3,136 results on '"Uterine horns"'
Search Results
2. Case of successfully delivered dicavitary twins in uterus didelphus
- Author
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Hazem Mohamed Sayed, Ellie Barnes, Amanda Green, and Kate F. Walker
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mullerian Ducts ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Reproductive medicine ,Breech presentation ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Humans ,Caesarean section ,Breech Presentation ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Vaginal delivery ,Cesarean Section ,Uterus ,Uterine horns ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Urogenital Abnormalities ,Vagina ,Female ,business - Abstract
Uterus didelphus is a congenital abnormality arising from failure of fusion of Mullerian ducts, creating two separate uterine horns, two cervices and, in some cases, a vagina divided by a longitudinal septum. In this case, a 26-year-old woman with previously undiagnosed uterus didelphus spontaneously conceived dicavitary twins. Although initially wanting a vaginal birth, when both twins were in a breech presentation, a caesarean section was performed at 36 weeks, delivering two healthy babies. We will discuss the risk of obstetric complications in uterus didelphus and the challenges surrounding a vaginal delivery.
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- 2023
3. An inguinal herniation of pregnant uterus in a Standard Wirehaired Dachshund - a case report.
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Horňáková, Ľubica, Stefanizzi, Enrico, Horňák, Slavomír, Ševčíková, Zuzana, Figurová, Mária, Kurillová, Marieta, and Valenčáková-Agyagosová, Alexandra
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HERNIA , *UTERUS , *OPERATIVE surgery , *INGUINAL hernia , *GROIN , *MAMMARY glands - Abstract
A 4-year-old intact female Standard Wirehaired Dachshund dog was referred with chief complaint of inguinal mass to the Small Animal Clinic at the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Slovakia. On physical examination, the bitch was healthy with no abnormalities other than having a non-painful and non-reducible soft tissue mass in the left inguinal region also involving the mammary gland. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen revealed a pregnant uterus and ultrasonography of the inguinal mass showed an organ with a lumen filled with anaechoic fluid. The diagnosis of a herniation was made and the owners decided for complete ovariohysterectomy. The left uterine horn had an incarcerated part of the inguinal hernia together with the ovary. Inside there was one macerated conceptus. The remaining part of the left uterine horn was located in the abdomen and had 2 macerated conceptuses. The bitch made an uneventful recovery from the surgery and anaesthesia with no postoperative complications and was sent home after the surgical procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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4. Analysis of Healing of Rat Uterine Wall After Full-Thickness Surgical Incision
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A. P. Aleksankin, A. P. Milovanov, K. A. Artem’eva, M. N. Boltovskaya, T.V. Fokina, N. B. Tikhonova, and V. V. Aleksankina
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Estrous cycle ,Estrous cycle phase ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Adipose tissue ,Uterine horns ,General Medicine ,Abdominal cavity ,Anatomy ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Hysterotomy ,Mesentery ,business ,Surgical incision - Abstract
We studied the dynamics of morphological changes in the operated segment of the uterine horn of Sprague-Dawley rats during the first 2 weeks of the wound-healing process after a full-thickness surgical incision with regard to the estrous cycle phase. Morphometric parameters of injured uterine right horn were compared with those in the intact left horn of the same animal as a control of changes determined by the hormonal background. It was found that the uterine epithelium in the focus of injury was restored as soon as on day 2 after surgery under the influence of estrous cycle hormones. By day 4, the wound space was completely filled with the endometrial tissue on the side of the uterine lumen and coved by the attached adipose tissue of the mesentery on the side of the abdominal cavity. The thickness of the uterine wall and the uterine lumen differed most strongly between the operated and intact uterine horns during the first 3 days and on day 6 after surgery. The size of the healing area increased during the first three days and reached the peak value by day 3, but then decreased to minimum by day 6.
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- 2021
5. Equine embryo mobility. A game changer
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O.J. Ginther
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animal structures ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Uterus ,Lumen (anatomy) ,Stimulation ,Biology ,Andrology ,Endometrium ,Uterine Contraction ,Vascularity ,Food Animals ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Animals ,Horses ,Small Animals ,Ligature ,Equine ,Horn (anatomy) ,Uterine horns ,Embryo ,Equidae ,Embryo, Mammalian ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,embryonic structures ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,medicine.symptom - Abstract
The equine embryo or embryonic vesicle on Days 11-15 postovulation travels with profound physiologic purpose throughout the lumen of the two uterine horns and uterine body making 12 to 22 trips between the two uterine horns per day. This phenomenon is termed embryo mobility and is unique in equids among domestic species. Apparently, the embryo first reaches the uterine body on Days 8 or 9. Mobility increases to maximum by Days 11 or 12 and continues until an abrupt cessation of mobility (fixation) on Days 15 (ponies) or 16 (horses and donkeys). The embryo is propelled by uterine contractions in response to the production of apparently both PGF2α and PGE2 by both the embryo and uterus. An increase in endometrial vascular perfusion accompanies the mobile embryo as it moves from horn to horn. Restricting the embryo to one uterine horn by a ligature has indicated that specific roles of the traveling embryo include the stimulation of uterine contractions, tone, vascularity, and edema and to curtail the production of the luteolysin (PGF2α) by the uterus. The increase in uterine tone, decrease in diameter of the uterine horns, and a flexure in the caudal portion of each horn collaborate in the selection of a horn of fixation. Embryo mobility is a game changer that has solved several long-time enigmas in mare reproduction and has provided a needed and effective finger/thumb compression method for eliminating one member of a twin set.
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- 2021
6. Evaluación del protocolo corto y largo de sincronización de celo en borregas inseminadas con semen congelado
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Uri Harold Pérez Guerra, Wilbur Rubén Ayma Flores, Yan Pierr Manrique Quispe, Julio Málaga Apaza, Manuel Guido Pérez Durand, and Oscar Efrain Cardenas Minaya
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Andrology ,Pregnancy rate ,medicine ,Progesterone treatment ,Gestation ,Medroxyprogesterone acetate ,Uterine horns ,Semen ,Biology ,Insemination ,Corriedale ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of short (5 days) and long (9 days) SC protocols in ewes inseminated with frozen semen on the diameter of the uterine horn and pregnancy rate. The experiment was carried out at the Carolina Experimental Center, belonging to the National University of the Altiplano, and 40 ewes be-tween Corriedale and Criollas were used; in groups of 20 for each treatment, which were synchronized with in-travaginal sponges based on Medroxyprogesterone acetate, for 9 days (long protocol) and 5 days (short protocol) and at the time of sponge removal, 350 IU of eCG were applied. To measure the diameter of the uterine horn, ultrasonography was performed at 36 h post sponge removal and at 56 h after cervical insemination with thawed semen and a subsequent ultrasonography at 35 days to confirm gestation. Quantitative data were analyzed using the statistical t-test for uterine horn diameter and Chi-square for gestation rate. The results for uterine horn diameter were 11.11±1.52 and 12.12±2.12 mm for the short and long synchronization protocol, respectively. Regarding the pregnancy rate, 21.05 % and 25 % were obtained for the short and long synchronization protocol, respectively. Therefore, we can conclude that the long progesterone treatment had better results than the short treatment both in uterine diameter and pregnancy rate, but this difference was not significant (p>0.05).
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- 2021
7. Normalization of wall shear stress as a physiological mechanism for regulating maternal uterine artery expansive remodeling during pregnancy
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Maurizio Mandalà, George Osol, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Nga Ling Ko, and Eliyahu V. Khankin
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Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Spiral artery ,Endothelium ,endothelium ,Physiology ,QH301-705.5 ,vascular remodeling ,Uterus ,Hemodynamics ,Ovarian artery ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) ,preeclampsia ,Internal medicine ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,rat ,Biology (General) ,Uterine artery ,mechanotransduction ,business.industry ,Hypotheses ,Uterine horns ,Blood flow ,wall shear stress ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,normalization ,Cardiology ,cardiovascular system ,Molecular Medicine ,pregnancy ,business - Abstract
Outward remodeling of the maternal uterine circulation during pregnancy is essential for normal uteroplacental perfusion and pregnancy outcome. The physiological mechanism by which this process is regulated is unknown; we hypothesized that it involved the normalization of wall shear stress (WSS). Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats underwent unilateral ligation of the main uterine artery and vein at the cervical end of the uterus on gestational day 10, thus restricting inflow/outflow of blood into that uterine horn to a single point at the ovarian end; the contralateral sham‐operated side provided an internal control. This procedure alters uterine hemodynamics by increasing WSS, since the entire uterine horn is supplied by one rather than two vessels. Arterial diameter and blood flow velocity values were measured by intravital ultrasonographic pulse‐wave Doppler on gestational day 20 and used to calculate WSS. Although both ovarian artery lumen diameter and blood velocity increased, WSS was similar in both horns. These data support the concept that increased WSS secondary to hemochorial placentation is the primary physiological stimulus for uterine vascular remodeling and that its normalization may be the primary mechanism that regulates the extent of arterial circumferential growth required to maintain placental perfusion. We further hypothesize that shallow spiral artery invasion, such as occurs in preeclampsia, limits the increase in upstream shear stress and results in attenuated remodeling and placental under‐perfusion.
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- 2021
8. Administration of red ginseng regulates microRNA expression in a mouse model of endometriosis
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Ji Hyun Park, Bo Hee Won, Wooseok Im, SiHyun Cho, and Jae-Hoon Lee
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Candidate gene ,Endometriosis ,Uterus ,Panax ,Uterine horns ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Ginseng ,MicroRNAs ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Reproductive Medicine ,Peritoneum ,Medical informatics ,microRNA ,Cancer research ,medicine ,Gene chip analysis ,Original Article ,Red ginseng - Abstract
Objective: Red ginseng (RG) exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and immunomodulatory effects on endometriosis through the regulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression. It may also ameliorate endometriosis by affecting the expression of multiple miRNAs simultaneously, rather than acting on a single miRNA at a given time. Since studies on the overall effects of RG on endometriosis via the regulation of miRNA expression are lacking, the current study aimed to explore the global effect of RG on miRNA expression in a mouse model of endometriosis. Methods: To establish the mouse model, the uterine horn of donor mice was implanted into the lateral side of the recipients’ peritoneum, followed by vehicle or RG treatment for 8 weeks. Results: To confirm the effects of RG on the established mouse model, the size of the implanted uterus was measured; it was found to be lower in mice from the RG group than in mice from the control group. miRNA expression profiles in the implanted uterus of the mouse model of endometriosis after vehicle or RG administration were analyzed using microarray technology. Thereafter, seven candidate miRNAs and 125 candidate genes (miRNA targets) were identified through a bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that RG regulates the expression of multiple miRNAs and mRNAs, thereby alleviating endometriosis in a mouse model of the disease.
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- 2021
9. Co-Existence of a Rudimentary Non-Communicating Horn with a Unicornuate Uterus in Association with 2 Components of the VACTERL Association: A Case Report
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Jose D Roman
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Population ,General Engineering ,Uterine horns ,Tracheoesophageal fistula ,Unicornuate uterus ,medicine.disease ,VACTERL association ,Uterine rupture ,Atresia ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Medicine ,business ,education ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies has been reported as 6.7% in the general population. The unicornuate uterus accounts for 2.4-13% of all Mullerian anomalies and has a prevalence of 1:1000. A unicornuate uterus may be present alone or with a rudimentary horn and 75-90% of rudimentary horns are non-communicating. A pregnancy in the rudimentary horn may lead to uterine rupture, haemoperitoneum with a high risk of maternal mortality. The association of a unicornuate uterus with a non-communicating uterine horn to the VACTERL association of defects (vertebral anomalies, anorectal malformations, cardiovascular anomalies, tracheoesophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, renal anomalies and limb defects) has been described only twice in the literature. We report a patient who was born with an extra thumb and had a trachea-bronchial remnant with oesophageal stenosis that were both operated on earlier, and they were associated with a non-communicating rudimentary uterine horn. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third case reported in the literature of a VACTERL association to a unicornuate uterus with a non-communicating functional rudimentary horn. Given the high risk for the patient if pregnant an early diagnosis is paramount. This case highlights the importance of considering Mullerian defects in the young patient born with components of the VACTERL association.
- Published
- 2021
10. Microstructural changes of the wall of uterine horn in the domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) during postnatal development
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Hanna Jackowiak, Tomasz Nowak, and Ewelina Prozorowska
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Lumen (anatomy) ,Biology ,Endometrium ,03 medical and health sciences ,Basal (phylogenetics) ,0302 clinical medicine ,Food Animals ,Felis ,medicine ,Animals ,Small Animals ,Lamina propria ,Mucous Membrane ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,CATS ,Equine ,Uterus ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Myometrium ,Uterine horns ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Anatomy ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Epithelium ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cats ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
The study describes the details of histological changes occurring during the postnatal development of the wall of the uterine horn in the European shorthair domestic cat. Light microscope observations and morphometric analysis were carried out to investigate the rate of development of the wall of the uterine horns in order to estimate the maturing time. Uterine horns of newborn and 1week-old cats are fetal-like and showing smooth, nonfolded endometrium lined with pseudostratified epithelium, deprived of uterine glands, and poorly developed two-layered myometrium. The lamina propria of the mucosa becomes folded in the first month of postnatal life. At the same time, the primordia of the uterine glands appear, elongating, doubling in number and reaching the basal layer by sixth month of age. In six-month-old cats, the lamina propria of the mucosa is formed into the functional and basal layer and its thickness increases rapidly. Until the sixth month of age, the inner circular muscle layer is the widest part of the myometrium, the outer longitudinal layer is the thinnest, while the width of the vascular layer is an intermediate value between the width of the inner and outer layer. From the seventh month of age, the proportion of the thickness of the inner and outer layer is reversed and the vascular layer becomes the thinnest part of the myometrium. Between seventh and twelfth month of age, the structure of the wall of the uterine horn does not change significantly, as the longitudinal mucosal folds limiting the narrow lumen of the uterine horns, and the arrangement of the layers in the wall is assigned to a pattern according to which the endometrium represents about 40% of the total width of the wall, while the myometrium is about 60%. In the studied time span of postnatal life, the average thickness of the wall of the uterine horn increases 9.4 -fold, the thickness of the lamina propria and mucosal folds increases 6.9-fold and 3.8-fold, respectively, while the thickness of the myometrium increases 17.3-fold. Summing up, the process of maturation of the wall of the uterine horns in the domestic cat lasts up to sixth month of postnatal life and includes the formation of the endometrial longitudinal folds, appearance and development of the uterine glands, division of the lamina propria of the mucosa into the functional and basal layers, and continued development of the circular, vascular and longitudinal muscle layers.
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- 2021
11. Mullerian ducts anomaly of 2 divergent uterine horns with cervicovaginal hypoplasia: Is it considered unclassified or under the spectrum of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome?
- Author
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Jaha G and AlMutairi B
- Abstract
The Mullerian ducts give rise to the upper part of the female reproductive system, including the uterus, cervix, upper two-thirds of the vagina, and fallopian tubes, which undergo specific processes of development, fusion, and resorption. Any failure in this process will lead to Mullerian duct anomaly (MDA). We present a unique and complex case of MDA, signifying the wide variability and simultaneous existence of combined abnormalities in 1 patient, which do not always fit under a single or particular class from the known classification systems. Therefore, subclassifications may be necessary for each part alone (uterus, cervix, and vagina) or incorporating more than 1 class for a single case. It also shows the role of imaging in the diagnosis; considering that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the standard modality for a detailed description of the reproductive system and its anomalies., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)
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- 2023
- Full Text
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12. Pregnancy and Placenta Increta in a Noncommunicating Uterine Horn
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Sarah K. McQuillan, Kayla L. Nelson, and Christine Osborne
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Pregnancy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Ultrasound ,Uterus ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Placentation ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Uterine horns ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Laparotomy ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Medicine ,Gestation ,business - Abstract
Background We present a rare case of pregnancy and invasive placentation in a unruptured, noncommunicating rudimentary uterine horn at 20 weeks’ gestation. Case The patient was followed with ultrasound throughout early pregnancy and initial imaging for dating purposes showed a pregnancy within a communicating right horn of the uterus. At the 18-week anatomy ultrasound, the pregnancy was discovered to be within the noncommunicating, rudimentary left horn of the uterus. This was confirmed using pelvic magnetic resonance imaging. The patient opted for surgical management and subsequently underwent laparotomy and removal of the noncommunicating uterine horn and pregnancy. Placental tissue was adherent to the level of the serosa during surgery and pathologic diagnosis was significant for a placenta increta. Summary and Conclusion The patient recovered well from surgery and subsequently went on to have a successful term pregnancy delivered via cesarean section for breech in the right horn 15 months later.
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- 2022
13. Uterine endometrial vascularization during ovarian follicular growth in llamas: The effect of estradiol plasma concentration.
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Silva, Mauricio, Urra, Felipe, and Ratto, Marcelo
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LLAMAS , *ESTRADIOL , *ENDOMETRIUM , *OVARIECTOMY , *TRANSVAGINAL ultrasonography - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluated changes in endometrial vascularization area (EVA) between the left and right uterine horn: a) during the ovarian follicular growth in intact llamas, and b) after exogenous estradiol administration of estradiol benzoate in ovariectomized (OVX) llamas. In experiment 1 follicle wave emergence was synchronized (n = 5 llamas) by follicle ablation (Day 0). Females were examined every other day from Day 1 to Day 27, using B mode ultrasonography to evaluate dominant follicle growth profile. Also, EVA was evaluated in each horn using Color-Power Doppler. Blood samples were taken every other day from Day 1 to Day 27 to measure estradiol (E2) plasma concentration by RIA. In experiment 2 OVX llamas (n = 4 llamas/group) were given a single im administration of: a) 1 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB) or b) 1 mL of saline. Females were subjected to ultrasound examinations every 48 h from Day −4 until treatment (Day 0), every 12 h from Day 0 to Day 4, and again every 48 h from Day 5 to Day 11. Evaluation of EVA in both uterine horns was performed as described for experiment 1. Blood sampling for the measurement of E2 was carried out at the same time points indicated for the ultrasound examinations. Serial data were analyzed by one way ANOVA for repeated measures using the MIXED Procedure in SAS. Also, Pearson's correlation was used to determine the relationship between variables. In intact llamas there was an effect of day on the dominant follicle growing profile (P < 0.01) and estradiol plasma concentration (P < 0.05). Dominant follicle diameter positively correlated (r = 0.4; P < 0.017) with estradiol plasma concentration. Also, EVA of right and left uterine horn did not differ (P = 0.89) during the evaluation period; however, it was affected by time (P < 0.05). In ovariectomized llamas estradiol concentration was significantly (P < 0.001) affected by treatment, time and their interaction. Accordingly, treatment with EB (P < 0.0001), time (P < 0.05) and their interaction (P < 0.01) affected EVA of both uterine horns; however, this variable did not differ between horns (P = 0.98). In conclusion, circulating concentrations of estradiol determined an increase in uterine vascularization, during the phase of follicular growth in intact llamas and after the exogenous administration of EB to ovariectomized females; however, no differential effect in endometrial vascularization area between right and left uterine horn was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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14. Differential diagnosis and management tactics in patients with a rare developmental Müllerian duct anomaly ACUM and a rudimentary uterine horn at early reproductive age
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Luzhina I.A. Luzhina I, Uchevatkina P.V. Uchevatkina, Arakelyan A.S. Arakelyan, Chuprynin V.D. Chuprynin, Uvarova E.V. Uvarova E, Asaturova A.V. Asaturova A, Allakhverdieva E.Z. Allakhverdieva, Khashchenko E.P. Khashchenko, Kulabukhova E.A. Kulabukhova, and Mamedova F.Sh. Mamedova
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Anomaly (natural sciences) ,Uterine horns ,Reproductive age ,General Medicine ,Müllerian mimicry ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,In patient ,Differential diagnosis ,business ,Duct (anatomy) - Published
- 2021
15. Caesarean section followed by ovariohysterectomy in a Bangladeshi domestic cat: A surgical intervention for management of dystocia due to partial primary uterine inertia
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Anup Kumar Talukder, Mohammad T Rahman, Mohammad A. Rahman, Abu Nasar Md. Aminoor Rahman, and Ziban Chandra Das
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Veterinary medicine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,ovariohysterectomy ,Uterus ,Case Report ,Palpation ,Kitten ,biology.animal ,SF600-1100 ,medicine ,Caesarean section ,Bangladeshi domestic cat ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Fetus ,General Veterinary ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,Obstetrics ,Uterine Inertia ,business.industry ,dystocia ,uterine inertia ,Uterine horns ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,caesarean section ,Abdomen ,business - Abstract
Background The incidence of dystocia in cats is relatively low compared to that in other pet and farm animals. However, when dystocia occurs in cats, manual, medicinal or surgical intervention is required. Objectives Here, we report a caesarean section (C‐section) in a Bangladeshi domestic cat that suffered from dystocia due to partial primary uterine inertia. Methods A Bangladeshi domestic queen cat was presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) with signs of dystocia. The queen had given birth to one kitten 36 hr earlier; however, newborn died 30 min after birth. She was unable to deliver the remaining fetuses. The cat had gone off feed, appeared depressed, had a severely enlarged abdomen and showed no straining efforts. On palpation, bony‐like structures were felt in both sides of the abdomen. Ultrasonographic (USG) examination was carried out, which confirmed the presence of two fetuses, one fetus in each uterine horn. No fetal movements could be detected. The cat was diagnosed with dystocia due to partial primary uterine inertia. Results A C‐section was performed, and two emphysematous, putrefied and large dead kittens were removed. The uterus was found to be severely decomposed and foul smelling; therefore, an ovariohysterectomy was carried out to prevent development of maternal toxaemia and septicaemia. The queen recovered fully. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, we report here, for the first time, a successful C‐section followed by an ovariohysterectomy in a Bangladeshi domestic cat, suffering from severe dystocia due to partial primary uterine inertia for >36 hr., The incidence of dystocia in cats is relatively low compared to that in other pet and farm animals. However, when dystocia occurs in cats, manual, medicinal, or surgical intervention is required. To the best of our knowledge, we report here, for the first time, a successful C‐section followed by an ovariohysterectomy in a Bangladeshi domestic cat, suffering from severe dystocia due to partial primary uterine inertia for >36 hr.
- Published
- 2021
16. Ruptured Rudimentary Uterine Horn Pregnancy: A Case Report
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Dr. Mohmmed Eltayeb Abdelkhalig Mustafa MD, MRCOG1, and Dr. Eltayeb Abdelkhalig Mustafa MD
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Pregnancy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Internal bleeding ,Ectopic pregnancy ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Uterine horns ,medicine.disease ,rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, mullerian anomalies, early pregnancy complication ,Laparotomy ,medicine ,Suprapubic pain ,Medicine ,Presentation (obstetrics) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Complication - Abstract
Pregnancy in rudimentary uterine horn has been reported to be very rare in literature, and is associated with adverse complications. Furthermore, it is also difficult to diagnose, and in most cases, is diagnosed after being ruptured. A case of ruptured rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy presented at Elsaudi Maternity Hospital (Sudan). Despite her recurrent presentation for persistent suprapubic pain and frequent ultrasound scans, the uterine horn pregnancy was not detected, and the diagnosis was made during laparotomy as her condition started to deteriorate progressively due to massive internal bleeding from the ruptured uterine horn. Keywords: rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, Mullerian anomalies, early pregnancy complication
- Published
- 2021
17. The Effect of Disulfiram in the Prevention of Postoperative Adhesion Formation in an Experimental Rat Uterine Horn Model
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Özlem Erten, Sadiman Kiykac Altinbas, Omer Lutfi Tapisiz, Gülçin Güler Şimşek, Salim Erkaya, Yıldız Akdaş Reis, and Ümit Göktolga
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ,0301 basic medicine ,Infertility ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,VEGF receptors ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Administration, Oral ,Adhesion (medicine) ,Tissue Adhesions ,Gastroenterology ,Drug Administration Schedule ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Statistical significance ,Internal medicine ,Disulfiram ,Electrocoagulation ,medicine ,Animals ,Rats, Wistar ,Uterine Diseases ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,biology ,business.industry ,Uterus ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Uterine horns ,Postoperative adhesion ,medicine.disease ,Vascular endothelial growth factor ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ,Female ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Postoperative adhesions can cause serious complications, including intestinal obstruction, chronic abdominopelvic pain, and infertility in women. Here we investigate the effects of disulfiram on the postoperative adhesion model. Female Wistar rats were used (n = 72). The animals were separated into six groups (12 rats per group): group 1 (control), group 2 (300 mg/kg disulfiram administered for 3 days preoperatively), group 3 (50 mg/kg disulfiram administered for 3 days preoperatively and 14 days postoperatively), group 4 (300 mg/kg disulfiram administered for 3 days preoperatively and 14 days postoperatively), group 5 (50 mg/kg disulfiram administered 14 days postoperatively only), and group 6 (300 mg/kg disulfiram administered 14 days postoperatively only). A histopathologic examination was performed. Immunohistochemical stainings for matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 (MMP-2, and MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated. The macroscopic adhesion scores were significantly lower in the disulfiram groups (groups 3, 4, and 6) compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Inflammation scores were lower in all groups receiving disulfiram, but only reached statistical significance in group 4 (p < 0.05). In the immunohistochemical evaluation of the groups, MMP-9 was significantly lower in group 5 than group 4 (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups for MMP-2 and VEGF. We found that disulfiram reduced postoperative adhesion formation. Disulfiram becomes more effective (by directly reducing inflammation) when initiated during the preoperative period at high doses.
- Published
- 2021
18. Myomas in uterine rudiments in a patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome
- Author
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Miroslav Hricko, Zlatko Pastor, and Roman Chmel
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,46, XX Disorders of Sex Development ,Congenital Abnormalities ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome ,Uterine myoma ,Laparoscopy ,Mullerian Ducts ,Czech Republic ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Pelvic pain ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Uterine horns ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Myoma ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Surgery ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Rare disease - Abstract
Objective To describe the case of a patient with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome and a history of chronic pelvic pain due to myomas in the rudimentary uterine horns. The article highlights a rare origin of gynaecological pain. Case report We present the case of 61-year-old woman with MRKH syndrome who has suffered from chronic abdominal pain for more than one year before surgery. Using magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography, a suspicion on the tumours of uterine myoma character in the rudimentary horns was suggested. It was confirmed by laparoscopy. Myomas were removed in the endobag and histopathologically confirmed. Conclusion MRKH syndrome is a very rare disease. Approximately ten women are annually born with this congenital anomaly in the Czech Republic. While myoma incidence is extremely rare in this group of women, it must be taken into account in differential dia-gnosis and solved surgically in time.
- Published
- 2021
19. Congenital Uterine Anomaly and Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Rare Case of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in a Complete Bicornuate Uterus with Successful Pregnancy Outcomes Undiagnosed until the Time of Sacrocolpopexy
- Author
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Gina Nam and Sa Ra Lee
- Subjects
Gynecology ,Bicornuate uterus ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Uterine fibroids ,business.industry ,urogenital system ,Uterus ,Uterine anomalies ,Uterine prolapse ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Uterine horns ,Pelvic cavity ,medicine.disease ,Brief Communication ,Pelvic organ prolapse ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Pregnancy ,medicine ,Adenomyosis ,Robotic surgical procedures ,business ,Cervix - Abstract
Mullerian development anomalies (MDAs) are most commonly diagnosed in the reproductive period. A bicornuate uterus is the result of a fusion defect of the Mullerian ducts, causing an abnormal fundal outline. Most of the cases are diagnosed early in life and present with obstetrical complications, such as recurrent pregnancy loss, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, placental abruption, and cervical incompetence. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in women with MDAs has been reported; however, all reported cases were when MDAs are diagnosed before or simultaneously with the development of POP in premenopausal young women aged < 35. A 52-year-old menopausal woman, who successfully delivered vaginally at term, was presented with protruding mass through vaginal introitus. On POP-Q examination, the cervix was elongated and descended to 1 cm out of the hymen during bearing down; however, the uterine bodies were confined in the pelvic cavity, which is commonly encountered among POP patients with large uterus due to uterine fibroids or adenomyosis. She also diagnosed for complete bicornuate uterus and underwent robotic sacrocolpopexy for advanced stage POP. It is presumed to have been caused by the bicornuate uterus that prevented the total uterine prolapse with the effect of extending both uterine horns bilaterally inside the pelvic cavity and trapping the uterus within the pelvis. Herein, we report a rare case of complete bicornuate uterus with multiple successful vaginal deliveries at term without obstetric complications, which remained undiagnosed until she was managed for the POP in her postmenopausal period.
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- 2021
20. Unusual Causes of Hemoperitoneum: A Case Series of Fundal and Uterine Horn Rupture
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Vibhutee Joshi, Prashansa Santosh Raut, Aditi Yadav, Theertha Shetty, Vandana Chavan, Manitha Madar, Roshni Khade, Anjali Mulchandani, and Sambit Nanda
- Subjects
business.industry ,medicine ,Uterine horns ,General Medicine ,Hemoperitoneum ,Anatomy ,medicine.symptom ,business - Published
- 2021
21. First Trimester Uterine Rupture: A Case Report on a Patient with Unsuspected Müllerian Duct Anomaly
- Author
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Rosales H. Diego, Valdes M. Enrique, Montero S. Juan, Valdes R. Enrique, Rojas L. Daniel, García B. Julián, Eliash D. Hector, and Cartallier Otone
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,Abdominal pain ,Bicornuate uterus ,Fetus ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,Strategy and Management ,Mechanical Engineering ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Metals and Alloys ,Uterine horns ,medicine.disease ,Asymptomatic ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Uterine rupture ,Laparotomy ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Introduction: Mullerian malformations are a group of malformations that result from an alteration of embryonic development. Most cases are asymptomatic, however, in pregnant patients it has been associated with recurrent abortion or premature delivery. Case presentation: 12 + 2 weeks pregnant woman consulted for abdominal pain, vomiting and fever. During the study, a transvaginal ultrasound was performed, where two endometric cavities and a pregnancy in the right horn were observed. The evolution of the patient was torpid, reaching hypovolemic shock, resolved by an emergency laparotomy where the rupture of the right horn was found. Discussion: The bicornuate uterus is the consequence of a partial fusion of the paramesonephric ducts during the fetal development, resulting in two functional uterine horns. Patients with bicornuate uterus may be asymptomatic, a uterine rupture is a rare but potentially severe complication of the bicornuate uterus and is usually presented during first and second trimester. Conclusions: Pregnancy with Mullerian anomalies often has preterm delivery, IUGR and malpresentation, and even more severe complication as uterine ruptura, so, requires proper counselling and close monitoring during antenatal period.
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- 2021
22. Prerupture diagnosis of a pregnant rudimentary uterine horn
- Author
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Lida Anwari
- Subjects
lcsh:Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Abdominal pain ,Exploratory laparotomy ,lcsh:R895-920 ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Case Report ,Rudimentary horn pregnancy ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,Prerupture diagnosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,In patient ,French horn ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Gestational age ,Uterine horns ,Maternal ultrasound ,Differential diagnosis ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
This clinical case reports prerupture diagnosis of a rudimentary horn pregnancy in a 27-year-old formerly healthy woman presented with moderate to severe suprapubic abdominal pain at the gestational age of 12 + 0 weeks. The suspected diagnosis of this pregnant rudimentary horn via transvaginal ultrasound was acknowledged during an emergency exploratory laparotomy. The simple transvaginal ultrasound criteria suggested by the present study would help clinicians avoid time-consuming inefficient investigative procedure and rule out this rare life-threatening condition by taking into account the rudimentary horn pregnancy as a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with abdominal pain.
- Published
- 2021
23. Morphology of placentome in Korean water deer Hydropotes inermis argropus
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Yasuo Kiso, Shota Yamane, Junpei Kimura, Joon Hyuk Sohn, Ken Takashi Kusakabe, and Yukiko Saitoh
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Fetus ,Morphology (linguistics) ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Attachment site ,Uterine horns ,biology.organism_classification ,Hydropotes inermis ,Uterine epithelium ,Andrology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Placenta ,embryonic structures ,medicine ,Reproductive system ,reproductive and urinary physiology - Abstract
The placenta of the Korean water deer was anatomically examined to accumulate basic information regarding its reproductive system. The convex placentomes with five to nine well-developed pedicles were observed in the whole uterine horns, and therefore, the placenta was classified as oligocotyledonary. The evidence indicating the migration of binucleate cells (BNCs) from trophectoderm to the uterine epithelium led to the histological classification of the placenta as synepitheliochorial. The number of fetuses was markedly higher than that in other ruminant species. However, the number of placentomes was found to be similar to the other Cervidae species. Therefore, these results suggest that the Korean water deer may possess special mechanisms or structures at the fetus attachment site to maintain this unusally high number of fetuses.
- Published
- 2021
24. An inguinal herniation of pregnant uterus in a Standard Wirehaired Dachshund – a case report
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Enrico Stefanizzi, Slavomír Horňák, Ľubica Horňáková, Zuzana Ševčíková, Alexandra Valenčáková-Agyagosová, Marieta Kurillová, and Mária Figurová
- Subjects
Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,General Veterinary ,040301 veterinary sciences ,business.industry ,Dachshund ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Uterine horns ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease ,040201 dairy & animal science ,0403 veterinary science ,Inguinal mass ,medicine ,Pregnant uterus ,business - Abstract
A 4-year-old intact female Standard Wirehaired Dachshund dog was referred with chief complaint of inguinal mass to the Small Animal Clinic at the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Slovakia. On physical examination, the bitch was healthy with no abnormalities other than having a non-painful and non-reducible soft tissue mass in the left inguinal region also involving the mammary gland. Ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen revealed a pregnant uterus and ultrasonography of the inguinal mass showed an organ with a lumen filled with anaechoic fluid. The diagnosis of a herniation was made and the owners decided for complete ovariohysterectomy. The left uterine horn had an incarcerated part of the inguinal hernia together with the ovary. Inside there was one macerated conceptus. The remaining part of the left uterine horn was located in the abdomen and had 2 macerated conceptuses. The bitch made an uneventful recovery from the surgery and anaesthesia with no postoperative complications and was sent home after the surgical procedure.
- Published
- 2021
25. The impact of lateral localization of the procedure on the effectiveness of transplations of pre-implantation embryos in heifers-recipient
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Pavlo Sklyarov, P. Sklyarov, V. Chornyi, Pavlo Skliarov, L. Koreyba, L. Roman, L. V. Coregba, L. V. Koreiba, L. V. Koreyba, N. V. Stepanova, Lyudmila Volodymyrivna Koreyba, Bogdan Gutyj, Ludmila Koreyba, S. Sidashova, I. Popova, P. M. Sklyarov, and Pavel Sklyarov
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Pregnancy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Theriogenology ,Uterus ,Uterine horns ,Embryo ,Biology ,Insemination ,medicine.disease ,Embryo transfer ,Andrology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Ovulation ,media_common - Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of the efficiency of transcervical embryo transplantation obtained from donor- cows in vivo. The aim of the experiment was to compare the effectiveness of ipsilateral transfers randomized laterally from the uterine horn of embryos of different stages of development (blastocysts and morulas). The embryos were located in the left or right horn of the uterus of recipient heifers (n = 283 cows). It was experimentally established that the functional asymmetry of the ovaries of the recipients affects the level of survival of preimplantation embryos. Thus, in case of transfer to the left horn of the uterus of the recipients blastocysts 60.91% of pregnant heifers were found; morulas - 45.45%. In case of similar procedures in the right horn of the uterus - were found respectively 58.78% and 14.29% pregnant. The obtained results indicate the need for further scientific research to study the structural and physiological features that affect the survival rate of pre-implantation embryos. Key words: donor cows, recipient heifers, embryo transfer, blastocysts, morulas, transferable embryos, ipsilateral localization. References Anderson, G. B. (1983). Embryo transfer in domestic animals. Adv.Vet. Sci, 27, 129-162. Bollman, M., Greenhawk, A., Shipley, A., & Gibbons, P. (2020). Ovarian profile and pregnancy rates following ovulation synchronization and timed-artificial insemination in dairy cows. College of Veterinary Medicine. Lincoln M.U., 1291-1300. Buhrov, O. D., & Tkachova, I. V. (2013). Znachennia metodu transplantatsii embrioniv u systemi selektsiinoi roboty z maloplodnymy vydamy tvaryn. Nauk.–tekhn. Biul, 113, 43-52 (in Ukrainian). Danchuk, O. V., Karposvkii, V. I., Tomchuk, V. A. et al. (2020). Temperament in Cattle: A Method of Evaluation and Main Characteristics. Neurophysiology, 52, 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11062-020-09853-6 Does, C., Stringfellow, D., & Shultz, P. D (1984). Incorporation of follicle stimulating hormone used for embryotransfer in cattle into maltilamellar lyposomes. Theriogenology, 21(4), 661-675. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(84)90450-3 Dovhopol, V. F., Duvanov, O. V., & Ivanchenko, M. I. (2010). Efektyvnist biotekhnolohii transplantatsii embrioniv velykoi rohatoi khudoby u Poltavskii oblasti. Veterynarna medytsyna, 13, 138-141 (in Ukrainian). Duvanov, O. V. (2011). Morfolohichna kharakterystyka zhovtykh til yaiechnykiv i efektyvnist stymuliatsii poliovuliatsii koriv-donoriv. Rozvedennia i henetyka tvaryn: mizh vid. temat.nauk.zb. – K.: Ahrarna nauka, 45, 63-67 (in Ukrainian). FAO. 2010a.
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- 2020
26. Effects of doxorubicin on the developing brain of albino mice embryos
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Ramji, GL Shah, and Yogendra Singh
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Microcephaly ,Pregnancy ,Anthracycline ,Physiology ,Soft tissue ,Uterine horns ,Embryo ,medicine.disease ,embryonic structures ,medicine ,Gestation ,Doxorubicin ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Introduction: Doxorubicin is an anthracycline antineoplastic drug. It has been widely used in the treatment of many malignancies including haematological malignancies, soft tissues sarcomas, breast cancer and neuro-blastoma etc. The doxorubicin rat model is an established model which encompasses spectrum of anomalies seen in VACTERAL associations and has similarities to human VACTER anomalies. The aim of present study is to support the anomalies produced by doxorubicin in albino mice embryos. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of anatomy, IMS, BHU Varanasi, U.P, on fifty female albino mice of an average age of 80 to 100 days, kept in plastic cage with male (3female:1male) in aseptic air condition. After confirming the pregnancy, the drug was administered intraperitoneally on the 8th day of gestation in a dose of 3mg/kg body weight. The foetuses were collected by exteriorization of uterine horn on 19th day of gestation and examined for congenital anomalies. Observations:Foetuses were divided into two groups, control and treated. Out of 239 treated foetuses, 25 foetuses were found dead, 106 foetuses showed congenital anomalies and the rest 108 foetuses were found normal. The brains of treated foetuses were smaller and reduced in weight (microcephaly) as compared to average weight and size of brain of control foetuses. On histological examination, cerebrum and cerebellum showed degeneration and aggregation of neuronal cells. Conclusions:The drug was found to be lethal as well as teratogenic in developing mice embryos. adriamycine rat model for VACTERL anomalies. Since, mice are the foremost mammal model for researchers; the present study also establishes doxorubicin mouse model support to the well established. Keywords:Doxorubicin (Adriamycine), VACTERL (Vertebral, anal, Cardiac, Tracheal, Oesophageal, Renal & limb) anomalies.
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- 2020
27. Juvenile Cystic Adenomyoma vs Blind Uterine Horn: Challenges in the Diagnosis and Surgical Management
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Lina Michala, Athanasios Protopapas, Konstantinos Kypriotis, Nikolaos Kathopoulis, Ioannis Chatzipapas, and Maria Sotiropoulou
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medicine.medical_specialty ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Myometrium ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Uterine horns ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,Perioperative ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,medicine ,Adenomyosis ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Radiology ,Differential diagnosis ,business ,Laparoscopy ,Adenomyoma - Abstract
Background Juvenile cystic adenomyomas (JCAs) are rare uterine lesions. Differential diagnosis might be difficult. We present the case of an adolescent who was diagnosed with JCA and was managed with laparoscopic excision. Case A 14-year-old patient with complaint of menarche with excruciating dysmenorrhea, was diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging with a uterine anomaly consisting of a normal right hemiuterus, and a left cystic lesion with surrounding hypotense myometrium. She was managed with laparoscopic excision of the left side, and uterine reconstruction. Histology was suggestive of JCA, associated with diffuse adenomyosis. Dysmenorrhea improved considerably after surgery. Summary and Conclusion Differential diagnosis between cystic uterine lesions relies on clinical, imaging, and perioperative clues that might assist in their formal classification. Doubt might still remain in some cases.
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- 2020
28. The role of somatostatin and its receptors (sstr2, sstr5) in the contractility of gilt inflamed uterus
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Marta Czajkowska, Barbara Jana, and Jarosław Całka
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endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Swine ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Sus scrofa ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Uterus ,Endometrium ,0403 veterinary science ,Uterine Contraction ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Somatostatin receptor 2 ,Receptors, Somatostatin ,Escherichia coli Infections ,030304 developmental biology ,Inflammation ,Swine Diseases ,Uterine Diseases ,0303 health sciences ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,Somatostatin receptor ,Myometrium ,Antagonist ,Uterine horns ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Hormones ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Somatostatin ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Female ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
We studied the inflammation effect on somatostatin receptors subtypes 2 (sstr2) and 5 (sstr5) expression in myometrium and somatostatin influence alone or with sstr2 and sstr5 antagonists on the contractility of gilt inflamed uterus. On day 3 of the estrous cycle, either E.coli suspension (E.coli group) or saline (SAL group) were injected into uterine horns. In the control pigs (CON group), only laparotomy was performed. Eight days later, in the E.coli group developed severe acute endometritis. In this group, myometrial sstr2 mRNA expression lowered and protein expression increased compared to other groups. Compared to period before somatostatin administration, somatostatin did not change tension in myometrium and endometrium/myometrium of three groups, reduced amplitude and frequency in the CON and SAL groups, and increased amplitude and decreased frequency in the E.coli group. In this group, amplitude was increased by somatostatin compared to other groups. In the CON and SAL groups, sstr2 eliminated inhibitory somatostatin effect on amplitude, while sstr5 antagonist reversed inhibitory somatostatin effect on amplitude. In the E.coli group, sstr2 antagonist reversed stimulatory somatostatin effect on amplitude, while in sstr5 antagonist presence stimulatory somatostatin effect was more deepened compared to somatostatin action alone. After using sstr2 antagonist more deepened inhibitory somatostatin effect on frequency in the CON and E.coli groups was found. Sstr5 antagonist partly eliminated inhibitory somatostatin effect on frequency in the SAL group. Summarizing, the uterine inflammation increases the myometrial sstr2 protein expression; somatostatin raises amplitude of the inflamed uterus acting by sstr2, while drops this parameter by sstr5.
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- 2020
29. Morphological identification of thoracolumbar spinal afferent nerve endings in mouse uterus
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Elizabeth A. H. Beckett, Melinda Kyloh, Kelsi N. Dodds, Nick J. Spencer, and Lee Travis
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0301 basic medicine ,Uterus ,Biology ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ganglia, Spinal ,medicine ,Animals ,Neurons, Afferent ,Nerve Endings ,General Neuroscience ,Myometrium ,Uterine horns ,Visceral pain ,Anatomy ,Vagus nerve ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Anterograde tracing ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Spinal nerve ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Free nerve ending ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Major sensory innervation to the uterus is provided by spinal afferent nerves, whose cell bodies lie predominantly in thoracolumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG). While the origin of the cell bodies of uterine spinal afferents is clear, the identity of their sensory endings has remained unknown. Hence, our major aim was to identify the location, morphology, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactivity of uterine spinal afferent endings supplied by thoracolumbar DRG. We also sought to determine the degree of uterine afferent innervation provided by the vagus nerve. Using an anterograde tracing technique, nulliparous female C57BL/6 mice were injected unilaterally with biotinylated dextran into thoracolumbar DRG (T13-L3). After 7-9 days, uterine horns were stained to visualize traced nerve axons and endings immunoreactive to CGRP. Whole uteri from a separate cohort of animals were injected with retrograde neuronal tracer (DiI) and dye uptake in nodose ganglia was examined. Anterogradely labeled axons innervated each uterine horn, these projected rostrally or caudally from their site of entry, branching to form varicose endings in the myometrium and/or vascular plexus. Most spinal afferent endings were CGRP-immunoreactive and morphologically classified as "simple-type." Rarely, uterine nerve cell bodies were labeled in nodose ganglia. Here, we provide the first detailed description of spinal afferent nerve endings in the uterus of a vertebrate. Distinct morphological types of spinal afferent nerve endings were identified throughout multiple anatomical layers of the uterine wall. Compared to other visceral organs, uterine spinal afferent endings displayed noticeably less morphological diversity. Few neurons in nodose ganglia innervate the uterus.
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- 2020
30. Escherichia coli -induced inflammation changes the expression of acetylcholine receptors (M2R, M3R, and α-7 nAChR) in the pig uterus
- Author
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Barbara Jana, Małgorzata Sikora, Jarosław Całka, and Katarzyna Palus
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pig ,0303 health sciences ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,acetylcholine receptor ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,Veterinary medicine ,Myometrium ,Uterus ,Uterine horns ,Endometrium ,inflamed uterus ,Andrology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ,expression ,SF600-1100 ,medicine ,Receptor ,Research Article ,030304 developmental biology ,Acetylcholine receptor - Abstract
Introduction The influence of inflammation on the patterns of muscarinic 2 and 3 receptor subtypes (M2R and M3R), and α-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α-7 nAChR) expression in the porcine uterus was investigated. Material and Methods On day three of the oestrous cycle of gilts aged 7–8 months with body weight 90–120 kg, either an E. coli suspension (E. coli group, n = 5) or saline (Sal group, n = 5) was administered into the uterine horns via laparotomy or only laparotomy was performed on control swine (Ctrl group, n = 5). After eight days, and the onset of severe acute endometritis in the E. coli group, the uterine mRNA and protein receptor expression levels were determined using real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, with receptor localisation by immunofluorescence. Results The studied receptors were in the luminal epithelium, glands, blood vessels, and myometrial muscle cells of all gilts. The M2R mRNA level was lower in the inflamed endometrium compared to the Ctrl and Sal groups. Also in this tissue, the expression of M3R mRNA and protein was lower than in the Ctrl and Sal groups. The M3R protein level in the bacterially challenged myometrium was found to be increased compared to unadministered groups. In the endometrium of the E. coli group, the α-7 nAChR protein level was lower than in the Sal group, and in the myometrium it was reduced in relation to both the other groups. P values were ≤ 0.05 in all cases. Conclusion Inflammation causes alterations in the M2R, M3R, and α-7 nAChR expression in the pig uterus, suggesting their significance in the course and repercussions of uterine inflammation.
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- 2020
31. Effect of insemination site and diameter of the pre-ovulatory follicle on the odds of pregnancy in heifers using sexed or non-sexed semen.
- Author
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Ingenhoff, L, Hall, E, Ranjbar NI, S, and House, JK
- Subjects
- *
OVARIAN atresia , *ARTIFICIAL insemination , *HEIFERS , *HOLSTEIN horse , *ENDORECTAL ultrasonography , *REPRODUCTION - Abstract
Objective To determine if insemination site or pre-ovulatory follicle diameter at fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) affects the odds of pregnancy when heifers are inseminated with sexed semen. Methods The study was conducted in 422 Holstein heifers enrolled into 531 inseminations. Inseminations were randomly allocated to 1 of 16 treatment combinations involving three variables: semen type (sexed vs non-sexed), insemination site (uterine horn vs uterine body) and one of four sires. Ovaries were examined by transrectal ultrasound prior to FTAI to determine the follicle diameter and location. AI technician, times bred, age, weight and temperature-humidity index were also recorded. Pregnancy diagnosis was conducted 29 days post-insemination. Follicle diameter and body weight were categorised according to arbitrary cut-points. Each variable was analysed by logistic regression to determine the effect on pregnancy per AI and compare between sexed and non-sexed inseminations. Results Insemination site did not affect pregnancy per AI for either sexed (P = 0.528) or non-sexed (P = 0.886) inseminations. Heifers with an 18-22 mm follicle had better odds of pregnancy than heifers that did not (odds ratio (OR) 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.004-2.09), although no effect was detected for only sexed or only non-sexed inseminations. Heifers weighing 310-370 kg had a higher pregnancy per AI than heifers weighing > 370 kg for non-sexed inseminations (P = 0.004) and sexed semen from sire 4 caused lower odds of pregnancy than semen from sire 1 (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.18-0.89). Conclusion Insemination site did not affect pregnancy per AI, but heifers with an 18-22 mm pre-ovulatory follicle at insemination had better odds of pregnancy for both sexed and non-sexed inseminations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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32. Uterine segmental aplasia in sheep
- Author
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Reanne Moraes Meira da Silva, Juliana Targino Silva Almeida e Macêdo, and Pedro Miguel Ocampos Pedroso
- Subjects
General Veterinary ,Mullerian Ducts ,Veterinary medicine ,unicorn uterus ,White Heifer Disease ,Uterus ,Uterine horns ,Aplasia ,Anatomy ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,reproduction ,malformation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,sheep farming ,Agenesis ,SF600-1100 ,Vagina ,medicine ,pathology ,Cervix - Abstract
The complete absence of one of the uterine horns, named segmental uterine aplasia or unicorn uterus, occurs due to deficiency in the development of segments of the paramesonephric or Mullerian ducts. It is a congenital or hereditary anomaly of the female reproductive tract caused by recessive genes, which occurrence is unusual. In cows, this malformation was initially called “white heifer disease”, comprising an alteration in the Mullerian ducts in association with the white skin gene that causes aplasia of the uterus, cervix and vagina. Two pieces of sheep reproductive system from a slaughterhouse under federal inspection in the state of Bahia, Brazil, were received for pathological diagnosis. The collection, dissection and macroscopic analysis were carried out. In the macroscopic evaluation, uterine segmental aplasia was identified in both cases, with complete absence of the left uterine horns. Both had agenesis of the uterine tubes associated with the absence of internal bifurcation of the uterine horns. Animals that have a unicorn uterus often have reduced fertility which consequently leads to losses to sheep farming.
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- 2021
33. Construction and Optimization of an Endometrial Injury Model in Mice by Transcervical Ethanol Perfusion
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Yuliang Sun, Liang Qiao, Yilin Lu, Dongli Jiang, Shenghui Zhang, Yanli Liu, Xinyi Li, Pan Ying, Chen Tongtong, Ruihong Liu, and Juntang Lin
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Necrosis ,Tissue Adhesions ,Endometrium ,Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ,Pregnancy ,Fibrosis ,medicine ,Animals ,Cervix ,Uterine Diseases ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,Fetus ,Ethanol ,business.industry ,Calcium-Binding Proteins ,Uterus ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Uterine horns ,medicine.disease ,Perfusion ,Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ,Disease Models, Animal ,Fertility ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunohistochemistry ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
This study aimed to establish a stable animal model of intrauterine adhesion (IUA) using a minimally invasive method that recapitulates the clinicopathologic characteristics of IUA. Mice were randomly divided into groups based on the ethanol treatment time (the EtOH-10 s, EtOH-20 s, EtOH-40 s, EtOH-1 min, and sham operation groups), and after the cervix was relaxed with phloroglucinol, the uterine horn was perfused with 95% ethanol through the cervix to induce endometrial injury. Eight days after the procedure, routine biochemical assays were performed to assess liver and kidney function; HE and Masson staining were used to assess uterine morphology and fibrosis; and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of CD31 and F4/80 in the endometrium. Furthermore, the fertility of mice in the EtOH-40 s group and the sham operation group was compared. As expected, the ethanol treatment time was positively correlated with the degree of uterine damage and kidney dysfunction in mice. In particular, the endometria of mice in the EtOH-40 s group were significantly thinner than those of mice in the sham operation group and exhibited severe necrosis, glandular loss, incomplete epithelial and glandular epithelial cell structure, severe tissue fibrosis, an activated inflammatory response, and a significant decrease in the number of fetuses, consistent with the clinical characteristics of severe IUA. In conclusion, this study resulted in successful establishment, by a minimally invasive transcervical ethanol perfusion technique, of a mouse model of endometrial injury, which could support an in-depth study of IUA pathogenesis and further promote the development of IUA therapies.
- Published
- 2020
34. Impact of summer heat stress on the thermal environment of bovine female genital tract
- Author
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Hossam El-Sheikh Ali, Youji Tamura, Go Kitahara, and Hiroshi Sameshima
- Subjects
Estrous cycle ,Female circumcision ,Heat index ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Summer heat ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Uterine horns ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,040201 dairy & animal science ,0403 veterinary science ,Early embryonic death ,Animal science ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Food Animals ,Vagina ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Cervix - Abstract
Summer heat stress (HS) is associated with a reduction in conception rate, increase in services per conception, and early embryonic death. However, the impact of summer HS on the thermal environment of different regions of the bovine female genital tract remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of summer HS on the thermal environment of different regions of the genital tract in the cow. Three non-pregnant Japanese Black cows were investigated using a specially designed digital thermometer to record the temperatures of the rectum (RT), vagina (VT), cervix (CT), uterine body (UBT), and uterine horns (UHT) on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 8 of the estrous cycle (day 0 = heat) in February (winter), May (spring), and August (summer). During the experiment, the temperature humidity index (THI) was recorded. THI during summer was higher (P ˂ 0.001) than in winter and spring (78.45 ± 0.32 vs. 60.26 ± 1.20 and 68.51 ± 0.80, respectively) and was higher than the alert THI indicating HS (i.e., THI > 73). Consequently, the VT, CT, UBT, and UHT were elevated during summer HS (P
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- 2020
35. Dynamique de l’involution utérine et de la croissance folliculaire pendant l’anoestrus postpartum chez le zébu peulh d’Afrique
- Author
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Auguste Yamboue, Boureima Traore, Boureima Harouna Karimou, and Moussa Zongo
- Subjects
Gynecology ,Estrous cycle ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Uterine Involution ,Uterine horns ,Zebu ,Reprise ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Follicular phase ,medicine ,Involution (medicine) ,business ,Cervix - Abstract
Les perspectives d’une remise en reproduction après vêlage, prennent en compte la durée de l’anoestrus postpartum. Cette durée dépendrait du délai d’involution utérine et du fonctionnement de l’axe gonado-hypothalamo-hypophysaire. L’objectif de cette étude a été d’apprécier les caractéristiques de l’anoestrus postpartum, notamment l’involution utérine complète et la reprise de l’activité ovarienne après la parturition chez la vache zébu Peuhl. Elle a concerné dix femelles (n = 10) d’âge et de poids moyens compris respectivement dans les intervalles [4 – 13] ans et [190 – 250] kg. Elles ont été examinées à partir deJ7 jusqu’à J100 postpartum, au moyen d’un échographe portable muni d’une sonde linéaire de 7,5 Mhz. Les clichés les plus représentatifs des cornes utérines, du cervix et des organites ovariens ont été enregistrés et analysés. La courbe de résorption utérine a montré une phase de régression rapide entre J7 et J16 suivi d’une phase lente entre J17 et J45.Ledélai moyen pour l’involution utérine a été 26,6 ± 2,11jours. La reprise de l’activité ovarienne a été observée dans un délai de 68,5 ± 6,11 jours. Ce délai varie en fonction de la parité (p = 0,04).Mots clés : Involution utérine, activité ovarienne, postpartum, zébu. English Title: Dynamics of uterine involution and follicular growth during anoestrus postpartum in African zebu Peulh The prospects for rebreeding after calving were strongly influenced by postpartum anestrus duration which depends on the time of complete uterine involution and ovarian activity resumption. The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of postpartum anestrus, in particular complete uterine involution and resumption of ovarian activity in the Peuhl zebu. It carried out on ten females (n = 10) which mean age and weight were extended between [4 - 13] years and [190 - 250] kg respectively. They were examined from Day 7 to Day 100 after calving by using a portable ultrasound scanner equipped with a 7.5 Mhz linear probe. The most representative images of uterine horns, cervix and ovarian structures have been frozen, recorded and exported for analyzing. The uterine resorption curve showed a rapid regression phase between Day 7 to 16 followed by a slow phase between D17 and D45. The mean time for uterine involution was 26.6 ± 2.11 days. Resumption of ovarian activity was observed within 68.5 ± 6.11 days. This time varies with parity (p = 0.04). Keywords: Uterine involution, ovarian activity, postpartum, Zebu cows
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- 2020
36. Comparison of the use of a vessel-sealing device versus ligatures for occlusion of uterine tissues during ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
- Author
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Euan J McLean, Andrew P. Woodward, and Stewart D. Ryan
- Subjects
congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,General Veterinary ,business.industry ,Occlusion ,Medicine ,Vessel sealing ,Uterine horns ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,business ,Bursting strength - Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the bursting strength of the uterine horns (UHs) and cervical-vestibule junction (CVJs) of rabbits following sealing with a vessel-sealing device (VSD) or encircling ligatures. SAMPLE UHs and CVJs collected from 30 rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) cadavers. PROCEDURES UHs and CVJs were randomly assigned to sealing with encircling Miller knot ligatures (LIG; n = 10 CVJs and 20 UHs) or a VSD (12 CVJs and 24 UHs). Lumens were infused with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution under pressure until seals burst or to a maximum pressure of 300 mm Hg. RESULTS For CVJs, median (range) bursting pressure of the LIG and VSD groups was > 300 mm Hg (224 to > 300 mm Hg) and 35 mm Hg (0 to 60 mm Hg), respectively. Five of 12 CVJs in the VSD group failed at pressures < 33 mm Hg. For UHs, median (range) bursting pressure of the LIG and VSD groups was 255 mm Hg (120 to > 300 mm Hg) and 154 mm Hg (range, 44 to 202 mm Hg), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The evaluated VSD was effective in sealing UHs at bursting pressures well in excess of expected physiologic pressures, indicating that the VSD may be useful for ovariectomy procedures in rabbits. However, CVJ seals created with the VSD were ineffective and could potentially burst at low pressures, which could predispose to urine entering the abdomen. Given these results, we do not recommend sealing of the CVJ with a VSD for ovariohysterectomy in rabbits.
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- 2020
37. Local influence of the corpus luteum on the ipsilateral oviduct and early embryo development in the ewe
- Author
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A. Fernández-Foren, D. Bosolasco, Martina Crispo, A. Graña-Baumgartner, N. Barrera, Alejo Menchaca, F. Cuadro, Ana Meikle, K. Neimaur, V. de Brun, Pc. dos Santos-Neto, and R. Núñez-Olivera
- Subjects
endocrine system ,animal structures ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Uterus ,Embryonic Development ,Ovary ,Biology ,Andrology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Food Animals ,Corpus Luteum ,medicine ,Animals ,Small Animals ,Ovulation ,Fallopian Tubes ,media_common ,Sheep ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,urogenital system ,Equine ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Uterine horns ,Embryo ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Embryo, Mammalian ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Embryo transfer ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oviduct ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Corpus luteum - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the local effect of the corpus luteum (CL) on ipsilateral oviduct-uterus functionality and early embryo development in ewes. A total of 499 embryos were transferred on Day 1 after in vitro fertilization into the ipsilateral (n = 250) and contralateral oviducts (n = 249) of 13 ewes on Day 1 after ovulation (18-20 embryos per oviduct). On Day 6, their reproductive tracts were collected and their uterine horns were flushed for embryo recovery. More recovered embryos, a higher proportion of blastocysts, and more viable embryos were collected when the embryos were transferred into the ipsilateral oviducts (P
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- 2020
38. Effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) administration and proestrus length on ovarian response, uterine functionality and pregnancy rate in beef heifers inseminated at a fixed-time
- Author
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R. Núñez-Olivera, V. de Brun, Alejo Menchaca, J. J. de la Mata, Gabriel A. Bó, F. Cuadro, Ana Meikle, D. Bosolasco, and C. Brochado
- Subjects
Ovulation ,endocrine system ,Pregnancy Rate ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Endometrium ,Chorionic Gonadotropin ,Andrology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Ovarian Follicle ,Ovulation Induction ,Food Animals ,Device removal ,Pregnancy ,Fixed time ,medicine ,Animals ,Small Animals ,Equine chorionic gonadotropin ,Insemination, Artificial ,media_common ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Equine ,business.industry ,Uterus ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Uterine horns ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Pregnancy rate ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cattle ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Estrus Synchronization ,business ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists - Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) administration associated to different proestrus lengths for Fixed-time AI (FTAI) in beef heifers. In Experiment 1, pre-pubertal heifers (n = 46) received a 6-day estradiol/progesterone-based treatment (J-Synch protocol), and were then allocated into four experimental groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design, to receive or not receive eCG (300 IU) at the time of intravaginal progesterone device removal, and to receive GnRH at 48 h or 72 h after device removal (to induce shortened and prolonged proestrus length, respectively). Endometrial samples were obtained 6 d after ovulation from the cranial portion of the uterine horn. The eCG administration induced greater serum estradiol-17β concentrations before ovulation (P 0.05) and greater proportion of heifers bearing a competent corpus luteum after ovulation (P = 0.054). Delaying GnRH administration from 48 h to 72 h induced a longer interval from device removal to ovulation (i.e., prolonged proestrus; P 0.05), larger diameter of the ovulatory follicle, and greater progesterone concentrations on Day 10-11 after ovulation. Heifers in eCG + GnRH72h group had more uterine receptors in luminal epithelium than those in eCG + GnRH48h group (PR and ERα), and than those in No eCG + GnRH72h group (PR) (P 0.05). No effect of eCG or GnRH treatments was found in endometrial gene expression of progesterone and estrogen receptors. In Experiment 2, a total of 2,598 heifers received the J-Synch protocol associated or not with eCG administration at device removal, followed by FTAI/GnRH at 60 or 72 h after device removal (i.e., prolonged proestrus protocol). Heifers that received eCG had greater P/AI than those not receiving eCG (P 0.05) and there was an interaction between eCG treatment and time of FTAI. The lowest P/AI was found in those heifers that received FTAI/GnRH at 72 h without eCG treatment at device removal (P 0.05), and no differences were found between the other experimental groups. In conclusion, prolonging the length of proestrus in J-Synch protocol improves ovulatory follicular diameter and luteal function; and the administration of eCG at device removal improves preovulatory estradiol concentrations and luteal function. Finally, P/AI was enhanced by eCG treatment and the improvement was more evident when FTAI/GnRH was performed at 72 h after device removal.
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- 2020
39. Evaluation of cervical and uterine size, at 4 weeks postpartum, as a predictor of subsequent fertility in Jersey cattle
- Author
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R. Molina-Coto, Pedro Melendez, Scott E. Poock, S.G. Moore, Matthew C. Lucy, Monica O. Caldeira, and Lauren M. Mayo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Jersey cattle ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Uterus ,Ice calving ,Fertility ,Cervix Uteri ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Lactation ,Animals ,Medicine ,Cervix ,Progesterone ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Ultrasonography ,media_common ,Gynecology ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,Postpartum Period ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Uterine horns ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cattle ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,business ,Corpus luteum ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Uterine and cervical size of Holstein dairy cows is reported among reasons for a decline in dairy cow fertility. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (a) determine whether size of the cervix and uterus at 4 weeks postpartum impacted subsequent fertility at first service in Jersey cattle, (b) determine whether progesterone level at 4 weeks postpartum impacted cyclicity and (c) the association of the presence of corpus luteum and uterus and cervix size. Body condition scores at calving, presence of postpartum diseases, parity number and milk weights were taken from lactating Jersey dairy cows (N = 147) for 28 days postpartum. During the fourth week postpartum, a blood sample was obtained for progesterone concentration, and transrectal ultrasonography was performed by a high-resolution ultrasound machine to determine cervical and uterine horn diameter, as well as ovarian structures measurements. Correcting for parity number, BCS at calving, presence of diseases and milk yield, cows with a cervix >2.54 ± 0.63 cm and uterine horn >2.25 ± 0.59 cm were less likely to become pregnant at first service (p = .04 and p = .003, respectively). The cows with larger cervix had a trend to be less likely to have a corpus luteum present at the 4th week of lactation (p = .067). Cows with larger uterine horn size were less likely to have a corpus luteum present at the 4th week of lactation (p = .015). It is concluded that a larger cervix and/or uterus during the postpartum was associated negatively with fertility and cyclicity in Jersey cows.
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- 2020
40. Evaluation of Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia and the Normal Estrous Cycle in Longitudinal Sections of Uterus from Female Harlan Sprague-Dawley Rats
- Author
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Kristen Hobbie and Darlene Dixon
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Developmental toxicity ,Uterus ,Estrous Cycle ,Toxicology ,030226 pharmacology & pharmacy ,Article ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Molecular Biology ,Cervix ,Estrous cycle ,urogenital system ,business.industry ,Histological Techniques ,Histology ,Uterine horns ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Cell Biology ,Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endometrial Hyperplasia ,Vagina ,Female ,business - Abstract
The National Toxicology Program (NTP) has recently introduced the practice of examining longitudinal histological sections of the female rodent uterus to improve the identification of non-neoplastic lesions, preneoplastic lesions, and uterine tumors. This practice has created a need for reference material that includes normal histology, spontaneous lesions, and inducible lesions in longitudinal as well as transverse sections of the body of the uterus, uterine horns, cervix and vagina. Using 3 archived NTP reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, the authors reviewed longitudinal and transverse sections of uteri from female Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD® (Hsd:SD) rats for cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH). The purposes of this review were to (1) evaluate if existing criteria for CEH in transverse uterine sections could be applied to longitudinal sections to develop diagnostic features of CEH in longitudinal uterine sections of rat uterus and (2) create an atlas of the normal estrous cycle phases in longitudinal sections of young and mature adult Hsd:SD rat uteri. The information provided in this original article should help facilitate the examination of longitudinal sections of the uterus in future commercial and governmental rodent studies.
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- 2020
41. Response to FSH (Folltropin-V) and hCG treatment on superovulation and embryo production in sheep under sub-tropical climate
- Author
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Utsav Sharma, Sudhir Kumar, Nishi Pande, Anil Kumar Kaul, Anil Kumar Pandey, and Seh Andrabi
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Estrous cycle ,endocrine system ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Embryo ,Uterine horns ,Biology ,Embryo transfer ,Andrology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Human fertilization ,medicine ,Seasonal breeder ,Ovulation ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Fallopian tube ,media_common - Abstract
The effectiveness of FSH (Folltropin-V) in two different doses (80 mg and 100 mg) with or without use of hCG was assessed on achieving superovulation and embryo production in sheep under sub-tropical climate of India. During the breeding season, 39 crossbred ewes were synchronized using progesterone impregnated intravaginal sponges kept in situ for 12 days. Superovulation treatment was given in two groups (80 mg FSH and 100 mg FSH) in six tapering dose schedule. Each group was subdivided in two groups, without hCG treatment or with hCG treatment 24hrs after removal of progesterone implant, thus making four treatment groups. The ewes were observed for estrus every 4h, on the 5th day following estrus ovarian response was evaluated using rigid laparoscope and ewes showing superovulation response were subjected to embryo collection using retrograde flushing of uterine horns after catheterization of the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube. No differences were found among the treatment groups in incidence of estrus and percentage of ewes showing superovulatory response. Treatment with hCG improved percent ovulation and fertilization percentage in superovulating ewes at higher dose of FSH (100 mg). Although additional treatment with hCG improved total ovarian response and percent ovulations, the mean number of viable embryos and number of unfertilized ova remained statistically unaffected. It is concluded that the FSH (folltropin-V) at 80 mg in six reducing dose schedule is suitable and economical for superovulation in ewes.
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- 2020
42. Chlamydia muridarum infection differentially alters smooth muscle function in mouse uterine horn and cervix
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Philip M. Hansbro, Phillip Jobling, Jay C. Horvat, Dirk F. van Helden, Jemma R. Mayall, Anne Chevalier, Huw McCarthy, and Jia Ming Lee
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Physiology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Receptors, Prostaglandin ,Interleukin-1beta ,Uterus ,Cervix Uteri ,Oviducts ,Dinoprost ,Reproductive Tract Infections ,Uterine contraction ,Mice ,Uterine Contraction ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oxytocics ,Receptor ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,biology ,Uterine horns ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Receptors, Oxytocin ,06 Biological Sciences, 11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Myometrium ,Cytokines ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Histamine ,Muscle Contraction ,medicine.drug ,Chlamydia muridarum ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Prostaglandin ,Dinoprostone ,Histamine Agonists ,Endocrinology & Metabolism ,03 medical and health sciences ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,RNA, Messenger ,Cervix ,Interleukin-6 ,Muscle, Smooth ,Chlamydia Infections ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Oxytocin ,chemistry ,Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype - Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis infection is a primary cause of reproductive tract diseases including infertility. Previous studies showed that this infection alters physiological activities in mouse oviducts. Whether this occurs in the uterus and cervix has never been investigated. This study characterized the physiological activities of the uterine horn and the cervix in a Chlamydia muridarum ( Cmu)-infected mouse model at three infection time points of 7, 14, and 21 days postinfection (dpi). Cmu infection significantly decreased contractile force of spontaneous contraction in the cervix (7 and 14 dpi; P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively), but this effect was not observed in the uterine horn. The responses of the uterine horn and cervix to oxytocin were significantly altered by Cmu infection at 7 dpi ( P < 0.0001), but such responses were attenuated at 14 and 21 dpi. Cmu infection increased contractile force to prostaglandin (PGF2α) by 53–83% in the uterine horn. This corresponded with the increased messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of Ptgfr that encodes for its receptor. However, Cmu infection did not affect contractions of the uterine horn and cervix to PGE2 and histamine. The mRNA expression of Otr and Ptger4 was inversely correlated with the mRNA expression of Il1b, Il6 in the uterine horn of Cmu-inoculated mice ( P < 0.01 to P < 0.001), suggesting that the changes in the Otr and Ptger4 mRNA expression might be linked to the changes in inflammatory cytokines. Lastly, this study also showed a novel physiological finding of the differential response to PGE2 in mouse uterine horn and cervix.
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- 2020
43. Conceptus-related measurements at early pregnancy in Black Bengal goat: an abattoir study
- Author
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Mohammad N. Hoque, Abu Nasar Md. Aminoor Rahman, Mohammad A. Rahman, Ziban Chandra Das, Anup Kumar Talukder, and Mohammad Tofazzal Islam
- Subjects
early pregnancy ,lcsh:R5-920 ,lcsh:Internal medicine ,biology ,urogenital system ,lcsh:Biotechnology ,black bengal goat ,Uterine horns ,Early pregnancy factor ,Andrology ,amniotic and allantoic fluid ,conceptus ,uterine horn ,lcsh:TP248.13-248.65 ,BENGAL ,embryonic structures ,biology.protein ,Conceptus ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,lcsh:RC31-1245 ,reproductive and urinary physiology - Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the conceptus-related changes during early pregnancy in the Black Bengal breed of goat. A total of 22 gravid genitalia of the Black Bengal goats were collected from local slaughterhouses. The crown-rump lengths (CRL) of the conceptuses were determined to estimate the gestational age (GA). The length and diameter of uterine horn and amniotic sac were measured, and volume of amniotic and allantoic fluid formed by individual conceptus were recorded. The results reveal that the CRL is positively correlated with GA of the conceptus (R2 = 0.89, p < 0.05); however, CRL was not influenced by number of conceptus. Both the left and the right uterine horn gradually increased in size with the advancement of pregnancy irrespective of conceptus number present in the horn. The size of the amniotic sac of conceptus gradually increased with the conceptus age but maintained spherical shape from 5 to 7 weeks of pregnancy. The amniotic fluid formed by individual conceptus rapidly increased from 5 weeks (3.4 ± 0.3 mL) to 7 weeks (21.0 ± 2.0 mL) and 9 weeks (111.5 ± 4.0 mL). The volume of allantoic fluid formed by individual conceptus was steadily increased until 7 weeks (60.0 ± 5.0 mL) and began to decline slowly thereafter (50.0 ± 5.0 mL at 9 weeks). Notably, there was no effect of conceptus number per pregnancy on individual amniotic and allantoic fluid volume. The cotyledons have first appeared on the allanto-chorionic surface from 4 to 5 weeks of pregnancy. The closed eye, nostril and hooves of the conceptus became visible at 7 weeks of pregnancy. The present study has shown the basic information on conceptus-related developmental changes during early pregnancy up to 9 weeks in Black Bengal goat.
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- 2020
44. Effect of the side of ovulation on the uterine morphometry, blood flow, progesterone, oestradiol and nitric oxide during spontaneous and induced oestrus in lactating dairy cows
- Author
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Amal M. Abo El-Maaty and Elshymaa A. Abdelnaby
- Subjects
Ovulation ,Dorsum ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Dinoprost ,Nitric Oxide ,Nitric oxide ,Andrology ,Endometrium ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Estrus ,Animals ,Lactation ,Progesterone ,media_common ,Estrous cycle ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,Estradiol ,Chemistry ,Uterus ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Ultrasonography, Doppler ,Uterine horns ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Blood flow ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Administration, Intravaginal ,Cattle ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biotechnology ,Hormone - Abstract
This study investigates the changes in endometrial thickness between ipsilateral and contralateral uterine horns, diameter, blood flow area and hormonal concentrations in cows during natural and induced oestrus. In the induced group, six cows received a controlled internal device insert for 7 days. In the normal and induced oestrous group (n = 12), Doppler was performed day after day from day 5 till day 15. Oestradiol, progesterone and nitric oxide metabolites (NOMs) were measured. Results showed that dorsal, ventral and cross-section diameter of the ipsilateral horn increased during the induced oestrous group to reach a maximum on day 2 than during normal one. The total coloured area in both horns in a normal and induced group was also affected (p < .001), as the total coloured area in the ipsilateral horns, increased in the induced group, reach a maximum on day 2 after ovulation, while in normal it reaches a maximum on day of ovulation. Oestradiol increased during the induced cycle than during the normal one, but progesterone increased during days after ovulation reaches a higher value on day 10 in both groups. Nitric oxide showed two peaks, one on the day 3 and another peak on day 5. Conclusion: The ipsilateral uterine horn different diameters and thickness increased more rapidly in the induced oestrous group than the natural oestrus group. A complete analysis of variations in P4 and E2 concentrations and endometrial thickness suggested that decreases in P4 concentrations were related to an increase in endometrial thickness and that increases in E2 concentrations enhanced these endometrial changes.
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- 2020
45. Management of Bilateral Uterine Horn Prolapse in a Queen Cat
- Author
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N. Arunmozhi, S. Rangasamy, K. Kulasekar, T. Sathiamoorthy, A. Sabarinathan, and U. S. Kalyaan
- Subjects
business.industry ,Medicine ,Uterine horns ,Anatomy ,business ,Queen (playing card) - Published
- 2020
46. Changes in the mast cell distribution in the canine ovary and uterus throughout the oestrous cycle
- Author
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Petr Cizek, Pavla Hamouzova, R. Vitasek, Frantisek Tichy, and A. Bartoskova
- Subjects
endocrine system ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Estrous Cycle ,Ovary ,Luteal phase ,Biology ,Endometrium ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Andrology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Dogs ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Follicular phase ,medicine ,Animals ,Tissue Distribution ,Mast Cells ,Ovulation ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,media_common ,Estrous cycle ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,urogenital system ,Uterus ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Myometrium ,Uterine horns ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,humanities ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
This is the first study describing the relation between the phase of the oestrous cycle and the number of mast cells (MCs) in the canine ovaries and uterine horns. The total number of MCs was counted in cortex ovarii, medulla ovarii, endometrium and myometrium. The number of MCs was compared in all of these areas among the bitches in the early follicular phase, luteal phase and anoestrus. MCs were the most numerous in the early follicular phase and in the luteal phase; however, they were significantly less numerous during anoestrus. Based on the results, it was concluded that the number of MCs in ovaries and uterine horns fluctuates during the oestrous cycle. The results of this study may contribute to clarifying the role of MCs in the reproductive organs of bitches.
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- 2020
47. Participation of acetylcholine and its receptors in the contractility of inflamed porcine uterus
- Author
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Jarosław Całka, K.K. Piotrowska-Tomala, Barbara Jana, and Michał Bulc
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Swine ,Uterus ,Endometrium ,Contractility ,Uterine Contraction ,Food Animals ,Internal medicine ,Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ,medicine ,Animals ,Small Animals ,Inflammation ,Receptor, Muscarinic M3 ,Swine Diseases ,Uterine Diseases ,Estrous cycle ,Receptor, Muscarinic M2 ,Equine ,business.industry ,Myometrium ,Uterine horns ,Pirenzepine ,Acetylcholine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
This study analyzed the effect of inflammation on acetylcholine (ACh)-induced muscarinic receptors (MR)2 and MR3 conducted contractility of the porcine uterus. On Day 3 of the estrous cycle, either E.coli suspension (E.coli group) or saline (SAL group) was injected into uterine horns or laparotomy was performed (CON group). Eight days later, infected gilts developed severe acute endometritis. Compared to the period before ACh treatment, ACh (10−5 M) increased the tension in myometrium (MYO) and endometrium/myometrium (ENDO/MYO) of the CON group (P 0.05) the tension. ACh (10−5 M) in ENDO/MYO of the E.coli group, reduced the tension compared to the CON group (P 0.05) the tension, but it was lower (P
- Published
- 2020
48. Characterization of an Adapted Murine Model of Intrauterine Inflammation–Induced Preterm Birth
- Author
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Nicole M. Anders, Mala Mahendroo, Peter Dimitrion, Jairo Ortiz, Irina Burd, Brigitte M. Ronnett, Morgan Scardina, Sabrine Bensouda, Thuy Hoang, Victoria Laney, Laura M. Ensign, Justin Hanes, and Hannah C. Zierden
- Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides ,0301 basic medicine ,Lipopolysaccharide ,Article ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Andrology ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Gene expression ,Animals ,Potency ,Medicine ,Cervix ,Evans Blue ,Inflammation ,Fetus ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,Uterus ,Uterine horns ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,medicine.disease ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Myometrium ,Premature Birth ,Female ,business - Abstract
Preterm birth (PTB) affects nearly 15 million infants each year. Of these PTBs, >25% are a result of inflammation or infection. Animal models have improved our understanding of the mechanisms leading to PTB. Prior work has described induction of intrauterine inflammation in mice with a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Herein, we have improved the reproducibility and potency of LPS in the model using two injections distal to the cervix. An in vivo imaging system revealed more uniform distribution of Evans Blue Dye using a double distal injection (DDI) approach compared with a single proximal injection (SPI). Endotoxin concentrations in vaginal lavage fluid from SPI dams were significantly higher than from DDI dams. At equivalent LPS doses, DDI consistently induced more PTB than SPI, and DDI showed a linear dose-response, whereas SPI did not. Gene expression in myometrial tissue revealed increased levels of inflammatory markers in dams that received LPS DDI compared with LPS SPI. The SPI group showed more significant overexpression in cervical remodeling genes, likely due to the leakage of LPS from the uterine horns through the cervix. The more reliable PTB induction and uniform uterine exposure provided by this new model will be useful for further studying fetal outcomes and potential therapeutics for the prevention of inflammation-induced PTB.
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- 2020
49. Dominant lethal mutations in rats fed extracts of Mucuna urens (Linn.)
- Author
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Eneobong Effiom Eneobong, Udoh Samnuel, and Etta Hannah Edim
- Subjects
Pharmacology ,Ethanol ,Dose ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Positive control ,Male contraceptive ,Uterine horns ,Plant Science ,Mucuna urens ,Biology ,Body weight ,Andrology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Dominant lethal ,Drug Discovery - Abstract
Dominant lethal mutation assay was carried out on rats after being treated with graded doses of ethanol extract of the seeds of Mucuna urens. Male albino rats (Wistar strain) were caged in three groups labeled, groups II, III and IV and treated with three different dosages of the ethanol extract of the seeds of M. urens; 70, 140 and 210 mg/kg body weight (BW), respectively, for 14 days. The positive control animals (group I), were treated with distilled water for the entire period. At the end of the feeding period of two weeks, they were co-habited with virgin female albino rats at a ratio of 1:1 for 3 days. 14 days after mating, the females were sacrificed for the dominant lethal mutation assay. The results of the dominant lethal mutation assay showed that only female rats in group II had implants on the uterine horn, of all the treated groups. The rats in groups III and IV did not have any implants at all. Biological evaluations (pre-implantation losses) carried out showed 0, 76, 100 and 100% lethal mutations in groups I, II, III and IV, respectively. The statistical evaluations obtained showed 8.6b ± 0.47, 6.6a ± 0.94, 0 ± 0.0 and 0 ± 0.0 in groups I, II, III and IV, respectively. Photographs of the corpora lutea were obtained using a digital camera (DCR-HC48E, KODAK). The results obtained can be attributed to the induction of dominant lethal mutations in spermatocytes and early spermatids in the male Albino rats, showing the mutagenic effect of the seeds of the plant M. urens and its potential as a male contraceptive. Key words: Mucuna urens seeds, dominant lethal mutations assay, mutagenesis, male Albino rats.
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- 2020
50. Laparoscopic resection of noncommunicating rudimentary uterine horn with functioning endometrium - report of two cases
- Author
-
Masaya Hirose, Shota Kanbayashi, Miho Masuda, Hajime Morishita, Yukiko Ando, Kenji Oida, Hiroshi Sato, and Makiko Ikeda
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,business.industry ,medicine ,Laparoscopic resection ,Uterine horns ,Endometrium ,business ,Surgery - Published
- 2020
Catalog
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