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The article presents a history of the city of Exeter, England. It considers issues associated with archaeology and history of the area's Roman settlement, and considers how the World War II bombings of the city provided opportunities for archaeological excavations. During the early Middle Ages, Exeter became a site where both British and Saxons lived. During the Anglo-Norman period, the castle, cathedral and the guildhall were erected. During the Tudor period, the city created a canal with locks to help enhance its commercial opportunities.

The article examines the career of German aircraft engineer and designer Richard Vogt. It covers his career beginning in 1933 as head of the design department at Hamburger Flugzeugbau (HFB). Noted airplanes designed by Vogt include the Ha-137, Ha-138 VI, and the Ha-140. The article goes on to discuss how Vogt's plans were deployed by Germany in World War II.

The article discusses the debut of the ground attack aircraft Ilyushin Shturmovik during the German invasion of Soviet Union under the 'Operation Barbarossa' during the World War II.

The article discusses the development of the German military jet bomber the Arado Ar-234 and its use during World War II by the German Luftwaffe. It discusses the German Ministry of Aviation's (RLM's) decision to give the contract to develop the plane to the firm Arado, the Arado design team led by German pilot and designer Walter Blume, and the features of the Ar-234, particularly its landing on an extendable belly skid. According to the article, the Ar-234 was proposed in 1941 as a reconnaissance airplane and was converted into a bomber at the insistence of German chancellor Adolf Hitler.

The article discusses the display of downed German military airplanes, most notably Messerschmitt Me-109Es, in England during and after the 1940 Battle of Britain in World War II. According to the article, the British government established a traveling exhibition of downed German planes and proceeds went to the account known as the Spitfire Fund to purchase aircraft for the British Royal Air Force (RAF).

The article chronicles the theory and practice of the German army that led to the formulation of the doctrine of blitzkrieg as applied to operational level during the campaigns in World War II in Western Europe. The thesis Israeli military historian Shimon Naveh that blitzkrieg lacked operational coherence is disputed based on the paradigm of the operational level of war and joint operations concept, the notion of war as a national effort, and the experience during World War I.

The article discusses the surprise New Year's Day 1945 attack on British and American air bases in the Netherlands, Belgium and France by German Luftwaffe forces, focusing on the efforts of German General Dietrich Peltz to destroy Allied planes before they could be launched. Other topics include challenged the Luftwaffe faced with inexperienced pilots, a description of the attack by Allied soldiers, and how hangovers from New Year's Eve celebrations impacted the Allied response to the attack.

The article discusses the internment of German airmen in the Irish Army's Curragh Camp from 1940 to 1945. The airmen were part of a World War 2 era German air force reconnaissance team. The article notes that the Curragh was used to detain belligerents of the Easter 1916 uprising by the British and members of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) by the Free State of Ireland in 1921. More German sailors were interned here, and the article discusses their time in Ireland.

The article discusses the role that the training of the Army Air Forces (AAF) pilots played in U.S. air power over the German Air Force (GAF), or Luftwaffe, during World War II. An overview of the training AAF pilots in aerial gunnery, including AAF Training Command's perspective that it was the weakest dimension of its training program, is provided.

The article discusses the effectiveness of Junkers Ju-87 Stuka German dive bombing warplanes during World War II. According to the article, the Stuka was not as technically advanced as other World War II planes. It examines the use of Stukas during the Spanish Civil War, the origin of the word Stuka, and the use of Stuka sirens that Germans called "Jericho's Trumpets." The article also discusses the performance of Stukas during the Battle of Britain.

The article discusses German fighter pilot Gerhard Barkhorn, focusing on his service in unit JG.52 of the German Luftwaffe in World War II. It comments on German aerial operations over England and the Soviet Union. The author considers Barkhorn's plane, the Messerschmitt Me-109, and examines his mentoring of fellow German fighter pilot Erich Hartmann.

The article discusses the morale of British citizens during the Second World War, with a particular focus to their morale in response to German air raid bombings of British civilian populations. The author contends that a majority of the British population remained averse to defeatism and supported British Prime Minister Winston Churchill's vow in refusing to surrender to Nazi Germany.

In this article the author compares the actions of the German Luftwaffe against the British Royal Air Force (RAF) during the Battle of Britain in 1940 to the actions of the U.S. 8th Air Force against German aircraft factories in 1944, which is referred to as "Big Week." The author discusses the air warfare strategies used for bomber and fighter aircraft during both events and contends that the Luftwaffe failed to properly recognize their numerical advantages over the RAF within their missions. Other topics discussed include Nazi military leader Hermann Göring, German Messerschmitt Bf109 military fighter planes, and U.S. Army Air Force Lieutenant James Doolittle.

The article discusses British military pilot and flight commander Guy Penrose Gibson's efforts in developing the use of nighttime fighter plane radar interception during an intense period of German aerial attacks on Great Britain known as the Blitz. Particular emphasis is given to the aviator's work with Beaufighter fighter planes and their radar systems during the conflict. The author also comments on Gibson's alleged poor rapport with his flight crew.

The article discusses fifteen aircraft deemed to have strongly influenced the development of aviation. Aircraft discussed include the Piper J-3 Cub personal airplane, the Messershmitt Me-262 jet fighter, and the Lockheed F-117A Nighthawk stealth attack bomber. Topics discussed include airplanes' use of radar, German aerial operations during World War II, and civilian air pilots.

The article examines the military airplane maintenance carried out by the Luftwaffe, Germany's former air force, at permanent air bases during World War II. The author describes repairs made to the Focke-Wulf Fw-190F fighter flown by German pilot Lieutenant Karl Stein on the Eastern Front. Aspects of maintenance discussed include engine lubrication, the installation of new spark plugs, and oil changes. The organizational structure of the Luftwaffe's maintenance program is detailed as well.

The article discusses the ways in which Germany used the piston-engine, tandem-winged Dornier Do-335 Pfeil fighter plane during World War II. While the article describes the plane's fairly unorthodox design, such as its cockpit location, drive shaft, and piston-powered engine, the author is mainly concerned with the effects of German bureaucratic involvement in German combat-plane manufacturing on the plane's use (or lack thereof) during the war.

The article discusses the life and military career of German fighter pilot Lieutenant Hans-Ulrich Rudel, focusing on his experiences flying a Junkers Ju-87B Stukas dive bomber on the Eastern Front during World War II. Emphasis is given to his involvement in the unsuccessful Operation Barbarossa, with specific emphasis given to his success in destroying Soviet tanks with his Stuka. The author also describes Rudel's many military decorations.

The article examines the history of the Church of England related to aerial bombing in World War II. Public opposition to saturation bombing of German cities by Great Britain's air force by George Bell, a Bishop of the Church during the war, is discussed. Damage done to prominent church buildings including Lambeth Palace and Canterbury Cathedral by German aerial bombing in 1940-1941 is considered.

The article discusses the history of the Messerschmitt Me 262 fighter jet, the first jet-propelled fighter airplane, developed by Germany during World War II. The design and construction of the plane and its jet engines are discussed, as is the insistence of German leader Adolf Hitler that it be built as a fighter-bomber and not just a fighter.

The article discusses the military history of Operation Mercury and the German airdrop on Crete in 1941 during World War II. The author reflects on the role of airborne units and paratroopers commanded by Nazi general Kurt Student and the British evacuation of the island. Other topics include preparatory bombing by the Luftwaffe, machine gun nests, artillery emplacements, and defensive positions.

The article reports on the poor performance of the Italian air force which pitted biplanes against Hurricanes and Spitfires in the Battle of Britain. Italian dictator Benito Mussolini contacted Nazi leader Adolf Hitler and offered an expeditionary air corps to help in the planned attack on the British Isles. The Italian air force suffered from engine failures and failed to accomplish their missions. The Germans considered the Italian air force a liability during the duration of the battle.

The article discusses the varied interpretations of a December 29, 1940 photograph by photojournalist Herbert Mason featuring St. Paul's Cathedral surrounded by smoke taken during the Blitz, the World War II bombing of London, England. The image became viewed as a symbol of the steadiness of Great Britain stand against her enemy. It was also cropped to emphasize the dome of the cathedral and to minimize the gutted buildings conspicuous in the original.

The article focuses on American war-time photographer Julien Bryan, notable for his images taken of Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 during World War II. He worked with his Polish interpreter, Stephan Radlinski, to gather images while German bombers attacked Warsaw. A photograph of a 9-year-old Polish boy, Zygmunt Aksienow, clutching a canary in a bird cage, became an iconic image of the assault of Warsaw. Bryan left Poland after two weeks of covering the invasion and his images appeared in American magazines including "Life," as well as his own book "Siege," and his documentary "Siege."

The article focuses on assessment of victory scores of several air pilots associated with Luftwaffe of Germany in the World War II for attainment of an acclamation. Topics include analysis of data regarding several wartime air pilots in a study led by Philipp Ager, economist at the University of Southern Denmark; assessment of databases for performance of the Luftwaffe fighter pilots; and prevalence of competition among German pilots such as Adolf Galland in the 1940 Battle of Britain.

The article discusses the historic invasion of the Soviet Union by Germany during the Second World War named 'Operation Barbarossa', which was in accordance with German politician Adolf Hitler ideology to overtake USSR territory and eventually impacted the course of the world war.