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1. LiDAR-based reference aboveground biomass maps for tropical forests of South Asia and Central Africa

Author: Suraj Reddy Rodda, Rakesh Fararoda, Rajashekar Gopalakrishnan, Nidhi Jha, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Pierre Couteron, Nicolas Barbier, Alonso Alfonso, Ousmane Bako, Patrick Bassama, Debabrata Behera, Pulcherie Bissiengou, Hervé Biyiha, Warren Y. Brockelman, Wirong Chanthorn, Prakash Chauhan, Vinay Kumar Dadhwal, Gilles Dauby, Vincent Deblauwe, Narcis Dongmo, Vincent Droissart, Selvaraj Jeyakumar, Chandra Shekar Jha, Narcisse G. Kandem, John Katembo, Ronald Kougue, Hugo Leblanc, Simon Lewis, Moses Libalah, Maya Manikandan, Olivier Martin-Ducup, Germain Mbock, Hervé Memiaghe, Gislain Mofack, Praveen Mutyala, Ayyappan Narayanan, Anuttara Nathalang, Gilbert Oum Ndjock, Fernandez Ngoula, Rama Rao Nidamanuri, Raphaël Pélissier, Sassan Saatchi, Le Bienfaiteur Sagang, Patrick Salla, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Thomas B. Smith, Bonaventure Sonké, Tariq Stevart, Danièle Tjomb, Donatien Zebaze, Lise Zemagho, and Pierre Ploton
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract Accurate mapping and monitoring of tropical forests aboveground biomass (AGB) is crucial to design effective carbon emission reduction strategies and improving our understanding of Earth’s carbon cycle. However, existing large-scale maps of tropical forest AGB generated through combinations of Earth Observation (EO) and forest inventory data show markedly divergent estimates, even after accounting for reported uncertainties. To address this, a network of high-quality reference data is needed to calibrate and validate mapping algorithms. This study aims to generate reference AGB datasets using field inventory plots and airborne LiDAR data for eight sites in Central Africa and five sites in South Asia, two regions largely underrepresented in global reference AGB datasets. The study provides access to these reference AGB maps, including uncertainty maps, at 100 m and 40 m spatial resolutions covering a total LiDAR footprint of 1,11,650 ha [ranging from 150 to 40,000 ha at site level]. These maps serve as calibration/validation datasets to improve the accuracy and reliability of AGB mapping for current and upcoming EO missions (viz., GEDI, BIOMASS, and NISAR).
Published: 2024
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2. Diversity and distribution of Orchidaceae in one of the world's most threatened plant hotspots (Madagascar)

Author: Vincent Droissart, Simon Verlynde, Brigitte Ramandimbisoa, Lalao Andriamahefarivo, and Tariq Stévart
Subjects: biodiversity hotspot, Malagasy orchids, plant data, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Introduction. In recent decades, Madagascar has become one of the most important plant hotspots in the world. The country's remaining forests and vegetation are disappearing at an alarming rate, while dozens of new species are discovered each year. Amongst the plant families that have long been studied, Orchidaceae appear as one of the most charismatic, diverse and of high conservation concern. Based on a reviewed, comprehensive herbarium dataset, we have compiled a curated checklist of all orchid species occurring in Madagascar. Based on this complete dataset, we then compiled sampling effort, species diversity distribution and some general statistics on their ecology and IUCN conservation status.Methods. We compiled and standardised a global dataset using five public databases as the main data sources, supplemented by the most recent publications. The database contains ~ 10,000 geolocated records collected between 1816 and 2021. We used GIS software and rarefaction methods to examine sampling and diversity patterns.Results. According to our dataset, there are currently 913 orchid species collected in Madagascar, of which 759 orchid species (83.1%) are endemic. Doubling the sampling effort could lead to the discovery of around 100 more species, bringing the total estimated number of orchid species in Madagascar to between 986 and 1048. About one-third (297 species) of all orchid species are known only by type specimens (189 species) or have not been collected in Madagascar for more than 50 years (214 species). Although the raw data show that the Andasibe-Moramanga area would have the highest orchid species concentration, our analysis of the data, adjusted for bias, shows that the centres of orchid diversity in Madagascar are in the Tsaratanàna Strict Nature Reserve and the Ranomafana National Park. Life-form statistics show that 55.0% of orchid species are strict epiphytes. The main flowering period of orchids in Madagascar is between November and March. To date, 84% of the 226 Malagasy orchid species listed in the IUCN Red List are threatened with extinction (CR, EN or VU).Conclusion. Despite geographically uneven coverage, the biodiversity of Malagasy orchids appears to be already well documented. We provide maps corrected for sampling bias that indicate priority areas for future surveys. Upcoming efforts should also focus on rediscovery and conservation of rare and/or threatened species and ensure that the protected area network is well aligned with the distribution of priority species for conservation. Finally, the conservation status of 75% of the orchid species found in Madagascar is not yet known and the inclusion of these species must be a top priority in the coming years.
Published: 2023
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3. Taxonomic description and pollination ecology of Cyrtorchis okuensis (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae), a new species endemic to the Cameroon Volcanic Line

Author: Laura Azandi, Tariq Stévart, Bonaventure Sonké, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Tania D’haijère, and Vincent Droissart
Subjects: angraecoid orchids, epiphyte, hawkmoth, IUCN Red L, Plant ecology, QK900-989
Abstract: Background and aims – A recent taxonomic and molecular study of the genus Cyrtorchis revealed three new species. Here, we describe one of these new species, endemic to the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), and compare it to its closest relatives. Its conservation status is provided along with detailed information on its ecology and reproductive biology.Material and methods – A detailed examination of 21 herbarium specimens was performed using standard practices of herbarium taxonomy. The conservation status of the new species was assessed using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Furthermore, we investigated the reproductive biology of the new species in an easily accessible subpopulation in Cameroon and tested the hypothesis of hawkmoth pollination in the genus Cyrtorchis. Key results – The newly discovered species, here named C. okuensis, is restricted to the montane forest (1600 to 2500 m elevation) of the CVL and is currently assessed as Near Threatened (NT). Among angraecoid orchids in which hawkmoth pollination is recorded (~16 species), C. okuensis has the shortest nectar spur (19–40 mm). In situ observations revealed hawkmoths with short proboscis of the genus Hippotion (H. celerio, H. eson, and H. osiris) as the main pollinators. The rate of pollination and fruiting under natural conditions was low and among the 448 surveyed flowers only 38.8% (174/448 flowers) had their pollinia removed, 19% produced fruits (87/448 flowers), and 16% (70/448 flowers) set mature fruits. Conclusion – Cyrtorchis okuensis is clearly differentiated from C. submontana by its longer and wider floral bracts, longer anther caps, and wider triangular dorsal sepal.
Published: 2021
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4. A large-scale species level dated angiosperm phylogeny for evolutionary and ecological analyses

Author: Steven Janssens, Thomas L.P. Couvreur, Arne Mertens, Gilles Dauby, Leo-Paul Dagallier, Samuel Vanden Abeele, Filip Vandelook, Maurizio Mascarello, Hans Beeckman, Marc Sosef, Vincent Droissart, Michelle van der Bank, Olivier Maurin, William Hawthorne, Cicely Marshall, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Denis Beina, Fidele Baya, Vincent Merckx, Brecht Verstraete, and Olivier Hardy
Subjects: phylogeny, angiosperms, large-scale dating analyse, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Phylogenies are a central and indispensable tool for evolutionary and ecological research. Even though most angiosperm families are well investigated from a phylogenetic point of view, there are far less possibilities to carry out large-scale meta-analyses at order level or higher. Here, we reconstructed a large-scale dated phylogeny including nearly 1/8th of all angiosperm species, based on two plastid barcoding genes, matK (incl. trnK) and rbcL. Novel sequences were generated for several species, while the rest of the data were mined from GenBank. The resulting tree was dated using 56 angiosperm fossils as calibration points. The resulting megaphylogeny is one of the largest dated phylogenetic tree of angiosperms yet, consisting of 36,101 sampled species, representing 8,399 genera, 426 families and all orders. This novel framework will be useful for investigating different broad scale research questions in ecological and evolutionary biology.
Published: 2020
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5. Mine versus Wild: a plant conservation checklist of the rich Iron-Ore Ngovayang Massif Area (South Cameroon)

Author: Vincent Droissart, Olivier Lachenaud, Gilles Dauby, Steven Dessein, Gyslène Kamdem, Charlemagne Nguembou K., Murielle Simo-Droissart, Tariq Stévart, Hermann Taedoumg, and Bonaventure Sonké
Subjects: biodiversity, endangered species, Important Plant, Plant ecology, QK900-989
Abstract: Background and aims – The rapid expansion of human activities in South Cameroon, particularly mining in mountainous areas, threatens this region’s exceptional biodiversity. To comprehend the effects of land-use change on plant diversity and identify conservation priorities, we aim at providing a first comprehensive plant checklist of the Ngovayang Massif, focusing on the two richest plant families, Orchidaceae and Rubiaceae.Location – The Ngovayang Massif Area (NMA) is located in the South Region of Cameroon. It is covered by lowland and submontane rainforest (100 to 1110 m elevation).Methods – We compiled a dataset of 6116 georeferenced herbarium specimens, of which 2787 belong to Rubiaceae and Orchidaceae. We used rarefaction methods to explore sampling and diversity patterns, and investigated the altitudinal distribution of rare and/or threatened taxa.Key results – The NMA, which houses about 1500 vascular plant taxa, is the richest documented area for Rubiaceae in Atlantic Central Africa (ACA) and the fifth for Orchidaceae, with respectively 281 and 111 taxa. Among these taxa, 178 (45%) are endemic to ACA and 67 (17%) are considered globally threatened according to IUCN categories and criteria. We show that higher elevation areas (> 750 m), which are also the main areas targeted for mining, are the richest in endangered and/or rare species. Three new records for Cameroon are reported here.Conclusion – The NMA represents an Important Plant Area of Cameroon as confirmed by its exceptional plant diversity (> 20% of the total Flora of Cameroon), by the concentration of many threatened and/or restricted range species (10 taxa are strict endemics of the massif) as well as by the threat on rare habitats (i.e. the submontane vegetation above ~750 m elevation). A management plan involving in situ and ex situ conservation actions is urgently needed to reduce the potential threats of future mining activities.
Published: 2019
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6. New taxonomic and conservation status of Ossiculum (Vandeae, Orchidaceae), a highly threatened and narrow-endemic angraecoid orchid from Central Africa

Author: Murielle Simo-Droissart, Tariq Stévart, Bonaventure Sonké, Sandrine Mayogo, Narcisse Kamdem, and Vincent Droissart
Subjects: Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: In the context of producing a revised phylogenetic Linnean taxonomy of angraecoid orchids, the monotypic and narrow-endemic genus Ossiculum is synonymised with Calyptrochilum. Accordingly, a new combination in Calyptrochilum is proposed for Ossiculum aurantiacum. The morphological and DNA-based evidence for this transfer is discussed. Moreover, Calyptrochilum aurantiacum is here firstly reported outside Cameroon, with a record from the Republic of the Congo. The Red List conservation status of this species is reassessed and it is to be downgraded from “Critically Endangered” (CR) to “Endangered” (EN), following the recent discovery of additional subpopulations in Cameroon.
Published: 2018
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7. Afropectinariella (Vandeae, Orchidaceae), a new genus of the Angraecum alliance

Author: Murielle Simo-Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Vincent Droissart, and Tariq Stévart
Subjects: Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: A recent phylogenetic study showed that species assigned to the newly recognised genus Pectinariella Szlach., Mytnik & Grochocka (previously treated as Angraecum Bory sect. Pectinaria Benth.) are polyphyletic, comprising a clade with species primarily in Madagascar and the Western Indian Ocean islands (including the type) and another non-sister clade whose members occur in continental Africa and the Gulf of Guinea islands. In order to render Pectinariella monophyletic, the five continental African species must therefore be removed. A new genus, Afropectinariella M.Simo & Stévart, is described and the following combinations are made: Afropectinariella atlantica (Stévart & Droissart) M.Simo & Stévart, Afropectinariella doratophylla (Summerh.) M.Simo & Stévart, Afropectinariella gabonensis (Summerh.) M.Simo & Stévart, Afropectinariella pungens (Schltr.) M.Simo & Stévart and Afropectinariella subulata (Lindl.) M.Simo & Stévart.
Published: 2018
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8. RAINBIO: a mega-database of tropical African vascular plants distributions

Author: Dauby Gilles, Rainer Zaiss, Anne Blach-Overgaard, Luís Catarino, Theo Damen, Vincent Deblauwe, Steven Dessein, John Dransfield, Vincent Droissart, Maria Cristina Duarte, Henry Engledow, Geoffrey Fadeur, Rui Figueira, Roy E. Gereau, Olivier J. Hardy, David J. Harris, Janneke de Heij, Steven Janssens, Yannick Klomberg, Alexandra C. Ley, Barbara A. MacKinder, Pierre Meerts, Jeike L. van de Poel, Bonaventure Sonké, Marc S. M. Sosef, Tariq Stévart, Piet Stoffelen, Jens-Christian Svenning, Pierre Sepulchre, Xander van der Burgt, Jan J. Wieringa, and Thomas L. P. Couvreur
Subjects: Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: The tropical vegetation of Africa is characterized by high levels of species diversity but is undergoing important shifts in response to ongoing climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures. Although our knowledge of plant species distribution patterns in the African tropics has been improving over the years, it remains limited. Here we present RAINBIO, a unique comprehensive mega-database of georeferenced records for vascular plants in continental tropical Africa. The geographic focus of the database is the region south of the Sahel and north of Southern Africa, and the majority of data originate from tropical forest regions. RAINBIO is a compilation of 13 datasets either publicly available or personal ones. Numerous in depth data quality checks, automatic and manual via several African flora experts, were undertaken for georeferencing, standardization of taxonomic names and identification and merging of duplicated records. The resulting RAINBIO data allows exploration and extraction of distribution data for 25,356 native tropical African vascular plant species, which represents ca. 89% of all known plant species in the area of interest. Habit information is also provided for 91% of these species.
Published: 2016
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9. Taxonomy of Atlantic Central African orchids 2. A second species of the rare genus Distylodon (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae) collected in Cameroon

Author: Vincent Droissart, Phillip J. Cribb, Murielle Simo-Droissart, and Tariq Stévart
Subjects: Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: While conducting field inventories in South Cameroon, we collected two specimens of a new species that we considered to belong to the genus Angraecopsis. Afterwards, a careful examination of specimens housed at main herbaria, along with the nomenclatural types, allows us to place it in Distylodon, a monotypic genus previously known from East Africa. Distylodon sonkeanum Droissart, Stévart & P.J.Cribb, sp. nov. was collected in the lowland coastal forest of Atlantic Central Africa. It is known from a single locality in the surroundings of the Campo-Ma’an National Park. The species differs from D. comptum, by its several-flowered inflorescences, longer leaves and spur, and shorter pedicel and ovary. The species appears to be rare and is assessed as Critically Endangered [CR B2ab(iii)] according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. New field investigations are required to attempt to find it in the low-elevation parts of the Campo-Ma’an National Park in Cameroon.
Published: 2014
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10. A single origin of leaflessness in <scp>Afro‐Malagasy</scp> angraecoids (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae)

Author: João Farminhão, Jean Philippe Biteau, Diallo Yakhouba, Marie Savignac, Murielle Simo‐Droissart, Vincent Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, and Tariq Stévart
Subjects: Plant Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published: 2023

11. Diversity, taxonomy, and history of the tropical fern genus Didymoglossum Desv. (Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiidae) in Africa

Author: Jean‐Yves Dubuisson, Adèle Nivart, Ehoarn Bidault, Vincent Deblauwe, Vincent Droissart, Narcisse G. Kamdem, Germinal Rouhan, Atsushi Ebihara, and Timothée le Péchon
Subjects: Plant Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published: 2023

12. Diversity and taxonomy of the fern genus Vandenboschia Copel. (Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiidae) in the Afro-Malagasy region and description of a new species

Author: Jean-Yves Dubuisson, Elodie Boucheron-Dubuisson, Timothée Le Péchon, Pedro Bausero, Vincent Droissart, Vincent Deblauwe, Atsushi Ebihara, Sabine Hennequin, and Germinal Rouhan
Subjects: Plant Science
Published: 2022

13. Natural Regeneration In Tropical Forests Along A Disturbance Gradient In South-East Cameroon

Author: Donatien Dongmo Zebaze, Anaïs Gorel, Jean-François Gillet, Fructueux Houngbégnon, Nicolas Barbier, Gauthier Ligot, Simon Lhoest, Gyslene Kamdem, Moses Libalah, Vincent Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, and Jean-Louis Doucet
Published: 2023

14. Additive influences of soil and climate gradients drive tree community composition of Central African rain forests

Author: Nicolas Texier, Raphaël Pélissier, Donatien Zebaze, Moses Libalah, Stéphane Takoudjou Momo, Bonaventure Sonké, Narcisse Guy Kamdem, Nicolas Barbier, Gislain Ii Mofack, Claire Fortunel, Pierre Couteron, Simon L. Lewis, Gilles Dauby, Vincent Droissart, Pierre Ploton, Gyslene Kamdem, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie, Université de Yaoundé I, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie [ENS Yaoudé], and Université de Yaoundé I-École normale supérieure [ENS] - Yaoundé 1
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil gradient, Plant Science, Rainforest, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Climate gradient, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Cameroon, Relative species abundance, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, Species abundance, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, Tropical rain forest, Tree (data structure), Community composition, 13. Climate action, Species occurrence, Environmental science, Tropical rainforests, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Aim: Examining tree species-environment association can offer insight into the drivers of vegetation patterns and key information of practical relevance to forest management. Here, we aim to quantify the contribution of climate and soil gradients to variation in Central African tree species composition (abundance and occurrence). Location: Tropical rainforests of southern and eastern Cameroon. Methods: We established 82 1-ha permanent plots across seven localities and censused all trees ≥ 10 cm in diameter, representing a total of 37,733 trees and 455 species. In 60 of those plots, we measured ten soil variables describing texture and nutrients levels and extracted ten bioclimatic variables from global-gridded climate databases. We synthesized the main environmental gradients by conducting principal component analyses on climate and soil data respectively. We performed unconstrained and constrained non-symmetric correspondence analyses to account for the individual and joint contributions of climate and soil on species abundance and occurrence. Results: Climate and soil contributed similarly to variances of species abundance and occurrence (12–15 % variance for climate vs. 11–12 % variance for soil). Climate influence mostly concerns some abundant species, while some of the less abundant species were mainly driven by soil. Fractions of species variances accounted for by climate and soil show strong correlation when assessed from species occurrence and abundance data. Conclusion: Variation in occurrence and abundance of tropical forest trees can be partly shaped by both climate and soil gradients in Cameroon, which emphasizes the importance to jointly consider soil and climate in species distribution modeling. Less abundant species may express environmental influence differently than abundant species and convey complementary information about community assemblage. Though showing congruent patterns here, species abundance and occurrence reflect different interacting community processes and both should be examined to better understand vegetation patterns.
Published: 2020

15. New insights into the diversity, taxonomy and history of the fern genus Trichomanes (Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiidae), with a focus on Africa and the western Indian Ocean

Author: Vincent Droissart, Samuli Lehtonen, Alexandre Salino, Hanna Tuomisto, Timothée Le Péchon, Jean-Yves Dubuisson, Atsushi Ebihara, Sabine Hennequin, Germinal Rouhan, Vincent Deblauwe, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Botanic Garden Meise, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA-Cameroon), International Institute of Tropical Agriculture [Nigeria] (IITA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and University of Turku
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Plant Science, biology.organism_classification, Hymenophyllaceae, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Indian ocean, Genus, Trichomanes, Taxonomy (biology), 14. Life underwater, Fern, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Polypodiidae, 030304 developmental biology, Diversity (politics), media_common
Abstract: The filmy fern genus Trichomanes mainly comprises Neotropical species and a few taxa in Africa and the western Indian Ocean. The aim of this study is to infer the phylogenetic placement of all five Afro-Malagasy taxa in the genus and to investigate their history via an expanded and dated phylogenetic analysis including 39 species representing over half the diversity of the genus. The results support the monophyly of Trichomanes including all the sampled species attributed to the genus, but also suggest the inclusion of the species Abrodictyum cellulosum, revealing a morphological diversity of the genus greater than what was traditionally recognized, and highlighting the importance of the campanulate sorus as a generic diagnostic character. To accommodate those new phylogenetic results and morphological investigations, we describe a new subgenus Afrotrichomanes grouping the Afro-Malagasy taxa (except T. crenatum). The dated history of the genus among the trichomanoids suggests at least two origins for the Palaeotropical species. A recent Cainozoic colonization from the Neotropics towards Africa gave rise to the West African taxon T. crenatum, and a possible Mesozoic vicariance event gave rise to subgenus Afrotrichomanes. The low species diversity of the genus in the Afro-Malagasy region is discussed.
Published: 2021

16. A near comprehensive phylogenetic framework gives new insights toward a natural classification of the African genus Cyrtorchis (Angraecinae, Orchidaceae)

Author: Tania D'haijère, Simon Verlynde, Esra Kaymak, Tariq Stévart, João N.M. Farminhão, Bonaventure Sonké, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Laura N. Azandi, Vincent Droissart, Université de Yaoundé I, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), Missouri Botanical Garden, and Botanic Garden Meise
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, integrative systematics, Cyrtorchis, Homocolleticon, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Natural (archaeology), Vandeae, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Genus, Angraecinae, molecular analyses, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Orchidaceae, biology, Phylogenetic tree, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, character-state evolution, Evolutionary biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, morphometry
Abstract: International audience; The genus Cyrtorchis is renowned for its conspicuous white, long-spurred flowers, but also for its challenging problems of species delimitation due to the great morphological resemblance of their flowers. Based on a preliminary visual inspection of 1752 specimens, 27 morphogroups were defined including 6 unpublished taxa. Then, we used a representative sampling of 171 dried and alcohol-preserved specimens representing 20 morphogroups to perform linear morphometrics through multivariate analyses on 43 morphological characters in order to confirm morphogroups delineation and identify their discriminant characters. Moreover, the monophyly of the two sections and of 21 morphological entities was tested through molecular analyses in order to produce a natural classification of the genus. DNA sequences from 69 Cyrtorchis specimens belonging to 15 published taxa (seven from C. sect. Homocolleticon, eight from C. sect. Cyrtorchis), six putative new Cyrtorchis taxa, as well as four taxa used as outgroups, were produced using one nuclear (nrITS-1) and five plastid regions (matK, rps16, trnC-petN intergenic spacer, trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, ycf1), and were analyzed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches. We used this phylogenetic framework to infer the morphological character-state evolution of six floral traits and assess their taxonomic value. Morphological analysis revealed two groups corresponding to the published sections. However, while molecular results recovered the monophyly of C. sect. Cyrtorchis, C. sect. Homocolleticon appears paraphyletic. Of the 21 morphologically defined taxa that were included in the molecular analyses, eight, namely C. aschersonii, C. henriquesiana, C. monteiroae, C. praetermissa, C. ringens, and three new taxa were proven monophyletic. The delimitation of the 19 remaining morphologically identified taxa was assessed using morphological approach only. The ancestral state reconstruction provided new insights into character-state evolution in the genus by inferring the insertion point of the stipites at the rear third of the length of the viscidium as one of the main synapomorphic characters supporting the monophyly of the genus. Furthermore, viscidium structure, stipites shape, and the lateral lobes of the rostellum were found to be important to infer phylogenetic relationships within the genus.
Published: 2021

17. Rapid radiation of angraecoids (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae) in tropical Africa characterised by multiple karyotypic shifts under major environmental instability

Author: Florent Martos, João N.M. Farminhão, Simon Verlynde, Esra Kaymak, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Vincent Droissart, Tariq Stévart, Géromine Collobert, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Botanic Garden Meise, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Asia, Genetic Speciation, Karyotype, Pantropical, Late Miocene, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, African rainforest, Phylogenetic nomenclature, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Angraecinae, Genetics, Madagascar, Epiphyte, Plastids, Clade, Orchidaceae, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, Likelihood Functions, Phylogenetic tree, biology, Pseudotriploid, Bayes Theorem, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Phylogeography, 030104 developmental biology, Cladogenesis, Evolutionary biology, Africa, Diversification analysis, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Angraecoid orchids present a remarkable diversity of chromosome numbers, which makes them a highly suitable system for exploring the impact of karyotypic changes on cladogenesis, diversification and morphological differentiation. We compiled an annotated cytotaxonomic checklist for 126 species of Angraecinae, which was utilised to reconstruct chromosomal evolution using a newly-produced, near-comprehensive phylogenetic tree that includes 245 angraecoid taxa. In tandem with this improved phylogenetic framework, using combined Bayesian, maximum likelihood and parsimony approaches on ITS-1 and five plastid markers, we propose a new cladistic nomenclature for the angraecoids, and we estimate a new timeframe for angraecoid radiation based on a secondary calibration, and calculate diversification rates using a Bayesian approach. Coincident divergence dates between clades with identical geographical distributions in the angraecoids and the pantropical orchid genus Bulbophyllum suggest that the same events may have intervened in the dispersal of these two epiphytic groups between Asia, continental Africa, Madagascar and the Neotropics. The major angraecoid lineages probably began to differentiate in the Middle Miocene, and most genera and species emerged respectively around the Late Miocene-Pliocene boundary and the Pleistocene. Ancestral state reconstruction using maximum likelihood estimation revealed an eventful karyotypic history dominated by descending dysploidy. Karyotypic shifts seem to have paralleled cladogenesis in continental tropical Africa, where approximately 90% of the species have descended from at least one inferred transition from n = 17–18 to n = 25 during the Middle Miocene Climatic Transition, followed by some clade-specific descending and ascending dysploidy from the Late Miocene to the Pleistocene. Conversely, detected polyploidy is restricted to a few species lineages mostly originating during the Pleistocene. No increases in net diversification could be related to chromosome number changes, and the apparent net diversification was found to be highest in Madagascar, where karyotypic stasis predominates. Finally, shifts in chromosome number appear to have paralleled the evolution of rostellum structure, leaflessness, and conspicuous changes in floral colour.
Published: 2021

18. An Elegy to Rangaeris, Including a Description of Two New Genera in the Cyrtorchis–Tridactyle Clade (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae)

Author: Ling Dong, Tania D'haijère, Simon Verlynde, Gregory M. Plunkett, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Vincent Droissart, Landry Dumbo Isonga, Tariq Stévart, João N.M. Farminhão, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], and Missouri Botanical Garden
Subjects: new combinations, Planetangis, Epidendroideae, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Rangaeris, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Vandeae, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Genus, Polyphyly, Angraecinae, Aziza, 0502 economics and business, Podangis, Clade, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, New combinations, 05 social sciences, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, IUCN Red List, Listrostachys, Lectotypification, Welwitsch, lectotypification, Angola, Evolutionary biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Africa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Taxonomy (biology), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biologie, 050203 business & management
Abstract: The phylogenetic position of Rangaeris (Schltr.) Summerh. has been one of the most problematic issues of angraecoid orchid taxonomy. A recently published phylogenetic tree with nearly comprehensive taxon sampling of African angraecoid orchids suggested that this genus was polyphyletic, as its species appear nested within different subclades of the Cyrtorchis–Tridactyle clade. However, the lack of DNA data for the generic type, R. muscicola (Rchb. f.) Summerh. and for the little-known species R. longicaudata (Rolfe) Summerh. and R. trilobata Summerh. has precluded an integrative reappraisal of the delimitation of this genus. Here we present the results of a new phylogenetic analysis of one nuclear (ITS) and five plastid markers (matK, rps16, trnC-petN intergenic spacer, trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, ycf1) for all six species of Rangaeris, including those recently transferred to Podangis Schltr. and Ypsilopus Summerh. together with a representative sampling of 14 other species of the genera Cyrtorchis Schltr. Listrostachys Rchb. f. Plectrelminthus Raf. Summerhayesia P. J. Cribb, Tridactyle Schltr. and Ypsilopus. Based on molecular and morphological evidence, R. muscicola is transferred to Podangis, where Rangaeris is reduced to the rank of section. In addition, R. longicaudata and R. trilobata are each moved to new monotypic genera, Planetangis Stévart & Farminhão and Aziza Farminhão & D’haijère, respectively. An identification key for all genera of the Cyrtorchis–Tridactyle clade is presented, together with one for the three species of recircumscribed Podangis. Finally, taxonomic accounts of the new genera are presented, including amended descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, and preliminary conservation status assessments of their species., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020

19. A large-scale species level dated angiosperm phylogeny for evolutionary and ecological analyses

Author: Olivier J. Hardy, Brecht Verstraete, Hans Beeckman, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, C.A.M. Marshall, Marc S.M. Sosef, Vincent Droissart, Vincent S. F. T. Merckx, Olivier Maurin, Steven B. Janssens, William D. Hawthorne, Fidèle Baya, Denis Beina, Michelle van der Bank, Thomas L. P. Couvreur, Gilles Dauby, Samuel Vanden Abeele, Arne Mertens, Maurizio Mascarello, Léo-Paul M.J. Dagallier, Filip Vandelook, Botanic Garden Meise, Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University [Bremen], Ministère Centrafricain des Eaux, Forêts, Chasses et Pêches (MEFCP), Natural History Museum of Denmark, Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), HERBAXYLAREDD project (BR/143/A3/HERBAXYLAREDD), BELSPO research program AFRIFORD, Couvreur, Thomas LP [0000-0002-8509-6587], Mertens, Arne [0000-0003-3272-9464], Dagallier, Leo-Paul MJ [0000-0002-3270-1544], Vanden Abeele, Samuel [0000-0001-9100-3642], Mascarello, Maurizio [0000-0003-0325-2345], Droissart, Vincent [0000-0001-9798-5616], Marshall, Cicely [0000-0002-7397-6472], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Evolutionary and Population Biology (IBED, FNWI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Meise Botanic Garden [Belgium] (Plantentuin), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Couvreur, Thomas L P [0000-0002-8509-6587], and Dagallier, Leo-Paul M J [0000-0002-3270-1544]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, FOSSIL EVIDENCE, Angiosperms, Evolution, Biodiversity & Conservation, Biology, phylogeny, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, WESTERN INTERIOR, 03 medical and health sciences, GENUS, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Species level, Phylogenetics, evolution, R PACKAGE, lcsh:QH301-705.5, FRUITS, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, NEW-JERSEY, 0303 health sciences, Science & Technology, Phylogenetic tree, Ecology, EARLY EOCENE, NORTH-AMERICA, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, lcsh:Biology (General), Large-scale dating analyses, FOS: Biological sciences, GenBank, large-scale dating analyse, large-scale dating analyses, Biodiversity Conservation, SP-NOV, Research questions, DIVERSIFICATION, ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), angiosperms, Biologie, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Research Article
Abstract: Phylogenies are a central and indispensable tool for evolutionary and ecological research. Even though most angiosperm families are well investigated from a phylogenetic point of view, there are far less possibilities to carry out large-scale meta-analyses at order level or higher. Here, we reconstructed a large-scale dated phylogeny including nearly 1/8th of all angiosperm species, based on two plastid barcoding genes, matK (incl. trnK) and rbcL. Novel sequences were generated for several species, while the rest of the data were mined from GenBank. The resulting tree was dated using 56 angiosperm fossils as calibration points. The resulting megaphylogeny is one of the largest dated phylogenetic tree of angiosperms yet, consisting of 36,101 sampled species, representing 8,399 genera, 426 families and all orders. This novel framework will be useful for investigating different broad scale research questions in ecological and evolutionary biology., info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2020

20. Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth's tropical forests

Author: Bruno Herault, Peter J. Van Der Meer, Jean-François Bastin, Aurora Levesley, Michael D. Swaine, Rodolfo Vásquez Martínez, Martin Dančák, Matt Bradford, Frans Bongers, Stuart J. Davies, Reuben Nilus, Adriano José Nogueira Lima, Lip Khoon Kho, Edmar Almeida de Oliveira, Joey Talbot, Richard F. Preziosi, Jagoba Malumbres-Olarte, James A. Comiskey, Thalès de Haulleville, José Luís Camargo, Terese B. Hart, Juliana Schietti, Peter S. Ashton, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ophelia Wang, Kanehiro Kitayama, Francis Q. Brearley, Peter van der Hout, Amy C. Bennett, Janvier Lisingo, Luis Valenzuela Gamarra, Lily Rodriguez Bayona, Zorayda Restrepo Correa, Jérôme Chave, Connie J. Clark, Christopher Baraloto, Gerardo Aymard, Serge K. Begne, Kofi Affum-Baffoe, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Geertje M. F. van der Heijden, Fernanda Coelho de Souza, Timothy R. Baker, Rahayu Sukmaria Sukri, Julie Peacock, Hermann Taedoumg, Simon L. Lewis, Yahn Carlos Soto Shareva, Greta C. Dargie, Murielle Simo-Droissart, David Harris, Faizah Metali, Hans ter Steege, Richard Lowe, Géraldine Derroire, Benoit Burban, Camila Silva Valeria, Martin Svátek, Wannes Hubau, Sarah A. Batterman, Vincent A. Vos, Elizabeth Kearsley, Peter M. Umunay, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Flávia R. C. Costa, Hans Verbeeck, Maria Cristina Peñuela Mora, John R. Poulsen, Simon Willcock, Simone Aparecida Vieira, Jean-Louis Doucet, Foster Brown, Yadvinder Malhi, Luisa Fernanda Duque, Ronald Vernimmen, Miguel E. Leal, Alan Hamilton, Martin Gilpin, Colin R. Maycock, Carlos Cerón, Radim Hédl, Oliver L. Phillips, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Jon C. Lovett, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Roderick Zagt, Ted R. Feldpausch, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Ima Célia Guimarães Vieira, Pascal Boeckx, Roel J. W. Brienen, Marcelo F. Simon, Keith C. Hamer, Alberto Vicentini, Corneille E. N. Ewango, Clément Stahl, Javier Silva Espejo, Ana Andrade, Anand Roopsind, Erika Berenguer, Pieter A. Zuidema, Vianet Mihindou, Murray Collins, Simone Matias Reis, Emilio Vilanova Torre, Kathryn J. Jeffery, Marie Noël Kamdem Djuikouo, Terry Brncic, Percy Núñez Vargas, John Terborgh, Paulo S. Morandi, Bonaventure Sonké, Jan Bogaert, William E. Magnusson, Lilian Blanc, Terry L. Erwin, Ervan Rutishauser, Anthony Di Fiore, Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Edward T. A. Mitchard, Massiel Corrales Medina, Nicholas J. Berry, Juliana Stropp, Maureen Playfair, Luzmila Arroyo, Douglas Sheil, Armando Torres-Lezama, David A. Neill, Sean C. Thomas, Eric Arets, Ernest G. Foli, Lola da Costa, Ricardo Keichi Umetsu, Lan Qie, James Singh, Lise Zemagho, Agustín Rudas, Richard B. Primack, Jan Reitsma, Annette Hladik, Alexander K. Koch, Colin A. Pendry, Walter A. Palacios, Sabina Cerruto Ribeiro, Nicolas Labrière, Fernando Elias, Eric Chezeaux, William Milliken, Manuel Gloor, Romeo Ekoungoulou, Jefferson S. Hall, Henrique E. M. Nascimento, Susan G. Laurance, Axel Dalberg Poulsen, Marcos Silveira, Carolina V. Castilho, Plínio Barbosa de Camargo, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Kamariah Abu Salim, Joeri A. Zwerts, Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros, Jos Barlow, Georgia Pickavance, Joice Ferreira, Mark van Nieuwstadt, Jorcely Barroso, Andrew R. Marshall, Miguel Alexiades, Lindsay F. Banin, Terry Sunderland, Lourens Poorter, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Varun Swamy, Rafael Herrera, Hans Beeckman, Gerardo Flores Llampazo, Shin-ichiro Aiba, Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert, Michelle Kalamandeen, Adriana Prieto, Ben Hur Marimon, Casimiro Mendoza, Victor Chama Moscoso, Eliana Jimenez-Rojas, Hirma Ramírez-Angulo, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Vincent Droissart, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Hannah L. Mossman, Everton Cristo de Almeida, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Ângelo Gilberto Manzatto, Aurélie Dourdain, Luiz E. O. C. Aragão, Raquel Thomas, David W. Galbraith, Kenneth R. Young, Nallaret Davila Cardozo, Timothy J. Killeen, Rafael de Paiva Salomão, Bente B. Klitgaard, James Taplin, Damien Bonal, Karina Melgaço, William F. Laurance, Jason Vleminckx, Esteban Alvarez Dávila, Verginia Wortel, Richarlly da Costa Silva, Thaiane Rodrigues de Sousa, Sophie Fauset, Nadir Pallqui Camacho, Wendeson Castro, Toby R. Marthews, Fabricio Beggiato Baccaro, John T. Woods, David Taylor, Patricia Alvarez Loayza, Andrew Ford, Niro Higuchi, Aida Cuni Sanchez, Aline Pontes Lopes, Laszlo Nagy, John Pipoly, Lee J. T. White, Jhon del Aguila Pasquel, European Research Council, European Commission, Royal Society (UK), Leverhulme Trust, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Missouri Botanical Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Wildlife Conservation Society, National Geographic Society, Centre for International Forestry Research, Agence Nationale Des Parcs Nationaux (Gabon), University of Leeds, Mensurat Unit, Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal de Roraima, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Sch Geog, University of Nottingham, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College (HTTC), Université deYaoundé I, School of Geography [Leeds], University of Edinburgh, School of Geography and the Environment, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Kagoshima University, University of Kent [Canterbury], Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso (UFMT), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Duke University [Durham], Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), National Institute for Space Research [Sao José dos Campos] (INPE), Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Dept Organism & Evolutionary Biol, Harvard University [Cambridge], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), Research Unit of Landscape Ecology and Plant Production Systems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University [Bremen], Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Sch Geosci, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Biodiversité et Paysage, Université de Liège - Gembloux, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forest Ecol & Forest Management Grp, CSIRO Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Woods Hole Research Center, Partenaires INRAE, Herbario Alfredo Paredes, Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Rougier Gabon, Andes to Amazon Biodiversity Program, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), AgroParisTech, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Université de Liège, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Milieux Désordonnés et Hétérogènes (LMDH), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Royal Botanic Gardens, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Commissariat général du Plan (CGP), Premier ministre, Instituto Nacional de Pequisas da Amazônia, Instituto National de Pequisas da Amazonia Brazil, Éco-Anthropologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, Agence Nationale des Parcs Nationaux, BP 30 379 Libreville, Gabon, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kyoto University, Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], James Cook University (JCU), Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Coordenac Bao de Pesquisas em Ecologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), University of Mary Washington, Chercheur indépendant, Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Forest Research Centre (FRC), Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Natural History Museum [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO), Bur Waarderburg, Iwokrama International Centre for Rainforest Conservation and Development, CarboForExpert, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Plant Systemat & Ecol Lab, Université de Yaoundé I, Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Instituto de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo Forestal, Universidad de los Andes [Bogota] (UNIANDES), University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Van der Hout Forestry Consulting, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Department of Integrative Biology [Berkeley] (IB), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Sch Earth Sci & Environm Sustainabil, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of Stirling, Biol Sci, Liverpool John Moore University (ljmu), Biodiversity Department, Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Sub Animal Ecology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Animal Ecology, and Systems Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Tropical trees, Hot Temperature, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth, Planet, Climate, Acclimatization, Tropical forest carbon stocks, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Growth, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Tropical climate, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Biomass, Photosynthesis, Hectare, Productivity, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, Wood, Productivity (ecology), Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, C180 Ecology, Tree, Leaf Respiration, Carbon-Cycle Feedbacks, Climate Change, Climate change and forestry, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Life Science, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetatie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical Climate, Vegetation, Global warming, Tropics, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Carbon, CO₂ Fertilization, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Acclimation
Abstract: The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (-9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth's climate., Our plot monitoring networks havebeen supported by multiple grants from a large number of funding bodies: European Research Council; Natural Environment Research Council; European Union’s Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh Framework Programme; Royal Society, Leverhulme Trust; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; David and Lucile Packard Foundation; State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP); National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq); Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Conservation International; Missouri Botanical Garden; Smithsonian Institution; Wildlife Conservation Society; National Geographic Society; Centre for International Forestry; and Gabon’s National Park Agency.
Published: 2020

21. Spatio-temporal patterns of orchids flowering in Cameroonian rainforests

Author: Laura Azandi, Vincent Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Marie Noël Kamdem Djuikouo, Vincent Deblauwe, Sandrine Mayogo, Murielle Simo-Droissart, G. Kamdem, Narcisse Guy Kamdem, Nicolas Texier, R. Bose, Lise Zemagho, Tariq Stévart, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie [ENS Yaoudé], Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé]-École normale supérieure [ENS] - Yaoundé 1, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université de Yaoundé I-École normale supérieure [ENS] - Yaoundé 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), US National Science Foundation [1051547], National Geographic Society Conservation Trust [C303-15], and Mohammed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund [16255698]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Rainforest, Climatic region, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Flowers, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Polystachya, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Phénomènes atmosphériques, Tropical rainforest, Epiphyte, Cameroon, Climatic regions, Orchidaceae, Shadehouse, Phylogeny, Ancistrorhynchus, Ecologie, Ecology, biology, Phenology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Bulbophyllum, Seasons, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Angraecum, Epiphytes, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: We characterized the flowering patterns of 45 epiphytic orchid species occurring in Cameroonian rainforests to explore the environmental and evolutionary forces driving their phenology. We used a dataset of 3470 flowering events recorded over a period of 11 years in the Yaoundé living collection (82% of the flowering events) and from in situ observations (18% of the flowering events) to (i) describe flowering frequency and timing and synchronization among taxa; (ii) test flowering patterns for phylogenetic relatedness at the generic level; and (iii) investigate the spatial patterns of phenology. An annual flowering pattern prevailed among the species selected for this study. The species-rich African genera Angraecum and Polystachya are characterized by subannual and annual frequency patterns, respectively. However, in terms of flowering time, no phylogenetic signal was detected for the four most diverse genera (Ancistrorhynchus, Angraecum, Bulbophyllum, and Polystachya). Results suggest also an important role of photoperiod and precipitation as climatic triggers of flowering patterns. Moreover, 16% of the taxa cultivated ex situ, mostly Polystachya, showed significant differences in flowering time between individuals originating from distinct climatic regions, pointing toward the existence of phenological ecotypes. Phenological plasticity, suggested by the lack of synchronized flowering in spatially disjunct populations of Polystachya, could explain the widespread radiation of this genus throughout tropical Africa. Our study highlights the need to take the spatial pattern of flowering time into account when interpreting phylogeographic patterns in central African rainforests., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2018

22. New taxonomic and conservation status of Ossiculum (Vandeae, Orchidaceae), a highly threatened and narrow-endemic angraecoid orchid from Central Africa

Author: Tariq Stévart, Vincent Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Sandrine Mayogo, Narcisse Guy Kamdem, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie, Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé], Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université de Yaoundé I, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund 16255698 National Geographic Society C303-15 National Science Foundation (NSF) 1051547 American Orchid Society
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Biodiversity & Conservation, Liliopsida, Endangered species, Asparagales, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Ossitulum aurantiacum, Calyptrochilum, Critically endangered, Mungo River Forest Reserve, lcsh:Botany, IUCN Red List, Plantae, biology, Cenozoic, Ecology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, lcsh:QK1-989, Geography, Ossiculum, Categories and Criteria, Taxonomy (biology), Angraecoid orchids, Research Article, Ossiculum aurantiacum, 010603 evolutionary biology, Vandeae, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Orchidaceae, Endemism, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, Généralités, ex situ conservation, 15. Life on land, Odzala National Park, Ex situ conservation, biology.organism_classification, Tracheophyta, 030104 developmental biology, Africa, Conservation status, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, aurantiacum
Abstract: In the context of producing a revised phylogenetic Linnean taxonomy of angraecoid orchids, the monotypic and narrow-endemic genus Ossiculum is synonymised with Calyptrochilum. Accordingly, a new combination in Calyptrochilum is proposed for Ossiculum aurantiacum. The morphological and DNA-based evidence for this transfer is discussed. Moreover, Calyptrochilum aurantiacum is here firstly reported outside Cameroon, with a record from the Republic of the Congo. The Red List conservation status of this species is reassessed and it is to be downgraded from "Critically Endangered" (CR) to "Endangered" (EN), following the recent discovery of additional subpopulations in Cameroon., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2018

23. Beyond trees: Biogeographical regionalization of tropical Africa

Author: Tariq Stévart, Anne Blach-Overgaard, Jens-Christian Svenning, Olivier J. Hardy, Thomas L. P. Couvreur, Steven Janssens, Bonaventure Sonké, Barbara A. Mackinder, Vincent Droissart, David Harris, Vincent Deblauwe, Gilles Dauby, Marc S.M. Sosef, Jan J. Wieringa, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Department of Organism Biology, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Center for Tropical Research, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh, Royal Botanical Garden, Botanic Garden Meise, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Section for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity, Department of Bioscience, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversite Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS Villum Fonden 16549 French Foundation for Research on Biodiversity (FRB) Region Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur Belgian Fund for Scientific Research, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Aarhus University, and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, RAINBIO database, nestedness, CONSERVATION, African bioregions, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Phytogeography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, network clustering, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, growth forms, SPECIES COMPOSITION, Growth form, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, Endemism, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, PLANT DIVERSITY, 2. Zero hunger, Diversity, FLORA, Ecology, phytogeography, Species diversity, RAIN-FOREST, ENDEMISM, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, REGIONS, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Liana, Network clustering, PATTERNS, Nestedness, BIODIVERSITY, Ordination, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Woody plant
Abstract: Aim: To delineate bioregions in tropical Africa and determine whether different plant growth forms (trees, terrestrial herbs, lianas and shrubs) display the same pattern of regionalization, diversity and endemism as the whole flora.Location: Tropical Africa (excl. Madagascar), from 20 degrees N to 25 degrees S.Taxon: Vascular plants.Methods: Analyses were based on occurrences of 24,719 vascular plant species distributed across tropical Africa extracted from the RAINBIO database. The majority of species (93%) were classified into four growth forms: terrestrial herbs, trees, shrubs and lianas. Biogeographical regions (bioregions) were delimited using a bipartite network clustering approach on the whole dataset and then separately for each growth form. Relationships among bioregions were investigated using non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination, flora nestedness and endemism patterns.Results: Analyses of the whole dataset identified 16 bioregions and 11 transition zones. These were congruent with most of the currently recognized phytogeographical classifications, and also highlighted previously under-recognized bioregions. Bioregion endemism rates were lower and species richness higher when compared to estimates from the White/Association pour l'Etude Taxonomique de la Flore d'Afrique Tropicale (AETFAT) classification. Analysed separately, plant growth forms showed contrasting geographical patterns. Bioregionalization was better resolved for closed forest types using trees and lianas and for open vegetation types using terrestrial herbs, while shrubs showed good discriminative power in all vegetation types.Main conclusions: We show that distribution patterns based on solely trees are not sufficient to define floristic bioregions in tropical Africa. Analyses of spatial patterns using different growth forms are complementary, likely reflecting different evolutionary processes and ecological relationships. The contribution of growth forms to delimit geographical floristic patterns across tropical Africa is of critical importance for land use planning and management, and for selecting priority conservation areas.
Published: 2018

24. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic synopsis of the angraecoid genus Ypsilopus (Orchidaceae, Vandeae)

Author: Gregory M. Plunkett, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Patrick Mardulyn, Tariq Stévart, Ling Dong, Vincent Droissart, Tania D'haijère, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine (BRLU), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Botanic Garden Meise, and Missouri Botanical Garden
Subjects: Morphology, 0106 biological sciences, Ypsilopus, Epidendroideae, Morphology (biology), Molecular phylogeny, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Vandeae, Generic recombination, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, generic recombination, Genus, Botanique systématique, morphology, East africa, Orchidaceae, molecular phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, East Africa, Evolutionary biology, Molecular phylogenetics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Previous phylogenetic analyses focused on angraecoid orchids suggested that the genus Ypsilopus was paraphyletic and that some species of Tridactyle and Rangaeris belong to a clade that included Ypsilopus. These studies, based on three to four genes, sampled few taxa in each genus, and did not include the type of Rangaeris, nor did they take morphological variation into account. To delineate Ypsilopus more precisely, we reconstructed phylogenetic relationships of the genus and seven other closely related genera by analysing sequence variation at the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS‐1) and at five plastid markers (matK, rps16, trnC‐petN intergenic spacer, trnL‐trnF intergenic spacer, ycf1), from 42 specimens representing 36 taxa. Trees based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference confirm that two species of Tridactyle are nested with three Ypsilopus species, including the type of the latter, and two species of Rangaeris are grouped with this clade. Moreover, we examined morphological variation among all species belonging to these three genera, highlighting morphological features that characterize Ypsilopus, and we used these data to assign the two species of Tridactyle included in the molecular analyses, three other species of Tridactyle not included in the molecular analyses and two species of Rangaeris to Ypsilopus. New combinations for Tridactyle citrina, T. furcistipes, T. sarcodantha, T. tanneri, T. tricuspis, Rangaeris amaniensis and R. schliebenii in Ypsilopus are thus proposed, and one new section (i.e., Ypsilopus sect. Barombiella) is described. Keys to the species of Ypsilopus and closely related genera are provided, along with a table of characters that can be used to differentiate these species.
Published: 2019

25. A third of the tropical African flora is potentially threatened with extinction

Author: Anne Blach-Overgaard, Vincent Droissart, Porter P. Lowry, Gilles Dauby, Jens-Christian Svenning, David Harris, Thomas L. P. Couvreur, Tariq Stévart, George E. Schatz, Bonaventure Sonké, Barbara A. Mackinder, Marc S.M. Sosef, Jan J. Wieringa, Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Missouri Botanical Garden, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Flora, Conservation of Natural Resources, Databases, Factual, Science Policy, Biodiversity, Endangered species, Extinction, Biological, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Threatened flora, Species extinction, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, IUCN Red List, Applied Ecology, Research Articles, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Extinction, biology, Agroforestry, Physique, Endangered Species, Extinction d'espèce, SciAdv r-articles, 15. Life on land, Plants, Astronomie, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Tanzania, 13. Climate action, Threatened species, Africa, Terrestrial ecosystem, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Research Article, Tropical flora
Abstract: Preserving tropical biodiversity is an urgent challenge when faced with the growing needs of countries. Despite their crucial importance for terrestrial ecosystems, most tropical plant species lack extinction risk assessments, limiting our ability to identify conservation priorities. Using a novel approach aligned with IUCN Red List criteria, we conducted a continental-scale preliminary conservation assessment of 22,036 vascular plant species in tropical Africa. Our results underline the high level of extinction risk of the tropical African flora. Thirty-three percent of the species are potentially threatened with extinction, and another third of species are likely rare, potentially becoming threatened in the near future. Four regions are highlighted with a high proportion (>40%) of potentially threatened species: Ethiopia, West Africa, central Tanzania, and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our approach represents a first step toward data-driven conservation assessments applicable at continental scales providing crucial information for sustainable economic development prioritization., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2019

26. Mine versus Wild : a plant conservation checklist of the rich Iron-Ore Ngovayang Massif Area (South Cameroon)

Author: Bonaventure Sonké, Olivier Lachenaud, Hermann Taedoumg, Tariq Stévart, Gyslène Kamdem, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Vincent Droissart, Steven Dessein, Gilles Dauby, K Charlemagne Nguembou, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Botanic Garden Meise, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Meise Botanic Garden [Belgium] (Plantentuin), Missouri Botanical Garden, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, IUCN protected area categories, Rare species, Biodiversity, Endangered species, Rubiaceae, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Iron and gold exploitation, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, orchids, Endemism, Submontane forest, iron and gold exploitation, 2. Zero hunger, New records, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, new records, Forestry, endangered species, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Ex situ conservation, Orchids, submontane forest, Geography, Herbarium, Important Plant Area, Threatened species, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Background and aims – The rapid expansion of human activities in South Cameroon, particularly mining in mountainous areas, threatens this region’s exceptional biodiversity. To comprehend the effects of land-use change on plant diversity and identify conservation priorities, we aim at providing a first comprehensive plant checklist of the Ngovayang Massif, focusing on the two richest plant families, Orchidaceae and Rubiaceae.Location – The Ngovayang Massif Area (NMA) is located in the South Region of Cameroon. It is covered by lowland and submontane rainforest (100 to 1110 m elevation).Methods – We compiled a dataset of 6116 georeferenced herbarium specimens, of which 2787 belong to Rubiaceae and Orchidaceae. We used rarefaction methods to explore sampling and diversity patterns, and investigated the altitudinal distribution of rare and/or threatened taxa.Key results – The NMA, which houses about 1500 vascular plant taxa, is the richest documented area for Rubiaceae in Atlantic Central Africa (ACA) and the fifth for Orchidaceae, with respectively 281 and 111 taxa. Among these taxa, 178 (45%) are endemic to ACA and 67 (17%) are considered globally threatened according to IUCN categories and criteria. We show that higher elevation areas (> 750 m), which are also the main areas targeted for mining, are the richest in endangered and/or rare species. Three new records for Cameroon are reported here.Conclusion – The NMA represents an Important Plant Area of Cameroon as confirmed by its exceptional plant diversity (> 20% of the total Flora of Cameroon), by the concentration of many threatened and/or restricted range species (10 taxa are strict endemics of the massif) as well as by the threat on rare habitats (i.e. the submontane vegetation above ~750 m elevation). A management plan involving in situ and ex situ conservation actions is urgently needed to reduce the potential threats of future mining activities.
Published: 2019

27. Taxonomy of Atlantic Central African orchids 5. A new species of Angraecum sect. Conchoglossum (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae) from Gabon and Cameroon

Author: Vladimir Ječmenica, Nausicaa Noret, Tariq Stévart, Vincent Droissart, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Missouri Botanical Garden, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Missouri Botanical Garden (USA)
Subjects: Triphoreae, Angraecoid, 0106 biological sciences, Liliopsida, Asparagales, Monts de Cristal National Park, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Angraecinae, Botany, IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, IUCN Red List, OrchidaceaeAsparagales, Plantae, Orchidaceae, Campo-Ma’an National Park, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Central Africa, Valdiviesoa, biology, AngraecumPlantae, Généralités, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Sect, Tracheophyta, Ivindo National Park, Taxon, Conservation status, Campo-Ma'an National Park, Taxonomy (biology), Polystachyinae, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Angraecum, Research Article, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Recent field inventories and taxonomic research in Central Africa have resulted in the discovery of many new orchid species. Five specimens of an apparently new Angraecum species were collected in Gabon and Cameroon. They stand out for their hanging habit and short zig-zag stem. Morphology of leaves and habit is somewhat comparable to A. cultriforme and A. stolzii, two species from East Africa. Flowers of the novelty share the general morphology of A. pyriforme from which the new species is distinguished by being smaller and with a different lip-spur ratio. Here we show that these five specimens represent a new species, described here as Angraecum lanceolatum. The distinguishing traits include thin lanceolate leaves, convolute distally, with a rhombic lip shape. Dichotomous key to four Central African species of sect. Conchoglossum and a table of the diagnostic characters of the seven related Continental African Angraecum taxa are included here. A preliminary assessment of the conservation status of A. lanceolatum is provided, using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2016

28. Remotely sensed temperature and precipitation data improve species distribution modelling in the tropics

Author: Tariq Stévart, Bonaventure Sonké, Jan J. Wieringa, Thomas L. P. Couvreur, Anne Blach-Overgaard, Vincent Deblauwe, Rituparna Bose, Vincent Droissart, B.R. Ramesh, and Jens-Christian Svenning
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Null model, Tropics, Context (language use), Cru, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Environmental niche modelling, 13. Climate action, Metric (mathematics), Environmental science, Satellite, Precipitation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Aim Species distribution modelling typically relies completely or partially on climatic variables as predictors, overlooking the fact that these are themselves predictions with associated uncertainties. This is particularly critical when such predictors are interpolated between sparse station data, such as in the tropics. The goal of this study is to provide a new set of satellite-based climatic predictor data and to evaluate its potential to improve modelled species–climate associations and transferability to novel geographical regions. Location Rain forests areas of Central Africa, the Western Ghats of India and South America. Methods We compared models calibrated on the widely used WorldClim station-interpolated climatic data with models where either temperature or precipitation data from WorldClim were replaced by data from CRU, MODIS, TRMM and CHIRPS. Each predictor set was used to model 451 plant species distributions. To test for chance associations, we devised a null model with which to compare the accuracy metric obtained for every species. Results Fewer than half of the studied rain forest species distributions matched the climatic pattern better than did random distributions. The inclusion of MODIS temperature and CHIRPS precipitation estimates derived from remote sensing each allowed for a better than random fit for respectively 40% and 22% more species than models calibrated on WorldClim. Furthermore, their inclusion was positively related to a better transferability of models to novel regions. Main conclusions We provide a newly assembled dataset of ecologically meaningful variables derived from MODIS and CHIRPS for download, and provide a basis for choosing among the plethora of available climate datasets. We emphasize the need to consider the method used in the production of climate data when working on a region with sparse meteorological station data. In this context, remote sensing data should be the preferred choice, particularly when model transferability to novel climates or inferences on causality are invoked.
Published: 2016

29. Pan-tropical prediction of forest structure from the largest trees

Author: Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy, Stephen P. Hubbell, Cintia Rodrigues de Souza, Takeshi Toma, Ben Swanepoel, Raphaël Pélissier, Donatien Zebaze, Luzmila Arroyo, Juliana Stropp, James R. Kellner, Alejandro Araujo-Murakami, Thomas E. Lovejoy, Benoît Cassart, Ben Hur Marimon Junior, James Grogan, Sebastian K. Herzog, Yadvinder Malhi, Krisna Gajapersad, José Luís Camargo, Christelle Gonmadje, Renato Valencia, Connie J. Clark, Denise Sasaki, Fabien Wagner, Francesco Rovero, Katrin Boehning-Gaese, David Kenfack, Olaf Bánki, John Terborgh, Ferry Slik, Arafat S. Mtui, Javier Silva Espejo, Hans Beeckman, Germaine Alexander Parada Gutierrez, Tinde van Andel, Luis Valenzuela, Thalès de Haulleville, Hans ter Steege, Elizabeth Kearsley, Martin J. P. Sullivan, Wilson Roberto Spironello, Rodolfo Vasque, Emmanuel H. Martin, Thomas Duncan, William F. Laurance, Jason Vleminckx, Paulus Matius, Charles De Cannière, Yves Laumonier, Ted R. Feldpausch, Andrew R. Marshall, John R. Poulsen, J. Daniel Soto, Priya Davidar, Jean François Gillet, Iêda Leão do Amaral, Papi Puspa Warsudi, Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado, Vincent A. Vos, Laurent Descroix, Nicolas Texier, Philippe Saner, Roderick Zagt, Marc P. E. Parren, Luiz Marcelo Brum Rossi, Robert Bitariho, Fernando Cornejo Valverde, Jon Lloyd, Nina Farwig, James Singh, Jean-Louis Doucet, Francis Q. Brearley, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Celso Paulo de Azevedo, Ervan Rutishauser, Johanna Hurtado, Bruno Hérault, Albert Angbonga-Basia, Jérôme Chave, David A. Neill, Jean Claude Razafimahaimodison, Pierre Ploton, Hilandia Brandão, Susan G. Laurance, Richard Condit, Roel J. W. Brienen, Jean-François Bastin, Ana Andrade, Marcos Silveira, Oliver L. Phillips, Gauthier Ligot, David B. Clark, Casimero Mendoza Bautista, Narayanan Ayyappan, Robin L. Chazdon, Hans Verbeeck, Santiago Espinosa, Jürgen Homeier, Mireille Breuer-Ndoundou Hockemba, Simon L. Lewis, Patricia Alvarez-Loyayza, Vincent Droissart, Sassan Saatchi, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Victoria Meyer, Nicolas Barbier, Wannes Hubau, Jorcely Barroso, Nicolas Labrière, Plinio Sist, Georges Chuyong, Pascal Boeckx, Hugo Romero Saltos, Antonio Ferraz, David Harris, Verginia Wortel, Pandi Vivek, Mark Schulze, Bonaventure Sonké, Jan Bogaert, Abel Monteagudo-Mendoza, Guido Pardo, Quentin Ponette, Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz, Michael Kessler, Beatriz Schwantes Marimon, Samir Gonçalves Rolim, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Koen Hufkens, Narcisse Guy Kamdem, Adeline Fayolle, Aurélie Dourdain, Christine Fletcher, Moses Libalah, B.R. Ramesh, Research Unit of Landscape Ecology and Plant Production Systems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Carbon For Expert, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Liège, University of Mary Washington, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Universidad Autonoma Gabriel René Moreno (UAGRM), Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC), School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University [Bremen], Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), School of Geography [Leeds], University of Leeds, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Buea, Department of Computer Science, King‘s College London, Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Department of Ecology-Conservation Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, AgroBioTech, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Mount Holyoke College, Royal Botanic Gardens, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (RMCA), Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Center for Conservation Education and Sustainability, MRC 705, Box 37012, Washington, DC, VA 20013-7012, USA, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), AgroParisTech, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Université de Yaoundé I, Imperial College London, Environmental Science and Policy Department and the Department of Public and International Affairs, George Mason University [Fairfax], Environmental Change Inst., School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Centre Maurice Halbwachs (CMH), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Sciences sociales ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Missouri Botanical Garden, Universidad Estatal Amazonica, Universidad Autonoma del Beni, Analytical and Biophysical Environmental Chemistry (CABE), University of Geneva, Sciences II, Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), MUSE – Science Museum of Trento, Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Amazonia Central, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), JRC Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Department of Forest Vegetation, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Laboratorio de Ecología de Plantas y Herbario QCA, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Chercheur indépendant, Computational & Applied Vegetation Ecology (CAVElab), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Biodiversity Department, Center for Agricultural Research in Suriname (CELOS), Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie [ENS Yaoudé], Université de Yaoundé I-École normale supérieure [ENS] - Yaoundé 1, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE), Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Phillips Universität (Marburg), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Zurich, Université de Yaoundé, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé]-École normale supérieure [ENS] - Yaoundé 1, Systems Ecology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], University of Oxford [Oxford], École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, 0106 biological sciences, pan-tropical, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, REDD, Rainforest, F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Basal area, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Quadratic mean diameter, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Changement climatique, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), Tree canopy, Ecology, carbon, Diameter at breast height, large trees, Tropics, 15. Life on land, Structure du peuplement, séquestration du carbone, climate change, 13. Climate action, Forêt, Environmental science, Physical geography, tropical forest ecology, REDD+, Woody plant, forest structure
Abstract: © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Aim: Large tropical trees form the interface between ground and airborne observations, offering a unique opportunity to capture forest properties remotely and to investigate their variations on broad scales. However, despite rapid development of metrics to characterize the forest canopy from remotely sensed data, a gap remains between aerial and field inventories. To close this gap, we propose a new pan-tropical model to predict plot-level forest structure properties and biomass from only the largest trees. Location: Pan-tropical. Time period: Early 21st century. Major taxa studied: Woody plants. Methods: Using a dataset of 867 plots distributed among 118 sites across the tropics, we tested the prediction of the quadratic mean diameter, basal area, Lorey's height, community wood density and aboveground biomass (AGB) from the ith largest trees. Results: Measuring the largest trees in tropical forests enables unbiased predictions of plot- and site-level forest structure. The 20 largest trees per hectare predicted quadratic mean diameter, basal area, Lorey's height, community wood density and AGB with 12, 16, 4, 4 and 17.7% of relative error, respectively. Most of the remaining error in biomass prediction is driven by differences in the proportion of total biomass held in medium-sized trees (50–70 cm diameter at breast height), which shows some continental dependency, with American tropical forests presenting the highest proportion of total biomass in these intermediate-diameter classes relative to other continents. Main conclusions: Our approach provides new information on tropical forest structure and can be used to generate accurate field estimates of tropical forest carbon stocks to support the calibration and validation of current and forthcoming space missions. It will reduce the cost of field inventories and contribute to scientific understanding of tropical forest ecosystems and response to climate change.
Published: 2018

30. New phylogenetic insights toward developing a natural generic classification of African angraecoid orchids (Vandeae, Orchidaceae)

Author: Olivier J. Hardy, Molly B. Edwards, Eberhard Fischer, Vladimir Ječmenica, Barbara S. Carlsward, Porter P. Lowry, Benny Bytebier, Vincent Droissart, Simon Verlynde, Gregory M. Plunkett, Laura N. Azandi, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Tariq Stévart, Florent Martos, Tania D'haijère, Bonaventure Sonké, João N.M. Farminhão, Claire Micheneau, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), New York Botanical Garden, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie, Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé], Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Evolution Biologique et Ecologie, Université de Bruxelles, Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Yaoundé I, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), U.S. National Science Foundation [1051547], Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (F.R.S-FNRS) [FRFC 2.4.577.10, MIS 4.519.10], American Orchid Society, National Geographic Society [C303-15], Erasmus Mundus Tropimundo MSc scholarship, FRIA-FNRS, DIVEAC, ECOFAC, Central Africa Regional Program of the Environment (CARPE), 'Sud Expert Plantes' project under the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs [375], 'Akademie der Wissenschaften und Literaur Mainz' (Germany), and National Research Foundation of South Africa
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Paraphyly, DNA, Plant, Campylocentrum, Molecular phylogeny, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Vandeae, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Polyphyly, Angraecinae, Genetics, Paleotropics, Angraecopsis, Orchidaceae, Molecular Biology, Indian Ocean, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, biology, Bayes Theorem, Sequence Analysis, DNA, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Aerangis, Epidendroideae, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Angraecum, Angraecoid orchids
Abstract: International audience; Despite significant progress made in recent years toward developing an infrafamilial classification of Orchidaceae, our understanding of relationships among and within tribal and subtribal groups of epidendroid orchids remains incomplete. To reassess generic delimitation among one group of these epidendroids, the African angraecoids, phylogenetic relationships were inferred from DNA sequence data from three regions, ITS, matK, and the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer, obtained from a broadly representative sample of taxa. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses yielded highly resolved trees that are in clear agreement and show significant support for many key clades within subtribe Angraecinae s.l. Angraecoid orchids comprise two well-supported clades: an African/American group and an Indian Ocean group. Molecular results also support many previously proposed relationships among genera, but also reveal some unexpected relationships. The genera Aerangis, Ancistrorhynchus, Bolusiella, Campylocentrum, Cyrtorchis, Dendrophylax, Eurychone, Microcoelia, Nephrangis, Podangis and Solenangis are all shown to be monophyletic, but Angraecopsis, Diaphananthe and Margelliantha are polyphyletic. Diaphananthe forms three well-supported clades, one of which might represent a new genus, and Rhipidoglossum is paraphyletic with respect to Cribbia and Rhaesteria, and also includes taxa currently assigned to Margelliantha. Tridactyle too is paraphyletic as Eggelingia is embedded within it. The large genus Angraecum is confirmed to be polyphyletic and several groups will have to be recognized as separate genera, including sections Dolabrifolia and Hadrangis. The recently segregated genus Pectinariella (previously recognized as A. sect. Pectinaria) is polyphyletic and its Continental African species will have to be removed. Similarly, some of the species recently transferred to Angraecoides that were previously placed in Angraecum sects. Afrangraecum and Conchoglossum will have to be moved and described as a new genus.
Published: 2018

31. Afropectinariella (Vandeae, Orchidaceae), a new genus of the Angraecum alliance

Author: Vincent Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Tariq Stévart, Murielle Simo-Droissart, University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie, Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé], Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université de Yaoundé I, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), American Orchid Society National Science Foundation (NSF) 1051547 Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS FRFC 2.4.577.10 MIS 4.519.10 DIVEAC ECOFAC Central Africa Regional Program of the Environment (CARPE) French Ministry of Foreign Affairs 375, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, Pectinaria, Short Communication, Liliopsida, Asparagales, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Vandeae, Monophyly, taxonomy, food, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Polyphyly, lcsh:Botany, Botany, Clade, Plantae, Orchidaceae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, biology, Cenozoic, Continental Africa, Généralités, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, lcsh:QK1-989, phylogenetics, Phylogenetics, Tracheophyta, Angiospermae, Angraecum, Africa, Taxonomy (biology), continental Africa, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Angraecoid orchids, Malagasy and Indian Ocean islands, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: A recent phylogenetic study showed that species assigned to the newly recognised genus Pectinariella Szlach. Mytnik & Grochocka (previously treated as Angraecum Bory sect. Pectinaria Benth.) are polyphyletic, comprising a clade with species primarily in Madagascar and the Western Indian Ocean islands (including the type) and another non-sister clade whose members occur in continental Africa and the Gulf of Guinea islands. In order to render Pectinariella monophyletic, the five continental African species must therefore be removed. A new genus, Afropectinariella M. Simo & Stévart, is described and the following combinations are made: Afropectinariella atlantica (Stévart & Droissart) M. Simo & Stévart, Afropectinariella doratophylla (Summerh.) M. Simo & Stévart, Afropectinariella gabonensis (Summerh.) M. Simo & Stévart, Afropectinariella pungens (Schltr.) M. Simo & Stévart and Afropectinariella subulata (Lindl.) M. Simo & Stévart., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2018

32. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Bolusiella (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae)

Author: Molly B. Edwards, Simon Verlynde, Gregory M. Plunkett, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Vincent Droissart, Tariq Stévart, Cyrille A. D’Haese, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Missouri Botanical Garden, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], New York Botanical Garden, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MECADEV), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Plant Science, Subspecies, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA sequencing, Homology (biology), 03 medical and health sciences, Monophyly, Phylogenetic, Static homology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, classification methods, Angraecinae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Orchidaceae, Phylogenetic classification methods, Bolusiella, biology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Molecular phylogenetics, Africa, Dynamic homology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Angraecoid orchids
Abstract: International audience; Recent molecular studies have suggested the monophyly of Bolusiella, a small orchid genus comprising five species and one subspecies from Continental Africa, but sampling has been limited. Using the species delimitation presented in the recent taxonomic revision of the genus, this study aimed to confirm the monophyly of Bolusiella and assess the interspecific relationships using a comprehensive sampling and various analytical methods. DNA sequences of one nuclear spacer region (ITS-1) and five plastid regions (matK, rps16, trnL–trnF, trnC–petN, and ycf1) from 20 specimens representing all five species of the genus were analyzed using static homology, dynamic homology, and Bayesian methods. The monophyly of both the genus Bolusiella and each of its five species was confirmed, corroborating the previously published taxonomic revision. The use of dynamic homology methods was not conclusive for this particular group. The results of the total evidence analysis (combining all six sequence regions) using the dynamic homology approach yielded a slightly different hypothesis regarding interspecific relationships (namely the exchange of B. talbotii and Bolusiella iridifolia as the earliest diverging lineage), probably because the nodes in question are supported by a small subset of conflicting characters, compared to the hypotheses resulting from the static homology and Bayesian methods, which are congruent with the results of previous studies.
Published: 2018

33. A revised concept of Rhipidoglossum (Angraecinae, Orchidaceae)

Author: Vincent Droissart, Pierre Jacques Meerts, Pascal Descourvières, Tariq Stévart, João N.M. Farminhão, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Lab Plant Ecol & Biogeochem, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), University of Yaoundé [Cameroun], Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, National Science Foundation (NSF) 1051547 TROPIMUNDO Erasmus Mundus Category B scholarship Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique - FNRS American Orchid Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Paraphyly, Orchid taxonomy, Diaphananthe, Monocots, Epidendroideae, Plant Science, Evolution des espèces, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Vandeae, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Genus, Angraecinae, Cribbia, orchid taxonomy, stigmatic callus, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Angraecopsis, angraecoids, Ecologie, biology, Angraecoids, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Rhaesteria, Sphyrarhynchus, Mystacidium, Herbarium, Evolutionary biology, African orchids, Margelliantha, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Botanique générale, Stigmatic callus, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Following the production of a near-comprehensive generic phylogenetic analysis of African angraecoid orchids, paraphyly of the genus Rhipidoglossum relative to Cribbia, Margelliantha and Rhaesteria was in need of being resolved by integrating morphological observations into this newly available molecular framework. Accordingly, we critically revised the diagnostic traits of each genus by examining about 700 herbarium specimens ascribable to 50 species of Rhipidoglossum and its satellite genera. Cribbia, Margelliantha and Rhaesteria are here lumped with Rhipidoglossum, along with Angraecopsis pusilla and Diaphananthe millarii. The presence of pollinaria with two separate disk-shaped viscidia, a trilobed, non-papillate rostellum with midlobe more prominent than lateral lobes and an undivided lip are diagnostic of this more inclusive concept of Rhipidoglossum. In line with this new taxonomic arrangement, 11 new combinations in Rhipidoglossum are made, and Margelliantha lebelii is moved to Diaphananthe and first reported for Uganda., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2018

34. Shift in functional traits along soil fertility gradient reflects non-random community assembly in a tropical African rainforest

Author: Olivier J. Hardy, Duncan W. Thomas, Thomas Drouet, Bonaventure Sonké, Pierre Couteron, George B. Chuyong, Vincent Droissart, David Kenfack, Moses Libalah, David S. Pescador, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Yaoundé, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute - CTFS ForestGEO, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington State University (WSU), University of Buea, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Yaoundé I, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Specific leaf area, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Species distribution, Plant Science, Rainforest, Biology, Abiotic filtering, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, INTRASPECIFIC TRENDS, cameroun, Cameroon, Abiotic component, KORUP NATIONAL PARK, Ecology, ABIOTIC FILTERING, LEAF TRAITS, Edaphic, 15. Life on land, Intraspecific trends, Korup National Park, Leaf traits, Trait, CAMEROON, Soil fertility, Quadrat, Biologie, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Background and aims – There is increasing recognition that plant traits mediate environmental influence on species distribution, justifying non-random community assembly. We studied the influence of local scale edaphic factors on the distribution of functional traits in a tropical rainforest of Cameroon with the aim to find correlations between the main edaphic gradient and community functional trait metrics (weighted mean trait, functional divergence and intraspecific variation). Methods – Within the Korup Forest Dynamics Plot (50 ha), we randomly selected 44 quadrats of 0.04 ha each, collected soils and analysed 11 topography and soil variables. Leaves were harvested from all 98 tree species found in the quadrats to calculate community trait metrics [quadrat-level weighted mean (qk) and functional divergence (FDivk)] for leaf area (LA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf phosphorus (LPC), leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) and nitrogen to phosphorus ratio (N:P ratio). We examined relationships between the main edaphic gradient with qk, with FDivk and with intraspecific variation and interpreted correlations as the effects of abiotic filtering and competitive interaction. Key results – Soil fertility was the main edaphic gradient and was significantly correlated with qk for LPC, LNC and LA and with FDivk for LPC, N:P ratio, LA and SLA, confirming the influence of abiotic filtering and competitive interaction by the soil fertility gradient, respectively. For a given trait, quadrats were either over-dispersed or under-dispersed, accounting for 7–33 % of non-random trait distribution along the soil fertility gradient. Trends in intraspecific traits variation were consistently lower than quadrat-level mean traits along the soil fertility gradient. Conclusions – This study demonstrates the influence of soil fertility gradient on local scale community trait distribution and its contribution to non-random community assembly., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2017

35. Taxonomy of Atlantic Central African orchids, 6: three new species of Angraecum sect. Afrangraecum (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae) from Gabon and São Tomé

Author: Tariq Stévart, Eric Akouangou, Vladimir Ječmenica, Bakita Bakita, Christelle Nyangala, Vincent Droissart, Jean Philippe Biteau, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique (CENAREST), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Domein van Bouchout, National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Missouri Botanical Garden, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), CENAREST, and Missouri Botanical Garden (USA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Formoso Grande, Ndjolé, Massif du Chaillu, Monocots, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Mont Song, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Angraecinae, IUCN Red List, IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Ôbo National Park, Gabon, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bombaim, Orchidaceae, Central Africa, biology, Ecology, Io Grande valley, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Sect, Angraecoid orchid, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Conservation status, Taxonomy (biology), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Angraecum, Sao Tomé
Abstract: International audience; Three new species of Angraecum sect. Afrangraecum from Central Africa are here described and illustrated. They are morphologically similar to A. affine and A. cribbianum. Two of them, A. gereauanum and A. geerinckianum, are only known from Massif du Chaillu in Gabon and appear to be closely related based on morphological and preliminary molecular evidence. The third species, A. oliveirae, is endemic to São Tomé. A dichotomous key to all fourteen species of A. sect. Afrangraecum and a table with the distinguishing characters of the three new species and closely allied taxa are provided. A preliminary assessment of the conservation status of the new species is also presented, using the IUCN Red List categories and criteria.
Published: 2017

36. Toward a general tropical forest biomass prediction model from very high resolution optical satellite images

Author: Christophe Proisy, Pierre Couteron, Cécile Antin, David Kenfack, S.T. Momo, Duncan W. Thomas, Gislain Ii Mofack, Nicolas Barbier, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Jean-Philippe Gastellu-Etchegorry, Jean-François Bastin, N. Barathan, Narcisse Guy Kamdem, P. Petronelli, N. Balachandran, P. Verley, Uta Berger, Gilles Dauby, D. Zebaze Dongmo, Pierre Ploton, S. Pargal, Nicolas Texier, Raphaël Pélissier, Moses Libalah, Vincent Droissart, Georges Chuyong, Bonaventure Sonké, N. Ayyappan, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), AgroParisTech, Institut Français de Pondichéry (IFP), Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Unit of Landscape Ecology and Plant Production Systems, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Buéa, Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Evolutionary Biology and Ecology [ULB], Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africain, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie [ENS Yaoudé], Université de Yaoundé I-École normale supérieure [ENS] - Yaoundé 1, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Washington State University (WSU), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), ANR-12-EBID-0002, European Project: 266546,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ERANET-2010-RTD,BIODIVERSA2(2010), Institut des sciences et industries du vivant et de l'environnement (ISIVE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (MEAE), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé]-École normale supérieure [ENS] - Yaoundé 1, Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Tropical forests, forêt tropicale, Imagerie par satellite, Residual, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Basal area, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Lacunarity, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomasse, Dynamique des populations, Satellite imagery, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Inventaire forestier, Geology, Tropical forest biomass, Forêt, Fourier transform, Ordination, Passive optical imagery, Télédétection, REDD, Soil Science, Structural basin, 010603 evolutionary biology, Texture, Computers in Earth Sciences, Ressource forestière, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, model, Méthode statistique, Tropics, Modèle de simulation, 15. Life on land, Forest carbon, Environmental science, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Canopy structure, satellite images
Abstract: International audience; Very high spatial resolution (VHSR) optical satellite imagery has shown good potential to provide non-saturating proxies of tropical forest aboveground biomass (AGB) from the analysis of canopy texture, for instance through the Fourier Transform Textural Ordination method. Empirical case studies however showed that the relationship between Fourier texture features and forest AGB varies across forest types and regions of the world, limiting model transferability. A better understanding of the biophysical mechanisms on which canopy texture – forest AGB relation relies is a prerequisite to move toward broad scale applications. Here we simulated VHSR optical canopy scenes in identical sun-sensor geometry for 279 1-ha tropical forest inventory plots distributed across the tropics. Our aim was to assess the respective merits and complementarity of two types of texture analysis techniques (i.e. Fourier and lacunarity) on a set of forests with contrasted structure and geographical origin, and develop a general texture-based approach for tropical forest AGB mapping. Across forests, Fourier texture captured a gradient of stands mean crown size reflecting well the progressive changes in stand structure throughout forest aggradation phase (e.g. Pearson's r=−0.42 with basal area) while lacunarity texture captured a gradient of canopy openness (, i.e. Pearson's r=−0.57 with stand gap fraction). Both types of texture indices were highly complementary for predicting forest AGB at the global level (so-called FL-model). The residual error of the FL-model was structured across sites and could be partially captured with a bioclimatic proxy, further improving the performance of the global model (so-called FLE-model) and reducing site-level biases. The FLE model was tested on a set of real Pleiades images covering a mosaic of high-biomass forests in the Congo basin (mean AGB over 49 field plots: 359±98Mgha−1), leading to a significant relationship (R2=0.47 on validation data) with reasonable error levels (
Published: 2017

37. Exploring the floristic diversity of tropical Africa

Author: Marc S. M. Sosef, Gilles Dauby, Anne Blach-Overgaard, Xander van der Burgt, Luís Catarino, Theo Damen, Vincent Deblauwe, Steven Dessein, John Dransfield, Vincent Droissart, Maria Cristina Duarte, Henry Engledow, Geoffrey Fadeur, Rui Figueira, Roy E. Gereau, Olivier J. Hardy, David J. Harris, Janneke de Heij, Steven Janssens, Yannick Klomberg, Alexandra C. Ley, Barbara A. Mackinder, Pierre Meerts
Published: 2017
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38. Taxonomic Revision of the Continental African Species of Angraecum Section Pectinaria (Orchidaceae)

Author: Gregory M. Plunkett, Tariq Stévart, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Claire Micheneau, Vincent Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Porter P. Lowry, Olivier J. Hardy, and Daniel Geerinck
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, biology, Ecology, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Type species, Monophyly, food, Pectinaria, Genus, Polyphyly, parasitic diseases, Threatened species, Genetics, Conservation status, Angraecum, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Angraecum, the largest genus of the angraecoid orchids, has long been regarded as a natural group possessing a common overall floral morphology, although recent molecular studies have called into question its monophyly. No recent taxonomic revision is available for the genus or its sections, and previous studies (whether based on morphology or DNA sequences) have suffered from a paucity of material from continental Africa. An earlier study suggested that the section Pectinaria was polyphyletic, with one clade, containing the type species, centered in Madagascar and the other in continental Africa. Our recent morphometric and molecular study confirmed the polyphyly of this section, clarified the circumscription of its continental African species, and assessed their monophyly. Here we present a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the five continental African members of Angraecum section Pectinaria, including an identification key, distribution maps, and an assessment of their conservation status (two are threatened, one could become threatened in the near future, and two do not meet the criteria for threatened status). Species richness is highest in Atlantic Central Africa, and A. gabonense is reported for the first time from Equatorial Guinea. Lectotypifications are made for A. pungens, A. subulatum and its synonym, A. canaliculatum.
Published: 2014

39. Contrasted allometries between stem diameter, crown area, and tree height in five tropical biogeographic areas

Author: Vincent Droissart, Vanessa Hequet, Nicolas Texier, Philippe Birnbaum, Hervé Vandrot, Narcisse Guy Kamdem, Donatien Zebaze, Robin Pouteau, Pierre Couteron, Pierre Ploton, Thomas Boutreux, Moses Libalah, Elodie Blanchard, Thomas Ibanez, Cécile Antin, Nicolas Barbier, Grégoire Vincent, Bonaventure Sonké, Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie, Université de Yaoundé I, Laboratoire de Botanique systématique et d'Ecologie [ENS Yaoudé], Université de Yaoundé I-École normale supérieure [ENS] - Yaoundé 1, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé], Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé]-École normale supérieure [ENS] - Yaoundé 1, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Lumière du jour, 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physiology, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, forêt tropicale, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes, 01 natural sciences, Allométrie, Tree architecture, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Tronc, Crown light exposure, Ecology, Forestry, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Houppier, Anatomie végétale, Forêt, Ontogeny, Écosystème forestier, Tree species, Rainforest, F40 - Écologie végétale, Biogéographie, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Stem size, Croissance, Power function, Scaling, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Allometry, Morphologie végétale, Ecologie, Niche differentiation, 15. Life on land, Tropical forest, Physical geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Across five biogeographic areas, DBH-CA allometry was characterized by inter-site homogeneity and intra-site heterogeneity, whereas the reverse was observed for DBH-H allometry. Tree crowns play a central role in stand dynamics. Remotely sensed canopy images have been shown to allow inferring stand structure and biomass which suggests that allometric scaling between stems and crowns may be tight, although insufficiently investigated to date. Here, we report the first broad-scale assessment of stem vs. crown scaling exponents using measurements of bole diameter (DBH), total height (H), and crown area (CA) made on 4148 trees belonging to 538 species in five biogeographic areas across the wet tropics. Allometries were fitted with power functions using ordinary least-squares regressions on log-transformed data. The inter-site variability and intra-site (sub-canopy vs. canopy trees) variability of the allometries were evaluated by comparing the scaling exponents. Our results indicated that, in contrast to both DBH-H and H-CA allometries, DBH-CA allometry shows no significant inter-site variation. This fairly invariant scaling calls for increased effort in documenting crown sizes as part of tree morphology. Stability in DBH-CA allometry, indeed, suggests that some universal constraints are sufficiently pervasive to restrict the exponent variation to a narrow range. In addition, our results point to inverse changes in the scaling exponent of the DBH-CA vs. DBH-H allometries when shifting from sub-canopy to canopy trees, suggesting a change in carbon allocation when a tree reaches direct light. These results pave the way for further advances in our understanding of niche partitioning in tree species, tropical forest dynamics, and to estimate AGB in tropical forests from remotely sensed images.
Published: 2016

40. Rhipidoglossum montealenense (Orchidaceae), a new species from Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon

Author: Bonaventure Sonké, Pascal Descourvières, Valérie Cawoy, Tariq Stévart, Jean-Yves Dubuisson, Phillip Cribb, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Vincent Droissart, Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, IUCN protected area categories, CONSERVATION, Endangered species, Atlantic Central Africa, Rhipidoglossum, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, ANGRAECOIDS, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 030308 mycology & parasitology, taxonomy, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, IUCN Red List, Cameroon, 14. Life underwater, Orchidaceae, 0303 health sciences, IUCN Categories and Criteria, biology, Ecology, Angraecoids, IUCN CATEGORIES AND CRITERIA, conservation, Diaphananthe, RHIPIDOGLOSSUM, ORCHIDACEAE, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, TAXONOMY, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Taxon, Herbarium, EQUATORIAL GUINEA, Equatorial Guinea, CAMEROON, Conservation status, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ATLANTIC CENTRAL AFRICA
Abstract: Background and aims - While conducting a taxonomic revision of the genera Diaphananthe and Rhipidoglossum (Orchidaceae), a new taxon from Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon was discovered, and is formally described here. Methods - A comparison of about 800 specimens with the nomenclatural types and the specimens housed at BR, BRLU, K, P, WAG and YA herbaria was undertaken in order to confirm the taxonomical status of the new taxon. Its conservation status was assessed using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Key results - Rhipidoglossum montealenense Descourvieres, Stevart & P.J.Cribb sp. nov., here described and illustrated, is endemic to Rio Muni (Equatorial Guinea) and southern Cameroon. The species is found in the mountainous area situated along the transition from the coastal and to the continental regions of Atlantic Central Africa. It is close to R. melianthum but differs by its decurrent petals, a small ovary and a comparatively short spur. The species also differs from R. paucifolium by its elliptical lip lacking a callus and by rounded to subacute sepals and petals, and from R. rutilum by its short leaf internodes. The species is considered as Endangered according to IUCN Categories and Criteria. Its survival in situ will likely depend on the maintenance of the subpopulation in the Monte Alen National Park. © 2013 National Botanic Garden of Belgium and Royal Botanical Society of Belgium.
Published: 2013

41. A taxonomic revision of Angraecum section Dolabrifolia (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae), with the description of a new species from Gabon

Author: Murielle Simo-Droissart, Tariq Stévart, Porter P. Lowry, Bonaventure Sonké, Vincent Droissart, Daniel Geerinck, Université de Yaoundé I, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College (HTTC), Université deYaoundé I, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Missouri Botanical Garden, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, IUCN Red List categories and criteria, Identification key, Monocots, Distribution map, Plant Science, Biology, categories and criteria, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Monophyly, distribution map, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, identification key, Genus, Polyphyly, Angraecinae, West and Central Africa, IUCN Red List, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Angraecum, Angraecoid orchids
Abstract: International audience; Despite a paucity of material available from continental Africa, previous morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested that Angraecum, the largest genus of the angraecoid orchids, is polyphyletic. A recent study based on broad sampling from the region confirmed the monophyly of section Dolabrifolia and a clear delimitation of four of its five members, one of which represents a new species. Based on these results, a comprehensive taxonomic revision of Angraecum sect. Dolabrifolia is presented here. It includes an identification key and a detailed description of each species, along with color photographs, distribution maps, information on habitat and phenology, and a preliminary risk of extinction assessment according to the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. Species richness in the section is highest in Atlantic Central Africa and around the Albertine Rift. The new species, A. biteaui, is described and illustrated with line drawings. It most closely resembles A. aporoides in general aspect but differs in both foliar and floral characters, and is only known from lowland forests in Gabon.
Published: 2016

42. Morphometrics and molecular phylogenetics of Angraecum section Dolabrifolia (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae)

Author: Gregory M. Plunkett, Porter P. Lowry, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Olivier J. Hardy, Vincent Droissart, Claire Micheneau, Tariq Stévart, Bonaventure Sonké, Université de Yaoundé I, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College (HTTC), Université deYaoundé I, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), UFR des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion (UR), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Missouri Botanical Garden, Laboratoire de Génétique et Ecologie Végétales, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Université de Bruxelles, New York Botanical Garden (NYBG), Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Domein van Bouchout, National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), and Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, food.ingredient, Angraecum distichum, Zoology, Angraecum aporoides, Plant Science, Angraecum podochiloides, Bayesian analyses, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Angraecum bancoense, 03 medical and health sciences, food, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Pectinaria, Angraecinae, Monophyly, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Continental Africa, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Molecular phylogenetics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Angraecum, Angraecoid orchids, Morphometrics, Parsimony
Abstract: International audience; Species delimitation within Angraecum section Dolabrifolia is problematic due to morphological variability coupled with overlap in many of the characters traditionally used to distinguish species. Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of the genus included three of the five currently described species of the Dolabrifolia group, placing them as sister to continental African species of Angraecum sect. Pectinaria. In preparation for a taxonomic revision of section Dolabrifolia, we analyzed morphological and molecular data to re-assess the circumscription of each of the five currently described species, examined the relationships among members of the section, and assessed their position within the genus. We used 172 alcohol-preserved specimens to perform multivariate analyses on 15 morphological characters. We also collected molecular sequence data from 16 taxa including all members of the section using six DNA regions, and analyzed these data with parsimony and Bayesian methods. The morphometric study revealed five distinct groups, of which four correspond to currently recognized species, while the fifth represents a taxonomic novelty. Angraecum podochiloides is the most distinctive morphologically, recognizable by its narrow leaves bearing white-yellowish flowers. The often confused species Angraecum distichum and Angraecum bancoense are clearly distinguishable by flower size. Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicated that section Dolabrifolia forms a well-supported clade related to the continental African members of section Pectinaria. Four species are well delimited, while the accessions of Angraecum aporoides formed two well-supported clades corresponding to two subclusters revealed by the morphometric study. The recently published Angraecum poppendickianum is shown to be a synonym of A. distichum.
Published: 2016

43. Hymenophyllum senterreanum Dubuisson & Deblauwe, sp. nov. (Hymenophyllaceae) and its relatives in western Central Africa

Author: Jean-Yves Dubuisson, Vincent Deblauwe, Vincent Droissart, Sabine Hennequin, Biologie Intégrative des Populations, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Systematic, IUCN protected area categories, Endangered species, Plant Science, Rainforest, Hymenophyllaceae, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Hymenophyllum senterreanum, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Genus, Fern, Cameroon, Campo-Ma’an National Park, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Ecology, Hymenophyllum, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Monte Alén National Park, 030104 developmental biology, Equatorial Guinea, Key (lock), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The fern genus Hymenophyllum (Hymenophyllaceae) so far encompassed not more than five species in western Central Africa. New investigations into BRLU and P collections on Hymenophyllaceae specimens collected in western Central Africa allowed us to identify a new species for the area. The species Hymenophyllum senterreanum sp. nov. displays indusia with an original and particular campanulate-like shape, usually observed in the distinct trichomanoid lineage. It seems endemic to sub-montane rainforests of coastal west-south Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea, and is currently known only from four localities. The novelty is considered as Endangered according to IUCN Categories and Criteria. An updated key is proposed for the genus Hymenophyllum for the region.
Published: 2016

44. Pistes pour l'étude de la distribution des peuplements de Gilbertiodendron dewevrei comme signature des impacts climatiques ou anthropiques anciens

Author: Nicolas Barbier, Moise Libalah, John Katembo, Pierre Ploton, Vincent Droissart, Nicolas Texier, Narcisse Kamdem, Gaelle Viennois, Raphaël Pélissier, Pierre Couteron, Faustin Boyemba, Bonaventure Sonke, Saulieu, Geoffroy de (ed.), Elouga, M. (ed.), Sonké, B. (ed.), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Yaoundé I, Université de Kisangani, Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College (HTTC), Université deYaoundé I, Geoffroy de Saulieu, M. Elouga, Bonaventure Sonké, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé]
Subjects: Ecologie historique, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Cartographie, Distribution des peuplements, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Impact climatique
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2016

45. Synoptic revision of the genus Cyrtorchis Schltr. (Angraecinae, Orchidaceae) in Central Africa, with the description of a new species restricted to submontane vegetation

Author: Laura Azandi, Tariq Stévart, Murielle Simo-Droissart, Marie Louise M.L. Avana, Vincent Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé], Faculté des Sciences - Université de Dschang [Cameroun], Université de Dschang, Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Yaoundé I, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cyrtorchis, Endangered species, Identification key, Monocots, Central African rainforest, Homocolleticon, Plant Science, Biology, Subspecies, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, shadehouses network, taxonomy, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Angraecinae, IUCN Red List, Shadehouses network, Orchidaceae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy, Ecology, new records, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Taxon, Herbarium, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Angraecoid orchids, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; As a preliminary step to the taxonomic revision of the genus Cyrtorchis, a synoptic revision of the species occurring in Central Africa was undertaken. Based on a detailed examination of 1,039 herbarium specimens, including nomenclatural types, we have recognized 14 species in Central Africa (one of which is divided into two subspecies), including one new species that the study brought to light, described here as Cyrtorchis submontana. The new species closely resembles C. guillaumetii and C. brownii in general aspect, but differs from them in having thinner, small elliptic leaves and shorter, fewer-flowered, more lax inflorescences with shorter bracts. The species is restricted to submontane vegetation of Central Africa and is assessed as Endangered following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Cyrtorchis latibracteata and C. subcylindrifolia are lectotypified, and the latter is placed as a synonym under C. henriquesiana. Many new records are reported, and for each taxon the distribution, habitat and ecology are given. An identification key for the Central African taxa is also provided
Published: 2016

46. Four new orchid species from the Lengguru fold belt, West Papua, Indonesia

Author: André Schuiteman, Lina Susanti Juswara, Vincent Droissart, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Herbarium Nederland, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Systematic, Taeniophyllum, Asparagales, Triton Bay, Plant Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Dendrobium, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Limestone karst, Plantae, Orchidaceae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Taxonomy, biology, Ecology, Kaimana Regency, Botany, Généralités, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, limestone karst, Bulbophyllum, Herbarium, Taxon, Geography, Habitat, Conservation status, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Kumawa Forest Reserve, Research Article
Abstract: Bulbophyllum leucoglossum, Dendrobium centrosepalum, Dendrobium taeniocaule, and Taeniophyllum pyriforme are here described as new species, based on herbarium specimens collected from the Lengguru foldand- thrust belt in the West Papua Bird's neck, Indonesian New Guinea. All four novelties were found growing in submontane forest (elevation > 1000 m a.s.l.) on limestone karst. Information concerning the distribution and habitat for these taxa is provided along with diagnostic features, line drawings, high resolution photographs, and a map of collecting localities. More field studies are required to find additional populations of these new species, in order to better characterize their habitat, ecology and conservation status., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2016

47. Notes taxonomiques et chorologiques sur quelques Orchidaceae endémiques d'Afrique centrale atlantique

Author: Tariq Stévart, Benedict John Pollard, Porter P. Lowry, Vincent Droissart, Bonaventure Sonké, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie, Université de Yaoundé I, Missouri Botanical Garden, The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Royal Botanic Gardens [Kew], Herbarieum et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Service Evolution Biologique et Ecologie -Faculté des Sciences, ECOFAC (CE, DG8), DIVEAC (CUD-ULB), CARPE (USAID), de l'American Orchid Society (AOS), Fonds de la Recherche scientifique (FNRS), Fonds Van Buuren, de la Communauté française de Belgique et du Fonds Léopold III, Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé], Missouri Botanical Garden (USA), Royal Botanic Garden , Kew, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: conservation assessments, 0106 biological sciences, SDE:BE:BEC, Insecta, Orchidaceae, Atlantic Central Africa, Conservation assessments, Neotypification, New records, Synonymy, Afrique centrale atlantique, Statuts de conservation, Néotypification, Nouvelles signalisations, Synonymie, Liliopsida, synonymy, Asparagales, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Curculionidae, neotypification, Plantae, Ancistrorhynchus, biology, Ecology, new records, Biodiversity, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Rhabdocoela, Bulbophyllum mayombeense, [SDE.BE.BEC]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology/domain_sde.be.bec, Botanique, Coleoptera, Rhabditophora, Botanics, Arthropoda, 010603 evolutionary biology, Animalia, Ancistrorhynchus capitatus, Endemism, Taxonomy, Central africa, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Bulbophyllum, Tracheophyta, Platyhelminthes, Epiphyte, Gnathorhynchidae, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: En 1997, le manque de données disponibles sur les Orchidaceae Juss. d'Afrique centrale atlantique et l'importance des menaces pesant sur la forêt africaine, comme sur les épiphytes qu'elles abritent, nous ont amenés à entreprendre une vaste campagne d'échantillonnage sur l'ensemble de cette région. L'examen du matériel récolté et des collections historiques a permis des avancées taxonomiques sur un grand nombre d'espèces endémiques de la région, ou jusqu'à présent considérées comme telles, et a abouti à la mise à jour de leurs aires de distribution. Des mises en synonymie sont proposées : Ancistrorhynchus constrictus Szlach. & Olszewski est inclus dans Ancistrorhynchus capitatus (Lindl.) Summerh. ; Bulbophyllum mayombeense Garay est mis en synonymie de Bulbophyllum schinzianum Kraenzl. var. schinzianum ; et Bulbophyllum kupense P.J.Cribb & B.J.Pollard devient synonyme de Bulbophyllum teretifolium Schltr. Une néotypification est faite pour cette dernière espèce, de même que pour Liparis goodyeroides Schltr. La distribution géographique de plusieurs taxons est modifiée : Aerangis megaphylla Summerh. est bien endémique de l'île d'Annobon, Polystachya superposita Rchb.f. est de nouveau considéré comme endémique du Cameroun et Liparis suborbicularis Summerh. n'est plus signalé qu_au Nigeria et au Cameroun. Trois nouvelles signalisations sont mentionnées : Aerangis bouarensis Chiron pour le Cameroun, Bulbophyllum schinzianum Kraenzl. var. schinzianum pour la République du Congo et Liparis goodyeroides Schltr. pour le Liberia. Les statuts de conservation selon les catégories et critères de l'IUCN sont donnés pour chaque taxon.
Published: 2012

48. Closing a gap in tropical forest biomass estimation: accounting for crown mass variation in pantropical allometries

Author: Raphaël Pélissier, Donatien Zebaze, Maxime Réjou-Méchain, Adeline Fayolle, Vincent Droissart, Gilles Dauby, F. Boyemba Bosela, Vivien Rossi, Alfred Ngomanda, Matieu Henry, Moses Libalah, Nicolas Texier, Narcisse Guy Kamdem, Georges Chuyong, J. Katembo Mukirania, Nicolas Barbier, Uta Berger, Pierre Ploton, Duncan W. Thomas, Rosa C. Goodman, Bonaventure Sonké, David Kenfack, Pierre Couteron, and Stéphane Takoudjou Momo
Subjects: Estimation, Biomass (ecology), Crown (botany), Mass variation, Pantropical, Forestry, Biology, Tropical forest, Closing (morphology)
Abstract: Accurately monitoring tropical forest carbon stocks is an outstanding challenge. Allometric models that consider tree diameter, height and wood density as predictors are currently used in most tropical forest carbon studies. In particular, a pantropical biomass model has been widely used for approximately a decade, and its most recent version will certainly constitute a reference in the coming years. However, this reference model shows a systematic bias for the largest trees. Because large trees are key drivers of forest carbon stocks and dynamics, understanding the origin and the consequences of this bias is of utmost concern. In this study, we compiled a unique tree mass dataset on 673 trees measured in five tropical countries (101 trees > 100 cm in diameter) and an original dataset of 130 forest plots (1 ha) from central Africa to quantify the error of biomass allometric models at the individual and plot levels when explicitly accounting or not accounting for crown mass variations. We first showed that the proportion of crown to total tree aboveground biomass is highly variable among trees, ranging from 3 to 88 %. This proportion was constant on average for trees < 10 Mg (mean of 34 %) but, above this threshold, increased sharply with tree mass and exceeded 50 % on average for trees ≥ 45 Mg. This increase coincided with a progressive deviation between the pantropical biomass model estimations and actual tree mass. Accounting for a crown mass proxy in a newly developed model consistently removed the bias observed for large trees (> 1 Mg) and reduced the range of plot-level error from −23–16 to 0–10 %. The disproportionally higher allocation of large trees to crown mass may thus explain the bias observed recently in the reference pantropical model. This bias leads to far-from-negligible, but often overlooked, systematic errors at the plot level and may be easily corrected by accounting for a crown mass proxy for the largest trees in a stand, thus suggesting that the accuracy of forest carbon estimates can be significantly improved at a minimal cost.
Published: 2015

49. Do plant families with contrasting functional traits show similar patterns of endemism? A case study with Central African Orchidaceae and Rubiaceae

Author: Hermann Taedoumg, Tariq Stévart, Vincent Droissart, Murielle Simo, Bonaventure Sonké, Olivier J. Hardy, Charlemagne K. Nguembou, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie, Université de Yaoundé I [Yaoundé], Service Evolution Biologique et Ecologie -Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), ECOFAC Program, DIVEAC (CUD ULB), Sud expert Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Yaoundé I, and Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Seed dispersal, BiodivR, Forest refuge, Biodiversity, Atlantic Central Africa, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Ecoregion, Epiphyte, Cameroon, Endemism, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 0303 health sciences, Orchidaceae, Ecology, biology, Sanaga River, Species diversity, Subsampling procedure, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Shrub, Life form, Biological dispersal, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: ACL-11-37; International audience; The influence of functional traits on floristic patterns remains poorly understood in tropical rain forests. This contribution explores whether patterns of endemism of plant species are influenced by their life form and mode of dispersal. We used a comprehensive dataset of 3650 georeferenced plant specimens collected in Cameroon belonging to 115 taxa of Orchidaceae and 207 Rubiaceae endemic to Atlantic Central Africa. Species diversity of each family was compared using raw species richness (SR) and an index of species diversity (S k ) using subsampling procedure to correct for sampling bias. Measures were compared at three scales (square grids of one half-degree and one-degree per side and ecoregions) and according to elevation and continentality gradients. Species similarity between grid cells was measured using the sample-size corrected NNESS index. For both families, SR and S k decreased along the continentality gradient. In forest habitats below 1500 m altitude, both Orchidaceae and Rubiaceae show similar endemism patterns, but they differ in intensity. At higher altitudes, S k is higher for orchids due to the presence of endemic terrestrial taxa in grasslands, where the endemic Rubiaceae flora is rather poor. Substantial endemism observed at the ecoregion level and turnover analysis supported the role of the Sanaga River as a phytogeographical boundary. Similar endemism patterns were observed in lowland forests for Orchidaceae and Rubiaceae, even though Orchidaceae are assumed to have better long distance dispersal capabilities. The dispersal ability of Orchidaceae could be limited by the need of specific mycorhizal fungi for seed germination or host specificity for epiphytic orchids
Published: 2011

50. Subsampling Herbarium Collections to Assess Geographic Diversity Gradients: A Case Study with Endemic Orchidaceae and Rubiaceae in Cameroon

Author: Olivier J. Hardy, Bonaventure Sonké, Vincent Droissart, Tariq Stévart, and Farid Dahdouh-Guebas
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, Species diversity, 15. Life on land, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Herbarium, Abundance (ecology), Rarefaction (ecology), Alpha diversity, 14. Life underwater, Species richness, Endemism, human activities, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany, Global biodiversity
Abstract: We compiled herbarium specimen data to provide an improved characterization of geographic patterns of diversity using indices of species diversity and floristic similarity based on rarefaction principles. A dataset of 3650 georeferenced plant specimens belonging to Orchidaceae and Rubiaceae endemic to Atlantic Central Africa was assembled to assess species composition per half‐degree or one‐ degree grid cells. Local diversity was measured by the expected number of species (Sk) per grid cell found in subsamples of increasing size and compared with raw species richness (SR). A nearly unbiased estimator of the effective number of species per grid cell was also used, allowing quantification of ratios of ‘true diversity’ between grid cells. Species turnover was measured using a presence/absence‐ based similarity index (Sorensen) and an abundance‐based index that corrects for sampling bias (NNESS). Our results confirm that the coastal region of Cameroon is more diverse in endemic species than those more inland. The southern part of this coastal forest is, however, as diverse as the more intensively inventoried northern part, and should also be recognized as an important center of endemism. A strong congruence between Sorensen and NNESS similarity matrices lead to similar delimitations of floristic units. Hence, heterogeneous sampling seems to confer more bias when measuring patterns of local diversity using raw species richness than species turnover using Sorensen index. Overall, we argue that subsampling methods represent a useful way to assess diversity gradients using herbarium specimens while correcting for heterogeneous sampling effort.
Published: 2011

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