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Coal mine wire rope detection is related to personnel and production safety. With the Chinese coal mining trend tending towards deep mining, a considerable amount of data is critical for the online detection of deep well lifting wire rope. To improve the sampling rate, decrease the analysis processing time and realise real-time online detection, this paper proposes an online detection data compression processing method. The study focuses on the distortion compression method for the online detection signal of deep well hoisting wire rope. The set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) algorithm is one of the most advanced methods in the field of image transformation coding. Compared with other coding algorithms, the SPIHT algorithm demonstrates desired characteristics such as a high signal-to-noise ratio, lower complexity and decreased computational load, among others. This paper discusses how, in combination with the image processing method, a compression coding method for the one-dimensional signal of the magnetic leakage detection of the mining wire rope is developed. Furthermore, the set partitioning sorting algorithm is investigated and analysed, the temporal orientation tree structure of the one-dimensional signal of the wavelet coefficient is defined for wire rope magnetic leakage detection and the SPIHT algorithm is presented, in addition to an example of the one-dimensional signal from the magnetic leakage detection of the wire rope. The results reveal that under the condition of the normalised mean square error (NMSE; NMSE < 0.01) of distortion, the compression ratio improved by 30%. The online detection signal lossy compression method proposed in this study has a considerable influence on the recovery of the original signal, in addition to a higher compression ratio and a reduced computation time, compared to the existing method.

Background With the aim of addressing the difficulty in identifying temperatures in virtual chemistry experiments, we propose a temperature-sensing simulation method of virtual chemistry experiments. Methods We construct a virtual chemistry experiment temperature simulation platform, based on which a wearable temperature generation device is developed. The typical middle school virtual experiments of concentrated sulfuric acid dilution and ammonium nitrate dissolution are conducted to verify the actual effect of the device. Results The platform is capable to indicate near real-world experimental situations. The performance of the device not only meets the temperature sensing characteristics of human skin, but also matches the temperature change of virtual chemistry experiments in real-time. Conclusions It is demonstrated that this temperature-sensing simulation method can represent exothermic or endothermic chemistry experiments, which is beneficial for students to gain understanding of the principles of thermal energy transformation in chemical reactions, thus avoiding the danger that may be posed in the course of traditional teaching of chemistry experiments effectively. Although this methoddoes not have a convenient enough operation for users, the immersion of virtual chemical experiments can be enhanced.

As an important method for humans to perceive their environment, touch has not been fully integrated into virtual reality technology. Existing tactile feedback devices have the problem of being large and expensive, and most studies have not explored the ability of the affected area to distinguish an external stimulus, thus it is difficult to perform natural human-computer interactions. This article describes the development of a device that can transmit multimodal tactile information in accordance with the characteristics of human hand skin perception during a human-computer interaction. The device has 10 miniature vibrators ( $\Phi =10$ mm, d=2.7 mm) and 2 semiconductor refrigerators (23 mm $\times23$ mm $\times4$ mm), which can achieve temperature and vibration feedback. First, the structure and working principle of the device were introduced, and the device’s performance was analyzed. Subsequently, an experiment based on the perception characteristics of human hand skin was designed. The experiment determined the vibration level (1-5), heating level (I-IV), and cooling level (I-III) that are consistent with the perception characteristics of the hand skin. Finally, a chemical experiment was designed to test the performance of the device. The results of the experiment showed that 92% of the volunteers thought the device had a higher sense of authenticity and immersion than the traditional virtual reality experience.

With the promotion of national fitness and the development of socialization of sport, physical and mental health has gradually become an important demand of the Chinese people in the new era in pursuit of a better life. As a simple and efficient way of fitness and entertainment, VR spinning bikes are not restricted by the weather, time, place, and air pollution, and are slightly loved by the public. However, the current virtual cycling system based on dynamic cycling still has problems such as a single riding scene, inconsistent visual somatosensory, and poor portability. In response to the lack of interactivity and presence of traditional virtual cyclingsystems, this article has developed a cross-platform Multi-scenario VR cycling system with high immersion. The system has multiple riding environments for users to choose personally. The core solves the problem of inconsistent VR riding body sensation, improves the user's immersion and reduces the user's dizziness In addition, the system can run on a varietyof platforms to meet the needs of users' personalized riding.

Objective To assess the effect of a mixture of five herbal extracts (FT-5) on insulin resistance, glucose/lipid metabolism, hepatic steatosis, and to investigate whether the combination of FT-5 and pioglitazone would provide a robust effect on diabetes treatment, while may minimize undesirable side-effects of pioglitazone in diabetic Ay gene (KKAy) mice. Methods Seven-week-old KKAy mice were randomly divided into five groups: control (CON) group, FT-5 (2.0 g/kg) group, pioglitazone (20 mg/kg) (PIO) group, pioglitazone (20 mg/kg)+FT-5 (2.0 g/kg) (P+F) group. Age-matched C57BL/6J mice were used as the control group. After seven weeks of continuous intragastric administration of medication, the glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism of KKAy mice were evaluated by assessing the fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting serum insulin (FINS), insulin tolerance test (ITT), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), and free fatty acids (FFA) in plasma and liver. Plasma and hepatic adiponectin were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Genes related to adipogenesis and lipolysis in white adipose tissues (WAT) and liver were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Lipid metabolism-related protein expression in the liver of KKAy mice were detected by western blotting. Results PIO treatment remarkably improved insulin resistance. However, it also showed substantial side effects. FT-5 group exhibited no significant decrease in serum glucose. However, it reduced fasting plasma TG levels and improved hepatic steatosis of KKAy mice. P + F group showed improved insulin resistance and similar body weight gain, as compared with control group. The mRNA expression of genes related to fatty acid oxidation was markedly up-regulated in the liver of P + F group. Pioglitazone administration markedly decreased the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, as compared with all other groups. Besides, even though plasma adiponectin increased in PIO, FT-5, P + F group, adipoR2 gene expression significantly decreased in the liver of PIO group. Conclusion FT-5 decreased plasma TG and alleviated aggravating hepatic steatosis induced by pioglitazone in KKAy mice. FT-5's mechanism might be associated with its ability to activate the AdipoR2/AMPK pathway.

The intersection workspace of multi-finger hands means the overlapping workspace in 3D Euclidean space where several fingertips can reach together, and is very valuable for grasp space planning, motion control and mechanical design for multi-finger hands. But, the intersection workspaces usually have sophisticated forms, which are really hard for robotic experts to image them. We present a general approach to visualize and analyze the intersection workspace of multi-finger hands. We firstly deduce the displacement equation of the fingertip, then generate 3D workspace of the fingertip and lastly obtain the intersection workspace of the multi-finger hands. This approach can visualize intersection workspaces with integrated forms and contours, and analyze the volume of the intersection workspaces. The vivid form and volume analysis of intersection workspaces are useful for robotic experts to accurately and intuitionally understand the fingertip motion ranges, plan the motion routes of fingers and avoid the motion collision among fingers.

Objective To investigate the effects of Tangnaikang (TNK), a mixture of five herbal plant extracts, on inflammation-mediated insulin resistance and β-cell apoptosis in SHR.Cg-Lepr cp /NDmcr (SHR-cp) rats. Methods Seven-week-old SHR-cp rats were randomly divided into a control (CON) group and a TNK (3.24 g/kg) group. Wistar-Kyoto rats at the same age were used as the normal control group. After 7 weeks of continuous intragastric administration of TNK, the glucose metabolic status and insulin sensitivity of the rats were evaluated by assessing fasting serum glucose (FBG), the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting serum insulin (FINS), and the insulin sensitivity index (ISI). Serum tumor necrosis factor-Δ (TNF-Δ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Macrophage infiltration and apoptosis in adipose tissues were detected through F4/80 immunohistochemistry and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Islet morphology and β-cell apoptosis were investigated using double immunofluorescence staining and the TUNEL assay. The expression of cytokine genes in adipose tissue, the liver, and the pancreas was detected in real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. The expression and phosphorylation levels of insulin signaling-, inflammation-, and β-cell survival-related proteins in the liver and pancreas of SHR-cp rats were detected by western blotting. Results TNK (3.24 g/kg) treatment significantly decreased body weight, FBG and FINS; improved impaired glucose tolerance; increased the ISI; reduced serum levels of TNF-Δ, CRP and IL-6; and increased serum adiponectin. The mRNA expression of inflammatory markers was markedly reduced in the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue. F4/80- and TUNEL-positive cells in adipose tissues were decreased, as was the number of TUNEL-positive β-cells. The phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and that of insulin receptor substrate-1 at serines 307 and 1101 was significantly decreased. In the pancreas, the expression of nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells-p65 was significantly decreased, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase and IRS-2 were significantly increased. Conclusion TNK was able to improve insulin resistance and β-cell apoptosis in SHR-cp rats, which might be associated with its ability to relieve the overall and local metabolic inflammatory responses observed in SHR-cp rats.

A serious trouble of virtual bicycle ride has to be faced currently, that is the visual information of scene motion perceived by riders doesn’t synchronize with the proprioceptive information of actual ride. This phenomenon makes riders deeply depressing in immersion and interaction. This paper proposes three different interpolation algorithms of Catmull- Rom curve to evaluate the consistency of visual and proprioceptive perceptions for virtual bicycle ride. Experimental results show that the realtime interpolation algorithm of Catmull-Rom curve shall help to match visual and proprioceptive perceptions, and improve the immersion and interaction of virtual bicycle ride.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with synaptic dysfunction, pathological accumulation of β-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42 ), and neuronal loss. The self-association of Aβ1-42 monomers (Aβ-M) into soluble oligomers seems to be crucial for the development of neurotoxicity. Previous publications have shown that Aβ oligomers and dimers might play key roles in inducing AD. The role of Aβ-M was rarely investigated and still unclear in AD. To understand the effects of Aβ-M on neurons and other cell types in the brain could be the key to understand its function. In our study, we found that Aβ-M expression slowly induced cell apoptosis within 48 hours after transfection, β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) interacted with Aβ-M in the pull-down and the yeast two-hybrid assays, and Aβ-M played a major role in inducing phosphorylation of Tau at Ser-214, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) at Thr-183/Tyr-185, p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) at Thr-389. We also discovered that β2AR, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), and protein kinase A (PKA) mediated the phosphorylation of Tau and JNK. Aβ-M induced phosphorylation of Tau at Ser-214 through both β2AR-cAMP/PKA-JNK and β2AR-GRK signaling pathways. Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) mediated the phosphorylation of p70S6K induced by Aβ-M.

Force generation will improve the immersion and authenticity of the virtual environment with human computer interaction. Considering the limitations of single-point interaction with force generation, this paper proposes real-time force generation methods based on double-points interaction. Analyzing the double-points interaction behaviors, we propose different equations to calculate the interactive force under four different interaction states. We establish an experimental environment to test the efficiency of double-points haptic interaction. The evaluation results show that the method can generate interactive force in time, enhance the immersion and authenticity of the virtual environment, and improve the naturalness of human computer interaction.