvaginal mesh group (weighted hazard ratio, wHR 3.84, 95% CI 2.43-6.08) and the sacropexy group (wHR 2.48, 95% CI 1.45-4.23), whereas the risk of reoperation for prolapse recurrence was lower in both the transvaginal mesh (wHR 0.22, 95% CI 0.13-0.39) and sacropexy (wHR 0.29, 95% CI 0.18-0.47) groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that native tissue vaginal repairs have the lowest risk of serious complications but the highest risk of reoperation for recurrence. These results are useful for informing women and for shared decision making. Tweetable abstract Laparoscopic sacropexy had fewer serious complications than transvaginal mesh and fewer reoperations for recurrence than vaginal repair.

Summary Aim of the study To conduct a survey of current practice in the management of obstetrical anal sphincter injuries (OASI) and to compare short, medium and long-term practices according to the specialty of the surgeon. Patients and methods A 50-item questionnaire was addressed by mail to various specialists via the national learned societies. The questionnaire was addressed only to practitioners who currently managed OASI in their practice. Results Of the 135 healthcare professionals who responded, 57 were sub-specialists in ano-rectal surgery (42.2%) and 78 were obstetrical or gynecological specialists (OB-GYN) (57.8%). Management in the acute period after OASI was similar among the specialties and 50% of the practitioners did not perform suture repair of the internal sphincter. Furthermore, few gynecological specialists recommended systematic consultation with an ano-rectal specialist during acute management. In the medium term, ano-rectal specialists were more likely to explore gastro-intestinal symptoms, either clinically or through para-clinical studies. However, these studies did not systematically lead to interventional management in the absence of consensus, particularly for medium-term sphincter repair. In addition, 25% of practitioners recommended that patients undergo systematic delivery by caesarean section for further pregnancies after OASI. In the long term (> 12 months), there were substantial differences in management of OASI not only between specialties but also within the same specialty. Conclusion The various specialists should coordinate to propose multidisciplinary recommendations on the management of OASI.

International audience; Objective: 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) deficiency has been associated with sleep disorders in adults. Only three cross-sectional studies were performed in children and showed an association between 25OHD deficiency and both obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and primary snoring. No longitudinal study has been performed in children from the general population. We analyzed the association between cord-blood vitamin D level at birth and night-sleep duration trajectories for children between 2 and 5-6 years old in a non-clinical cohort.Method: We included 264 children from the French EDEN mother-child birth-cohort with both cord-blood 25OHD level determined by radio-immunoassay at birth, and night-sleep trajectories for children between 2 and 5-6 years old obtained by the group-based trajectory modeling method. Associations between 25OHD and sleep trajectories were assessed by multinomial logistic regression adjusted for maternal and child characteristics.Results: The trajectories short sleep (

International audience

Evaluate the impact of pelvic floor education on the symptoms of female patients referred for pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT).Forty female patients suffering from pelvic floor disorders and referred to independent practice for PFME between February and May 2019 answered a survey on symptoms and quality of life before PFME, after four sessions of pelvic floor education and at the end of PFME. The ICIQ-SF, USP, Contilife, PDFI 20, Kess, and Wexner scores were used to evaluate the results. The protocol consisted in four initial sessions of pelvic floor education including information on each field of perineology ; the fifth session was dedicated to visual feedback using a mirror ; the following five sessions were tailored according to the care objectives established based on the initial assessment.The scores were significantly improved after the four initial sessions of pelvic floor education. The improvement was significant at the end of the re-education program. The PFDI-20 score dropped from 66,9 to 20,9 (P=0,002), the ICIQ-SF score from 8,4 to 1,5 (P10The results showed that female patients undergoing perineal re-education including pelvic floor education sessions show a significant improvement in their symptoms already immediately after the pelvic floor education sessions.

To revise the organization and the methodology of the Practice Clinical Guidelines (PCG) of the French College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF).The different available methods of PCG organization and of scientific evidence grading have been consulted after searching in the Medline database.The PCG group of the CNGOF has decided to adopt the AGREE II (for Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch and Evaluation) methology for PCG organization and the GRADE (for Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) system for grading scientific evidence.By adopting the AGREE II consortium criteria and grading scientific evidence according to the GRADE system, the CNGOF will increase the quality of the overall process, will deliver more targeted and easy to assimilate recommendations, to facilitate professional decision making.

To provide up-to-date guidelines on management of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).An initial search of the Cochrane database, PubMed, and Embase was performed using keywords related to PID to identify reports in any language published between January 1990 and January 2012, with an update in 2018. All identified reports published in French and English relevant to the areas of focus were included. A level of evidence based on the quality of the data available was applied for each area of focus and used for the guidelines.PID must be suspected when spontaneous pelvic pain is associated with induced adnexal or uterine pain (grade B). Pelvic ultrasonography is necessary to exclude tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) (grade C). Microbiological diagnosis requires endocervical and TOA sampling for molecular and bacteriological analysis (grade B). First-line treatment for uncomplicated PID combines ceftriaxone 1g, once, by intra-muscular (IM) or intra-venous (IV) route, doxycycline 100mg×2/d, and metronidazole 500mg×2/d oral (PO) for 10 days (grade A). First-line treatment for complicated PID combines IV ceftriaxone 1 to 2g/d until clinical improvement, doxycycline 100mg×2/d, IV or PO, and metronidazole 500mg×3/d, IV or PO for 14days (grade B). Drainage of TOA is indicated if the collection measures more than 3cm (grade B). Follow-up is required in women with sexually transmitted infections (STI) (grade C). The use of condoms is recommended (grade B). Vaginal sampling for microbiological diagnosis is recommended 3 to 6months after PID (grade C), before the insertion of an intra-uterine device (grade B), before elective termination of pregnancy or hysterosalpingography. Targeted antibiotics on identified bacteria are better than systematic antibioprophylaxis in those conditions.Current management of PID requires easily reproducible investigations and antibiotics adapted to STI and vaginal microbiota.

The main endpoint was to perform a survey about the practices of episiotomy into a CNGOF (National College of French Obstetricians and Gynecologists) members population.In November 2018, it was proceeded to a national survey from CNGOF members thanks to an online questionnaire. We collected prospectively: the answerer's characteristics, the rate of episiotomy and its systematics indications for spontaneous and operative delivery, the habits of the practitioners for the section and the reparation, the modalities of women's information and the data entered into the medical record.Three hundred and eighty nine CNGOF members answered to the survey. They were 69% to declare performing less than 10% of episiotomy in case of spontaneous vertex delivery. The most frequent systematic indication of episiotomy was the personal history of obstetric anal sphincter injury (more than 30% of answerers). Systematic episiotomy was less frequent in case of vacuum assisted operative delivery compared to forceps (OR=0.18 [0.08-0.37]) or spatulas (OR=0.28 [0.12-0.59]). Most of practitioners (94%) declared performing mediolateral episiotomies, 64% declared cutting with an equal or more than 45° angle and 50% declared using a resorbable continuous suture technique for the reparation. Half of the answerers (46%) indicated that they inform et collected women's consent before performing an episiotomy.Several practices, women's information, section angle and the reparation technique are subject to change by the latest 2018 CNGOF guidelines about perineal protection.

International audience; Objective. Sleep duration may vary inter-individually and intra-individually over time. We aimed at both identifying night-sleep duration (NSD) trajectories among preschoolers and studying associated factors. Methods. NSD were collected within the French birth-cohort study EDEN at ages 2, 3 and 5-6 years through parental questionnaires, and were used to model NSD trajectories among 1205 children. Familial socioeconomic factors, maternal sociodemographic, health and lifestyle characteristics as well as child health, lifestyle, and sleep characteristics at birth and/or at age 2 years were investigated in association with NSD using multinomial logistic regressions. Results. Five distinct NSD trajectories were identified: short (SS

The aim of this work was to issue clinical practice guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis in urodynamics (urodynamic studies, UDS).Clinical practice guidelines were provided using a formal consensus method. Guidelines proposals were drew up by a multidisciplinary experts group (pilot group = steering group), then rated by a panel of 12 experts (rating group) using a formal consensus method, and then peer reviewed by a reviewing/reading group of experts (different from the rating group).Urine (bacterial) culture with antimicrobial susceptibility testing is recommended for all patients before UDS (strong agreement). In patients with no neurologic disease, the risk factors for tract urinary infection (UTI) after UDS are age70 years, recurrent UTI, and post-void residual volume100ml. In patients with neurologic disease, the risk factors for UTI after UDS are recurrent UTI, vesicoureteral reflux, and intermicturition pressure40cmHThese new guidelines should help to harmonize clinical practice and limit exposure to antibiotics.4.

First-line diagnostic investigations for endometriosis are physical examination and pelvic ultrasound. The second-line investigations are: targeted pelvic examination performed by an expert clinician, transvaginal ultrasound performed by an expert physician sonographer (radiologist or gynaecologist), and pelvic MRI. Management of endometriosis is recommended when the disease has a functional impact. Recommended first-line hormonal therapies for the management of endometriosis-related pain are combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) or the 52mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (IUS). There is no evidence base on which to recommend systematic preoperative hormonal therapy solely to prevent surgical complications or facilitate surgery. After surgery for endometriosis, a CHC or 52mg levonorgestrel-releasing IUS is recommended as first-line treatment when pregnancy is not desired. In the event of failure of the initial treatment, recurrence, or multiorgan involvement, a multidisciplinary team meeting is recommended, involving physicians, surgeons and other professionals. A laparoscopic approach is recommended for surgical treatment of endometriosis. HRT can be offered to postmenopausal women who have undergone surgical treatment for endometriosis. Antigonadotrophic hormonal therapy is not recommended for patients with endometriosis and infertility to increase the chances of spontaneous pregnancy, including postoperatively. Fertility preservation options must be discussed with patients undergoing surgery for ovarian endometriomas.

Historically a positive Bonney maneuver indicates the need for surgical management of stress urinary incontinence. This maneuver is regularly used in French daily practice without formal proof of its predictive value.A Medline search was performed with the terms "Bonney test" and "urinary incontinence" to include 10 relevant articles in this review.Eight articles study the mechanism of the maneuver or its derivatives, evoking a direct pressure on the urethra. Two studies are interested in the real predictivity of the maneuvers on the success of surgical treatment by urethral strip, reporting a positive predictive value of the Bonney maneuver between 96.2 and 100%.Further studies are needed to objectify the utility of this maneuver.

The evaluation of genital prolapse is essentially clinical; however imaging tests such as dynamic MRI or urodynamic explorations may be useful in complex cases, especially before surgical management. Dynamic MRI allows morphological and dynamic analysis of pelvic floor and levator ani function. It can also detect post-obstetric injuries, although the long-term significance of these injuries remains to be discovered. Quantification of the severity of prolapse is possible with MRI; however, the correlation of these measures with clinical examination seems poor. Its interest lies mainly in the qualitative assessment of the three stages of prolapse and the detection of elytroceles, which can be difficult to clinical examination. Urodynamics provides useful information on vesico-sphincteric function, but none of these parameters seems to be decisive in the management of prolapse.

First-line investigations to diagnose endometriosis are clinical examination and pelvic ultrasound. Second-line investigations include pelvic examination performed by a referent clinician, transvaginal ultrasound performed by a referent echographist, and pelvic MRI. It is recommended to treat endometriosis when it is symptomatic. First-line hormonal treatments recommended for the management of painful endometriosis are combined with hormonal contraceptives or levonorgestrel 52mg IUD. There is no evidence to recommend systematic preoperative hormonal therapy for the unique purpose of preventing the risk of surgical complications or facilitating surgery. After endometriosis surgery, combined hormonal contraceptives or levonorgestrel SIU 52mg are recommended as first-line therapy in the absence of desire of pregnancy. In case of initial treatment failure, recurrence, or multiple organ involvement by endometriosis, medico-surgical and multidisciplinary discussion is recommended. The laparoscopic approach is recommended for the surgical treatment of endometriosis. HRT may be offered in postmenopausal women operated for endometriosis. In case of infertility related to endometriosis, it is not recommended to prescribe anti-gonadotropic hormone therapy to increase the rate of spontaneous pregnancy, including postoperatively. The possibilities of fertility preservation should be discussed with the patient in case of surgery for ovarian endometrioma.

Minimal and mild endometriosis (stage 1 and 2 AFSR) can lead to chronic pelvic pain and infertility but can also exist in asymptomatic patients. The prevalence of asymptomatic patients with minimal and mild endometriosis is not clear but typical endometriosis lesions are found in about 5 to 10% of asymptomatic women and more than 50% of painful and/or infertile women. Laparoscopic treatment of minimal and mild endometriotic lesions is justified in case of pelvic pain because their destruction decrease significatively the pain compared with diagnostic laparoscopy alone. In this context, ablation and excision give identical results in terms of pain reduction. Moreover, literature shows no interest in uterine nerve ablation in case of dysmenorrhea due to minimal and mild endometriosis. Then, it is recommended to treat these lesions during a laparoscopy realised as part of pelvic pain. On the other hand, it is not recommended to treat asymptomatic patients. With regard to treatment of minimal and mild endometriosis in infertile patients, only two studies can be selected and both show that laparoscopy with excision or ablation and ablation of adhesions is superior to diagnostic laparoscopy alone in terms of pregnancy rate. However, it is not recommended to treat these lesions when they are asymptomatic because there is no evidence that they can progress with symptomatic disease. There is no study assessing the interest to treat these lesions when they are found fortuitously. Adhesion barrier utilisation permits to reduce post-operative adhesions, however literature failed to demonstrate the clinical profit in terms of reduction of the risk of pain or infertility.

To provide clinical practice guidelines for the management of painful endometriosis in women without infertility.Systematic review of the literature literature since 2006, level of evidence rating, external proofreading and grading of the recommendation grade by an expert group according to HAS methodology.Combined hormonal contraceptives (COP) and the levonorgestrel-releasing intra-uterin system (LNG-IUS) are recommended as first-line hormonal therapies for the treatment of painful endometriosis (grade B). Second-line therapy relies on oral desogestrel microprogestative, etonogestrel-releasing implant, GnRH analogs (GnRHa) and dienogest (grade C). It is recommended to use add-back therapy containing estrogen in association with GnRHa (grade B). After endometriosis surgery, hormonal treatment relying on COP or LNG-IUS is recommended to prevent pain recurrence (grade B). COP is recommended to reduce the risk of endometrioma recurrence after surgery (grade B) but the prescription of GnRHa is not recommended (grade C). Continuous COP is recommended in case of dysmenorrhea (grade B). GnRHa is not recommended as first line endometriosis treatment for adolescent girl because of the risk of bone demineralization (grade B). The management of endometriosis-induced chronic pain requires an interdisciplinary evaluation. Physical therapies improving the quality of life such as yoga, relaxation or osteopathy can be proposed (expert agreement). Promising medical alternatives are currently under preclinical and clinical evaluation.

The management of endometriosis related infertility requires a global approach. In this context, the prescription of an anti-gonadotropic hormonal treatment does not increase the rate of non-ART (assisted reproductive technologies) pregnancies and it is not recommended. In case of endometriosis related infertility, the results of IVF management in terms of pregnancy and birth rates are not negatively affected by the existence of endometriosis. Controlled ovarian stimulation during IVF does not increase the risk of endometriosis associated symptoms worsening, nor accelerate the intrinsic progression of endometriosis and does not increase the rate of recurrence. However, in the context of IVF management for women with endometriosis, pre-treatment with GnRH agonist or with oestrogen/progestin contraception improve IVF outcomes. There is currently no evidence of a positive or negative effect of endometriosis surgery on IVF outcomes. Information on the possibilities of preserving fertility should be considered, especially before surgery.

Our main objectives were to identify risk factors, methods for early diagnosis, and prevention of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIs), using a literature review. The main risk factors for OASIs are nulliparity, instrumental delivery, posterior presentation, median episiotomy, prolonged second phase of labor and fetal macrosomia. Asian origin, short ano-vulvar distance, ligamentous hyperlaxity, lack of expulsion control, non-visualization of the perineum or maneuvers for shoulder dystocia also appear to be risk factors. There is a risk of under-diagnosis of OASIs in the labor ward. Experience of the accoucheur is a protective factor. Secondary prevention is based on the training of birth professionals in recognition and repair of OASIs. Primary prevention of OASIs is based on training in the maneuvers of the second phase of labor; if possible, instrumental extractions should be avoided. Mediolateral episiotomy may have a preventive role in high-risk OASIs deliveries. A robust predictive model is still lacking to allow a selective use of episiotomy.

International audience; AIMS:The Female Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (FPFQ) is a self-administered tool on pelvic floor function. Our aim was to carry out a cultural adaptation of the FPFQ into French and to assess its psychometric properties.METHODS:After cross-cultural adaptation into French, acceptability and reliability of the questionnaire were assessed through a sample of 56 women in a test-retest. Discriminative construct validity was evaluated by comparing the results obtained by the FPFQ to those of other validated questionnaires. Longitudinal follow-up of the 282 pregnant women included in the PreNatal Pelvic floor Prevention trial (3PN) was used to analyze responsiveness.RESULTS:The proportion of missing data did not exceed 4 % for questions about bladder function, bowel function and pelvic organ prolapse; 10 % for issues related to sexual function. Question 9 was considered difficult to understand by 14 % of women. After rewriting, this issue was retested in a new sample of 52 women and presented no further problems. The intra-class correlation coefficient was greater than or equal to 0.7 for all domains during the test-retest. The FPFQ was strongly and significantly correlated (Spearman r>0.5) with the other validated questionnaires. The French version of FPFQ recorded changes in urinary and sexual symptoms for the women involved in 3PN trial with a standardized response mean equal to 0.83 and 0.44, respectively.CONCLUSION:The French version of the FPFQ is self-administered, reliable, valid, and can detect a change in symptoms during follow-up.LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Level 4.

Objective The aim was to study, with a developmental approach, the longitudinal association between night-waking from age 2 to 5–6 years and behavior at age 5–6 years. Methods Within the French birth cohort study Etude sur les Determinants pre et post natals du developpement et de la sante de l'ENfant (EDEN), repeated measures of children's night-waking were collected at age 2, 3 and 5–6 through parental questionnaires and were used to model night-waking trajectories. Behavior was assessed with the “Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire,” which provides five subscales measuring a child's conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer relation problems, antisocial behavior, and hyperactivity/attention problems. The behavioral subscales were dichotomized at the tenth percentile. Multivariable logistic regressions, adjusted for parents' socio-economic factors, parental characteristics, and children's characteristics and sleep habits allowed us to study, in 1143 children, the association between night-waking trajectories from 2 to 5–6 years and behavior at age 5–6 years. Results The “2 to 5–6 rare night-waking” trajectory represented 78% of the included population (n = 896), and the “2 to 5–6 common night-waking” 22% (n = 247%). Children belonging to the “2 to 5–6 common night-waking trajectory” had, at age 5–6, increased risk of presenting emotional symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.27–3.70, p = 0.004), conduct problems (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.00–2.65, p = 0.050), and hyperactivity/attention problems (OR = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.00–2.57, p = 0.049). After adjusting for baseline behavior at age two years, only the association with emotional symptoms remained significant (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.15–3.55, p = 0.015). Results did not differ according to sex. Conclusion Results suggest that the persistence of night-waking difficulties in early years is positively associated with emotional symptoms, hyperactivity/inattention, and conduct problems.

Providing clinical practice guidelines for first surgical treatment of female pelvic organ prolapse.Systematic literature review, level of evidence rating, external proofreading, and grading of recommendations by 5 French academic societies: Association française d'urologie, Collège national des gynécologues et obstétriciens français, Société interdisciplinaire d'urodynamique et de pelvi-périnéologie, Société nationale française de coloproctologie, and Société de chirurgie gynécologique et pelvienne.It is useful to evaluate symptoms, their impact, women's expectations, and to describe the prolapse prior to surgery (Grade C). In the absence of any spontaneous or occult urinary sign, there is no reason to perform urodynamics (Grade C). When a sacrocolpopexy is indicated, laparoscopy is recommended (Grade B). A bowel preparation before vaginal (Grade B) or abdominal surgery (Grade C) is not recommended. There is no argument to systematically use a rectovaginal mesh to prevent rectocele (Grade C). The use of a vesicovaginal mesh by vaginal route should be discussed taking into account an uncertain long-term risk-benefit ratio (Grade B). Levator myorrhaphy is not recommended as a first-line rectocele treatment (Grade C). There is no indication for a vaginal mesh as a first-line rectocele treatment (Grade C). There is no reason to systematically perform a hysterectomy during prolapse repair (Grade C). It is possible to not treat stress incontinence at the time of prolapse repair, if the woman is advised of the possibility of a 2-step surgical treatment (Grade C). Clinical practice guidelines. © 2016 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Prevalence of menometrorrhagias is about 11.4% to 13.2% and increase with years. Menorrhagias are defined by a menstrual blood loss exceeding 80 ml during one menstrual cycle and can be assessed using a pictorial blood loss assessment chart. Etiologies of menometrorrhagias are numerous. The most common cause of menometrorrhagias under 40 years of age is uterine myomas while patients above 40 years of age have more often endometrial polyps. Numerous systemic etiologies can lead to menometrorrhagias and had to be evoked before diagnosing idiopathic heavy menstrual bleeding.

Journal de Gynecologie Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction - Vol. 36 - N° 2 - p. 113-118

Conversely to breast cancer, few data and guidelines are available to explore and manage benign breast disorders. Therefore, the Collège national des gynécologues et obstétriciens français (CNGOF - French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians) decided to establish clinical practice guidelines for benign breast tumour (BBT). CNGOF appointed a committee with responsibility for selecting experts, compiling questions and summarizing the recommendations. The summary of valid scientific data for each question analyzed by the experts included a level of evidence, based on the quality of the data available and defined accordingly rating scheme developed by the Haute Autorité de santé (French National Authority for Health).

Breast sonography is required with mammogram to explore clinical breast mass (grade B), colored unipore breast nipple discharge (grade C), or mastitis (grade C). Bi-RADS system is recommended to describe and classify breast-imaging abnormalities. For breast abscess, a percutaneous biopsy is recommended in case of mass or persistent symptoms (grade C). For mastodynia, when breast imaging is normal, no MRI neither breast biopsy is recommended (grade C). Percutaneous biopsy is recommended for BI-RADS 4-5 mass (grade B). For persistent erythematous breast nipple or atypical eczema lesion, a nipple biopsy is recommended (grade C). For distortion and asymmetry, a vacuum core needle biopsy is recommended because of the risk of underestimation by simple core needle biopsy (grade C). For BI-RADS 4-5 microcalcifications without ultrasound signal, a vacuum core needle biopsy of at least 11 gauges is recommended (grade B); in the absence of microcalcifications on radiograph carrots, additional samples are recommended (grade B). For atypical ductal hyperplasia, atypical lobular hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ, flat epithelial with atypia, radial scar, mucocele with atypia, surgical excision is commonly recommended (grade C). Expectant management is feasible after multidisciplinary concertation. For these lesions, when excision is not in sano, no new excision is recommended except for pleomorphic or with necrosis CLIS (grade C). For grade 1 phyllode tumour, in sano surgical resection is recommended; for grade 2 phyllode, 10-mm margins are recommended (grade C). For breast papillary without atypia, complete disappearance of the radiologic signal is recommended (grade C). For breast papillary with atypia, complete surgical excision is recommended (grade C).

Resume Depuis les debuts de l’enseignement de l’Obstetrique, l’accouchement est considere comme la cause principale des troubles de la statique pelvienne. Les travaux epidemiologiques confirment generalement la prevalence plus importante de l’incontinence urinaire ou fecale apres un accouchement. L’analyse des donnees disponibles amene aux observations suivantes. L’incontinence urinaire par imperiosite n’est pas associee au nombre de grossesses ou au mode d’accouchement. A âge egal, l’incontinence urinaire d’effort est plus frequente chez les femmes accouchees par cesarienne que chez les femmes sans enfants. A âge egal et parite egale, l’incontinence urinaire d’effort est plus frequente chez les femmes accouchees par voie basse que chez celles accouchees par cesarienne. Cependant cette difference disparait avec l’âge, alors que l’incontinence urinaire d’effort apparue en cours de grossesse reste un facteur de risque 15 ans plus tard. Le seul essai randomise disponible monte une prevalence superieure de l’incontinence urinaire d’effort dans le groupe voie basse a 3 mois de l’accouchement, mais cette difference disparait a 2 ans. L’incontinence fecale est plus frequente apres un accouchement surtout s’il est complique d’un forceps ou d’un perinee complet. Cependant a distance de l’accouchement la prevalence de l’incontinence fecale est similaire que l’accouchement ait ete spontane, par forceps ou par cesarienne. Il existe donc un impact certain du mode d’accouchement sur la continence. Cependant, a distance de l’accouchement, l’influence de la grossesse et de l’accouchement s’amenuisent ; soit il existe un processus de reparation, soit la part des autres facteurs de risques (l’âge, la qualite des tissus) deviennent preponderante. Le benefice sur la continence que pourrait apporter une cesarienne programmee n’est pas demontre.

To evaluate the quality of sexual activity after a transobturator tape procedure for urinary incontinence and to examine the global satisfaction reported by patients.This is a bicentric retrospective study, postoperative questionnaires were sent to 247 women operated for urinary incontinence by TOT/TVT-O surgery, after 1 year, prolaps were excluded. Patients' overall improvement was assessed using the French version of Patient Global Impression and Improvement (PGI-I), urinary symptoms were assessed with the use of ICIQ-Fluts and quality of sexual function using Lemack and Zimmern questionnaire and ICIQ-Fluts-Sex. A logistic regression analysis was run to analyse the factors associated with women overall improvement.One hundred and sixty-five patients answered the questionnaire (66.8%). Average age was 55 (±11), and the average postoperative period was 39 months (±17.9). After surgery, according to the135 women (81.8%) found an overall improvement, 22 (13.4%) found their condition unchanged and 8 (4.8%) women found it worse. Among the 165 women, 118 were sexually active, 37 (31.4%) reported improvement in intercourse satisfaction whereas 11 (9.3%) complained about sexual function deterioration and 70 (59.3%) felt unchanged. The 37 women who reported sexual improvement described decreased coital incontinence in 54% of the cases. Eleven women who felt sexually worse, reported dyspareunia. Results of the logistic regression analysis suggested that overall improvement after surgery depended not only on the incontinence score (OR 0.83) but also on the quality of the postoperative sexual activity (OR 12.96).One third of the women reported improvement of their sexuality after transobturator tape procedure. In fact, global satisfaction after surgery was as related to the improvement of urinary symptoms as it was to the quality of the sexual activity.5.

Resume Objectif Determiner les indications et contre-indications de la chirurgie prothetique du prolapsus par voie vaginale. Patientes et methode Revue de la litterature et cotation de propositions selon une methode inspiree des recommandations par consensus formalise. Resultats Avant une intervention chirurgicale pour prolapsus genital, la patiente doit etre informee des differentes techniques existantes (chirurgie abdominale et vaginale, avec et sans prothese), des raisons pour lesquelles le chirurgien lui propose la mise en place d’une prothese synthetique et egalement des autres traitements non chirurgicaux du prolapsus (reeducation et pessaire). L’intervention doit etre precedee d’une evaluation des symptomes pelviens, urinaires, digestifs et sexuels, ainsi que de la gene occasionnee. Pour le traitement chirurgical de la cystocele par voie vaginale, l’utilisation d’une prothese inter-vesico-vaginale n’est pas justifiee de maniere systematique. Elle doit etre discutee au cas par cas compte tenu du rapport benefice/risque incertain sur le long terme. Chez les patientes ayant une cystocele recidivee, la mise en place d’une prothese inter-vesico-vaginale est une option raisonnable pour reduire le risque de nouvelle recidive. En dehors de quelques situations particulieres (rectocele recidivee), la mise en place par voie vaginale d’une prothese inter-recto-vaginale n’est pas justifiee en premiere intention. En cas de prolapsus isole de l’etage moyen, la fixation du fond vaginal ou de l’uterus par l’intermediaire de bras prothetiques synthetiques par voie vaginale n’est pas justifiee en premiere intention. Conclusion Le chirurgien devra mettre en œuvre les mesures preventives etablies qui permettent de diminuer le risque de complication.

Cystocele is a frequent and invalidating type of genital prolapse in woman. Sacropexy using synthetic mesh is considered the surgical gold standard, and the laparoscopic approach has supplanted the open abdominal route because it offers the same anatomical results with a lower morbidity. The use of mesh through the vaginal route may have many advantages: easiness to perform, shorter operative time and recovery, but may increase morbidity. In France, both laparoscopic sacropexy and vaginal mesh are commonly used to treat cystoceles. The French Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) has highlighted the lack of evaluation of safety assessment for vaginal meshes.The main objective of the study is to compare the morbidity of laparoscopic sacropexy with vaginal mesh for cystocele repair. The primary endpoint will be the rate of surgical complications greater or equal to grade 2 of the Clavien-Dindo classification at 1-year follow-up. The secondary aims are to compare the functional results in the medium term (sexuality, urinary and bowel symptoms, pain), the impact on quality of life as well as anatomical results. PROSPERE is a randomized controlled trial conducted in 12 participating French hospitals. 262 patients, aged 45 to 75years old, with cystocele greater or equal to stage 2 of the POP-Q classification (isolated or not) will be included. Exclusion criterias are a previous surgical POP repair, and inability or contra-indication to one or the other technique. We have designed this study to answer the question of the choice between laparoscopic sacropexy and vaginal mesh for the treatment of cystocele. The PROSPERE trial aims to help better determine the indications for one or the other of these techniques, which are currently based on subjective choices or school attitudes. This is the reason why competent authorities have asked for such studies.

To provide a critical review of the currently available guidelines on female urinary incontinence diagnosis and treatment.Through a review of Medline, we identified the guidelines produced by five associations: French Urological Association (AFU), French National College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians (CNGOF), American Urological Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EAU) and International Urogynecological Association (IUGA). These guidelines were evaluated by the instrument provided by the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation. Then, the diagnosis and treatment recommendations were compared.The quality of guidelines were variable. Three of them (CNGOF, AFU, EAU) yielded to a score of more than 70. The rigor of development was not always optimal with a dilemma between evidence based medicine and the practice of experts. The best guidelines based on excellent meta-analysis failed to consider the recent modifications of management.We found many differences in the quality of available guidelines.