3,457 results on '"University of Queensland, Australia"'
Search Results
2. BRIDGING RADIAL AND NON-RADIAL MEASURES OF EFFICIENCY IN DEA
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AVKIRAN, Necmi Kemal, TONE, Kaoru, TSUTSUI, Miki, UQ Business School, The University of Queensland, Australia, 政策研究大学院大学 / National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies, and Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
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SBM ,DEA ,proportionality ,slacks ,CCR - Abstract
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been utilized worldwide for measuring efficiencies of banks, telecommunications, electric utilities and so forth. Yet, the existing models have some well known shortcomings that limit their usefulness. In DEA we have two fundamental approaches to measuring efficiency with very different characteristics; radial and non-radial. We demonstrate a method for linking these two approaches in a unified framework called Connected-SBM. It includes two scalar parameters, and by changing the parameter values we can relocate the analysis anywhere between the radial and the non-radial models. An appropriate choice of these parameters can overcome the key shortcomings inherent in the two approaches, namely, proportionality and mixed patterns of slacks., http://www.grips.ac.jp/list/facultyinfo/tone_kaoru/
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- 2007
3. Entanglement Manipulation and Concentration
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R. T. Thew and W. J. University of Queensland, Australia
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Physics ,Quantum discord ,Quantum Physics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Quantum entanglement ,Squashed entanglement ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Quantum mechanics ,Quantum metrology ,W state ,Amplitude damping channel ,Quantum Physics (quant-ph) ,Quantum teleportation ,No-communication theorem - Abstract
We introduce a simple, experimentally realisable, entanglement manipulation protocol for exploring mixed state entanglement. We show that for both non-maximally entangled pure, and mixed polarisation-entangled two qubit states, an increase in the degree of entanglement and purity, which we define as concentration, is achievable., Comment: Accepted as Rapid Communication PRA
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- 2000
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4. This title is unavailable for guests, please login to see more information.
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Director, Division of Social Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada, Instructor, National School of Theatre, Canada Rebecca Edwards; Writer in Residence, University of Queensland, Australia, MIYASAKA, KEIZO, Kirmayer, Laurence J., Montpetit, Jocelyne, Director, Division of Social Transcultural Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada, Instructor, National School of Theatre, Canada Rebecca Edwards; Writer in Residence, University of Queensland, Australia, MIYASAKA, KEIZO, Kirmayer, Laurence J., and Montpetit, Jocelyne
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Research team head, Research team member, Research team member
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- 2008
5. Towards a profitable and sustainable future for grain growers: A professional development model for farm partners
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Grain Research and Development Corporation partners-in-grain project; Conservation Farmers Incorporated, Murray, Chris; Apsilon, Toowoomba, Australia; cmurray2@bigpond.net.au, Condell, Jillian Anne; Apsilon, Toowoomba, Australia; condellj@bigpond.net.au, Murray, Peter John; University of Queensland, Australia; peter.murray@uq.edu.au, Grain Research and Development Corporation partners-in-grain project; Conservation Farmers Incorporated, Murray, Chris; Apsilon, Toowoomba, Australia; cmurray2@bigpond.net.au, Condell, Jillian Anne; Apsilon, Toowoomba, Australia; condellj@bigpond.net.au, and Murray, Peter John; University of Queensland, Australia; peter.murray@uq.edu.au
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Many Australian grain growers need to change their management approach to ensure their continued viability, but do not have the knowledge and skills to do this. Uptake of relevant education and training is poor, despite increasing recognition of the need for change and a positive correlation between learning, change and farm viability. As men are generally occupied with the operational aspects of the farm, much of the management role has been taken on by their partners, despite their lack of relevant formal qualifications. Professional development of farm partners therefore has the potential to improve the viability of grain growers.
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- 2005
6. Entanglement manipulation and concentration
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Thew, R. T., primary and University of Queensland, Australia, W. J., additional
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- 2001
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7. Endocrine regulation of blood flow and secretion rate in the salt gland of the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus
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Anderson, W., DeVries, I., Cramp, R., and Franklin, C.
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- 2007
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8. Osmoregulation in elasmobranch fish — A review
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Hazon, N., Anderson, G., Wells, A, Good, J., Pillans, R., and Franklin, C.
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- 2007
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9. A major root architecture QTL responding to water limitation in durum wheat
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<p>SA was supported by Monsanto’s Beachell-Borlaug International Scholars Program (MBBISP) Iowa, the United States and a Ph.D. scholarship from The University of Queensland, Australia (UQRS). LH was supported through an Early Career Discovery Research Award (DE170101296) from the Australian Research Council. Genotyping was supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO; Grant LoA/TF/W3B-PR-02/JORDAN/2016/AGDT).</p>, Alahmad, Samir, El Hassouni, Khaoula, Bassi, Filippo M., Dinglasan, Eric, Youssef, Chvan, Quarry, Georgia, Aksoy, Alpaslan, Mazzucotelli, Elisabetta, Juhász, Angéla, Able, Jason A., Christopher, Jack, Voss-Fels, Kai P., Hickey, Lee T., <p>SA was supported by Monsanto’s Beachell-Borlaug International Scholars Program (MBBISP) Iowa, the United States and a Ph.D. scholarship from The University of Queensland, Australia (UQRS). LH was supported through an Early Career Discovery Research Award (DE170101296) from the Australian Research Council. Genotyping was supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO; Grant LoA/TF/W3B-PR-02/JORDAN/2016/AGDT).</p>, Alahmad, Samir, El Hassouni, Khaoula, Bassi, Filippo M., Dinglasan, Eric, Youssef, Chvan, Quarry, Georgia, Aksoy, Alpaslan, Mazzucotelli, Elisabetta, Juhász, Angéla, Able, Jason A., Christopher, Jack, Voss-Fels, Kai P., and Hickey, Lee T.
- Abstract
Alahmad, S., El Hassouni, K., Bassi, F. M., Dinglasan, E., Youssef, C., Quarry, G., ... Hickey, L. T. (2019). A major root architecture QTL responding to water limitation in durum wheat. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, Article 436. Available here
10. Integrative analysis of clinical and epigenetic biomarkers of mortality
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Huan, Tianxiao, Nguyen, Steve, Colicino, Elena, Ochoa-Rosales, Carolina, Hill, W David, Brody, Jennifer A, Soerensen, Mette, Zhang, Yan, Baldassari, Antoine, Elhadad, Mohamed Ahmed, Toshiko, Tanaka, Zheng, Yinan, Domingo-Relloso, Arce, Lee, Dong Heon, Ma, Jiantao, Yao, Chen, Liu, Chunyu, Hwang, Shih-Jen, Joehanes, Roby, Fornage, Myriam, Bressler, Jan, van Meurs, Joyce B J, Debrabant, Birgit, Mengel-From, Jonas, Hjelmborg, Jacob, Christensen, Kaare, Vokonas, Pantel, Schwartz, Joel, Gahrib, Sina A, Sotoodehnia, Nona, Sitlani, Colleen M, Kunze, Sonja, Gieger, Christian, Peters, Annette, Waldenberger, Melanie, Deary, Ian J, Ferrucci, Luigi, Qu, Yishu, Greenland, Philip, Lloyd-Jones, Donald M, Hou, Lifang, Bandinelli, Stefania, Voortman, Trudy, Hermann, Brenner, Baccarelli, Andrea, Whitsel, Eric, Pankow, James S, Levy, Daniel, Ochoa‐Rosales, Carolina, Hill, W. David, Brody, Jennifer A., Domingo‐Relloso, Arce, Hwang, Shih‐Jen, van Meurs, Joyce B.J., Mengel‐From, Jonas, Gahrib, Sina A., Sitlani, Colleen M., Deary, Ian J., Lloyd‐Jones, Donald M., Pankow, James S., Meurs, Joyce B.J., National Institutes of Health (Estados Unidos), NIH - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (Estados Unidos), NIH - Center for Information Technology (Estados Unidos), NIH - National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (Estados Unidos), NIH - National Institute on Aging (NIA) (Estados Unidos), Fundación Merck Salud, Laughlin Family, Alpha Phi Foundation, Locke Charitable Foundation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (Estados Unidos), NIH - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) (Estados Unidos), Danish Council for Independent Research, Unión Europea. Comisión Europea. 7 Programa Marco, United States of Department of Health & Human Services, NIH - National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) (Estados Unidos), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Reino Unido), Royal Society (Reino Unido), Scottish Government, Age UK (Reino Unido), Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology (Reino Unido), Wellcome Trust, University of Edinburgh (Reino Unido), University of Queensland (Australia), Medical Research Council (Reino Unido), United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Massachusetts Veterans Education Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), Epidemiology, and Internal Medicine
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Epigenomics ,Male ,Aging ,DNA methylation ,Cell Biology ,DNA Methylation ,Cardiovascular disease ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Neoplasms ,Machine learning ,Humans ,Mortality ,Dna Methylation ,Cancer ,Cardiovascular Disease ,Machine Learning ,Biomarkers - Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) has been reported to be associated with many diseases and with mortality. We hypothesized that the integration of DNAm with clinical risk factors would improve mortality prediction. We performed an epigenome-wide association study of whole blood DNAm in relation to mortality in 15 cohorts (n = 15,013). During a mean follow-up of 10 years, there were 4314 deaths from all causes including 1235 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths and 868 cancer deaths. Ancestry-stratified meta-analysis of all-cause mortality identified 163 CpGs in European ancestry (EA) and 17 in African ancestry (AA) participants at p
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- 2022
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11. Basic income, cultural labour, and the creative arts: precedents and current experiments
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Basic Income Earth Network (BIEN) 2022 congress University of Queensland, Australia 26-28 September 2022 and Whiting, Sam
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- 2022
12. Discord as a quantum resource for bi-partite communication
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Ralph, Timothy [Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, Department of Physics, University of Queensland (Australia)]
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- 2014
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13. Field investigation of the quality of fresh and aged leachates from selected landfills receiving e-waste in an arid climate
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Muller, Jochen [National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology, The University of Queensland (Australia)]
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- 2014
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14. Tools for Evaluating the Content, Efficacy, and Usability of Mobile Health Apps According to the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments: Systematic Review
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Muro-Culebras, Antonio, Escriche-Escuder, Adrian, Martin-Martin, Jaime, Roldán-Jiménez, Cristina, De-Torres, Irene, Ruiz-Muñoz, Maria, Gonzalez-Sanchez, Manuel, Mayoral-Cleries, Fermin, Biró, Attila, Tang, Wen, Nikolova, Borjanka, Salvatore, Alfredo, Cuesta-Vargas, Antonio Ignacio, [Muro-Culebras,A, Escriche-Escuder,A, Martin-Martin,J, Roldán-Jiménez,C, Ruiz-Muñoz,M, Gonzalez-Sanchez,M, Cuesta-Vargas,AI] Grupo Clinimetría (F-14), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain. [Muro-Culebras,A, Cuesta-Vargas,AI] Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Malaga, Spain. [De-Torres,I] Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Málaga, Spain. [Mayoral-Cleries,F] Mental Health Unit, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Málaga, Spain. [Biró,A] ITWare, Budapest, Hungary. [Tang,W] Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom. [Nikolova,B] Arthaus, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia. [Salvatore,A] SensorID Snc, Boiano, Italy. [Cuesta-Vargas,AI] School of Clinical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Queensland University Technology, Queensland, Australia., and This study is part of a project that has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie actions (grant 823871 [Multi-dimensional Intervention Support Architecture for Gamified eHealth and mHealth Products]).
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Teléfono celular ,Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::Telemedicine [Medical Subject Headings] ,Evaluación ,Information Science::Information Science::Computing Methodologies::Software::Mobile Applications [Medical Subject Headings] ,Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Thinking::Decision Making::Consensus [Medical Subject Headings] ,Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Thinking::Esthetics [Medical Subject Headings] ,Aplicaciones móviles ,Information Science::Information Science::Medical Informatics [Medical Subject Headings] ,Telemedicina ,Teléfono inteligente ,Assessment ,Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings] ,Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Psychological Tests::Psychometrics [Medical Subject Headings] ,mHealth ,Mobile apps ,Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Evaluation Studies as Topic::Reproducibility of Results [Medical Subject Headings] ,Information Science::Information Science::Information Storage and Retrieval::Databases as Topic::Databases, Bibliographic::PubMed [Medical Subject Headings] ,Rating ,eHealth ,Mobile health ,Smartphone ,Health Care::Health Services Administration::Quality of Health Care::Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)::Outcome Assessment (Health Care) [Medical Subject Headings] ,Questionnaire design ,Mobile phone - Abstract
Background: There are several mobile health (mHealth) apps in mobile app stores. These apps enter the business-to-customer market with limited controls. Both, apps that users use autonomously and those designed to be recommended by practitioners require an end-user validation to minimize the risk of using apps that are ineffective or harmful. Prior studies have reviewed the most relevant aspects in a tool designed for assessing mHealth app quality, and different options have been developed for this purpose. However, the psychometric properties of the mHealth quality measurement tools, that is, the validity and reliability of the tools for their purpose, also need to be studied. The Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) initiative has developed tools for selecting the most suitable measurement instrument for health outcomes, and one of the main fields of study was their psychometric properties. Objective: This study aims to address and psychometrically analyze, following the COSMIN guideline, the quality of the tools that are used to measure the quality of mHealth apps. Methods: From February 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, 2 reviewers searched PubMed and Embase databases, identifying mHealth app quality measurement tools and all the validation studies associated with each of them. For inclusion, the studies had to be meant to validate a tool designed to assess mHealth apps. Studies that used these tools for the assessment of mHealth apps but did not include any psychometric validation were excluded. The measurement tools were analyzed according to the 10 psychometric properties described in the COSMIN guideline. The dimensions and items analyzed in each tool were also analyzed. Results: The initial search showed 3372 articles. Only 10 finally met the inclusion criteria and were chosen for analysis in this review, analyzing 8 measurement tools. Of these tools, 4 validated ≥5 psychometric properties defined in the COSMIN guideline. Although some of the tools only measure the usability dimension, other tools provide information such as engagement, esthetics, or functionality. Furthermore, 2 measurement tools, Mobile App Rating Scale and mHealth Apps Usability Questionnaire, have a user version, as well as a professional version. Conclusions: The Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale and the Measurement Scales for Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use were the most validated tools, but they were very focused on usability. The Mobile App Rating Scale showed a moderate number of validated psychometric properties, measures a significant number of quality dimensions, and has been validated in a large number of mHealth apps, and its use is widespread. It is suggested that the continuation of the validation of this tool in other psychometric properties could provide an appropriate option for evaluating the quality of mHealth apps. Yes
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- 2021
15. Effect‐Based Trigger Values for Mixtures of Chemicals in Surface Water Detected with In Vitro Bioassays
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Peta A. Neale, Beate I. Escher, Neale, Peta A., and 3Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia
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551.9 ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Cytotoxicity ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Water Purification ,03 medical and health sciences ,Specific mode of action ,Environmental Chemistry ,Bioassay ,Water pollution ,Effluent ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,In vitro ,Reporter gene assay ,Water quality ,Wastewater ,Environmental quality standard ,Environmental toxicology ,Biological Assay ,Drug metabolism ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Effect‐based trigger (EBT) values for in vitro bioassays are important for surface water quality monitoring because they define the threshold between acceptable and poor water quality. They have been derived for highly specific bioassays, such as hormone‐receptor activation in reporter gene bioassays, by reading across from existing chemical guideline values. This read‐across method is not easily applicable to bioassays indicative of adaptive stress responses, which are triggered by many different chemicals, and activation of nuclear receptors for xenobiotic metabolism, to which many chemicals bind with rather low specificity. We propose an alternative approach to define the EBT from the distribution of specificity ratios of all active chemicals. The specificity ratio is the ratio between the predicted baseline toxicity of a chemical in a given bioassay and its measured specific endpoint. Unlike many previous read‐across methods to derive EBTs, the proposed method accounts for mixture effects and includes all chemicals, not only high‐potency chemicals. The EBTs were derived from a cytotoxicity EBT that was defined as equivalent to 1% of cytotoxicity in a native surface water sample. The cytotoxicity EBT was scaled by the median of the log‐normal distribution of specificity ratios to derive the EBT for effects specific for each bioassay. We illustrate the new approach using the example of the AREc32 assay, indicative of the oxidative stress response, and 2 nuclear receptor assays targeting the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma and the arylhydrocarbon receptor. The EBTs were less conservative than previously proposed but were able to differentiate untreated and insufficiently treated wastewater from wastewater treatment plant effluent with secondary or tertiary treatment and surface water. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:487–499. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC., New effect‐based triggers were derived for bioassays that are responsive to many different chemicals with relatively low potency accounting for their mixture effects. AhR = arylhydrocarbon receptor; BEQ = bioanalytical equivalent concentration; EBT = effect‐based trigger; PPARγ = peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor gamma; SR = specificity ratio; WWTP = wastewater‐treatment plant., Global Water Research Coalition (GWRC)
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- 2021
16. Quantum entanglement in circuit QED
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Meaney, Charles [Centre for Quantum Computer Technology, School of Physical Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia QLD 4072 (Australia)]
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- 2008
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17. Theory of reverse combustion linking
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Klimenko, A [School of Engineering, University of Queensland (Australia)]
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- 2007
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18. Reframing conservation physiology to be more inclusive, integrative, relevant and forward-looking: reflections and a horizon scan
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Cooke, Steven J., Madliger, Christine L., Cramp, Rebecca L., Beardall, John, Burness, Gary P., Chown, Steven L., Clark, Timothy D., Dantzer, Ben, Barrera, Erick de la, Fangue, Nann A., Franklin, Craig E., Fuller, Andrea, Hawkes, Lucy A., Hultine, Kevin R., Hunt, Kathleen E., Love, Oliver P., MacMillan, Heath A., Mandelman, John W., Mark, Felix C., Martin, Lynn B., Newman, Amy E. M., Nicotra, Adrienne B., Robinson, Sharon A., Ropert‐Coudert, Yan, Rummer, Jodie L., Seebacher, Frank, Todgham, Anne E., Cooke, Steven, Madliger, Christine, Cramp, Rebecca, Burness, Gary, Chown, Steven, Clark, Timothy, De La Barrera, Erick, Fangue, Nann, Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, School of Biological Sciences [University of Queensland, Australia], University of Southern Queensland (USQ), School of Biological Sciences [Monash University, Australia], Monash University [Clayton], Department of Biology, Trent University [Canada], School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia], Deakin University [Victoria, Australia], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Department of Wildlife, Fish & Conservation Biology [University of California, Davis, USA], University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Brain Function Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hatherly Laboratories [Exeter, UK], University of Exeter, Desert Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, George Mason University, George Mason University, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor [Ca], Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life [New England Aquarium, USA], New England Aquarium, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research [Germany], Global Health and Infectious Disease Research [University of South Florida, USA], University of South Florida (USF), Department of Integrative Biology (University of Guelph), University of Guelph, Australian National University (ANU), School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences (SEALS) and Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions [Wollongong, Australia], University of Wollongong, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies (CoralCoE), James Cook University (JCU), School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08 [Australia) (University of Sydney), The University of Sydney, Department of Animal Science [Davis, USA] (University of California Davis), Haddon, Lindsay, School of Biological Sciences [Brisbane], University of Queensland [Brisbane], Department of Integrative Ecophysiology, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), University of Wollongong [Australia], Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Biological Sciences [Victoria, Australia] (Monash University), and Monash University [Victoria, Australia]
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0106 biological sciences ,Horizon scan ,Life on Land ,Physiology ,conservation physiology ,Sustainable Development Goals ,Marine Biology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,horizon scan ,Restoration ecology ,Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Structural Biology ,Evidence ,030304 developmental biology ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Sustainable development ,0303 health sciences ,evidence ,End user ,Ecological Modeling ,Life Sciences ,Conservation physiology ,Biodiversity ,Cognitive reframing ,Biological Sciences ,15. Life on land ,13. Climate action ,Perspective ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Forward looking ,Generic health relevance ,Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Applying physiological tools, knowledge and concepts to understand conservation problems (i.e. conservation physiology) has become commonplace and confers an ability to understand mechanistic processes, develop predictive models and identify cause-and-effect relationships. Conservation physiology is making contributions to conservation solutions; the number of ‘success stories’ is growing, but there remain unexplored opportunities for which conservation physiology shows immense promise and has the potential to contribute to major advances in protecting and restoring biodiversity. Here, we consider how conservation physiology has evolved with a focus on reframing the discipline to be more inclusive and integrative. Using a ‘horizon scan’, we further explore ways in which conservation physiology can be more relevant to pressing conservation issues of today (e.g. addressing the Sustainable Development Goals; delivering science to support the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration), as well as more forward-looking to inform emerging issues and policies for tomorrow. Our horizon scan provides evidence that, as the discipline of conservation physiology continues to mature, it provides a wealth of opportunities to promote integration, inclusivity and forward-thinking goals that contribute to achieving conservation gains. To advance environmental management and ecosystem restoration, we need to ensure that the underlying science (such as that generated by conservation physiology) is relevant with accompanying messaging that is straightforward and accessible to end users.
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- 2020
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19. Triple-differential cross section for electron-impact ionization of argon in a coplanar symmetric geometry at intermediate energies
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Lohmann, B [Faculty of Science and Technology, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia 4111 (Austria)]
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- 1995
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20. The first tropical ‘metal farm’
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Nkrumah, Philip Nti, Tisserand, Romane, Chaney, Rufus L., Baker, Alan J.M., Morel, Jean-Louis, Goudon, Romain, Erskine, Peter D., Echevarria, Guillaume, van der Ent, Antony, University of Queensland (UQ), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Chaney Environm, LSE, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), University of Melbourne, French National Research Agency through the national 'Investissements d'avenir' program (LABEX RESSOURCES21) ANR-10-LABX-21, French National Research Agency ANR-14-CE04-0005, Australian Research Council DE160100429, Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship, UQ Centennial Scholarship at The University of Queensland, Australia, ANR-10-LABX-0021/10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010), University of Southern Queensland (USQ), and ANR-10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010)
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région tropicale ,métallurgie ,BEARING ,FRACTIONATION ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,COMMERCIAL PHYTOEXTRACTION ,NICKEL TOLERANCE ,phyllanthus ,ultramafique ,CALCIUM ,sol métallifere ,SOIL ,phytoextraction ,nickel ,HYPERACCUMULATOR PLANTS ,VEGETATION ,steel industry ,ACCUMULATION - Abstract
Agromining is the chain of processes of phytoextraction of economically valuable elements by selected hyperaccumulator plants, and subsequent processing of biomass to produce targeted metals or commercial compounds of high value.Although substantial unrealized opportunities exist for developing economic nickel (Ni) agromining in the tropics, this technology has remained relatively unexplored.This study investigated the soil chemistry of a newly established tropical ‘metal farm’ and elucidated the performance of a prospective ‘metal crop’ species (Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi) to be used in a large-scale tropical Ni agromining program on ultramafic soils in Sabah (Malaysia). We found that a major portion of the site (>90%) had high total Ni concentrations (>2000 μg g−1) in the soil (shallow Eutric Cambisol Magnesic).This study also recorded high phytoavailable soil Ni concentrations in the field site, which is a desired property of soils intended for Ni agromining. Moreover, the average soil pH of the field (pH 6.4) is ideal for maximum Ni uptake in the local candidate species.We recorded low concentrations of Ca, K and P, suggesting the need for a fertilizer regime in the farm. The extraordinary shoot Ni concentrations (>2 wt%), coupled with the high purity of the ‘bio-ore’ derived from Phyllanthus rufuschaneyi, confirm its high potential for economic Ni agromining.The success of our first field trial is critical to provide ‘real-life’ evidence of the value of large-scale tropical ‘metal farming’. Research priorities include the need to intensify the search for candidate species, determine their agronomy, develop mass propagation methods, and to test technologies to process the biomass to recover valuable products.
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- 2019
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21. Homoeologous exchange is a major cause of gene presence/absence variation in the amphidiploid Brassica napus
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Graham J.W. King, Boulos Chalhoub, Bhavna Hurgobin, Agnieszka A. Golicz, Aria Dolatabadian, Birgit Samans, Chon-Kit Kenneth Chan, Jacqueline Batley, Isobel A. P. Parkin, Soodeh Tirnaz, Philipp E. Bayer, Juan D. Montenegro, Sarah Schiessl, David Edwards, Rod J. Snowdon, J. Chris Pires, University of Western Australia, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), University of Melbourne, Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Division of Biological Sciences [San Diego], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University (SCU), University of Queensland Research Scholarship (UQRS) - University of Queensland, Australia, Australian Research Council (ARC) [LP110100200, FT130100604, LP130100925, LP140100537 and DP160104497], Pawsey Supercomputing Centre, Australian Government, Government of Western Australia, Australian Genome Research Facility (AGRF), Queensland Cyber Infrastructure Foundation (QCIF), Australian Partnership for Advanced Computing (APAC), and Edwards, David
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0301 basic medicine ,pangenome ,Gene Conversion ,Plant Science ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,Plant disease resistance ,Genes, Plant ,canola ,genome structure ,03 medical and health sciences ,Quantitative Trait, Heritable ,Polyploid ,Gene Duplication ,Genetic variation ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,Brassica napus ,recombination ,Gene ,Research Articles ,2. Zero hunger ,Genetics ,Genetic diversity ,Vegetal Biology ,Genetic Variation ,Pan-genome ,food and beverages ,Diploidy ,030104 developmental biology ,Ploidy ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Gene Deletion ,Genome, Plant ,Biologie végétale ,Research Article ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Homoeologous exchanges (HEs) have been shown to generate novel gene combinations and phenotypes in a range of polyploid species. Gene presence/absence variation (PAV) is also a major contributor to genetic diversity. In the present study we show that there is an association between these two events, particularly in recent Brassica napus synthetic accessions, and that these represent a novel source of genetic diversity, which can be captured for the improvement of this important crop species. By assembling the pangenome of B. napus, we show that 38% of the genes display PAV behaviour, with some of these variable genes predicted to be involved in important agronomic traits including flowering time, disease resistance, acyl lipid metabolism and glucosinolate metabolism. This study is a first and provides a detailed characterisation of the association between HEs and PAVs in B. napus at the pangenome level. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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- 2018
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22. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants
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Uganda, Uganda Heart Institute, Uganda, World Health Organization, Switzerland, University of Oxford, United Kingdom, The University of the West Indies, Barbados, University of Auckland, New Zealand, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa, Seoul National University, South Korea, National Institute of Nutrition, India, Capital Medical University Beijing An Zhen Hospital, China, Robert Koch Institute, Germany, German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Germany, University of Zagreb, Croatia, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Uppsala University, Sweden, University of New South Wales, Australia, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social, Costa Rica, Al-Quds University, Palestine, Birzeit University, Palestine, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, The University of Adelaide, Australia, Mahidol University, Thailand, BRAC, Bangladesh, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutricion, Mexico, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Malaysia, Non- Communicable Diseases Research Center, Iran, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Germany, National Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Jordan, Kazakh National Medical University, Kazakhstan, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Egypt, Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre, India, Lille University and Hospital, France, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Norway, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Denmark, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, India, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Ghana, National Institute of Public Health, Tunisia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway, Strasbourg University and Hospital, France, Nepal Health Research Council, Nepal, University of Iceland, Iceland, University of Yaoundé 1, Cameroon, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil, Regional Authority of Public Health, Banska Bystrica, Slovakia, University of Porto Medical School, Portugal, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Indian Council of Medical Research, India, University of Science and Technology, Yemen, Medical University of Lodz, Poland, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain, University of Palermo, Italy, Pan American Health Organization, United States, Université Mohammed V de Rabat, Morocco, University of Pernambuco, Brazil, Dalhousie University, Canada, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Jordan, University of Sydney, Australia, University Tunis El Manar, Tunisia, CAFAM University Foundation, Colombia, University of Utah School of Medicine, United States, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Lithuania, University of São Paulo, Brazil, BJ Medical College, India, Chirayu Medical College, India, SL Jain Hospital, India, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, China, Ufa Eye Research Institute, Russian Federation, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark, University of Greenland, Greenland, University of Oslo, Norway, University of Gothenburg, Sweden, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands, University of Turin, Italy, University College London, United Kingdom, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Germany, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, CEMIC, Argentina, Toulouse University School of Medicine, France, University Hospital of Varese, Italy, Ministry of Health, Seychelles, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Ghent University, Belgium, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Venezuela, Bielefeld University, Germany, German Cancer Research Center, Germany, Cork Institute of Technology, Ireland, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Israel, Universidad de La Laguna, Spain, University of Malta, Malta, Vanderbilt University, United States, Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Canada, Istanbul University, Turkey, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil, Cardiologia di Mercato S. Severino, Italy, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, University of Porto, Portugal, Santiago de Compostela University, Spain, Associazione Calabrese di Epatologia, Italy, India Diabetes Research Foundation, India, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, National Institute of Medical Statistics, India, Academia Sinica, Taiwan, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, China, Duke University, United States, Kailuan General Hospital, China, The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Israel, University of Bern, Switzerland, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Romania, Murcia Regional Health Council, Spain, Seoul National University College of Medicine, South Korea, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, South Korea, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil, Medical University of Silesia, Poland, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Romania, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, Agency for Preventive and Social Medicine, Austria, University of Southampton, United Kingdom, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed, Italy, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France, CIBEROBN, Spain, National Council of Research, Italy, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil, Eduardo Mondlane University, Mozambique, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark, Lille University Hospital, France, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Netherlands, University of Montreal, Canada, French Public Health Agency, France, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Brazil, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina, National Institute of Nutrition, Viet Nam, University of Queensland, Australia, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Italy, Universidad de Cuenca, Ecuador, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany, Ministère de la Santé et de la Lutte Contre le Sida, Cote d'Ivoire, The Cardinal Wyszynski Institute of Cardiology, Poland, University of Latvia, Latvia, National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunisia, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Spain, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa, Karadeniz Technical University, Turkey, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland, Queen's University of Belfast, United Kingdom, University of Zurich, Switzerland, Centro de Salud Villanueva Norte, Spain, The University of the West Indies, Jamaica, Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva de la Serena, Spain, Ministry of Health, Argentina, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Italy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, University of Manchester, United Kingdom, University of Tartu, Estonia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, Umeå University, Sweden, Dalarna University, Sweden, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Spain, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Kindai University, Japan, Kyoto University, Japan, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, University of Catania, Italy, CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australia, Wageningen University, Netherlands, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Nepal, University of Insubria, Italy, Ministry of Health, Israel, The Andes Clinic of Cardio-Metabolic Studies, Venezuela, National Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Cuba, Université de Lille 2, France, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Czech Republic, Children'sMemorial Health Institute, Poland, Alexander Technological Educational Institute, Greece, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Poland, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Vittorio Emanuele, Italy, University of Novi Sad, Serbia, National Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, China, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Icelandic Heart Association, Iceland, Universidad Icesi, Colombia, King's College London, United Kingdom, International Agency for Research on Cancer, France, Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health, India, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, India, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Poland, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Argentina, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Denmark, Kyushu University, Japan, Tulane University, United States, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, Academic Medical Center of University of Amsterdam, Netherlands, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico, Oulu University Hospital, Finland, Chronic Diseases Research Center, Iran, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, University of Western Australia, Australia, Celal Bayar University, Turkey, Heart Institute, Brazil, Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Colombia, University of Oran 1, Algeria, Independent Public Health Specialist, Myanmar, Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Peking University, China, VU University Medical Center and VU University, Netherlands, American University of Beirut, Lebanon, Cairo University, Egypt, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Japan, Aga Khan University, Pakistan, UHC Zagreb, Croatia, Niigata University, Japan, Hadassah University Medical Center, Israel, Duke- NUS Medical School, Singapore, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatia, Heart Foundation, Australia, National Health Insurance Service, South Korea, Guangzhou 12th Hospital, China, Simon Fraser University, Canada, Ruprecht-Karls- University of Heidelberg, Germany, Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Denmark, World Health Organization Country Office, India, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland, University of Crete, Greece, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States, University of Eastern Finland, Finland, National Institute of Epidemiology, India, University of Münster, Germany, Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Noncommunicable Disease, Iran, VU University Medical Center, Netherlands, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Kyrgyzstan, Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Germany, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania, National Cancer Center, South Korea, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium, Tartu University Clinics, Estonia, Ministry of Health and Quality of Life, Mauritius, Polish Academy of Sciences Anthropology Unit in Wroclaw, Poland, University of Zürich, Switzerland, University of Groningen, Netherlands, North-West University, South Africa, National Institute of Public Health, Czech Republic, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, African Population and Health Research Center, Kenya, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Cuba, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sweden, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Iran, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Italy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Tampere University Hospital, Finland, University of Cape Town, South Africa, West Virginia University, United States, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rene Rachou Research Institute, Brazil, National Taiwan University, Taiwan, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany, Consejería de Sanidad Junta de Castilla y León, Spain, University of Uppsala, Sweden, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brazil, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan, National Research Council, Italy, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Brazil, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Russian Federation, Harokopio University, Greece, University of Otago, New Zealand, University of Padova, Italy, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland, CIBERCV, Spain, Emory University, United States, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Norway, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Health Studies, Panama, Brown University, United States, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Statistics Canada, Canada, University College Dublin, Ireland, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, France, Lusófona University, Portugal, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Italy, Ain Shams University, Egypt, Hypertension Research Center, Iran, University of Pécs, Hungary, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, South Korea, University Medical Science, Cuba, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain, RCSI Dublin, Ireland, La Trobe University, Australia, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Poland, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Gorgas Memorial Institute of Public Health, Panama, World Health Organization Country Office, Malawi, Department of Public Health, Myanmar, University of Brescia, Italy, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Ulm University, Germany, Kobe University, Japan, Suraj Eye Institute, India, University Medicine of Greifswald, Germany, INSERM, France, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Viet Nam, The University of Pharmacy and Medicine of Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, Hanoi Medical University, Viet Nam, National Hospital of Endocrinology, Viet Nam, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, United States, University of Turku Tyks, Finland, Heartfile, Pakistan, Eastern Mediterranean Public Health Network, Jordan, Tachikawa General Hospital, Japan, Academic Hospital of Paramaribo, Suriname, Ministry of Health, Brunei Darussalam, University of Madeira, Portugal, MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, United Kingdom, Aarhus University, Denmark, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana, Institute for Social and Preventive Medicine, Switzerland, University of Coimbra, Portugal, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Italy, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Germany, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Italy, Zayed University, United Arab Emirates, Catholic University of Daegu, South Korea, Jivandeep Hospital, India, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia, University Medical Center Utrecht, Netherlands, Vietnam National Heart Institute, Viet Nam, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cardiovascular Prevention Centre Udine, Italy, Ministry of Health and Medical Services, Solomon Islands, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Spain, University of Split, Croatia, Digestive Oncology Research Center, Iran, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Iran, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Ministry of Health, Viet Nam, University of Turku, Finland, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, University of Malaya, Malaysia, University of Valencia, Spain, University of the Philippines, Philippines, Minas Gerais State Secretariat for Health, Brazil, Health Center San Agustín, Spain, PharmAccess Foundation, Netherlands, Universidade Nove de Julho, Brazil, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada, Canarian Health Service, Spain, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Mexico, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research, India, Marmara University, Turkey, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Spain, University of Helsinki, Finland, National Institute of Health, Peru, Catalan Department of Health, Spain, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, University of Sao Paulo Clinics Hospital, Brazil, South Karelia Social and Health Care District, Finland, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Iran, Research and Education Institute of Child Health, Cyprus, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria, The University of Tokyo, Japan, Samsung Medical Center, South Korea, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil, St Vincent's Hospital, Australia, Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands, University of Bari, Italy, Lund University, Sweden, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Institut Régional de Santé Publique, Benin, University of Bordeaux, France, University of Leuven, Belgium, Bonn University, Germany, Sotiria Hospital, Greece, National Institute of Public Health- National Institute of Hygiene, Poland, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan, Ministry of Health, Jordan, Health Service of Murcia, Spain, IB-SALUT Area de Salut de Menorca, Spain, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France, Hellenic Health Foundation, Greece, GovernmentMedical College, India, Sefako Makgatho Health Science University, South Africa, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Ministry of Health, New Zealand, Universidad Centro-Occidental Lisandro Alvarado, Venezuela, University of Tampere Tays Eye Center, Finland, Utrecht University, Netherlands, Hanoi University of Public Health, Viet Nam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Netherlands, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Finland, Universidad Miguel Hernandez, Spain, North Karelian Center for Public Health, Finland, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa, University of Strasbourg, France, Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia, Xinjiang Medical University, China, Capital Medical University, China, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, Poland, Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture, China, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China, University of Cyprus, Cyprus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, Inner Mongolia Medical University, China, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain, State University of Montes Claros, Brazil, and University of Limpopo, South Africa
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sense organs - Abstract
Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups. © The Author(s) 2018.
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- 2018
23. Nickel hyperaccumulation in Antidesma montis-silam : from herbarium discovery to collection in the native habitat
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Philip Nti Nkrumah, Antony van der Ent, Peter D. Erskine, Guillaume Echevarria, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), French National Research Agency (ANR-10-LABX-21, ANR-14-CE04-0005), Australian Research Council (DE160100429), Australian Government, and University of Queensland, Australia
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0106 biological sciences ,Co-accumulation ,Dimethylglyoxime ,Hyperaccumulator ,Nickel ,XRF scanning ,Antidesma ,spectroscopie à fluorescence ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,herbier ,analyse non destructive ,phyllanthaceae ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Genus ,Botany ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,biology ,Antidesma puncticulatum ,15. Life on land ,Phyllanthaceae ,biology.organism_classification ,manganèse ,Taxon ,Herbarium ,Habitat ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,malaisie ,plante hyperaccumulatrice de métaux ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
International audience; The majority of nickel hyperaccumulator plant species have been discovered by screening using a field spot test based on dimethylglyoxime. Recently, the use of a portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy instruments has enabled non-destructive analyses of existing herbarium collections. Given that the family Phyllanthaceae globally has the greatest numbers of hyperaccumulators, all available specimens from this family, including the speciose genus Antidesma, at the Forest Research Centre Herbarium in Sabah, Malaysia, were analysed. The results reveal 9 new manganese hyperaccumulators in the genus Antidesma, including Antidesma puncticulatum, with manganese concentrations reaching up to 46,400 A mu g g(-1). Prior to this study, only one manganese hyperaccumulator had been recorded in Sabah. The present study is the first to discover nickel hyperaccumulator plant species (four species) in the genus Antidesma, including Antidesma montis-silam with concentrations reaching up to 32,700 A mu g g(-1). Further collection and analyses of plant material of Antidesma montis-silam in the native habitat confirmed the high foliar nickel concentrations. The high nickel hyperaccumulating characteristic and ostensibly fast growth rate of Antidesma montis-silam infer potential for use in agromining technology. Some species in the genus Antidesma exhibit co-accumulation of manganese and nickel. This case-study shows how herbarium XRF screening can lead to discovery of taxa with unique properties.
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- 2018
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24. Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015: a pooled analysis of 1479 population-based measurement studies with 19·1 million participants
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Zhou, B. and Bentham, J. and Di Cesare, M. and Bixby, H. and Danaei, G. and Cowan, M.J. and Paciorek, C.J. and Singh, G. and Hajifathalian, K. and Bennett, J.E. and Taddei, C. and Bilano, V. and Carrillo-Larco, R.M. and Djalalinia, S. and Khatibzadeh, S. and Lugero, C. and Peykari, N. and Zhang, W.Z. and Lu, Y. and Stevens, G.A. and Riley, L.M. and Bovet, P. and Elliott, P. and Gu, D. and Ikeda, N. and Jackson, R.T. and Joffres, M. and Kengne, A.P. and Laatikainen, T. and Lam, T.H. and Laxmaiah, A. and Liu, J. and Miranda, J.J. and Mondo, C.K. and Neuhauser, H.K. and Sundström, J. and Smeeth, L. and Sorić, M. and Woodward, M. and Ezzati, M. and Abarca-Gómez, L. and Abdeen, Z.A. and Rahim, H.A. and Abu-Rmeileh, N.M. and Acosta-Cazares, B. and Adams, R. and Aekplakorn, W. and Afsana, K. and Aguilar-Salinas, C.A. and Agyemang, C. and Ahmadvand, A. and Ahrens, W. and Al Raddadi, R. and Al Woyatan, R. and Ali, M.M. and Alkerwi, A. and Aly, E. and Amouyel, P. and Amuzu, A. and Andersen, L.B. and Anderssen, S.A. and Ängquist, L. and Anjana, R.M. and Ansong, D. and Aounallah-Skhiri, H. and Araújo, J. and Ariansen, I. and Aris, T. and Arlappa, N. and Aryal, K. and Arveiler, D. and Assah, F.K. and Assunção, M.C.F. and Avdicová, M. and Azevedo, A. and Azizi, F. and Babu, B.V. and Bahijri, S. and Balakrishna, N. and Bandosz, P. and Banegas, J.R. and Barbagallo, C.M. and Barceló, A. and Barkat, A. and Barros, A.J.D. and Barros, M.V. and Bata, I. and Batieha, A.M. and Baur, L.A. and Beaglehole, R. and Romdhane, H.B. and Benet, M. and Benson, L.S. and Bernabe-Ortiz, A. and Bernotiene, G. and Bettiol, H. and Bhagyalaxmi, A. and Bharadwaj, S. and Bhargava, S.K. and Bi, Y. and Bikbov, M. and Bjerregaard, P. and Bjertness, E. and Björkelund, C. and Blokstra, A. and Bo, S. and Bobak, M. and Boeing, H. and Boggia, J.G. and Boissonnet, C.P. and Bongard, V. and Braeckman, L. and Brajkovich, I. and Branca, F. and Breckenkamp, J. and Brenner, H. and Brewster, L.M. and Bruno, G. and 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Horta, B.L. and Houti, L. and Howitt, C. and Htay, T.T. and Htet, A.S. and Hu, Y. and Huerta, J.M. and Husseini, A.S. and Huybrechts, I. and Hwalla, N. and Iacoviello, L. and Iannone, A.G. and Ibrahim, M.M. and Ikram, M.A. and Irazola, V.E. and Islam, M. and Ivkovic, V. and Iwasaki, M. and Jacobs, J.M. and Jafar, T. and Jamrozik, K. and Janszky, I. and Jasienska, G. and Jelakovic, B. and Jiang, C.Q. and Johansson, M. and Jonas, J.B. and Jørgensen, T. and Joshi, P. and Juolevi, A. and Jurak, G. and Jureša, V. and Kaaks, R. and Kafatos, A. and Kalter-Leibovici, O. and Kamaruddin, N.A. and Kasaeian, A. and Katz, J. and Kauhanen, J. and Kaur, P. and Kavousi, M. and Kazakbaeva, G. and Keil, U. and Boker, L.K. and Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S. and Kelishadi, R. and Kemper, H.C.G. and Kersting, M. and Key, T. and Khader, Y.S. and Khalili, D. and Khang, Y.-H. and Khaw, K.-T. and Kiechl, S. and Killewo, J. and Kim, J. and Klumbiene, J. and Kolle, E. and Kolsteren, P. and Korrovits, P. and Koskinen, 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and Cisneros, J.Z. and Zhu, D. and Eggertsen, R. and NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC), Imperial College London, United Kingdom, Middlesex University, United Kingdom, World Health Organization, Switzerland, University of California, Berkeley, United States, Tufts University, United States, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Brandeis University, United States, Mulago Hospital, Uganda, Yale University, United States, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, Ministry of Health, Seychelles, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, China, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Japan, University of Auckland, New Zealand, Simon Fraser University, Canada, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, National Institute of Nutrition, India, Capital Medical University Beijing An Zhen Hospital, China, Robert Koch Institute, Germany, 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Netherlands, Research Institute of Child Nutrition, Germany, Seoul National University, South Korea, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania, National Cancer Center, South Korea, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Belgium, Tartu University Clinics, Estonia, Polish Academy of Sciences Anthropology Unit in Wroclaw, Poland, University of Groningen, Netherlands, North-West University, South Africa, National Institute of Public Health, Czech Republic, University of Jyväskylä, Finland, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, India, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, African Population and Health Research Center, Kenya, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Cuba, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sweden, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Iran, Food and Agriculture Organization, Italy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Tampere University Hospital, Finland, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 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Research, Malaysia, Xinjiang Medical University, China, Beijing Tongren Hospital, China, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom, Medical University of Vienna, Austria, Institute of Food and Nutrition Development of Ministry of Agriculture, China, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China, University of Cyprus, Cyprus, Ministry of Health, Malaysia, and Inner Mongolia Medical University, China
- Abstract
Background Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Methods For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or community population-based studies that had measured blood pressure in adults aged 18 years and older. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1975 to 2015 in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of raised blood pressure for 200 countries. We calculated the contributions of changes in prevalence versus population growth and ageing to the increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure. Findings We pooled 1479 studies that had measured the blood pressures of 19·1 million adults. Global age-standardised mean systolic blood pressure in 2015 was 127·0 mm Hg (95% credible interval 125·7–128·3) in men and 122·3 mm Hg (121·0–123·6) in women; age-standardised mean diastolic blood pressure was 78·7 mm Hg (77·9–79·5) for men and 76·7 mm Hg (75·9–77·6) for women. Global age-standardised prevalence of raised blood pressure was 24·1% (21·4–27·1) in men and 20·1% (17·8–22·5) in women in 2015. Mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure decreased substantially from 1975 to 2015 in high-income western and Asia Pacific countries, moving these countries from having some of the highest worldwide blood pressure in 1975 to the lowest in 2015. Mean blood pressure also decreased in women in central and eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and, more recently, central Asia, Middle East, and north Africa, but the estimated trends in these super-regions had larger uncertainty than in high-income super-regions. By contrast, mean blood pressure might have increased in east and southeast Asia, south Asia, Oceania, and sub-Saharan Africa. In 2015, central and eastern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and south Asia had the highest blood pressure levels. Prevalence of raised blood pressure decreased in high-income and some middle-income countries; it remained unchanged elsewhere. The number of adults with raised blood pressure increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1·13 billion in 2015, with the increase largely in low-income and middle-income countries. The global increase in the number of adults with raised blood pressure is a net effect of increase due to population growth and ageing, and decrease due to declining age-specific prevalence. Interpretation During the past four decades, the highest worldwide blood pressure levels have shifted from high-income countries to low-income countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa due to opposite trends, while blood pressure has been persistently high in central and eastern Europe. Funding Wellcome Trust. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license
- Published
- 2017
25. Comparison of VILIP-1 and VILIP-3 binding to phospholipid monolayers
- Author
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Conan K. Wang, Andreas Hofmann, Agnès Girard-Egrot, Samuel Rebaud, Lyndel Mason, Anne Simon, Loïc J. Blum, Depierre, Frédérique, Génie Enzymatique, Membrane Biomimétique et Assemblages Supramoléculaires (GEMBAS), Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Structural Chemistry Program, Eskitis InstituteGriffith - University Brisbane - Queensland - Australia
- Subjects
Cell Membranes ,Plasma protein binding ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,[SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM] ,Phospholipids ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Chemistry ,Peripheral membrane protein ,Conjugated Proteins ,Lipids ,Membrane ,Cytochemistry ,Medicine ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Cellular Structures and Organelles ,medicine.symptom ,Protein Binding ,Research Article ,Lipoproteins ,Science ,Biophysics ,Phospholipid ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calcium ,03 medical and health sciences ,Escherichia coli ,medicine ,[SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM] ,Molecular Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,Myristoylation ,Cell Membrane ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Membrane Proteins ,Cell Biology ,Mechanism of action ,Membrane protein ,Neurocalcin ,Molecular Complexes ,Membrane Characteristics ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroscience - Abstract
International audience; The neuronal calcium sensor proteins Visinin-like Proteins 1 (VILIP-1) and 3 (VILIP-3) are effectors of guanylyl cyclase and acetyl choline receptors, and transduce calcium signals in the brain. The “calcium-myristoyl” switch, which involves a post-translationally added myristoyl moiety and calcium binding, is thought to regulate their membrane binding capacity and therefore, play a critical role in their mechanism of action. In the present study, we investigated the effect of membrane composition and solvent conditions on the membrane binding mechanisms of both VILIPs using lipid monolayers at the air/buffer interface. Results based on comparison of the adsorption kinetics of the myristoylated and non-myristoylated proteins confirm the pivotal role of calcium and the exposed myristol moiety for sustaining the membrane-bound state of both VILIPs. However, we also observed binding of both VILIP proteins in the absence of calcium and/or myristoyl conjugation. We propose a two-stage membrane binding mechanism for VILIP-1 and VILIP-3 whereby the proteins are initially attracted to the membrane surface by electrostatic interactions and possibly by specific interactions with highly negatively charged lipids head groups. The extrusion of the conjugated myristoyl group, and the subsequent anchoring in the membrane constitutes the second stage of the binding mechanism, and ensures the sustained membrane-bound form of these proteins.
- Published
- 2014
26. Dairy powders
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P. Schuck, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Absent, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Bhesh Bhandari, Nidhi Bansal, University of Queensland, Australia, Min Zhang, Jiangnan University, China and Pierre Schuck, INRA, France
- Subjects
séchage ,poudre de lait ,Materials science ,qualité ,Dairy industry ,Pulp and paper industry ,Residence time (fluid dynamics) ,law.invention ,law ,protéine ,industrie alimentaire ,Scientific method ,Spray drying ,[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering ,génie des procédés ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,production ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Filtration ,énergie - Abstract
Using hot air to stabilize the dairy ingredients, spray drying is a valuable technique for water evaporation. In view of the continuing development of filtration processes, the dairy industry requires greater understanding of the effects of spray drying on the quality of protein powders. The residence time of the droplet followed by the powder is so short that it is very difficult to study the mechanism of the structural change without fundamental research into relationships with the process/product interactions. After an introduction to spray drying, this chapter covers areas on the effects of drying on dairy powder properties and its factors affecting these properties.
- Published
- 2013
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27. Infant formula powders
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Peng Zhu, Eric Blanchard, Pierre Schuck, LISA RD, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Laiterie de Montaigu, Absent, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Bhesh Bhandari, Nidhi Bansal, University of Queensland, Australia, Min Zhang, Jiangnan University, China and Pierre Schuck, INRA, France
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séchage ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,poudre ,business.industry ,conservation ,formulation ,qualité nutritive ,Breast milk ,lait ,Developmental psychology ,Infant formula ,industrie alimentaire ,[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering ,Medicine ,génie des procédés ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,business ,enfant ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition - Abstract
Human milk is the best food for all human infants. However, there are situations where the mother cannot or does not want to breastfeed. In such situations, an alternative food is necessary: an infant formula. The aim of infant formulae is thus to try to mimic the composition and function of breast milk and to provide a formula-fed infant with the same growth and development as an exclusively breastfed infant. Considerable progress has been made in recent years in this field. We provide here a general overview of the infant formula market, formula composition, classification and production.
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- 2013
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28. Powdered egg
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R. Jeantet, V. Lechevalier, Françoise Nau, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Absent, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Bhesh Bhandari, Nidhi Bansal, University of Queensland, Australia, Min Zhang, Jiangnan University, China and Pierre Schuck, INRA, France
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0106 biological sciences ,séchage ,poudre ,Food industry ,jaune d'oeuf ,formulation ,Bacterial growth ,01 natural sciences ,Ingredient ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,010608 biotechnology ,Dry heating ,[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Food science ,Egg powder ,2. Zero hunger ,blanc d'oeuf ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,qualité ,Powdered egg ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040401 food science ,industrie alimentaire ,Spray drying ,embryonic structures ,oeuf ,business ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Egg white - Abstract
Egg powders are used in many sectors of the food industry since they are easy to handle in a safe manner, are not susceptible to bacterial growth, and can utilize precise water dosing in their formulation. Egg powders provide consumers with advanced characteristics as well as technological advantages that are not found in liquid egg products. To compete with other functional ingredients, egg powder products are often specifically designed for customers’ formulations, a technique greatly enhanced by the ingredient’s diverse technical possibilities.
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- 2013
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29. Agglomeration/granulation in food powder production
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Thierry Ruiz, Bernard Cuq, K. Saleh, Sandra Mandato, Romain Jeantet, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Transformation Intégrée de la Matière Renouvelable (TIMR), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Absent, Bhesh Bhandari, Nidhi Bansal, University of Queensland, Australia, Min Zhang, Jiangnan University, China and Pierre Schuck, INRA, France, and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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poudre ,Physicochemical Phenomenon ,Materials science ,aliment ,02 engineering and technology ,Granulation ,granulation ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Food science ,procédé industriel ,propriété physico-chimique ,Economies of agglomeration ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,040401 food science ,Unit operation ,agglomération ,Chemical engineering ,Agglomerate ,Food products ,Particle ,assemblage des particules ,0210 nano-technology ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition - Abstract
Agglomeration is a unit operation during which native particles are assembled to form bigger agglomerates, in which the original particle can still be distinguished. Agglomeration is considered to improve the functionality of food powders. Both physical and physicochemical phenomena must be considered when describing agglomeration. Food powders react when exposed to high temperatures and/or the addition of liquid, that is, their molecules can undergo irreversible physicochemical changes under these conditions. In this chapter, the agglomeration of food powders is described, from the generic concepts through to specificities associated with their physicochemical reactivity.
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- 2013
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30. To Smooth or Not to Smooth? The Case of Discrete Variables in Nonparametric Regressions
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Simar, Léopold, Zelenyuk, Valentin, UCL - SSH/IMMAQ/ISBA - Institut de Statistique, Biostatistique et Sciences Actuarielles, and University of Queensland, Australia - School of Economics and Centre for Efficiency and Productivity Analysis
- Subjects
Kernel smoothing ,Cross-validation ,Nonparametric regression ,Discrete regressors ,Local Polynomial Estimator - Abstract
In a seminal paper, Racine and Li, (Journal of Econometrics, 2004) introduce a tool which admits discrete and categorical variables as regressors in nonparametric regressions. The method is similar to the smoothing techniques for continuous regressors but uses discrete kernels. In the literature, it is generally admitted that it is always better to smooth the discrete variables. In this paper we investigate the potential problem linked to the bandwidths selection for the continuous variable due to the presence of the discrete variables. We find that in some cases, the performance of the resulting regression estimates may be deteriorated by smoothing the discrete variables in the way addressed so far in the literature, and that a fully separate estimation (without any smoothing of the discrete variable) may provide significantly better results, and we explain why this may happen. The problem being posed, we then suggest how to use the Racine and Li approach to overcome these difficulties and to provide estimates with better performances. We investigate through some simulated data sets and by more extensive Monte-Carlo experiments the performances of all the proposed approaches and we find that, as expected, our suggested approach has the best performances. We also briefly illustrate the consequences of these issues on the estimation of the derivatives of the regression. Finally, we exemplify the phenomenon with an empirical illustration. Our main objective is to warn the practitioners of the potential problems posed bysmoothing discrete variables by using the so far available softwares and to suggest a safer approach to implement the procedure.
- Published
- 2011
31. Darwin's scientific gardener: John Scott, the 'physiological test' and the importance of character in Victorian science.
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Hesketh I
- Abstract
This essay examines the working relationship between Charles Darwin and the Edinburgh gardener John Scott that developed in the wake of the publishing of the Origin of Species (1859). As the essay shows, Darwin sought to utilize Scott's horticultural knowledge and experimental expertise in order to provide some of the specialized botanical evidence that the Origin was not intended to provide. Scott, meanwhile, sought to use Darwin's patronage and tutelage in order to overcome his modest status as a gardener while making contributions to scientific knowledge. And for an intense two-year period (1862-4), Darwin and Scott's relationship was productive and mutually beneficial: not only did Scott's work supplement Darwin's ongoing botanical research on sexual development and fertility, but also his Primula experiments appeared to provide 'physiological' evidence of speciation via selective breeding. What the essay argues, however, is that there were limits to what Scott was able to achieve due in part to his social standing and perceived character that ultimately cast a shadow over his findings.
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- 2025
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32. Stroke incidence, trends, and geographic disparities in Ghana: An analysis of nationwide health facility records.
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Kanmiki EW, Oguoma VM, Mayeden S, Kofitse SK, Nonterah EA, Akazili J, and Mamun AA
- Abstract
Objectives: Despite the increasing burden of stroke and its effects in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a paucity of empirical studies on the burden of stroke and its risk factors to help guide targeted interventions in the region. This study examines the incidence, trends and some factors associated with stroke cases in Ghana., Study Design: Retrospective analysis of observational routinely collected data., Methods: Empirical data of confirmed stroke cases from all government-affiliated healthcare facilities were extracted from the District Health Information Management Systems of the Ghana Health Service spanning 2016-2021. Variables include stroke case counts by sex, age group and location. Cartographic geospatial mapping of stroke case density and negative binomial regressions were employed to assess trends and factors associated with stroke., Results: Stroke cases increased by more than two-fold in just six years (from 10,732 to 23,009). The rates for people 35-59years (IRR = 5.06, 95% CI: 4.04-6.63) and those above 60 years (IRR = 6.29, 95% CI: 5.01-7.88) were 5 and 6 times higher compared with 0-35year old. The rate of stroke in the year 2021 was 61 % higher than in 2016 (IRR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.18-2.21). People in the northern savannah ecological zone had 77 % lower rate of stroke compared with those in the coastal zone of Ghana (IRR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.18-0.30)., Conclusions: The incidence of stroke in Ghana is rising across all age groups, sexes and locations with a trajectory of early onset within the life course. There is an urgent need for the implementation of public health interventions for early detection, prevention and management of stroke cases in the country., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2025
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33. Serious adverse events associated with conservative physical procedures directed towards the cervical spine: A systematic review.
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Leung B, Treleaven J, Dinsdale A, Marsh L, and Thomas L
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- Humans, Neck Pain therapy, Neck Pain etiology, Manipulation, Spinal adverse effects, Manipulation, Spinal methods, Cervical Vertebrae injuries
- Abstract
Background: Previous reviews on serious adverse events (SAEs) following physical interventions involving the neck have focused on vascular SAEs or those related to cervical manipulation., Objective: To review the evidence for all serious adverse events associated with any physical cervical procedures and describe SAE characteristics., Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science and Index to Chiropractic Literature from inception to May 2023 for studies reporting characteristics of SAE following any neck intervention and patient demographics., Results: Two hundred and thirty-three studies describing 334 SAE cases were identified. Forty-one were reported in the last 5 years. The results confirmed findings of past reviews with most events being vascular (58%) and mainly arterial dissection or vertebral artery related and the majority involving manipulation (75%). However lesser-known SAES ie neurological (25%), combined vascular/neurological (12%) and others (5%) which included cases such as cerebrospinal fluid leaks, phrenic nerve palsies and retinal detachments were identified. Further, some followed procedures such as vestibular testing, gentle mobilization, exercises, acupuncture or even massage. Initial symptoms included sharp increases in headache/neck pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and altered sensation, during treatment or within 48 h, often preceding neurological signs. Most recovered favourably (62%), 16% with disability, 6% died, the rest were unspecified., Conclusion: Most SAEs were vascular and associated with manipulation but awareness of potential neurological and orthopaedic injuries and other procedures should be raised. Monitoring for early signs of SAEs for up to 48 h post-intervention is advisable if a SAE is suspected., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2025
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34. Early Childhood Exposures to Fluorides and Cognitive Neurodevelopment: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study.
- Author
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Do LG, Sawyer A, John Spencer A, Leary S, Kuring JK, Jones AL, Le T, Reece CE, and Ha DH
- Subjects
- Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Female, Male, Child, Preschool, Australia, Child, Fluoridation, Adolescent, Infant, Wechsler Scales, Child Development drug effects, Fluorosis, Dental etiology, Fluorides, Cognition drug effects
- Abstract
It is important to maintain confidence in the risk and benefit balance of major caries-preventive programs using fluoride. The ongoing debate about potential effects of early-life exposures to fluoride on cognitive neurodevelopment requires high-quality scientific evidence. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of fluoride exposure on cognitive neurodevelopment assessed with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale 4th edition (WAIS-IV) in an Australian population-based sample. The sample was selected from the National Child Oral Health Study (NCOHS) 2012-2014. NCOHS collected data on socioeconomic factors, oral health behaviors, and residential history to estimate percentage lifetime exposure to fluoridated water during the first 5 y of life (%LEFW). NCOHS children were also examined by trained and calibrated examiners to assess dental fluorosis (a reliable and valid individual biomarker of total fluoride intake during early childhood). The sample was followed up in 2022-2023 to collect data on cognitive neurodevelopment (intelligence quotient [IQ]) using the WAIS-IV, which was administered by trained and calibrated qualified psychologists. Multivariable regression models were generated to investigate associations between the 2 exposure measurements (%LEFW and dental fluorosis) with full-scale IQ (FSIQ) scores, controlling for important confounding effects. Hypotheses of noninferiority were also tested, contrasting different levels of exposure to fluoride. Some 357 participants aged 16 to 26 y completed the WAIS-IV, with a mean FSIQ score of 109.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 107.8-110.5). The estimates of the multivariable regression models demonstrated slightly higher FSIQ scores among the exposed than the nonexposed. The adjusted β of 100%LEFW versus 0%LEFW was 1.07 (95% CI: -2.86, 5.01) and of having dental fluorosis versus no fluorosis was 0.28 (95% CI: -3.00, 3.57). The hypothesis of noninferiority tests found that FSIQ scores of those exposed and nonexposed to fluoride were equivalent. The study provided consistent evidence that early childhood exposure to fluoride does not have effects on cognitive neurodevelopment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
- Published
- 2025
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35. Objective priming from pre-imagining inputs before binocular rivalry presentations does not predict individual differences in the subjective intensity of imagined experiences.
- Author
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Bouyer LN, Schwarzkopf DS, Saurels BW, and Arnold DH
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Male, Adult, Young Adult, Visual Perception physiology, Vision Disparity physiology, Imagination physiology, Individuality, Vision, Binocular physiology
- Abstract
Most people can imagine images that they experience within their mind's eye. However, there are marked individual differences, with some people reporting that they are unable to visualise (aphantasics), and others who report having imagined experiences that are as realistic as seeing (hyper-phantasics). The vividness of imagery is most often measured via subjective self-report. Chang and Pearson (2018), however, have suggested that a binocular rivalry (BR) protocol can be used as an objective measure. They found that pre-imagining a moving input could enhance performance on an objective probe detection task when probes are embedded in imagery consistent inputs, as opposed to imagery inconsistent inputs. To date, nobody has assessed if this type of objective imagery priming can be used to predict the vividness of different people's visualisations. Here, we report that imagery priming of objective sensitivity to probes within static BR inputs does not correlate with the ratings people use to describe the vividness of their visualisations (a between participants effect). However, objective priming of sensitivity to probes embedded in BR inputs was greater on trials when participants reported that their pre-imagined experience had been more vivid than average (a within participants effect). Overall, our data suggest that while imagery can prime objective sensitivity to probes during BR, there is currently no strong evidence that this effect can be used as a reliable objective method to predict the subjective vividness of different people's visualisations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2025
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36. Flexible, adaptable, and supportive systems: qualitative description of factors underpinning an ideal mealtime delivery in rehabilitation care settings.
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Pashley A, Young A, Doig E, Moore J, and Wright OR
- Abstract
Purpose: Whilst evidence about mealtime delivery exists in acute and aged care settings, there is limited understanding of patient and staff preferences for rehabilitation settings. This study aimed to explore patient and staff perceptions about how mealtimes should be delivered to support rehabilitation goals of care. Method: This qualitative descriptive study involved semi-structured interviews with nine patients (previous or current admission) and ten staff from a single metropolitan rehabilitation service. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis., Results: Two key categories were identified, including (1) the role of mealtimes in patients' rehabilitation, and (2) factors underpinning ideal mealtime delivery for rehabilitation. Mealtimes help to facilitate recovery, support socialisation, rest, and routine, but were also a time of frustration and challenge for patients. The ideal mealtime was described as creating a therapeutic experience, integrating systems and processes that support rehabilitation, systems that offer flexibility and choice, enhancing mealtime care through interdisciplinary collaboration, and using supportive mealtime care practices., Conclusion: The ideal mealtime in rehabilitation should be underpinned by principles of flexibility, adaptability, and supportive care. Incorporating rehabilitation goals of care can be enabled through mealtime systems that encourage functional therapy activity, optimal nutrition, and time for rest and social engagement.
- Published
- 2025
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37. 'Many heads are better than one': a paradigm shift towards a multidisciplinary infective endocarditis management approach.
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Hui SH
- Published
- 2025
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38. Paediatric pain management: Strengthening child and parent voices and partnership for improved care.
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Forster EM, Kotzur C, Gilmour JS, and Richards J
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- 2025
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39. The occurrence of cervicogenic headache: A mapping review.
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Mingels S, Granitzer M, Jull G, and Dankaerts W
- Abstract
Background: Occurrence of cervicogenic headache (CeH), mostly expressed by estimates of the prevalence, ranges between 0.4% and 42%. However, transparency on such estimates is lacking, which hinders generalizing results., Objective: Mapping the occurrence (expressed by incidence/prevalence) of CeH., Design: Mapping review., Method: A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus databases (last search update January 28th
, 2025). The search query comprised terminology relating to "CeH", "prevalence", "incidence"., Results: Thirty-four publications were included (prevalence n = 32, incidence n = 2). The prevalence of CeH varied depending on the geographical location (Norway: 0.17% - USA: 69%), population (age: 0.17%-56.7%, chronic headache: 0.17% - computer users: 64.5%), setting (inpatient: 13.8%-69%, outpatient: 0.38%-10%), diagnostic criteria (International Headache Society: 0.38%-40%, Cervicogenic Headache International Study Group: 0.17%-64.5%), and diagnostic process (questionnaires: 5.3%-64.5%, clinical examination: 0.17%-56.7%, diagnostic block: 0.17%-16.1%)., Conclusion: Most publications were retrieved from Europe, Asia, and the United States. One multicentre study provided results for the African continent. No conclusion could be drawn on the incidence of CeH. The populations studied (e.g., general, age-stratified, specific), settings (e.g., hospital, private practice, clinics, emergency services), diagnostic criteria (e.g., International Headache Society or Cervicogenic Headache International Study Group) and processes (e.g., questionnaires, clinical examination) were heterogeneous. Four publications required a diagnostic block in the diagnostic process. A standardized methodology, especially regarding the diagnostic criteria and process, is needed to compare studies, guarantee quality, and provide estimates to inform policy makers., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2025
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40. Describing the outcomes of frail patients undergoing treatment with systemic therapies for acute myeloid leukaemia: A systematic review.
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Sia A, Chopra S, Ling VY, Fletcher J, Hubbard RE, Mollee P, Gordon E, Reid N, and Hanjani LS
- Abstract
Introduction: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a disease of the older person. Due to the demands of intensive chemotherapy, there is a significant risk of over or undertreatment, leading to either iatrogenic harm or missed windows of opportunity for remission or cure. Better tools to aid clinical decision making and risk stratify patients are needed. We aimed to investigate the association between frailty and the treatment and disease-related outcomes of adults receiving systemic therapy for AML., Materials and Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases was undertaken for studies assessing frailty (defined as multi-dimensional assessment evaluating two or more geriatric relevant domains or usage of a validated geriatric assessment screening tool) in the setting of adults undergoing systemic therapy for AML., Results: We identified 6,644 publications, 16 of which met inclusion criteria for extraction. The most commonly described outcomes were overall survival (OS) (n = 12), mortality (n = 8), response rate (n = 6), and high grade toxicity (n = 5). Eleven studies correlated frailty with treatment outcomes: frailty was predictive of lower OS (n = 5), higher mortality (n = 3), and more high grade toxicity (n = 1). OS in particular retained this relationship when controlling for variables such as molecular markers and performance status. Significant heterogeneity in outcome reporting and frailty assessment precluded meta-analysis. Included studies were generally of moderate quality., Discussion: Frailty was predictive of poorer outcomes in patients with AML distinct from and complimentary to traditional disease prognostic schema. Routine implementation of frailty assessment could represent an important tool to risk stratify patients and improve clinical decision making., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2025
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41. Reflection predicts and leads to decreased conspiracy belief.
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Bayrak F, Sümer V, Dogruyol B, Saribay SA, Alper S, Isler O, and Yilmaz O
- Abstract
Recent research indicates a generally negative relationship between reflection and conspiracy beliefs. However, most of the existing research relies on correlational data on WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) populations. The few existing experimental studies are limited by weak manipulation techniques that fail to reliably activate cognitive reflection. Hence, questions remain regarding (1) the consistency of the negative relationship between conspiracy beliefs and cognitive reflection, (2) the extent of cross-cultural variation and potential moderating factors, and (3) the presence of a causal link between cognitive reflection and conspiracy beliefs. In two preregistered studies, we investigated the association between cognitive reflection and conspiracy beliefs. First, we studied the correlation between two variables across 48 cultures and investigated whether factors such as WEIRDness and narcissism (personal and collective) moderate this relationship. In the second study, we tested the causal effect of reflection using a reliable and effective manipulation technique-debiasing training-on both generic and specific conspiracy beliefs. The first study confirmed the negative association between reflection and belief in conspiracy theories across cultures, with the association being notably stronger in non-WEIRD societies. Both personal and collective narcissism played significant moderating roles. The second study demonstrated that debiasing training significantly decreases both generic and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs in a non-WEIRD context, with more pronounced effects for general conspiracy beliefs. Our research supports that reflection is a consistent cross-cultural predictor of conspiracy beliefs and that activating reflection can reduce such beliefs through rigorous experimental interventions., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2025
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42. Using physiologically-based models to predict in vivo skeletal muscle energetics.
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Konno RN, Lichtwark GA, and Dick TJM
- Abstract
Understanding how muscles use energy is essential for elucidating the role of skeletal muscle in animal locomotion. Yet, experimental measures of in vivo muscle energetics are challenging to obtain, so physiologically-based muscle models are often used to estimate energy use. These predictions of individual muscle energy expenditure are not often compared to indirect whole-body measures of energetic cost. Here, we examined and illustrated the capability of physiologically-based muscle models to predict in vivo measures of energy use, which rely on fundamental relationships between muscle mechanical state and energy consumption. To improve model predictions and ensure a physiological basis for model parameters, we refined our model to include data from isolated muscle experiments and account for inefficiencies in ATP recovery processes. Simulations were performed to capture three different experimental protocols, which involved varying contraction frequency, duty cycle, and muscle fascicle length. Our results demonstrated the ability of the model to capture the dependence of energetic cost on mechanical state across contractile conditions, but tended to under predict the magnitude of energetic cost. Our analysis revealed that the model was most sensitive to the force-velocity parameters and the data informing the energetic parameters when predicting in vivo energetic rates. This work highlights it is the mechanics of skeletal muscle contraction that govern muscle energy use, although the precise physiological parameters for human muscle likely require detailed investigation., (© 2025. Published by The Company of Biologists.)
- Published
- 2025
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43. Causal evidence for increased theta and gamma phase consistency in a parieto-frontal network during the maintenance of visual attention.
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Bradley C, McCann E, Nydam AS, Dux PE, and Mattingley JB
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Photic Stimulation, Visual Perception physiology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Brain Mapping, Functional Laterality physiology, Nerve Net physiology, Nerve Net diagnostic imaging, Attention physiology, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Parietal Lobe physiology, Parietal Lobe diagnostic imaging, Theta Rhythm physiology, Electroencephalography, Frontal Lobe physiology, Frontal Lobe diagnostic imaging, Gamma Rhythm physiology
- Abstract
Endogenous visuo-spatial attention is under the control of a fronto-parietal network of brain regions. One key node in this network, the intra-parietal sulcus (IPS), plays a crucial role in maintaining endogenous attention, but little is known about its ongoing physiology and network dynamics during different attentional states. Here, we investigated the reactivity of the left IPS in response to brain stimulation under different states of selective attention. We recorded electroencephalography (EEG) in response to single pulses of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the IPS, while participants (N = 44) viewed bilateral random-dot motion displays. Individual MRI-guided TMS pulses targeted the left IPS, while the left primary somatosensory cortex (S1) served as an active control site. In separate blocks of trials, participants were cued to attend covertly to the motion display in one hemifield (left or right) and to report brief coherent motion targets. The perceptual load of the task was manipulated by varying the degree of motion coherence of the targets. Excitability, variability and information content of the neural responses to TMS were assessed by analysing TMS-evoked potential (TEP) amplitude and inter-trial phase clustering (ITPC), and by performing multivariate decoding of attentional state. Results revealed that a left posterior region displayed reduced variability in the phase of theta and gamma oscillations following TMS of the IPS, but not of S1, when attention was directed contralaterally, rather than ipsilaterally to the stimulation site. A right frontal cluster also displayed reduced theta variability and increased amplitude of TEPs when attention was directed contralaterally rather than ipsilaterally, after TMS of the IPS but not S1. Reliable decoding of attentional state was achieved after TMS pulses of both S1 and IPS. Taken together, our findings suggest that endogenous control of visuo-spatial attention leads to changes in the intrinsic oscillatory properties of the IPS and its associated fronto-parietal network., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest None to declare., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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44. Mitigating conflict between emergency department and inpatient staff due to access block.
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Aston B, de Jong G, and Tillott S
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Since the outbreak of the COVID-crisis almost five years ago, Emergency Departments (EDs) in Australian hospitals have increasingly been confronted with the phenomenon of "access block" in which the flow of patients to inpatient units is delayed or obstructed. This creates tension between ED staff and health professionals employed in inpatient units. With the current political discourse, there is little reason to hope that this problem will be solved in the short term. As long as no radical changes are made at the political level to combat the issue of access block, the hands of individual clinicians are tied to existing models of care. In this letter to the editor, we outline how the problem of access block occurs in the ED of a Queensland-based hospital and the impact it generates. But also how healthcare leaders can adequately manage the tension between ED and inpatient staff, underscoring the crucial role of emotional intelligence., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Crown Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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45. Explainable time-to-progression predictions in multiple sclerosis.
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D'hondt R, Dedja K, Aerts S, Van Wijmeersch B, Kalincik T, Reddel S, Havrdova EK, Lugaresi A, Weinstock-Guttman B, Mrabet S, Lalive P, Kermode AG, Ozakbas S, Patti F, Prat A, Tomassini V, Roos I, Alroughani R, Gerlach O, Khoury SJ, van Pesch V, Sá MJ, Prevost J, Spitaleri D, McCombe P, Solaro C, van der Walt A, Butzkueven H, Laureys G, Sánchez-Menoyo JL, de Gans K, Al-Asmi A, Deri N, Csepany T, Al-Harbi T, Carroll WM, Rozsa C, Singhal B, Hardy TA, Ramanathan S, Peeters L, and Vens C
- Abstract
Background: Prognostic machine learning research in multiple sclerosis has been mainly focusing on black-box models predicting whether a patients' disability will progress in a fixed number of years. However, as this is a binary yes/no question, it cannot take individual disease severity into account. Therefore, in this work we propose to model the time to disease progression instead. Additionally, we use explainable machine learning techniques to make the model outputs more interpretable., Methods: A preprocessed subset of 29,201 patients of the international data registry MSBase was used. Disability was assessed in terms of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). We predict the time to significant and confirmed disability progression using random survival forests, a machine learning model for survival analysis. Performance is evaluated on a time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic and the precision-recall curves. Importantly, predictions are then explained using SHAP and Bellatrex, two explainability toolboxes, and lead to both global (population-wide) as well as local (patient visit-specific) insights., Results: On the task of predicting progression in 2 years, the random survival forest achieves state-of-the-art performance, comparable to previous work employing a random forest. However, here the random survival forest has the added advantage of being able to predict progression over a longer time horizon, with AUROC >60% for the first 10 years after baseline. Explainability techniques further validated the model by extracting clinically valid insights from the predictions made by the model. For example, a clear decline in the per-visit probability of progression is observed in more recent years since 2012, likely reflecting globally increasing use of more effective MS therapies., Conclusion: The binary classification models found in the literature can be extended to a time-to-event setting without loss of performance, thus allowing a more comprehensive prediction of patient prognosis. Furthermore, explainability techniques proved to be key to reach a better understanding of the model and increase validation of its behaviour., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Tomas Kalincik served on scientific advisory boards for MS International Federation and World Health Organisation, BMS, Roche, Janssen, Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis, Merck and Biogen, steering committee for Brain Atrophy Initiative by Sanofi Genzyme, received conference travel support and/or speaker honoraria from WebMD Global, Eisai, Novartis, Biogen, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, Teva, BioCSL and Merck and received research or educational event support from Biogen, Novartis, Genzyme, Roche, Celgene and Merck. Eva Kubala Havrdova received honoraria/research support from Biogen, Merck Serono, Novars, Roche, and Teva; has been member of advisory boards for Actelion, Biogen, Celgene, Merck Serono, Novars, and Sanofi Genzyme;received honoraria/research support from Biogen, Merck Serono, Novars, Roche, and Teva; has been member of advisory boards for Actelion, Biogen, Celgene, Merck Serono, Novars, and Sanofi Genzyme; and has been supported by the Czech Ministry of Education – project Cooperatio LF1, research area Neuroscience, and the project National Institute for Neurological Research (Programme EXCELES, ID project No LX22NPO5107) – funded by the European Union-Next Generation EU. Alessandra Lugaresi has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking or other activities from Alexion, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Horizon, Janssen, Merck Serono, Novartis, and Sanofi/Genzyme, and Her institutions have received research grants from Novartis and Sanofi/Genzyme. Bianca Weinstock-Guttman served as a consultant for Biogen, EMD Serono, Novartis, Genentech, Celgene/Bristol Meyers Squibb, Sanofi Genzyme, Bayer, Janssen, Labcorp, Horizon and SANA. Dr. Weinstock-Guttman also has received grant/research support from Novartis, Biogen, Horizon/Amgen. She serves in the editorial board for Children, CNS Drugs, MS International, Journal of Neurology Frontiers Epidemiology. Saloua Mrabet has received a MENACTRIMS clinical fellowship grant (2020). Patrice Lalive received honoraria for speaking and or travel expense from Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche; consulting fees from Biogen, GeNeuro, Merck, Novartis, Roche; research support from Biogen, Merck, Novartis. None were related to this work. Allan G Kermode received speaker honoraria and scientific advisory board fees from Bayer, BioCSL, Biogen, Genzyme, Innate Immunotherapeutics, Merck, Novartis, Sanofi, Sanofi-Aventis, and Teva. Stephen Reddel has received funds over the last 5 years including but not limited to travel support, honoraria, trial payments, research and clinical support to the institution from Alexion, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi. Additional interests and potential conflicts of interest include: Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation Varicella Zoster working party (unpaid). Francesco Patti received personal compensation for serving on advisory board by Almirall, Alexion, Biogen, Bristol, Janssen, Merck, Novartis and Roche. He further received research grant by Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Bristol, Merck, Novartis and Roche and by FISM, Reload Association (Onlus), Italian Health Minister, and University of Catania. Valentina Tomassini has received consultation and speaker fees, travel grants and research support from: Biogen, Sanofi Genzyme, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Alexion, Viatris, Janssen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Almirall. Izanne Roos has served on scientific advisory boards, received conference travel support and/or speaker honoraria from Roche, Novartis, Merck and Biogen. Izanne Roos is supported by a MS Australia and the Trish Multiple Sclerosis Research Foundation. Raed Alroughani received honoraria as a speaker and for serving on scientific advisory boards from Bayer, Biogen, GSK, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi-Genzyme. Samia J. Khoury received compensation for scientific advisory board activity from Merck and Roche, and received compensation for serving on the IDMC for Biogen. Vincent van Pesch received travel grants from Merck Healthcare KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), Biogen, Sanofi, Bristol Meyer Squibb, Almirall and Roche. His institution has received research grants and consultancy fees from Roche, Biogen, Sanofi, Merck Healthcare KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany), Bristol Meyer Squibb, Janssen, Almirall, Novartis Pharma, and Alexion. Maria José Sá received consulting fees, speaker honoraria, and/or travel expenses for scientific meetings from Alexion, Bayer Healthcare, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi and Teva. Julie Prevost accepted travel compensation from Novartis, Biogen, Genzyme, Teva, and speaking honoraria from Biogen, Novartis, Genzyme and Teva. Daniele Spitaleri received honoraria as a consultant on scientific advisory boards by Bayer-Schering, Novartis and Sanofi-Aventis and compensation for travel from Novartis, Biogen, Sanofi Aventis, Teva and Merck. Pamela McCombe received speakers fees and travel grants from Novartis, Biogen, T’évalua, Sanofi. Claudio Solaro served on scientific advisory boards for Merck, Genzyme, Almirall, and Biogen; received honoraria and travel grants from Sanofi Aventis, Novartis, Biogen, Merck, Genzyme and Teva. Anneke van der Walt served on advisory boards and receives unrestricted research grants from Novartis, Biogen, Merck and Roche She has received speaker’s honoraria and travel support from Novartis, Roche, and Merck. She receives grant support from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and MS Research Australia. Helmut Butzkueven received institutional (Monash University) funding from Biogen, Roche, Merck, Alexion and Novartis; has carried out contracted research for Novartis, Merck, Roche and Biogen; has taken part in speakers’ bureaus for Biogen, Novartis, Roche and Merck; has received personal compensation from Oxford Health Policy Forum for the Brain Health Steering Committee. Guy Laureys received travel and/or consultancy compensation from Sanofi-Genzyme, Roche, Teva, Merck, Novartis, Celgene, Biogen. José Luis Sánchez-Menoyo accepted travel compensation from Novartis, Merck and Biogen, speaking honoraria from Biogen, Novartis, Sanofi, Merck, Almirall, Bayer and Teva and has participated in clinical trials by Biogen, Merck and Roche. Koen de Gans served on scientific advisory boards for Roche, Janssen, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis and Merck, received conference fee and travel support from Novartis, Biogen, Sanofi-Genzyme, Teva, Abbvie and Merck and received educational event support from Novartis. Abdullah Al-Asmi received personal compensation for serving as a Scientific Advisory or speaker/moderator for Novartis, Biogen, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Merck. Norma Deri received funding from Bayer, Merck, Biogen, Genzyme and Novartis. Tunde Csepany received speaker honoraria/ conference travel support from Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis and Teva. William M Carroll received travel assistance and honoraria for participation in industry sponsored meetings from and provided advice to Bayer Schering Pharma, Biogen-Idec, Novartis, Roche, Genzyme, Sanofi-Aventis, CSL, Teva, Merck and Cellgene. Csilla Rozsa received speaker honoraria from Bayer Schering, Novartis and Biogen, congress and travel expense compensations from Biogen, Teva, Merck and Bayer Schering. Bhim Singhal received consultancy honoraria and compensation for travel from Biogen and Merck. Todd A. Hardy received speaker honoraria/ conference travel support or served on advisory boards for Bayer Schering, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, Bristol Myers Squibb and Teva. Sudarshini Ramanathan has received research funding from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC, Australia), the Petre Foundation, the Brain Foundation, the Royal Australasian College of Physicians, and the University of Sydney. She is supported by an NHMRC Investigator Grant (GNT2008339). She serves as a consultant on the International Steering Committee for a clinical trial led by UCB (NCT05063162). She is on the advisory board for educational activities led by Limbic Neurology. She has been an invited speaker for educational/research sessions coordinated by Biogen, Alexion, Novartis, Excemed and Limbic Neurology. She is on the medical advisory board (non-remunerated positions) of The MOG Project and the Sumaira Foundation. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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46. Epidemiology and associated injury risk factors in figure skating: A systematic review.
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Schmidt NT, Janse van Rensburg DC, Schoeman M, Besomi M, Jansen van Rensburg A, Garnett D, Scheepers S, and Viljoen C
- Abstract
Objectives: To identify and critically appraise the available evidence on injury epidemiology and risk factors in figure skating., Design: Systematic review., Methods: Eight electronic databases were searched from inception to 01 November 2023. Studies were included if they reported injury epidemiology and/or injury risk factors in figure skating. Non-English publications were excluded. Risk of Bias of included studies was assessed using the QUIPS tool (quality in prognostic factor studies)., Results: This systematic review identified twenty-nine studies (n = 4202 figure skaters), with an injury prevalence of 2.1 %-34 %. An injury incidence of 1.37 injuries/1000 total training hours was reported in one study (n = 8). Three significant intrinsic risk factors (older age, previous history of stress fracture and a higher body mass) and eight significant extrinsic risk factors (training more than 12 sessions per week, skipping meals, RED-s indicators, hamstring and quadriceps immobility, training rather than competing, increased time on-ice time and boot-foot length difference) were identified from individual studies. Age, as the most studied risk factor, requires careful interpretation due to study design limitations., Limitations: Existing data lacks quality of evidence and current reported injury risk factors in figure skating should be interpreted with caution., Conclusions: High-quality research of injuries and injury risk factors in figure skating is scarce. The inconsistent reporting of injury data across the currently available literature due to variations in injury definition and data collection methods makes it difficult to compare and draw conclusions. A critical need exists for standardized research approaches to accurately determine the true burden of injury in this sport., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest (i.e., personal associations or involvement as a director, officer, or expert witness)., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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47. A qualitative analysis of Australian midwifery students' perspectives of Midwifery Practice Experience: Characteristics that enhance or diminish clinical education placements.
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Kearney L, Bloxsome D, Hunter S, Brown A, Cooper S, and Bogossian F
- Abstract
Background: Midwifery education in Australia faces challenges in combining theoretical and practical experiences, with reports of inconsistent support and supervision during Midwifery Practice Experience (MPE), alongside significant financial and personal costs to students. National evaluation and improvement initiatives are essential to ensure that midwifery students receive effective and high-quality clinical learning opportunities., Aim: This study aimed to answer two research questions: 1) How do midwifery students describe their Midwifery Practice Experiences? 2) What are the characteristics of Midwifery Practice Experiences that enhance or diminish midwifery student learning?, Methods: National midwifery student survey data, collected through the National Placement Evaluation Centre. Data were inclusive of the 2023 calendar year. Data entered as 'free text' responses were analysed thematically., Findings: A total of 795 midwifery students completed the Placement Evaluation Tool (PET-Midwifery) during the data collection period, with 297 (37.4 %) providing a 'free text' response. Students were enrolled in 17 Australian Universities and represented every State and Territory except for the Australian Capital Territory. Positive experiences were linked to a sense of belonging and effective supervision, while negative experiences were tied to feeling unwelcomed and inconsistent learning opportunities. The study highlighted the personal impact of attending placements and identified the need for improved student support and preparation., Conclusions: Based upon a national survey of midwifery student perspectives of MPE, placement satisfaction was generally high with effective supervision and a sense of belonging. However negative experiences included reports of unwelcoming environments with a need for culture change and interventional education approaches., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest None declared., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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48. The vividness of visualisations and autistic trait expression are not strongly associated.
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Bouyer LN, Pellicano E, Saurels BW, Schwarzkopf DS, and Arnold DH
- Abstract
A minority of people (Aphantasics) report an inability to visualise. Aphantasia has been linked to Autism - a neurodevelopmental condition affecting social interactions. There is a risk of a circular logic informing proposed links, as the most popular metric of autistic traits, the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), has an Imagination subscale with items relating directly and indirectly to imagery. We tested for inter-relationships between imagery vividness ratings and the expression of autistic traits, using metrics that do and do not encompass an Imagination subscale. We also conducted hierarchical linear regression analyses to assess the contributions of different AQ subscale scores to imagery inter-relationships. Only in our highest-powered study (N = 308) were we able to detect a weak inter-relationship between AQ scores and imagery, independent of the Imagination subscale. We suggest that only a weak inter-relationship should exist, as many autistic people describe themselves as visual thinkers who have strong imagery., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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- 2025
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49. The inflammatory response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide is mitigated by in ovo delivery of carvacrol in broiler chicks.
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Meijer MMY, van den Brand HD, Navarro M, and Roura E
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The broiler chickens' immune system fully develops a few weeks after hatching, leaving them susceptible to disease during the early post-hatching phase. This study investigated effects of in ovo delivery of carvacrol on the expression of immune-related genes following an Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge at d7 post-hatch. The experiment was designed as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two in ovo treatments (saline or carvacrol) and two LPS challenged groups (yes or no): (1) saline + no challenge (control), (2) saline + LPS, (3) carvacrol + no challenge, (4) carvacrol + LPS. Hatchability and performance parameters were determined before, and organ weights after the LPS challenge. Immune-related gene expression was assessed in the jejunum and spleen post-challenge. At d7, the carvacrol-treated group had lower FI (Δ11 g, P = 0.02) compared to the saline group. In the jejunum, a significant interaction (P = 0.003) was found between in ovo treatment and LPS challenge for IFN-γ expression, which was highest in the saline + LPS and carvacrol + no challenge groups. Carvacrol delivery resulted in lower IL-8 (P = 0.03) and IκB (P = 0.04) expression, regardless of LPS challenge. In the spleen, a significant interaction (P = 0.03) showed that carvacrol downregulated expression of pro-inflammatory IL-1β, observed in the saline + LPS group. For NF-κB and TLR4, LPS challenge did not affect saline-treated chickens, but lowered expression of these genes in carvacrol-treated chickens (P = 0.03 and 0.02, respectively). IFN-γ expression did not differ between in ovo delivery treatments after LPS challenge but was higher (P = 0.02) in the carvacrol-treated chickens than in the saline-treated chickens for the non-challenged groups. These findings indicate an anti-inflammatory effect of in ovo carvacrol delivery by inhibiting LPS-induced downregulation of NF-κB and mitigating IL-1β and TNF-α expression. Carvacrol stimulated IFN-γ expression, potentially modulating adaptive immune responses. In conclusion, in ovo carvacrol delivery could mitigate release of key inflammatory cytokines, while increasing IFN-γ., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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- 2025
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50. The long road back to physical activity: the experience of people with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.
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Haynes A, Johnson L, Ashpole R, Mamo A, Chagpar S, Williams G, Clanchy K, Waters N, Vassallo G, Scheinberg A, Sherrington C, Tweedy S, West K, and Hassett L
- Abstract
Purpose: People with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequently inactive with increased risk of higher rates of chronic health conditions, mortality and economic burden than peers without TBI. Understanding how this population experience physical activity participation may help us develop better pathways and supports to community-based physical activity., Materials and Methods: Using an interpretive description approach, we conducted a secondary analysis of focus group and interview data. Themes were generated in two stages of inductive coding and refined in a workshop by the author team which comprised multidisciplinary researchers, clinicians and people with lived experience of moderate-to-severe TBI., Results: Twenty-two people with moderate-to-severe TBI took part. They experienced physical activity in diverse and often changing ways, reflecting the numerous, powerful tensions that people with TBI are striving to navigate. Four themes were identified: 1. What is my new normal?, 2. Invisible injuries, hidden needs, 3. The long road back to physical activity, and 4. Expanding horizons., Conclusions: People with moderate-to-severe TBI have to work hard to be physically active. Results indicate that physical activity promotion should include person-centred information and support, appropriate community-based options that go beyond rehabilitation, and insurance funding that recognises the value of life-long physical activity.
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- 2025
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