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1. Global Atmospheric δ13CH4 and CH4 Trends for 2000–2020 from the Atmospheric Transport Model TM5 Using CH4 from Carbon Tracker Europe–CH4 Inversions

Author: Mannisenaho, Vilma, Tsuruta, Aki, Backman, Leif, Houweling, Sander, Segers, Arjo, Krol, Maarten, Saunois, Marielle, Poulter, Benjamin, Zhang, Zhen, Lan, Xin, Dlugokencky, Edward, Michel, Sylvia, White, James, Aalto, Tuula, Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] (IMAU), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), and University of North Carolina System (UNC)
Subjects: S, A. Krol, M. Saunois, M, Poulter, M. Poulter, Backman, A, X. et al methane isotopes atmospheric modelling, Krol, Z, X, atmospheric modelling, isotopes, Segers, V, Saunois, Houweling, L, et al methane, V. Tsuruta, S. Segers, A. Backman, B, Zhang, Mannisenaho, Lan, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Z. Lan, B. Zhang, Tsuruta, L. Houweling
Abstract: This study investigates atmospheric δ 13 CH 4 trends, as produced by a global atmospheric transport model using CH 4 inversions from CarbonTracker-Europe CH 4 for 2000-2020, and compares them to observations. The CH 4 inversions include the grouping of the emissions both by δ 13 CH 4 isotopic signatures and process type to investigate the effect, and to estimate the CH 4 magnitudes and model CH 4 and δ 13 CH 4 trends. In addition to inversion results, simulations of the global atmospheric transport model were performed with modified emissions. The estimated global CH 4 trends for oil and gas were found to increase more than coal compared to the priors from 2000-2006 to 2007-2020. Estimated trends for coal emissions at 30 • N-60 • N are less than 50% of those from priors. Estimated global CH 4 rice emissions trends are opposite to priors, with the largest contribution from the EQ to 60 • N. The results of this study indicate that optimizing wetland emissions separately produces better agreement with the observed δ 13 CH 4 trend than optimizing all biogenic emissions simultaneously. This study recommends optimizing separately biogenic emissions with similar isotopic signature to wetland emissions. In addition, this study suggests that fossil-based emissions were overestimated by 9% after 2012 and biogenic emissions are underestimated by 8% in the inversion using EDGAR v6.0 as priors.
Published: 2023

2. Effects of flame retardants on extinction limits, spread rate, and smoke release in opposed-flow flame spread over thin cylindrical polyethylene samples in microgravity

Author: Y. Li, A. Guibaud, J.-M. Citerne, J.-L. Consalvi, A. Coimbra, J. Sarazin, S. Bourbigot, J.L. Torero, G. Legros, Institut Jean Le Rond d'Alembert (DALEMBERT), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College of London [London] (UCL), Institut universitaire des systèmes thermiques industriels (IUSTI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Department of Fire Protection Engineering [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], and University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System
Subjects: Mechanical Engineering, General Chemical Engineering, [SPI.FLUID]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Reactive fluid environment, Combustion, Flame spread, Microgravity, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: Though flame retardants are considered for use in spacecraft, their performances in microgravity are still poorly understood. To assess their effects on flame extinction, opposed flame spread rate, and smoke emission in the absence of buoyant flows, thin cylindrical samples of Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) loaded with intumescent flame retardants are ignited in parabolic flights. Two types of flame retardants characterized by different mechanisms of intumescence are considered, namely Expandable Graphite, (EG), and Ammonium polyphosphate / Pentaerythritol, (AP), for which thermal stress and chemical recombination drive physical expansion, respectively. Observations are then reported and contrasted with results obtained at normal gravity for different flame retardant loads, under varying oxygen content at given ambient pressure and flow velocity. Focusing on the flame leading edge, results related to flame spread and flame extinction are analyzed first. At normal gravity, increasing the flame retardant load improves fire safety through an increase in the flame extinction limit on the one hand, and a reduction in the average flame spread rate for all oxygen contents studied on the other hand. In contrast, results in microgravity show no modification in the extinction limit over the range of flame retardant loads studied, and the benefits in average flame spread rate reduction are less pronounced. Investigating then radiative quenching at the flame trailing edge, smoke emission is never evidenced at normal gravity. However, in microgravity, the addition of flame retardants increases the range of conditions leading to smoke emission, which is detrimental to fire safety. These observations are valid for both flame retardants, yet more pronounced for EG-loaded samples than AP-loaded samples. These ambivalent effects on fire safety of AP and EG addition in microgravity, which are not evidenced at normal gravity, call for a cautious integration of flame retardants in the scope of space exploration.
Published: 2023

3. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Author: Quancheng Huang, Nicholas C. Schmerr, Scott D. King, Doyeon Kim, Attilio Rivoldini, Ana-Catalina Plesa, Henri Samuel, Ross R. Maguire, Foivos Karakostas, Vedran Lekić, Constantinos Charalambous, Max Collinet, Robert Myhill, Daniele Antonangeli, Mélanie Drilleau, Misha Bystricky, Caroline Bollinger, Chloé Michaut, Tamara Gudkova, Jessica C. E. Irving, Anna Horleston, Benjamin Fernando, Kuangdai Leng, Tarje Nissen-Meyer, Frederic Bejina, Ebru Bozdağ, Caroline Beghein, Lauren Waszek, Nicki C. Siersch, John-Robert Scholz, Paul M. Davis, Philippe Lognonné, Baptiste Pinot, Rudolf Widmer-Schnidrig, Mark P. Panning, Suzanne E. Smrekar, Tilman Spohn, William T. Pike, Domenico Giardini, W. Bruce Banerdt, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Graphics and Vision Research Laboratory (Graphics Lab), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Department of Geology [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Bologna (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering [London] (DEEE), Imperial College London, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (Bayerisches Geoinstitut), Universität Bayreuth, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), ANR-19-CE31-0008,MAGIS,MArs Geophysical InSight(2019), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: thermal evolution of Mars, Minerals, Multidisciplinary, Extraterrestrial Environment, Earth, Planet, Mantle transition zone, Iron, interior of Mars, mantle transition zone, Mars, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Seismic discontinuity, InSight
Abstract: Constraining the thermal and compositional state of the mantle is crucial for deciphering the formation and evolution of Mars. Mineral physics predicts that Mars' deep mantle is demarcated by a seismic discontinuity arising from the pressure-induced phase transformation of the mineral olivine to its higher-pressure polymorphs, making the depth of this boundary sensitive to both mantle temperature and composition. Here, we report on the seismic detection of a midmantle discontinuity using the data collected by NASA's InSight Mission to Mars that matches the expected depth and sharpness of the postolivine transition. In five teleseismic events, we observed triplicated P and S waves and constrained the depth of this discontinuity to be 1,006 [Formula: see text] 40 km by modeling the triplicated waveforms. From this depth range, we infer a mantle potential temperature of 1,605 [Formula: see text] 100 K, a result consistent with a crust that is 10 to 15 times more enriched in heat-producing elements than the underlying mantle. Our waveform fits to the data indicate a broad gradient across the boundary, implying that the Martian mantle is more enriched in iron compared to Earth. Through modeling of thermochemical evolution of Mars, we observe that only two out of the five proposed composition models are compatible with the observed boundary depth. Our geodynamic simulations suggest that the Martian mantle was relatively cold 4.5 Gyr ago (1,720 to 1,860 K) and are consistent with a present-day surface heat flow of 21 to 24 mW/m2., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 119 (42), ISSN:0027-8424, ISSN:1091-6490
Published: 2022

4. An Empirical Analysis on the Vulnerabilities of End-to-End Speech Segregation Models

Author: Rahil Parikh, Gaspar Rochette, Carol Espy-Wilson, Shihab Shamma, Institute for Systems Research [Maryland] (ISR), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Département d'informatique - ENS Paris (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Signal Processing (eess.SP), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Sound (cs.SD), Computer Science - Machine Learning, end-to-end speech segregation, temporal consistency, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Sound, Machine Learning (cs.LG), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Conv-Tasnet, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS), FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, harmonic continuity, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, generalization, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Audio and Speech Processing
Abstract: End-to-end learning models have demonstrated a remarkable capability in performing speech segregation. Despite their wide-scope of real-world applications, little is known about the mechanisms they employ to group and consequently segregate individual speakers. Knowing that harmonicity is a critical cue for these networks to group sources, in this work, we perform a thorough investigation on ConvTasnet and DPT-Net to analyze how they perform a harmonic analysis of the input mixture. We perform ablation studies where we apply low-pass, high-pass, and band-stop filters of varying pass-bands to empirically analyze the harmonics most critical for segregation. We also investigate how these networks decide which output channel to assign to an estimated source by introducing discontinuities in synthetic mixtures. We find that end-to-end networks are highly unstable, and perform poorly when confronted with deformations which are imperceptible to humans. Replacing the encoder in these networks with a spectrogram leads to lower overall performance, but much higher stability. This work helps us to understand what information these network rely on for speech segregation, and exposes two sources of generalization-errors. It also pinpoints the encoder as the part of the network responsible for these errors, allowing for a redesign with expert knowledge or transfer learning., Accepted at Interspeech 2022
Published: 2022

5. The structure and dynamics of the 30 Doradus molecular cloud as revealed by ALMA

Author: Wong, T., Oudshoorn, L., Sofovich, E., Green, A., Indebetouw, R., Meixner, M., Hacar, A., Nayak, O., Tokuda, K., Bolatto, A., Chevance, M., De Marchi, G., Fukui, Y., Hirschauer, A., Jameson, K., Kalari, V., Lebouteiller, V., Looney, L., Madden, S., Onishi, T., Roman-Duval, J., Rubio, M., Tielens, A.G.G.M., Astronomy Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg (ZAH), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Space Science Department, European Space Agency, Department of Physics [Nagoya], Nagoya University, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract: International audience; We present results of a wide-field (approximately 60 × 90 pc) ALMA mosaic of CO(2-1) and 13CO(2-1) emission from the molecular cloud associated with the 30 Doradus star-forming region. Three main emission complexes, including two forming a bowtie-shaped structure extending northeast and southwest from the central R136 cluster, are resolved into complex filamentary networks. Consistent with previous studies, we find that the central region of the cloud has higher line widths at fixed size relative to the rest of the molecular cloud and to other LMC clouds, indicating an enhanced level of turbulent motions. However, there is no clear trend in gravitational boundedness (as measured by the virial parameter) with distance from R136. Structures observed in 13CO are spatially coincident with filaments and are close to a state of virial equilibrium. In contrast, 12CO structures vary greatly in virialization, with low CO surface brightness structures outside of the main filamentary network being predominantly unbound. The low surface brightness structures constitute ~10% of the measured CO luminosity; they may be shredded remnants of previously star-forming gas clumps, or alternatively the CO-emitting parts of more massive, CO-dark structures.
Published: 2022

6. The Radiative Forcing of Aerosols in a West Africa Sahelian Urban City: Case Study of Ouagadougou

Author: Bruno Korgo, Issa Zerbo, Bernard Zouma, Nebon Bado, Pétronille Kafando, Joseph Dieudonné Bathiébo, Jean-Claude Roger, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), Department of Geographical Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Wet season, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Humidity, General Medicine, Forcing (mathematics), 010501 environmental sciences, Radiative forcing, Albedo, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, AERONET, Atmosphere, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Radiative transfer, Environmental science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This paper is an assessment of radiative forcing caused by atmospheric aerosols in an urban city in West Africa. It is carried out in Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso and is an illustration of the radiative impact in most of the large Sahelian urban cities which are under the same climatic influences and whose populations present similarities in their socio-economic aspects. Using the GAME code, the radiative forcing was calculated at the top of the atmosphere, in the atmospheric layer and at the earth’s surface. The results showed overall a cooling effect at the top of the atmosphere due to the backscattering in space of the incident radiation, a heating in the atmospheric layer due to the absorption effect and a surface cooling justified by the attenuation of radiation crossing the atmosphere. Using monthly average values of optical properties, vertical temperature and humidity profiles, daily temperatures and surface albedo, the simulation yielded forcing values ranging from -6.77 W/m2 to -2.56 W/m2 at the top of the atmosphere, from 15.8 W/m2 to 34.7 W/m2 in the atmospheric layer and from -41.00 W/m2 to -21.68 W/m2 at the earth’s surface. In addition, the warming was simulated in the first atmospheric layer (in contact with the surface), and the results show values ranging from 0.8°C to 1.8°C. The study of the annual variability of the results showed a strong correlation between the radiative forcing and the seasonal succession characteristic of the climate in West Africa with the extreme values in the month of March (characteristic of the dry and hot season) and in the month of August (characteristic of the rainy season).
Published: 2021

7. Modeling the variability of Martian O+ ion escape due to Solar Wind forcing

Author: Ronan Modolo, Francois Leblanc, Jean-Yves Chaufray, Norberto Romanelli, Eduard Dubinin, Vincent Génot, Claire Baskevitch, David Brain, Shannon Curry, Robert Lillis, HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [Baltimore] (CRESST), University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Space Sciences Laboratory [Berkeley] (SSL), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, Solar Wind, Planetary Ion Fluxes, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Mars, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: During the last decade, MAVEN space mission have emphasized a widespread spatial distribution of escaping O+ ions (Brain et al., 2015; Dong et al., 2015; Curry et al., 2015). Statistical studies have demonstrated that such structure is constant and present an asymmetry with respect to the solar wind convective electric field direction. In the Mars Solar Ecliptic coordinate system, continuous large O+ ion fluxes have been observed from the Martian wake to the Northward hemisphere. Global hybrid models have been developed since more than fiffteen years (Modolo et al., 2005, 2016; Brecht and Ledvina, 2006; Kallio et al., 2006) predicting and reproducing successfully the main characteristics of these escaping ion signatures. To further characterize this heavy-ion escape and its variability due to the solar wind forcing, global hybrid simulations have been performed with different set of upstream solar wind parameters. The impact of the solar wind drivers on the dynamics of O+ ion fluxes are reported and compared to the statistical ion fluxes maps derived from MAVEN/STATIC observations (Dong et al., 2015).Brain, D. A., McFadden, J. P., Halekas, J. S., Connerney, J. E. P., Bougher, S. W., Curry, S., et al. (2015). The spatial distribution of planetary ion fluxes near Mars observed by MAVEN. Geophys. Res. Lett. 42, 9142–9148. doi:10.1002/2015GL065293Dong, Y., Fang, X., Brain, D. A., McFadden, J. P., Halekas, J. S., Connerney, J. E., et al. (2015). Strong plume fluxes at Mars observed by MAVEN: An important planetary ion escape channel. Geophys. Res. Lett. 42, 8942–8950. doi:10.1002/2015GL065346Curry, S. M., Luhmann, J. G., Ma, Y. J., Dong, C. F., Brain, D., Leblanc, F., et al. (2015). Response of Mars O+ pickup ions to the 8 March 2015 ICME: Inferences from MAVEN data-based models. Geophys. Res. Lett. 42, 9095–9102. doi:10.1002/2015GL065304Modolo, R., Chanteur, G. M., Dubinin, E., and Matthews, A. P. (2005). Influence of the solar EUV flux on the Martian plasma environment. Annales Geophysicae 23, 433–444. doi:10.5194/angeo-23-433-2005 Brecht, S. H. and Ledvina, S. A. (2006). The Solar Wind Interaction With the Martian Ionosphere/Atmosphere 126, 15–38. doi:10.1007/s11214-006-9084-zKallio, E., Fedorov, A., Budnik, E., Sa¨les, T., Janhunen, P., Schmidt, W., et al. (2006). Ion escape at Mars: Comparison of a 3-D hybrid simulation with Mars Express IMA/ASPERA-3 measurements 182, 350–359. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2005.09.018
Published: 2022

8. Differential contribution of Anopheles coustani and Anopheles arabiensis to the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in two neighbouring villages of Madagascar

Author: Catherine Bourgouin, Romain Girod, Jessy Goupeyou-Youmsi, Inès Vigan-Womas, Tsiriniaina Rakotondranaivo, Richard Paul, Nicolas Puchot, Ingrid Peterson, Mamadou Ousmane Ndiath, Unité d'immunologie des maladies infectieuses [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], G4 malaria group [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health [Baltimore, USA] (CVD), University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), This study was supported by the Institut Pasteur International Network to JGY as a doctoral Calmette‑Yersin fellowship (award DI/EC/MAM/No479/14), to MON (award IPIN/G4 GROUP‑02), by the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar to IVW (award IPM/IPal‑VivaxDuffy) and to CB (award 007/IPM/DIR/PR/16), by French Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant to CB (award ANR‑10‑LABX‑62‑IBEID)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, 030231 tropical medicine, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium falciparum, Prevalence, Mosquito Vectors, Disease Vectors, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Plasmodium, law.invention, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Anopheles, parasitic diseases, Malaria, Vivax, Madagascar, medicine, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, Malaria, Falciparum, Microscopy, Staining and Labeling, biology, Research, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Anopheles coustani, Anopheles arabiensis, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Transmission (mechanics), Parasitology, Andriba, Vector biology dynamics, Malaria
Abstract: Background Malaria is still a heavy public health concern in Madagascar. Few studies combining parasitology and entomology have been conducted despite the need for accurate information to design effective vector control measures. In a Malagasy region of moderate to intense transmission of both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, parasitology and entomology have been combined to survey malaria transmission in two nearby villages. Methods Community-based surveys were conducted in the villages of Ambohitromby and Miarinarivo at three time points (T1, T2 and T3) during a single malaria transmission season. Human malaria prevalence was determined by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy and real-time PCR. Mosquitoes were collected by human landing catches and pyrethrum spray catches and the presence of Plasmodium sporozoites was assessed by TaqMan assay. Results Malaria prevalence was not significantly different between villages, with an average of 8.0% by RDT, 4.8% by microscopy and 11.9% by PCR. This was mainly due to P. falciparum and to a lesser extent to P. vivax. However, there was a significantly higher prevalence rate as determined by PCR at T2 ($$\chi_{2}^{2}$$ χ 2 2 = 7.46, P = 0.025). Likewise, mosquitoes were significantly more abundant at T2 ($$\chi_{2}^{2}$$ χ 2 2 = 64.8, P < 0.001), especially in Ambohitromby. At T1 and T3 mosquito abundance was higher in Miarinarivo than in Ambohitromby ($$\chi_{2}^{2}$$ χ 2 2 = 14.92, P < 0.001). Of 1550 Anopheles mosquitoes tested, 28 (1.8%) were found carrying Plasmodium sporozoites. The entomological inoculation rate revealed that Anopheles coustani played a major contribution in malaria transmission in Miarinarivo, being responsible of 61.2 infective bites per human (ib/h) during the whole six months of the survey, whereas, it was An. arabiensis, with 36 ib/h, that played that role in Ambohitromby. Conclusions Despite a similar malaria prevalence in two nearby villages, the entomological survey showed a different contribution of An. coustani and An. arabiensis to malaria transmission in each village. Importantly, the suspected secondary malaria vector An. coustani, was found playing the major role in malaria transmission in one village. This highlights the importance of combining parasitology and entomology surveys for better targeting local malaria vectors. Such study should contribute to the malaria pre-elimination goal established under the 2018–2022 National Malaria Strategic Plan.
Published: 2020

9. An uranyl sorption study inside functionalised nanopores

Author: Pinaeva, U., Ollier, N., Cavani, O., Balanzat, E., Al-Sheikhly, M., Wade, T. L., Clochard, M.-C., Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (LSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LSI - Physique et Chimie des nano-objets (PCN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Défauts et IRradiations (MADIR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Laboratory for Radiation and Polymer Science (LRPS), University of Maryland [College Park], and University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System
Subjects: Chemistry, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Nanoscience and technology, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:Q, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], lcsh:Science, Article, Materials science
Abstract: International audience; Abstract Sorption mechanism of uranyl by poly(bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate) (PB2MP) functionalised polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) track-etched membranes, PB2MP-g-PVDF, was investigated. It was found that uranyl sorption obeyed Langmuir isotherm model giving a maximum U(VI) membrane uptake of 6.73 μ mol g −1 and an affinity constant of 9.85 ⋅ 10 6 L mol −1 . XPS and TRPL measurements were performed to identify sorbed uranyl oxidation state and its environment. Uranyl was found to be mainly in its hexavalent state, i.e . U(VI), showing that the trapping inside the PB2MP-g-PVDF nanoporous membranes did not change the ion speciation. Two sorbed uranyl life-times ( τ 1 = 8.8 μ s and τ 2 = 102.8 μ s) were measured by TRPL which pointed out different complexations taking place inside the nanopores. Uranyl sorption by PB2MP-g-PVDF membranes was also found to be pH dependent demonstrating the highest performance at circumneutral pH. In addition, TRPL was demonstrated to be not only a remarkable technique for U(VI) characterization, but also an alternative to voltammetry detection for trace on-site uranyl monitoring using PB2MP-g-PVDF nanoporous membranes.
Published: 2020

10. A Markov jump process modelling animal group size statistics

Author: Robert L. Pego, Maximilian Engel, Jian-Guo Liu, Pierre Degond, Mathématiques pour l'Industrie et la Physique (MIP), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), department of mathematics, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Center for Nonlinear Analysis [Pittsburgh] (CNA), Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Royal Society, and Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC)
Subjects: POPULATION BALANCE-EQUATIONS, DYNAMICS, Work (thermodynamics), Population dynamics, q-bio.PE, General Mathematics, Population, Mathematics, Applied, self-consistent Markov process, COAGULATION, jump process, 01 natural sciences, 0101 Pure Mathematics, 010104 statistics & probability, Stochastic differential equation, 92D50, Simple (abstract algebra), 0102 Applied Mathematics, CONVERGENCE, DISTRIBUTIONS, 65C30, Statistical physics, [MATH]Mathematics [math], 0101 mathematics, Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, education, 65C35, Mathematics, 45J05, education.field_of_study, Science & Technology, fish schools, SCHEME, Applied Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), 1502 Banking, Finance and Investment, 70F45, AGGREGATION, self-consistent Markov process Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 60J75, Connection (mathematics), Nonlinear system, Distribution (mathematics), FOS: Biological sciences, Physical Sciences, Jump process, numerics
Abstract: International audience; We translate a coagulation-framentation model, describing the dynamics of animal group size distributions , into a model for the population distribution and associate the nonlinear evolution equation with a Markov jump process of a type introduced in classic work of H. McKean. In particular this formalizes a model suggested by H.-S. Niwa [J. Theo. Biol. 224 (2003)] with simple coagulation and fragmentation rates. Based on the jump process, we develop a numerical scheme that allows us to approximate the equilibrium for the Niwa model, validated by comparison to analytical results by Degond et al. [J. Nonlinear Sci. 27 (2017)], and study the population and size distributions for more complicated rates. Furthermore, the simulations are used to describe statistical properties of the underlying jump process. We additionally discuss the relation of the jump process to models expressed in stochastic differential equations and demonstrate that such a connection is justified in the case of nearest-neighbour interactions, as opposed to global interactions as in the Niwa model.
Published: 2020

11. Multi-decadal analysis of high-resolution albedo changes induced by urbanization over contrasted Chinese cities based on Landsat data

Author: Tianci Guo, Tao He, Shunlin Liang, Jean-Louis Roujean, Yuyu Zhou, Xin Huang, Wuhan University [China], Department of Geographical Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Iowa State University (ISU)
Subjects: Albedo, Urbanization, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Soil Science, Geology, Computers in Earth Sciences, Remote sensing, Land cover change, Landsat
Abstract: International audience; Surface albedo is a key parameter in the surface energy balance and has been identified as a primary essential climate variable (ECV). Variations in surface albedo can be used as a diagnostic tool for local climate change. This is particularly true in urban areas, where the impacts of land cover conversion due to increasing anthropogenic demands can be examined using surface albedo changes. Most of the previous studies of albedo in cities have relied on coarse-resolution datasets with short time spans and have disregarded continuous monitoring. In addition, it is still unclear which urbanization processes are involved and what effects they have on surface albedo over long time periods. This study aimed to identify the contribution of increasing urbanization to the regional climate by analyzing spatial and temporal changes in surface albedo. Assigning albedo values to land cover types is useful for determining the level of transformation and their impacts in various Chinese cities that underwent specific evolutions between 1986 and 2018. The Direct Estimation (DE) approach was modified to estimate the daily mean surface albedo at 30 m based on Landsat observations. It resulted root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of less than 0.044 and bias about 0.006 between observations and model estimations. Such accuracy obtained after correcting the orbital drift of the Landsat satellite, was deemed satisfactory for detecting potential changes in albedo. Major findings are: 1) A notable trend was found over the past 33 years of 11 major Chinese cities, i.e. population about 10 million and more, with a general albedo increase from satellite observations. The higher resolution Landsat dataset showed a trend 3 times larger than the Global Land Surface Satellites (GLASS) product, which outlines the need for analyzing high resolution imagery in priority for reliable estimate of albedo over heterogeneous urban landscapes. 2) An increase in albedo infers a negative radiative forcing at an average rate of -2.771 W/m2 per decade, thereby indicating a cooling effect for most Chinese cities. 3) Changes in surface albedo were also closely linked to landscape transformation, clearly observed using the 30 m resolution of the Landsat data. 4) Throughout the study period, surface albedo exhibited a temporal U-shaped curve in built-up areas under development, with albedo peaks in old and newly built districts and a decrease in albedo between the two eras.
Published: 2022

12. GLODAPv2.2022: the latest version of the global interior ocean biogeochemical data product

Author: Siv K. Lauvset, Nico Lange, Toste Tanhua, Henry C. Bittig, Are Olsen, Alex Kozyr, Simone R. Alin, Marta Álvarez, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Leticia Barbero, Susan Becker, Peter J. Brown, Brendan R. Carter, Leticia Cotrim da Cunha, Richard A. Feely, Mario Hoppema, Matthew P. Humphreys, Masao Ishii, Emil Jeansson, Li-Qing Jiang, Steve D. Jones, Claire Lo Monaco, Akihiko Murata, Jens Daniel Müller, Fiz F. Pérez, Benjamin Pfeil, Carsten Schirnick, Reiner Steinfeldt, Toru Suzuki, Bronte Tilbrook, Adam Ulfsbo, Anton Velo, Ryan J. Woosley, Robert M. Key, NORCE Norwegian Research Center, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), University of Bergen (UiB), NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [Newport] (PMEL), Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Málaga., Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies (CIMAS), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables]-University of Miami [Coral Gables], Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, University of Washington (Tacoma), Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro [Rio de Janeiro] (UERJ), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Cycles biogéochimiques marins : processus et perturbations (CYBIOM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Research Institute for Global Change (RIGC), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Instituto de Investigacions Marinas, Institute of Environmental Physics [Bremen] (IUP), University of Bremen, Marine Information Research Center, CISRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program [Princeton] (AOS Program), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Princeton University
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis effort providing regular compilations of surface-to-bottom ocean biogeochemical bottle data, with an emphasis on seawater inorganic carbon chemistry and related variables determined through chemical analysis of seawater samples. GLODAPv2.2022 is an update of the previous version, GLODAPv2.2021 (Lauvset et al., 2021). The major changes are as follows: data from 96 new cruises were added, data coverage was extended until 2021, and for the first time we performed secondary quality control on all sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) data. In addition, a number of changes were made to data included in GLODAPv2.2021. These changes affect specifically the SF6 data, which are now subjected to secondary quality control, and carbon data measured on board the RV Knorr in the Indian Ocean in 1994–1995 which are now adjusted using certified reference material (CRM) measurements made at the time. GLODAPv2.2022 includes measurements from almost 1.4 million water samples from the global oceans collected on 1085 cruises. The data for the now 13 GLODAP core variables (salinity, oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate, dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, pH, chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC-11), CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4, and SF6) have undergone extensive quality control with a focus on systematic evaluation of bias. The data are available in two formats: (i) as submitted by the data originator but converted to World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) exchange format and (ii) as a merged data product with adjustments applied to minimize bias. For the present annual update, adjustments for the 96 new cruises were derived by comparing those data with the data from the 989 quality-controlled cruises in the GLODAPv2.2021 data product using crossover analysis. SF6 data from all cruises were evaluated by comparison with CFC-12 data measured on the same cruises. For nutrients and ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) chemistry comparisons to estimates based on empirical algorithms provided additional context for adjustment decisions. The adjustments that we applied are intended to remove potential biases from errors related to measurement, calibration, and data handling practices without removing known or likely time trends or variations in the variables evaluated. The compiled and adjusted data product is believed to be consistent to better than 0.005 in salinity, 1 % in oxygen, 2 % in nitrate, 2 % in silicate, 2 % in phosphate, 4 µmol kg−1 in dissolved inorganic carbon, 4 µmol kg−1 in total alkalinity, 0.01–0.02 in pH (depending on region), and 5 % in the halogenated transient tracers. The other variables included in the compilation, such as isotopic tracers and discrete CO2 fugacity (f CO2), were not subjected to bias comparison or adjustments. The original data, their documentation, and DOI codes are available at the Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System of NOAA NCEI (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/GLODAPv2_2022/, last access: 15 August 2022). This site also provides access to the merged data product, which is provided as a single global file and as four regional ones – the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans – under https://doi.org/10.25921/1f4w-0t92 (Lauvset et al., 2022). These bias-adjusted product files also include significant ancillary and approximated data, which were obtained by interpolation of, or calculation from, measured data. This living data update documents the GLODAPv2.2022 methods and provides a broad overview of the secondary quality control procedures and results., Earth System Science Data, 14 (12), ISSN:1866-3516, ISSN:1866-3508
Published: 2022

13. Stability of optimal traffic plans in the irrigation problem

Author: Antoine Prouff, Antonio De Rosa, Andrea Marchese, Maria Colombo, Paul Pegon, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences [New York] (CIMS), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Department of mathematics/Dipartimento di Matematica [Univ. Trento], Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), CEntre de REcherches en MAthématiques de la DEcision (CEREMADE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Méthodes numériques pour le problème de Monge-Kantorovich et Applications en sciences sociales (MOKAPLAN), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay), Maria Colombo was partially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant 200021_182565. Antonio De Rosa has been supported by the NSF DMS Grant No. 1906451. Andrea Marchese acknowledges partial support from GNAMPA-INdAM., Department of Mathematics [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Bocconi Institute for Data Science and Analytics (BIDSA), Bocconi University [Milan, Italy], Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, M. C. was partially supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation grant 200021_182565. A. D. R. has been supported by the NSF DMS Grant No. 1906451 and the NSF DMS Grant No. 2112311. A. M. acknowledges partial support from GNAMPA-INdAM. A.P. was supported by the Fondation Mathématiques Jacques Hadamard. P.P and A.P. both acknowledge EPFL for hosting them during the semester this paper was prepared., Inria de Paris, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CEntre de REcherches en MAthématiques de la DEcision (CEREMADE)
Subjects: BRANCHED TRANSPORT, Mathematical optimization, Irrigation, TRAFFIC PLANS, [MATH.MATH-CA]Mathematics [math]/Classical Analysis and ODEs [math.CA], 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), symbols.namesake, Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA), FOS: Mathematics, Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Limit (mathematics), 0101 mathematics, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics, TRANSPORTATION NETWORK, BRANCHED TRANSPORT, IRRIGATION PROBLEM, TRAFFIC PLANS, STABILITY, STABILITY, IRRIGATION PROBLEM, Applied Mathematics, TRANSPORTATION NETWORK, 010102 general mathematics, Eulerian path, Flow network, 010101 applied mathematics, Optimization and Control (math.OC), Mathematics - Classical Analysis and ODEs, symbols, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Analysis, Lagrangian, Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
Abstract: We prove the stability of optimal traffic plans in branched transport. In particular, we show that any limit of optimal traffic plans is optimal as well. This result goes beyond the Eulerian stability proved in [7], extending it to the Lagrangian framework.
Published: 2022

14. The SuperCam infrared spectrometer for the perseverance rover of the Mars2020 mission

Author: Napoléon Nguyen-Tuong, Cathy Quantin, Clément Royer, Vartan Arslanyan, Rafik Hassen-Khodja, Cyrille Blanchard, Jean-Michel Reess, Timothy H. McConnochie, Sophie Jacquinod, Claude Collin, Mehdi Beuzit, L. Mandon, Jérôme Parisot, Christophe Montaron, François Poulet, Olivier Forni, Sylvestre Maurice, Thierry Fouchet, Franck Montmessin, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Didier Zeganadin, P. Pilleri, Olivier Humeau, Cedric Pilorget, Jeffrey R. Johnsson, Agnes Cousin, Sadok Abbaki, Ourdya Achelhi, Alexandre Jeanneau, Olivier Beyssac, Laurent Lapauw, P. Bernardi, Frédéric Chapron, Pierre Beck, Claudine Colon, Olivier Gasnault, Marion Bonafous, Patricia Nibert, Bruno Dubois, Vincent Hamm, Roger C. Wiens, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Infrared spectroscopy, FOS: Physical sciences, Mars, 01 natural sciences, Impact crater, 0103 physical sciences, Spectral resolution, Spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Radiometric calibration, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Martian, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Spectrometer, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mars Exploration Program, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], mineralogy, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Geology, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the Infrared spectrometer of SuperCam Instrument Suite that enables the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover to study remotely the Martian mineralogy within the Jezero crater. The SuperCam IR spectrometer is designed to acquire spectra in the 1.3-2.6 $\mu$m domain at a spectral resolution ranging from 5 to 20~nm. The field-of-view of 1.15 mrad, is coaligned with the boresights of the other remote-sensing techniques provided by SuperCam: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, remote time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopies, and visible reflectance spectroscopy, and micro-imaging. The IR spectra can be acquired from the robotic-arm workspace to long-distances, in order to explore the mineralogical diversity of the Jezero crater, guide the Perseverance Rover in its sampling task, and to document the samples' environment. We present the design, the performance, the radiometric calibration, and the anticipated operations at the surface of Mars., Comment: Accepted for publication in Icarus
Published: 2022

15. Variance Reduction for Generalized Likelihood Ratio Method By Conditional Monte Carlo and Randomized Quasi-Monte Carlo

Author: Peng, Yijie, Fu, Michael, Hu, Jiaqiao, L'Ecuyer, Pierre, Tuffin, Bruno, Peking University [Beijing], Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Département d'Informatique et de Recherche Opérationnelle [Montreal] (DIRO), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Dependability Interoperability and perfOrmance aNalYsiS Of networkS (DIONYSOS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), mEasuRing and ManagIng Network operation and Economic (ERMINE), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO]
Abstract: International audience; The generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) method is a recently introduced gradient estimation method for handling discontinuities for a wide scope of sample performances. We put the GLR methods from previous work into a single framework, simplify regularity conditions for justifying unbiasedness of GLR, and relax some of those conditions that are difficult to verify in practice. Moreover, we combine GLR with conditional Monte Carlo methods and randomized quasi-Monte Carlo methods to reduce the variance. Numerical experiments show that the variance reduction could be significant in various applications.
Published: 2022

16. Optimized Umkehr profile algorithm for ozone trend analyses

Author: Jeannette Wild, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Richard Querel, Audra McClure-Beegle, Lawrence E. Flynn, Krzysztof Wargan, Susan E. Strahan, Koji Miyagawa, Gérard Ancellet, Bryan J. Johnson, E. Beach, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Satellite Eareth System Studies (CISESS), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NCEP Climate Prediction Center (CPC), NOAA National Weather Service (NWS), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Science Systems and Applications, Inc. [Lanham] (SSAI), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), IM Systems Group (IMSG), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and STRATO - LATMOS
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Data processing, Atmospheric Science, Ozone, Stray light, Homogenization (climate), Microwave Limb Sounder, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Satellite data, Calibration, Environmental science, Satellite, Remote sensing
Abstract: The long-term record of Umkehr measurements from four NOAA Dobson spectrophotometers was reprocessed after updates to the instrument calibration procedures. In addition, a new data quality-control tool was developed for the Dobson automation software (WinDobson). This paper presents a comparison of Dobson Umkehr ozone profiles from NOAA ozone network stations – Boulder, the Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP), the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO), Lauder – against several satellite records, including Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS; ver. 4.2), and combined solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV) and Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) records (NASA aggregated and NOAA cohesive datasets). A subset of satellite data is selected to match Dobson Umkehr observations at each station spatially (distance less than 200 km) and temporally (within 24 h). Umkehr Averaging kernels (AKs) are applied to vertically smooth all overpass satellite profiles prior to comparisons. The station Umkehr record consists of several instrumental records, which have different optical characterizations, and thus instrument-specific stray light contributes to the data processing errors and creates step changes in the record. This work evaluates the overall quality of Umkehr long-term measurements at NOAA ground-based stations and assesses the impact of the instrumental changes on the stability of the Umkehr ozone profile record. This paper describes a method designed to correct biases and discontinuities in the retrieved Umkehr profile that originate from the Dobson calibration process, repair, or optical realignment of the instrument. The Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) Global Modeling Initiative (M2GMI) and NASA Global Modeling Initiative chemistry transport model (GMI CTM) ozone profile model output matched to station location and date of observation is used to evaluate instrumental step changes in the Umkehr record. Homogenization of the Umkehr record and discussion of the apparent stray light error in retrieved ozone profiles are the focus of this paper. Homogenization of ground-based records is of great importance for studies of long-term ozone trends and climate change.
Published: 2022

17. Seismic constraints from a Mars impact experiment using InSight and Perseverance

Author: Manish R. Patel, Nicholas A Teanby, Taichi Kawamura, Matthieu Plasman, Marouchka Froment, Tarje Nissen-Meyer, N. Wójcicka, Philippe Lognonné, Constantinos Charalambous, Nikolaj Dahmen, Lilya Posiolova, A. Stott, Simon Stähler, Géraldine Zenhäusern, Anna Horleston, Benjamin Fernando, Aymeric Spiga, Lucie Rolland, Ingrid Daubar, Bruce Banerdt, Ross Maguire, John Clinton, Carene Larmat, Özgür Karatekin, Gareth S. Collins, Savas Ceylan, Matthew P. Golombek, Domenico Giardini, Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Department of Earth Sciences [Oxford], University of Oxford, Department of Earth Science and Engineering [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Department of Geology [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering [London] (DEEE), Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences [Providence], Brown University, This paper constitutes InSight contribution number 218 and LA-UR-21-26319. B.F. and T.N.-M. are supported by the Natural Environment Research Council under the Oxford Environmental Research Doctoral Training Partnership, and the UK Space Agency Aurora grant ST/S001379/1. M.R.P. acknowledges support from the UK Space Agency (grants ST/S00145X/1 and ST/V002295/1). A.H. is funded by the UK Space Agency (grant ST/R002096/1). N.W. and G.S.C. are funded by UK Space Agency grants ST/S001514/1 and ST/T002026/1. S.C.S., G.Z., J.C. and N.D. acknowledge support from ETH Zürich through the ETH+ funding scheme (ETH+02 19-1: ‘Planet Mars’). N.A.T. is funded by UK Space Agency grants ST/R002096/1 and ST/T002972/1. M.F. and C.L. are funded by the Center for Space and Earth Science of Los Alamos National Laboratory. P.L., T.K., A.S., A.E.S., L.R. and M.F. acknowledge the support of CNES and of ANR (MAGIS, ANR-19-CE31-0008-08) for SEIS science support. I.J.D. is supported by NASA InSight Participating Scientist grant 80NM0018F0612. O.K. acknowledges the support of the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) through the ESA/PRODEX programme. A portion of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with NASA., and ANR-19-CE31-0008,MAGIS,MArs Geophysical InSight(2019)
Subjects: Martian, Spacecraft, business.industry, Mars landing, Mars, NASA InSight Mission, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atmosphere of Mars, Mars Exploration Program, Seismic wave, Planet, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Inner planets, Martian surface, Impacts, Traitement du signal et de l'image, business, Seismology, Geology
Abstract: NASA's InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) mission has operated a sophisticated suite of seismology and geophysics instruments on the surface of Mars since its arrival in 2018. On 18 February 2021, we attempted to detect the seismic and acoustic waves produced by the entry, descent and landing of the Perseverance rover using the sensors onboard the InSight lander. Similar observations have been made on Earth using data from both crewed(1,2) and uncrewed(3,4) spacecraft, and on the Moon during the Apollo eras(5), but never before on Mars or another planet. This was the only seismic event to occur on Mars since InSight began operations that had an a priori known and independently constrained timing and location. It therefore had the potential to be used as a calibration for other marsquakes recorded by InSight. Here we report that no signal from Perseverance's entry, descent and landing is identifiable in the InSight data. Nonetheless, measurements made during the landing window enable us to place constraints on the distance-amplitude relationships used to predict the amplitude of seismic waves produced by planetary impacts and place in situ constraints on Martian impact seismic efficiency (the fraction of the impactor kinetic energy converted into seismic energy)., Nature Astronomy, 6 (1), ISSN:2397-3366
Published: 2022
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18. MODIS-Based AVHRR Cloud and Snow Separation Algorithm

Author: Andrés Santamaría-Artigas, Jose Luis Villaescusa-Nadal, Belen Franch, Sergii Skakun, Eric Vermote, Jean-Claude Roger, Department of Geographical Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Pixel, Advanced very-high-resolution radiometer, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Spectral bands, Albedo, Snow, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite, Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Image resolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Remote sensing
Abstract: The long-term data record (LTDR) has the goal of developing a quality and consistent Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) surface reflectance and albedo products dating back to 1982 at 0.05° spatial resolution. Distinguishing between cloud and snow is of critical importance when analyzing global albedo trends, for they influence the Earth's energy balance. However, this task is specially challenging when working with AVHRR given its limited spectral bands. Therefore, the current version of the LTDR does not distinguish between snow and clouds. To this end, we propose the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based AVHRR Class Separation Algorithm (MACSSA), whose goal is to identify clear land and snow pixels using AVHRR data. We make use of a combination of optical and thermal information from satellite and reanalysis data, along with monthly climatology information. These are used as inputs for two different support vector machine (SVM) models, which are then applied to AVHRR data to retrieve the MACSSA predicted tags. These are compared first against reference tags retrieved from the MYD10C1 product over pixels with less than 2-min overpass time difference between MODIS Aqua and NOAA16-19, distributed all around the world, and second against the Climate Change Initiative Cloud (Cloud_cci AVHRR) project. We found the product to be highly accurate in identifying clear land pixels, with a probability of detection of clear pixels (PODclear) of 97%. The discrimination of snow and clouds shows a PODsnow of 89%, which is encouraging given the spectral limitations of the AVHRR sensor.
Published: 2022

19. VLT spectropolarimetry of comet 67P: Dust environment around the end of its intense southern summer

Author: Johannes Markkanen, Jessica Agarwal, Stefano Bagnulo, Yuna G. Kwon, Gian Paolo Tozzi, Anny Chantal Levasseur-Regourd, Colin Snodgrass, Kolokolova Ludmilla, Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik [Braunschweig] (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Armagh Observatory [Armagh], Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute for Astronomy [Edinburgh] (IfA), University of Edinburgh, INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), and Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Dust particles, Comet, FOS: Physical sciences, Coma (optics), Astrophysics, polarimetric [Techniques], 01 natural sciences, spectroscopic [Techniques], Phase angle (astronomy), individual: 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko [Comets], 0103 physical sciences, observational [Methods], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Very Large Telescope, numerical [Methods], general [Comets], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Wavelength, Surface-area-to-volume ratio, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Sublimation (phase transition), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We report our new spectropolarimetric observations for 67P dust over 4,000--9,000 Angstrom using the ESO/Very Large Telescope in January--March 2016 (phase angle ranging $\sim$26--5 deg) to constrain the properties of the dust particles of 67P and therefrom diagnose the dust environment of its coma and near-surface layer at around the end of the Southern summer of the comet. We examined the optical behaviours of the dust, which, together with Rosetta colour data, were used to search for dust evolution with cometocentric distance. Modelling was also conducted to identify the dust attributes compatible with the results. The spectral dependence of the polarisation degree of 67P dust is flatter than found in other dynamical groups of comets in similar observing geometry. The depth of its negative polarisation branch appears to be a bit shallower than in long-period comets and might be getting shallower as 67P repeats its apparitions. Its dust colour shows a change in slope around 5,500 Angstrom, (17.3 $\pm$ 1.4) and (10.9 $\pm$ 0.6) % (1,000 Angstrom)$^{\rm -1}$ for shortward and longward of the wavelength, respectively, which are slightly redder but broadly consistent with the average of Jupiter-Family comets. Observations of 67P dust in this study can be attributed to dust agglomerates of $\sim$100 $\mu$m in size detected by Rosetta in early 2016. A porosity of 60 % shows the best match with our polarimetric results, yielding a dust density of $\sim$770 kg m$^{\rm -3}$. Compilation of Rosetta and our data indicates the dust's reddening with increasing nucleus distance, which may be driven by water-ice sublimation as the dust moves out of the nucleus. We estimate the possible volume fraction of water ice in the initially ejected dust as $\sim$6 % (i.e. the refractory-to-ice volume ratio of $\sim$14)., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2022

20. A Global Ocean Oxygen Database and Atlas for Assessing and Predicting Deoxygenation and Ocean Health in the Open and Coastal Ocean

Author: Grégoire, Marilaure, Garçon, Véronique, Garcia, Hernan, Breitburg, Denise, Isensee, Kirsten, Oschlies, Andreas, Telszewski, Maciej, Barth, Alexander, Bittig, Henry C., Carstensen, Jacob, Carval, Thierry, Chai, Fei, Chavez, Francisco, Conley, Daniel, Coppola, Laurent, Crowe, Sean, Currie, Kim, Dai, Minhan, Deflandre, Bruno, Dewitte, Boris, Diaz, Robert, Garcia-Robledo, Emilio, Gilbert, Denis, Giorgetti, Alessandra, Glud, Ronnie, Gutierrez, Dimitri, Hosoda, Shigeki, Ishii, Masao, Jacinto, Gil, Langdon, Chris, Lauvset, Siv K., Levin, Lisa A., Limburg, Karin E., Mehrtens, Hela, Montes, Ivonne, Naqvi, Wajih, Paulmier, Aurélien, Pfeil, Benjamin, Pitcher, Grant, Pouliquen, Sylvie, Rabalais, Nancy, Rabouille, Christophe, Recape, Virginie, Roman, Michaël, Rose, Kenneth, Rudnick, Daniel, Rummer, Jodie, Schmechtig, Catherine, Schmidtko, Sunke, Seibel, Brad, Slomp, Caroline, Sumalia, U. Rashid, Tanhua, Toste, Thierry, Virginie, Uchida, Hiroshi, Wanninkhof, Rik, Yasuhara, Moriaki, Geochemistry, General geochemistry, Université de Liège, Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Smithsonian Environmental Research Center (SERC), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences (IO-PAN), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), GeoHydrodynamics and Environment Research (GHER), Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), University of Maine, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Vancouver] (UBC EOAS), University of British Columbia (UBC), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Auckland] (NIWA), Xiamen University, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Virginia, University of Cadiz, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Trieste, Italy, Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Instituto Geofísico del Perú (IGP), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), University of the Philippines (UP System), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], NORCE Norwegian Research Center, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), State University of New York (SUNY), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research [India] (CSIR), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), University of Cape Town, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (OVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University (LSU), Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reefs Studies [Townsville, Australie] (ARC), The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla, San Diego], College of Marine Science [St Petersburg, FL], University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Faculty of Geosciences [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), 1190276, R20F0008-CEAZA, National Science Foundation, NSF: OCE-1840868, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA: SFB754, Horizon, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS, FNRS: T.1009.15, Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, BELSPO, Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca, MIUR, Norges Forskningsråd: 269753, All authors would like to thank IOC-UNESCO, International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project (IOCCP), NOAA, and the German SFB754. MG is funded by the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique (FRS-FNRS) and received fundings from the FNRS BENTHOX program grant T.1009.15, the Copernicus Marine Service (CMEMS), MG, VG, KI, and BDew are supported by the Project CE2COAST funded by ANR (FR), BELSPO (BE), FCT (PT), IZM (LV), MI (IE), MIUR (IT), Rannis (IS), and RCN (NO) through the 2019 ?Joint Transnational Call on Next Generation Climate Science in Europe for Oceans? initiated by JPI Climate and JPI Oceans. MT, KC, and VG acknowledge support from the United States National Science Foundation grant OCE-1840868 to the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR, United States). BoD also acknowledges support from ANID grants R20F0008-CEAZA and 1190276. CB, AP, VG, LC, BrD, VR, VT, and CS acknowledge support of the French CES ODATIS Oxygen through INSU funding. SKL acknowledges support from the Research Council of Norway (Grant No. 269753). This manuscript is a contribution to the UN Decade Global Ocean Oxygen (GOOD) Program., ANR-20-CE01-0021,CO2COAST,Analyse de la variabilité spatio-temporelle de pCO2 et du flux de CO2 à l'interface air-mer des eaux côtières globales sur les deux dernières décennies: une approche basée sur l'observation spatiale(2020), European Project: 869300,FutureMARES, and European Project: 0652976(2007)
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, observing, Ocean oxygen, deoxygenation, Ocean Engineering, Ocean observation, Aquatic Science, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Oceanography, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.05.11 [https], atlas, data-products, mapping, open and coastal ocean, Life Below Water, oxygen, database, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: In this paper, we outline the need for a coordinated international effort toward the building of an open-access Global Ocean Oxygen Database and ATlas (GO 2DAT) complying with the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). GO 2DAT will combine data from the coastal and open ocean, as measured by the chemical Winkler titration method or by sensors (e.g., optodes, electrodes) from Eulerian and Lagrangian platforms (e.g., ships, moorings, profiling floats, gliders, ships of opportunities, marine mammals, cabled observatories). GO 2DAT will further adopt a community-agreed, fully documented metadata format and a consistent quality control (QC) procedure and quality flagging (QF) system. GO 2DAT will serve to support the development of advanced data analysis and biogeochemical models for improving our mapping, understanding and forecasting capabilities for ocean O 2 changes and deoxygenation trends. It will offer the opportunity to develop quality-controlled data synthesis products with unprecedented spatial (vertical and horizontal) and temporal (sub-seasonal to multi-decadal) resolution. These products will support model assessment, improvement and evaluation as well as the development of climate and ocean health indicators. They will further support the decision-making processes associated with the emerging blue economy, the conservation of marine resources and their associated ecosystem services and the development of management tools required by a diverse community of users (e.g., environmental agencies, aquaculture, and fishing sectors). A better knowledge base of the spatial and temporal variations of marine O 2 will improve our understanding of the ocean O 2 budget, and allow better quantification of the Earth’s carbon and heat budgets. With the ever-increasing need to protect and sustainably manage ocean services, GO 2DAT will allow scientists to fully harness the increasing volumes of O 2 data already delivered by the expanding global ocean observing system and enable smooth incorporation of much higher quantities of data from autonomous platforms in the open ocean and coastal areas into comprehensive data products in the years to come. This paper aims at engaging the community (e.g., scientists, data managers, policy makers, service users) toward the development of GO 2DAT within the framework of the UN Global Ocean Oxygen Decade (GOOD) program recently endorsed by IOC-UNESCO. A roadmap toward GO 2DAT is proposed highlighting the efforts needed (e.g., in terms of human resources).
Published: 2021

21. Variance Reduction for Generalized Likelihood Ratio Method in Quantile Sensitivity Estimation

Author: Peng, Yijie, Fu, Michael, Hu, Jiaqiao, L'Ecuyer, Pierre, Tuffin, Bruno, Peking University [Beijing], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Département d'Informatique et de Recherche Opérationnelle [Montreal] (DIRO), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Dependability Interoperability and perfOrmance aNalYsiS Of networkS (DIONYSOS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO]
Abstract: International audience; We apply the generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) methods in Peng et al. (2018) and Peng et al. (2021) to estimate quantile sensitivities. Conditional Monte Carlo and randomized quasi-Monte Carlo methods are used to reduce the variance of the GLR estimators. The proposed methods are applied to a toy example and a stochastic activity network example. Numerical results show that the variance reduction is significant.
Published: 2021

22. Minimal Microscopic Model for Liquid Polyamorphism and Waterlike Anomalies

Author: Mikhail A. Anisimov, Frédéric Caupin, Liquides et interfaces (L&I), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Physical Science and Technology [College Park] (IPST), University of Maryland [College Park], and University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Materials science, Single component, General Physics and Astronomy, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Minimal model, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Critical point (thermodynamics), Polyamorphism, Phase (matter), Physics - Chemical Physics, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Supercooling, Lattice model (physics), Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Phase diagram
Abstract: Liquid polyamorphism is the intriguing possibility for a single component substance to exist in multiple liquid phases. We propose a minimal model for this phenomenon. Starting with a binary lattice model with critical azeotropy and liquid-liquid demixing, we allow interconversion of the two species, turning the system into a single-component fluid with two states differing in energy and entropy. Unveiling the phase diagram of the non-interconverting binary mixture gives unprecedented insight on the phase behaviors accessible to the interconverting fluid, such as a liquid-liquid transition with a critical point, or a singularity-free scenario, exhibiting thermodynamic anomalies without polyamorphism. The model provides a unified theoretical framework to describe supercooled water and a variety of polyamorphic liquids with water-like anomalies., Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2021

23. Automatic Identification of Mantle Seismic Phases Using a Convolutional Neural Network

Author: Nicholas Schmerr, Jorge Garcia, Benoit Tauzin, Lauren Waszek, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geology [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Artificial neural network, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], business.industry, Computer science, Deep learning, Pattern recognition, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Convolutional neural network, Data set, Geophysics, Mantle (API), Seismic tomography, Transition zone, Pattern recognition (psychology), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Artificial intelligence, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Typical seismic waveform data sets comprise hundreds of thousands to millions of records. Compilation is performed by time-consuming handpicking of phase arrival times, or signal processing algorithms such as cross-correlation. The latter generally underperform compared to handpicking. However, differences in picking methods creates variations in models and interpretation of Earth's structure. Here, we exploit the pattern recognition capabilities of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Using a large handpicked data set, we train a CNN model to identify the seismic shear phase SS. This accelerates, automates, and makes consistent data compilation, a task usually completed by visual inspection and influenced by scientists' choices. The CNN model is employed to identify precursors to SS generated by mantle discontinuities. It identifies precursors in stacked and individual seismograms, producing new measurements of the mantle transition zone with quality comparable to handpicked data. This rapid acquisition of high-quality observations has implications for automation of future seismic tomography studies.
Published: 2021

24. HaloSat Observations of Heliospheric Solar Wind Charge Exchange

Author: P. Kaaret, M. Kounkel, D. M. LaRocca, A. Zajczyk, J. Richardson, J. Bluem, K. D. Kuntz, Dimitra Koutroumpa, R. Ringuette, Keith Jahoda, ADNET Systems, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics [PennState], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Bellingham], Western Washington University (WWU), Center for Space Sciences and Technology (CSST), University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), and University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System
Subjects: Physics, Line-of-sight, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Ecliptic, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Ecliptic pole, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Galactic halo, Solar wind, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Emission spectrum, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Line (formation)
Abstract: International audience; X-ray emission from solar wind charge exchange (SWCX) produced in interplanetary space contaminates every astrophysical observation, regardless of the line of sight. Unfortunately, the primary SWCX emission lines also happen to be important diagnostics of astrophysical plasmas. Models of SWCX emission are limited by two main uncertainties: the local solar wind fluxes along the line of sight and the charge exchange cross sections. The He cone, a localized density enhancement of helium neutrals, is the only heliospheric SWCX emission feature that is small enough and bright enough to be observationally isolated from the X-ray background and the broader SWCX emission. HaloSat, an X-ray CubeSat mission, has recently completed two series of specialized observations, near and far from the ecliptic plane, during two Earth transits of the He cone. These observations were used to test the predictions of an SWCX emission model against the emission observed at low ecliptic latitude, where the solar wind data are monitored, and at high ecliptic latitude, where the solar wind data are extrapolated. The measured SWCX emission for the set of observations near the ecliptic plane was consistent with the line intensities predicted by the model but underpredicted for the set of observations at high ecliptic latitude near the south ecliptic pole. Additionally, high-temperature Galactic halo emission components are reported for both spectral sets.
Published: 2021

25. Modeling SARS‐CoV‐2 proteins in the CASP‐commons experiment

Author: Kryshtafovych, Andriy, Moult, John, Billings, Wendy, Della Corte, Dennis, Fidelis, Krzysztof, Kwon, Sohee, Olechnovič, Kliment, Seok, Chaok, Venclovas, Česlovas, Won, Jonghun, Adhikari, Badri, Adiyaman, Recep, Aguirre-Plans, Joaquim, Anishchenko, Ivan, Baek, Minkyung, Baker, David, Baldassarre, Frederico, Barger, Jacob, Bhattacharya, Sutanu, Bhattacharya, Debswapna, Bitton, Mor, Cao, Renzhi, Cheng, Jianlin, Christoffer, Charles, Czaplewski, Cezary, Elofsson, Arne, Faraggi, Eshel, Feig, Michael, Fernandez-Fuentes, Narcis, Grishin, Nick, Grudinin, Sergei, Guo, Zhiye, Hanazono, Yuya, Hassabis, Demis, Hedelius, Bryce, Heo, Lim, Hiranuma, Naozumi, Hunt, Cassandra, Igashov, Ilia, Ishida, Takashi, Jernigan, Robert, Jones, David, Jumper, John, Kadukova, Maria, Kandathil, Shaun, Keasar, Chen, Kihara, Daisuke, Kinch, Lisa, Kiyota, Yasuomi, Kloczkowski, Andrzje, Kohli, Pushmeet, Kogut, Mateusz, Laine, Elodie, Lilley, Cade, Liu, Jian, Liwo, Adam, Lubecka, Emilia, Mondal, Arup, Morris, Connor, Mcguffin, Liam, Molina, Alexis, Nakamura, Tsukasa, Oliva, Baldo, Perez, Alberto, Pozzati, Gabriele, Sarkar, Daipayan, Sato, Rin, Schwede, Torsten, Shrestha, Bikash, Sidi, Tomer, Studer, Gabriel, Shuvo, Md Hossain, Takeda-Shitaka, Mayuko, Takei, Yuma, Terashi, Genki, Tomii, Kentaro, Tsuchiya, Yuko, Tunyasuvunakool, Kathryn, Waliner, Björn, Wu, Tianqi, Xu, Jinbo, Yamamori, Yu, Zhang, Chengxin, Zhang, Yang, Zheng, Wei, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research [Rockville, MD, États-Unis] (IBBR), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Brigham Young University (BYU), Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Vilnius University [Vilnius], University of Missouri [St. Louis], University of Missouri System, University of Reading (UOR), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Biorobotics Lab (University of Washington), University of Washington [Seattle], Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Auburn University (AU), Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Pacific Lutheran University [Tacoma] (PLU), University of Missouri [Columbia] (Mizzou), Purdue University [West Lafayette], University of Gdańsk (UG), Stockholm University, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indiana University System, Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Aberystwyth University, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas], Données, Apprentissage et Optimisation (DAO), Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST), DeepMind [London], DeepMind Technologies, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), Iowa State University (ISU), University College of London [London] (UCL), Kitasato University, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative = Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology (LCQB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Tohoku University [Sendai], University of Basel (Unibas), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Linköping University (LIU), Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago [Chicago] (TTIC), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of California, University of Maryland [Baltimore], Algorithms for Modeling and Simulation of Nanosystems (NANO-D), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann (LJK), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )
Subjects: Models, Molecular, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Research groups, Protein Conformation, Computer science, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Model accuracy, Genome, Viral, computer.software_genre, Biochemistry, SARS‐CoV‐2, Viroporin Proteins, Domain (software engineering), Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Protein Domains, Structural Biology, EMA, Humans, CASP, Molecular Biology, Research Articles, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, COVID, 0303 health sciences, SARS-CoV-2, 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology, COVID-19, Protein structure prediction, Model quality, Critical assessment, Data mining, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], computer, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction (CASP) is an organization aimed at advancing the state of the art in computing protein structure from sequence. In the spring of 2020, CASP launched a community project to compute the structures of the most structurally challenging proteins coded for in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Forty-seven research groups submitted over 3000 three-dimensional models and 700 sets of accuracy estimates on 10 proteins. The resulting models were released to the public. CASP community members also worked together to provide estimates of local and global accuracy and identify structure-based domain boundaries for some proteins. Subsequently, two of these structures (ORF3a and ORF8) have been solved experimentally, allowing assessment of both model quality and the accuracy estimates. Models from the AlphaFold2 group were found to have good agreement with the experimental structures, with main chain GDT_TS accuracy scores ranging from 63 (a correct topology) to 87 (competitive with experiment).
Published: 2021

26. Invasion disharmony in the global biogeography of native and non‐native beetle species

Author: Takehiko Yamanaka, Andrew M. Liebhold, Helen F. Nahrung, Alain Roques, Cleo Bertelsmeier, Rebecca M. Turner, Deepa S. Pureswaran, Hanno Seebens, Eckehard G. Brockerhoff, Rachael E. Blake, Franzén, Markus (ed.), USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Forest Systems, Scion [New Zealand], National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, University of the Sunshine Coast (USC), Canadian Forest Service - CFS (CANADA), Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, and National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, family, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, media_common.quotation_subject, Biogeography, Insect, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, non-native, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, 15. Life on land, invasion, disharmony, Coleoptera, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, Geography, composition, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, insect, native, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Aim The concept of "island disharmony" has been widely applied to describe the systematic over- and under-representation of taxa on islands compared to mainland regions. Here, we explore an extension of that concept to biological invasions. We compare biogeographical patterns in native and non-native beetle (Coleoptera) assemblages from around the world to test whether beetle invasions represent a random sample of species or whether some families are more prone to invade than others. Location Global. Methods Numbers of non-native beetle species established in ten regions worldwide were compared with the land area of each region. The distribution of species among families was compared with the distribution among families for all species native to the same region and with the distribution among families for the global pool of all known beetle species. Ordination analysis was used to characterize differences among native and non-native assemblages based upon the distribution of species among families. Results We report a total of 1,967 non-native beetle species across all ten regions, and a classic log-log relationship between numbers of species per region and land area though relationships are generally stronger for native assemblages. Some families (e.g., Dermestidae and Bostrichidae) are over-represented and others (e.g., Carabidae, Scarabaeidae and Buprestidae) are under-represented in non-native assemblages. The distribution of species among families is generally similar among native assemblages with greatest similarities among nearby regions. In contrast, non-native species assemblages are more similar to each other than to native species assemblages. Main conclusions Certain families are over-represented, and others are under-represented in non-native beetle assemblages compared to native assemblages, indicating "invasion disharmony" in the global representation of beetle families. Similarities in composition among non-native assemblages may reflect unobserved associations with invasion pathways and life-history traits that shape invasion success of different insect groups.
Published: 2021

27. Applications of a cloudsat-trmm and cloudsat-gpm satellite coincidence dataset

Author: Andrea Camplani, Giulia Panegrossi, Jean François Rysman, Ardeshir Ebtehaj, Daniele Casella, Sajad Vahedizade, Ramon Padullés, Guosheng Liu, Jie Gong, F. Joseph Turk, Norman B. Wood, Paolo Sanò, Lisa Milani, Mark S. Kulie, Sarah Ringerud, Randy J. Chase, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Informatics and System Sciences (Sapienza University of Rome), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Oklahoma (OU), Department of Civil, Environmental and Geo-Engineering [Minneapolis], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Florida State University [Tallahassee] (FSU), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Minnesota System, and University of Wisconsin-Madison
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Precipitation, 01 natural sciences, Microphysics, law.invention, CloudSat, law, Cloud sat, Snow, Emissivity, Radar, TRMM, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Radiometer, Ice, 13. Climate action, GPM, ice, radar, radiometer, microwave, precipitation, snow, emissivity, microphysics, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite, Global Precipitation Measurement, Microwave
Abstract: The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) (Ku-and Ka-band, or 14 and 35 GHz) provides the capability to resolve the precipitation structure under moderate to heavy precipitation conditions. In this manuscript, the use of near-coincident observations between GPM and the CloudSat Profiling Radar (CPR) (W-band, or 94 GHz) are demonstrated to extend the capability of representing light rain and cold-season precipitation from DPR and the GPM passive microwave constellation sensors. These unique triple-frequency data have opened up applications related to cold-season precipitation, ice microphysics, and light rainfall and surface emissivity effects., J.G. acknowledges the efforts by Ian Adams (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center) for support of airborne data collection during the IMPACTS campaign, and support from NASA grant 80NSSC20K0087.
Published: 2021

28. On arithmetic functions orthogonal to deterministic sequences

Author: Kanigowski, Adam, Kułaga-Przymus, Joanna, Lemańczyk, Mariusz, De La Rue, Thierry, Department of Mathematics [Maryland], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science [Toruń], Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], Laboratoire de Mathématiques Raphaël Salem (LMRS), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mathematics::Dynamical Systems, Mathematics - Number Theory, [MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS], FOS: Mathematics, Dynamical Systems (math.DS), Number Theory (math.NT), Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT]
Abstract: We prove Veech's conjecture on the equivalence of Sarnak's conjecture on M\"obius orthogonality with a Kolmogorov type property of Furstenberg systems of the M\''obius function. This yields a combinatorial condition on the M\"obius function itself which is equivalent to Sarnak's conjecture. As a matter of fact, our arguments remain valid in a larger context: we characterize all bounded arithmetic functions orthogonal to all topological systems whose all ergodic measures yield systems from a fixed characteristic class (zero entropy class is an example of such a characteristic class) with the characterization persisting in the logarithmic setup. As a corollary, we obtain that the logarithmic Sarnak's conjecture holds if and only if the logarithmic M\''obius orthogonality is satisfied for all dynamical systems whose ergodic measures yield nilsystems.
Published: 2021

29. Vapor pressure deficit and sunlight explain seasonality of leaf phenology and photosynthesis across amazonian evergreen broadleaved forest

Author: Nicolas Viovy, Liyang Liu, Shushi Peng, Hao Tang, Xiuzhi Chen, Wenping Yuan, Hyungjun Kim, Ana Bastos, Laurent Li, Haicheng Zhang, Yi Liu, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Lei Fan, Cédric Bacour, Fabienne Maignan, Yuan Zhang, Philippe Ciais, Julia K. Green, Daniel S. Goll, Pierre Gentine, Jin Wu, National Sun Yat-Sen University (NSYSU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), NOVELTIS [Sté], Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering [New York], Columbia University [New York], Institute of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Department of Geographical Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, ANR-15-JCLI-0002,CLIMAX,Climate Services Through Knowledge Co-Production: A Euro-South American Initiative For Strengthening Societal Adaptation Response to Extreme Events(2015), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Vapour Pressure Deficit, Amazonian, Photosynthesis, climatic triggers, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, dry-season photosynthesis, Leaf phenology, biogeochemical cycles of carbon fluxes, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Sunlight, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, Global and Planetary Change, tropical phenology, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, Evergreen, medicine.disease, Amazonian evergreen forests, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, land surface models, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Amazonian evergreen forests show distinct canopy phenology and photosynthetic seasonality but the climatic triggers are not well understood. This imposes a challenge for modeling leaf phenology and photosynthesis seasonality in land surface models (LSMs) across Amazonian evergreen forest biome. On continental scale, we tested two climatic triggers suggested by site observations, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and short-wave incoming radiation (SW) for defining leaf shedding and incorporated VPD- and SW-triggered new canopy phenology modules in the ORCHIDEE LSM (hereafter VPD-AP and SW-AP versions). Our results show that both VPD and SW are plausible precursors of large scale litterfall seasonality across the basin by comparing against in situ data from 14 sites. Specially, both VPD-AP and SW-AP correctly capture the increases in litterfall during the early dry season, followed by a flush of new leaves with increasing photosynthetic rates during the later dry season. The VPD-AP version performs better than the SW-AP version in capturing a dry-season increase of photosynthesis across the wet Amazonia areas where mean annual precipitation exceeds 2,000 mm yr$^{-1}$, consistent with previous satellite data analysis. Both VPD-AP and SW-AP model versions perform well in northern, central and southern Amazon regions where the SW seasonality is unimodal, but miss the seasonality of satellite GPP proxies in the eastern region off the coast of Guyana shield where SW seasonality is bimodal. Our findings imply that atmospheric dryness and sunlight availability likely explain the seasonality of leaf shedding and leaf flush processes, respectively, and consequently control canopy photosynthesis in Amazonian evergreen forests
Published: 2021

30. An open challenge to advance probabilistic forecasting for dengue epidemics

Author: Rita R. Colwell, Luis Mier-y-Teran-Romero, Robert B. Gramacy, Linda J. Moniz, Jeremy M. Cohen, Teresa K. Yamana, David Manheim, Alicia Juarrero, Thomas Bagley, Travis C. Porco, Christopher M. Barker, Matteo Convertino, Aaron Lane, Jason Asher, Raffaele Vardavas, David L. Swerdlow, Rakibul Khan, Evan L. Ray, Jesse E. Bell, Michael A. Johansson, Justin Lessler, Xavier Rodó, Anna M. Stewart-Ibarra, Erin A. Mordecai, Antarpreet Jutla, Jason Devita, Jason R. Rohr, Sadie J. Ryan, Abraham Reddy, Melinda Moore, Sarah F Ackley, Brett M. Forshey, Terry Moschou, Osonde A. Osoba, Jeffrey Shaman, Krzysztof Sakrejda, Steven M. Babin, Nicholas G. Reich, Juli Trtanj, Ryan J. Tibshirani, Gao Jiang, Andrew M. Hebbeler, Matthew Biggerstaff, Erhan Guven, Lee Worden, Fengchen Liu, Anna L. Buczak, Brenda Rivera-Garcia, Markel García-Díez, David C. Farrow, Benjamin Baugher, Karyn M. Apfeldorf, Rachel Lowe, Dylan B. George, Richard Paul, Trevor C. Bailey, Scott Dobson, Roni Rosenfeld, Leah R. Johnson, Nick Lothian, Derek A. T. Cummings, Dhananjai M. Rao, Courtney C. Murdock, Sean M. Moore, Tridip Sardar, Daniel P. Weikel, Marilia Sá Carvalho, Jorge Rivero, Marissa Poultney, Matt Clay, Grant Osborne, Jean Paul Chretien, Alexandria C. Brown, Sangwon Hyun, Logan C. Brooks, Humberto Brito, Xi Meng, Stephen A. Lauer, Hannah E. Clapham, Yang Liu, Harold S. Margolis, Eloy Ortiz, Defense Science and Technology Organization, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Institut Català de Ciències del Clima [Barcelona] (IC3), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria, Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Faculté polytechnique de Mons, Université de Mons (UMons), Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology [Maryland] (CBCB), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Epidemiology and Prevention Branch, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [San Juan], Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Preventive Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Institut Català de Ciències del Clima (IC3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: Medical Sciences, Computer science, High skill, Corrections, epidemic, Dengue fever, Disease Outbreaks, Dengue, 0302 clinical medicine, Models, Peru, Econometrics, 030212 general & internal medicine, health care economics and organizations, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Multidisciplinary, Incidence, Statistical, Biological Sciences, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Preparedness, population characteristics, Probabilistic forecasting, Infection, medicine.medical_specialty, Situation awareness, education, forecast, Forecast skill, Vaccine Related, 03 medical and health sciences, Rare Diseases, medicine, Humans, Epidemics, 030304 developmental biology, Models, Statistical, Public health, Prevention, Puerto Rico, Probabilistic logic, social sciences, medicine.disease, dengue, Vector-Borne Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Epidemiologic Methods
Abstract: Significance Forecasts routinely provide critical information for dangerous weather events but not yet for epidemics. Researchers develop computational models that can be used for infectious disease forecasting, but forecasts have not been broadly compared or tested. We collaboratively compared forecasts from 16 teams for 8 y of dengue epidemics in Peru and Puerto Rico. The comparison highlighted components that forecasts did well (e.g., situational awareness late in the season) and those that need more work (e.g., early season forecasts). It also identified key facets to improve forecasts, including using multiple model ensemble approaches to improve overall forecast skill. Future infectious disease forecasting work can build on these findings and this framework to improve the skill and utility of forecasts., A wide range of research has promised new tools for forecasting infectious disease dynamics, but little of that research is currently being applied in practice, because tools do not address key public health needs, do not produce probabilistic forecasts, have not been evaluated on external data, or do not provide sufficient forecast skill to be useful. We developed an open collaborative forecasting challenge to assess probabilistic forecasts for seasonal epidemics of dengue, a major global public health problem. Sixteen teams used a variety of methods and data to generate forecasts for 3 epidemiological targets (peak incidence, the week of the peak, and total incidence) over 8 dengue seasons in Iquitos, Peru and San Juan, Puerto Rico. Forecast skill was highly variable across teams and targets. While numerous forecasts showed high skill for midseason situational awareness, early season skill was low, and skill was generally lowest for high incidence seasons, those for which forecasts would be most valuable. A comparison of modeling approaches revealed that average forecast skill was lower for models including biologically meaningful data and mechanisms and that both multimodel and multiteam ensemble forecasts consistently outperformed individual model forecasts. Leveraging these insights, data, and the forecasting framework will be critical to improve forecast skill and the application of forecasts in real time for epidemic preparedness and response. Moreover, key components of this project—integration with public health needs, a common forecasting framework, shared and standardized data, and open participation—can help advance infectious disease forecasting beyond dengue.
Published: 2019

31. Quantization in Geometric Pluripotential Theory

Author: Tamás Darvas, Chinh H. Lu, Yanir A. Rubinstein, Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 - Faculté des Sciences (UP11 UFR Sciences), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Department of Mathematics (UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, and Lu, Hoang-Chinh
Subjects: Mathematics - Differential Geometry, Ample line bundle, Pure mathematics, Geodesic, General Mathematics, Connection (vector bundle), Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, Line bundle, FOS: Mathematics, Complex Variables (math.CV), 0101 mathematics, Mathematics::Symplectic Geometry, Mathematics, Mathematics - Complex Variables, Mathematics::Complex Variables, Applied Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, [MATH.MATH-CV]Mathematics [math]/Complex Variables [math.CV], Linear subspace, Metric space, Differential Geometry (math.DG), [MATH.MATH-DG]Mathematics [math]/Differential Geometry [math.DG], Metric (mathematics), [MATH.MATH-CV] Mathematics [math]/Complex Variables [math.CV], Mathematics::Differential Geometry, [MATH.MATH-DG] Mathematics [math]/Differential Geometry [math.DG]
Abstract: The space of K\"ahler metrics can, on the one hand, be approximated by subspaces of algebraic metrics, while, on the other hand, can be enlarged to finite-energy spaces arising in pluripotential theory. The latter spaces are realized as metric completions of Finsler structures on the space of K\"ahler metrics. The former spaces are the finite-dimensional spaces of Fubini--Study metrics of K\"ahler quantization. The goal of this article is to draw a connection between the two. We show that the Finsler structures on the space of K\"ahler potentials can be quantized. More precisely, given a K\"ahler manifold polarized by an ample line bundle we endow the space of Hermitian metrics on powers of that line bundle with Finsler structures and show that the resulting path length metric spaces recover the corresponding metric completions of the Finsler structures on the space of K\"ahler potentials. This has a number of applications, among them a new approach to the rooftop envelopes and Pythagorean formulas of K\"ahler geometry, a new Lidskii type inequality on the space of K\"ahler metrics, and approximation of finite energy potentials, as well as geodesic segments by the corresponding smooth algebraic objects.
Published: 2019

32. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Ionic Liquids and Electrolytes Using Polarizable Force Fields

Author: Bedrov, Dmitry, Piquemal, Jean-Philip, Borodin, Oleg, MacKerell, Alexander, Roux, Benoît, Schröder, Christian, University of Utah, Laboratoire de chimie théorique (LCT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), US Army Research Laboratory-CIS Directorate (ARL), United States Army (U.S. Army), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (PSC), School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, University of Chicago, and Universität Wien
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Anions, Electrolytes, Drude model, Cations, Ionic Liquids, Review, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Polarizable force field AMOEBA, Quantum chemistry, molecular dynamics, Polarizable force fields
Abstract: International audience; Many applications in chemistry, biology, and energy storage/conversion research rely on molecular simulations to provide fundamental insight into structural and transport properties of materials with high ionic concentrations. Whether the system is comprised entirely of ions, like ionic liquids, or is a mixture of a polar solvent with a salt, e.g., liquid electrolytes for battery applications, the presence of ions in these materials results in strong local electric fields polarizing solvent molecules and large ions. To predict properties of such systems from molecular simulations often requires either explicit or mean-field inclusion of the influence of polarization on electrostatic interactions. In this manuscript, we review the pros and cons of different treatments of polarization ranging from the mean-field approaches to the most popular explicit polarization models in molecular dynamics simulations of ionic materials. For each method, we discuss their advantages and disadvantages and emphasize key assumptions as well as their adjustable parameters. Strategies for the development of polarizable models are presented with a specific focus on extracting atomic polarizabilities. Finally, we compare simulations using polarizable and nonpolarizable models for several classes of ionic systems, discussing the underlying physics that each approach includes or ignores, implications for implementation and computational efficiency, and the accuracy of properties predicted by these methods compared to experiments.
Published: 2019

33. Using a geometrical algorithm to provide N-body initial conditions for the gravitational phase of asteroid family formation

Author: Derek C. Richardson, Patrick Michel, Kevin J. Walsh, Ronald-Louis Ballouz, Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space (commercial competition), Asteroid family, 01 natural sciences, methods: numerical, Gravitation, Aeronautics, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 0103 physical sciences, Agency (sociology), Aerospace, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, minor planets asteroids: general
Abstract: Accepted: 2019-02-07, 資料番号: SA1190024000
Published: 2019

34. Using ChemCam LIBS data to constrain grain size in rocks on Mars: Proof of concept and application to rocks at Yellowknife Bay and Pahrump Hills, Gale crater

Author: Olivier Forni, Sylvestre Maurice, Amy J. Williams, Nicolas Mangold, Kathryn M. Stack, Horton E. Newsom, Marion Nachon, Jonas L'Haridon, Dawn Y. Sumner, Olivier Gasnault, Roger C. Wiens, Frances Rivera-Hernandez, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer Science [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Davis], Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Geosciences [Towson], Towson University [Towson, MD, United States], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, University of California (UC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer Science [Univ California Davis] (CS - UC Davis), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: Martian, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bedrock, Mineralogy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mars Exploration Program, Exploration of Mars, 01 natural sciences, Grain size, Sedimentary depositional environment, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Sedimentary rock, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Grain size in martian sedimentary rocks can be constrained using point-to-point chemical variabilities in Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) data from the ChemCam instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover. The diameter of each point ablated by the ChemCam laser is in the range of medium to coarse sand in size. Thus, rocks with grains significantly smaller than the laser spot size produce bulk rock compositions at each LIBS point and low point-to-point chemical variability among LIBS points. In contrast, analyses of rocks with grains about the size of the spot or larger contain contributions from individual grains at each point and often have high point-to-point chemical variability. The Gini index, a statistical parameter, was used to calculate the point-to-point chemical variability in major-element oxide compositions derived from the ChemCam LIBS data. First, the total range of each LIBS major-element oxide composition was normalized from 0 to 1 across all LIBS observations. Then the Gini index was calculated for each oxide in each LIBS observation. Finally, the Gini indices of each oxide were averaged to derive a Gini index mean score, G MEAN , for each LIBS observation. A correlation between G MEAN and grain size was validated using sedimentary rocks of various grain sizes from the Yellowknife Bay formation and the Pahrump Hills member of the Murray formation in Gale crater. Overall, finer-grained rocks had smaller G MEAN than coarser-grained rocks. To calibrate G MEAN to grain size, grain size estimates based on visual assessment of high-resolution images were compared to G MEAN values for the same targets to create a calibrated scale. This calibrated scale was used to infer the grain size of rocks with unknown grain size. Overall, the grain sizes predicted for rocks with unknown grain size overlapped with those of known grain size from the same units and/or bedrock targets. The grain sizes inferred using the G MEAN based on ChemCam LIBS data are complimentary to those determined from images and both techniques can be used to improve interpretations of the depositional environments of rocks analyzed by Curiosity and future Mars missions with LIBS, such as the Mars 2020 rover.
Published: 2019

35. Climate change impact and adaptation for wheat protein

Author: Mohamed Jabloun, Pierre Martre, Garry O'Leary, Dominique Ripoche, Bruno Basso, Pramod K. Aggarwal, Daniel Wallach, Matthew P. Reynolds, Marijn van der Velde, John R. Porter, Heidi Webber, Enli Wang, Frank Ewert, Joost Wolf, Christian Klein, Belay T. Kassie, Christian Biernath, Margarita Garcia-Vila, M. Ali Babar, Pierre Stratonovitch, Yujing Gao, Glenn J. Fitzgerald, Davide Cammarano, Bing Liu, Peter J. Thorburn, Fulu Tao, Andrew J. Challinor, Reimund P. Rötter, Christine Girousse, Zhigan Zhao, Christoph Müller, Ann-Kristin Koehler, Jørgen E. Olesen, Elias Fereres, Iwan Supit, Andrea Maiorano, Marco Bindi, Sebastian Gayler, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Giacomo De Sanctis, Alex C. Ruane, Rosella Motzo, Juraj Balkovic, Manuel Montesino San Martin, Roberto Ferrise, Mikhail A. Semenov, Claudio O. Stöckle, Soora Naresh Kumar, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Benjamin Dumont, Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei, Mukhtar Ahmed, Senthold Asseng, Thilo Streck, Yan Zhu, R. Cesar Izaurralde, Katharina Waha, Ahmed M. S. Kheir, Taru Palosuo, Liujun Xiao, Sara Minoli, Eckart Priesack, Heidi Horan, Curtis D. Jones, Francesco Giunta, Zhao Zhang, Claas Nendel, International Food Policy Research Institute (US), CGIAR (France), European Commission, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Germany), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Innovation Fund Denmark, China Scholarship Council, Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali, Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Department of Agriculture and Water Resources (Australia), University of Melbourne, Grains Research and Development Corporation (Australia), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), German Research Foundation, Gorgan University, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), European Food Safety Authority = Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments, Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use [University of Göttingen] (CBL), Department of Economic Drt and Resources, Grains Innovation Park, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science [Melbourne], Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, World Food Crops Breeding, Department of Agronomy, IFAS, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre [Inde] (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agronomy, University of El-Tarf, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, W. K. Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Agri‐food Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), The James Hutton Institute, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, Collaborative Research Program from CGIAR and Future Earth on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Center for Tropical Agriculture, GMO Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Department Terra & AgroBioChem, Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Crop Sciences, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible - Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Food Systems Institute [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), Department of Geographical Sciences, College Park, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Texas A and M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology [Neuherberg], German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricutural University, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture [New Delhi], Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Lincoln, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Water & Food and Water Systems & Global Change Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Joint Research Centre (IPTS), Commission Européenne, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), CSIRO Agriculture and Food (CSIRO), Plant Production Systems, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University (BNU), Department of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University (CAU), National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China, Grant/Award Number: 20120097110042, International Food Policy, European Project: 267196,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-COFUND,AGREENSKILLS(2012), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Naples Federico II, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Universtiy of Florence, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Natural Resources Institute Finland, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Wageningen University, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida [Gainesville], Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Goettingen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, BISA‐CIMMYT, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), Comenius University [Bratislava], Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation INRES, University of Bonn, IAS‐CSIC, Universidad de Cordoba, Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Aarhus University, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Beijing Normal University, and China Agricultural University
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water en Voedsel, 01 natural sciences, grain protein, adaptation au milieu, climate change adaptation, climate change impact, food security, wheat, Co2 concentration, adaptation to the environment, Triticum, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, changement climatique, Global and Planetary Change, Food security, Ecology, Temperature, food and beverages, Adaptation, Physiological, Droughts, Nitrogen, Climate Change, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, blé, Crop production, Food Quality, Grain quality, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Environmental Chemistry, Grain Proteins, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, WIMEK, Water and Food, Global change, Carbon Dioxide, Models, Theoretical, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Grain yield, Environmental science, Water Systems and Global Change, Protein concentration
Abstract: Wheat grain protein concentration is an important determinant of wheat quality for human nutrition that is often overlooked in efforts to improve crop production. We tested and applied a 32‐multi‐model ensemble to simulate global wheat yield and quality in a changing climate. Potential benefits of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration by 2050 on global wheat grain and protein yield are likely to be negated by impacts from rising temperature and changes in rainfall, but with considerable disparities between regions. Grain and protein yields are expected to be lower and more variable in most low‐rainfall regions, with nitrogen availability limiting growth stimulus from elevated CO2. Introducing genotypes adapted to warmer temperatures (and also considering changes in CO2 and rainfall) could boost global wheat yield by 7% and protein yield by 2%, but grain protein concentration would be reduced by −1.1 percentage points, representing a relative change of −8.6%. Climate change adaptations that benefit grain yield are not always positive for grain quality, putting additional pressure on global wheat production., B.L received support from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) through the Global Futures and Strategic Foresight project, the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and the CGIAR Research Program on Wheat. A.M. received support from the EU Marie Curie FP7 COFUND People Programme, through an AgreenSkills fellowship under grant agreement no. PCOFUND‐GA‐2010‐267196. PM, A.M., D.R., and D.W. acknowledge support from the FACCE JPI MACSUR project (031A103B) through the metaprogram Adaptation of Agriculture and Forests to Climate Change (AAFCC) of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA). L.X. and Y.Z. were supported by the National High‐Tech Research and Development Program of China (2013AA100404), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271616), the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20120097110042), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). F.T. and Z.Z. were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571088, 41571493 and 31561143003). R.R. received support from the German Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) through project SPACES‐LLL. Rothamsted Research receives support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Designing Future Wheat programme [BB/P016855/1]. M.J. and J.E.O. were supported by Innovation Fund Denmark through the MACSUR project. L.X. and Y.G. acknowledge support from the China Scholarship Council. M.B and R.F. were funded by JPI FACCE MACSUR2 through the Italian Ministry for Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies and thank A. Soltani from Gorgan Univ. of Agric. Sci. & Natur. Resour. for his support. R.P.R., T.P., and F.T. received financial support from the FACCE MACSUR project funded through the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MMM) and from the Academy of Finland through the projects NORFASYS (decision nos. 268277 and 292944) and PLUMES (decision nos. 277403 and 292836). K.C.K. and C.N. received support from the German Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) within the FACCE JPI MACSUR project. S.M. and C.M. acknowledge financial support from the MACMIT project (01LN1317A) funded through BMBF. G.J.O. and G.J.F. acknowledge support from the Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, the Australian Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, The University of Melbourne and the Grains Research Development Corporation, Australia. P.K.A.'s work was implemented as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), which is carried out with support from the CGIAR Trust Fund and through bilateral funding agreements. For details please visit https://ccafs.cgiar.org/donors. The views expressed in this document cannot be taken to reflect the official opinions of these organizations.. B.B. received financial support from USDA NIFA‐Water Cap Award 2015‐68007‐23133. F.E. acknowledges support from the FACCE JPI MACSUR project through the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (2815ERA01J) and from the German Science Foundation (project EW 119/5‐1).
Published: 2019

36. Coordination and Control of Hierarchically Organized Interacting Agents

Author: Paolo Traverso, Sunandita Patra, Dana S. Nau, Malik Ghallab, Institute for Systems Research [Maryland] (ISR), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Fondazione Bruno Kessler [Trento, Italy] (FBK), Équipe Robotique et InteractionS (LAAS-RIS), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Ghallab, Malik, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Theoretical computer science, Warehouse automation, Formalism (philosophy), Computer science, [INFO.INFO-RB] Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], Control (management), [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Composition (combinatorics), Automaton, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Distributive property, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO], Representation (mathematics), Formal description
Abstract: International audience; The coordination and control of hierarchically organized interacting agents is an important issue in many applications, e.g., harbor or warehouse automation. A formalism of agents as hierarchical input/output automata is proposed. A system of interacting agents is modeled as the parallel composition of their automata. We extend the usual parallel composition operation of I/O automata with a hierarchical composition operation for refining abstract tasks into lower-level subtasks. We provide an algorithm to synthesize hierarchically organized controllers to coordinate the agents' interactions in order to drive the system toward desired states. Our main contribution regards the formal definition, the representation, the theorems about its properties (i.e., the parallel and hierarchical composition are distributive operations), and the synthesis algorithm, proved to be complete and correct.
Published: 2021

37. Inelastic Scattering of a Photon by a Quantum Phase Slip

Author: Moshe Goldstein, Amir Burshtein, Leonid I. Glazman, Roman Kuzmin, Vladimir Manucharyan, Nitish Mehta, Manuel Houzet, Nicholas Grabon, Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics [College Park] (UMD), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences [Tel Aviv] (TAU), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Laboratory of Quantum Theory (GT), PHotonique, ELectronique et Ingénierie QuantiqueS (PHELIQS), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), department of physics, Yale University, Yale University [New Haven], and ANR-16-CE30-0019,ELODIS2,Electrodynamique des Supraconducteurs Désordonnés(2016)
Subjects: Physics, Superconductivity, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Quantum Physics, Photon, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Critical phenomena, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Optics, Inelastic scattering, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Circuit quantum electrodynamics, Luttinger liquid, Quantum mechanics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Quantum field theory, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, Quantum
Abstract: Spontaneous decay of a single photon is a notoriously inefficient process in nature irrespective of the frequency range. We report that a quantum phase-slip fluctuation in high-impedance superconducting waveguides can split a single incident microwave photon into a large number of lower-energy photons with a near unit probability. The underlying inelastic photon-photon interaction has no analogs in non-linear optics. Instead, the measured decay rates are explained without adjustable parameters in the framework of a new model of a quantum impurity in a Luttinger liquid. Our result connects circuit quantum electrodynamics to critical phenomena in two-dimensional boundary quantum field theories, important in the physics of strongly-correlated systems. The photon lifetime data represents a rare example of verified and useful quantum many-body simulation., minor revision for clarity, supplementary material is available at www.superconducting-circuits.com
Published: 2021

38. The Malina oceanographic expedition: How do changes in ice cover, permafrost and UV radiation impact biodiversity and biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic Ocean?

Author: P. Massicotte, R. M. W. Amon, D. Antoine, P. Archambault, S. Balzano, S. Bélanger, R. Benner, D. Boeuf, A. Bricaud, F. Bruyant, G. Chaillou, M. Chami, B. Charrière, J. Chen, H. Claustre, P. Coupel, N. Delsaut, D. Doxaran, J. Ehn, C. Fichot, M.-H. Forget, P. Fu, J. Gagnon, N. Garcia, B. Gasser, J.-F. Ghiglione, G. Gorsky, M. Gosselin, P. Gourvil, Y. Gratton, P. Guillot, H. J. Heipieper, S. Heussner, S. B. Hooker, Y. Huot, C. Jeanthon, W. Jeffrey, F. Joux, K. Kawamura, B. Lansard, E. Leymarie, H. Link, C. Lovejoy, C. Marec, D. Marie, J. Martin, J. Martín, G. Massé, A. Matsuoka, V. McKague, A. Mignot, W. L. Miller, J.-C. Miquel, A. Mucci, K. Ono, E. Ortega-Retuerta, C. Panagiotopoulos, T. Papakyriakou, M. Picheral, L. Prieur, P. Raimbault, J. Ras, R. A. Reynolds, A. Rochon, J.-F. Rontani, C. Schmechtig, S. Schmidt, R. Sempéré, Y. Shen, G. Song, D. Stramski, E. Tachibana, A. Thirouard, I. Tolosa, J.-É. Tremblay, M. Vaïtilingom, D. Vaulot, F. Vaultier, J. K. Volkman, H. Xie, G. Zheng, M. Babin, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science [Galveston], Texas A&M University [Galveston], Department of Oceanography [College Station], Texas A&M University [College Station], School of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Perth], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment [Columbia] (SEOE), University of South Carolina [Columbia], Department of Biological Sciences [Columbia], Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry [Guiyang] (SKLEG), Institute of Geochemistry [Guiyang], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Department of Earth and Environment [Boston], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Institute of Surface-Earth System Science of Tianjin University, Tianjin University (TJU), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement [Québec] (INRS - ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Department of Environmental Biotechnology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), GSFC Ocean Ecology Laborator, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Département de géomatique appliquée [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of west Florida, Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies (CIAS), Chubu University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Maritime Systems [Rostock], Universität Rostock, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Center for Marine and Environmental Studies (CMES), University of the Virgin Islands (UVI), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Department of Marine Sciences [Athens], University of Georgia [USA], International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories Monaco (IAEA-EL), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Montréal] (EPS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Institute of Low Temperature Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra (ECCE TERRA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, School of Marine Science and Technology [Tianjin], Department of Physics [Columbus], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Energies (LARGE), Université des Antilles (UA), Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Department of Earth Sciences [Amsterdam], VU University Amsterdam, NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation [Pensacola] (UWF | CEDB), University of West Florida [Pensacola] (UWF), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas [Ushuaia] (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (ICPA), Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e islas del Atlántico Sur (UNTDF), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (OSU ECCE TERRA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Energies [UR2_1] (LARGE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), ANR-08-BLAN-0308,Malina,How changes in ice cover, permafrost and UV radiation impact on biodiversity and biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic Ocean(2008), European Project: 0713915(2007), European Project: 1504137(2015), European Project: 0229302(2002), European Project: 0425582(2004), European Project: 0713991(2007), Asian School of the Environment, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (ECCE TERRA), and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, Temperature Rise, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, BEAUFORT SEA, Ice field, SEA ICE, Geology [Science], Permafrost, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, Transect, lcsh:Environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, ARCTIC OCEAN, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Permafrost Thawing, Pelagic zone, Estuary, lcsh:Geology, Oceanography, Arctic, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, MALINA
Abstract: The MALINA oceanographic campaign was conducted during summer 2009 to investigate the carbon stocks and the processes controlling the carbon fluxes in the Mackenzie River estuary and the Beaufort Sea. During the campaign, an extensive suite of physical, chemical and biological variables were measured across seven shelf basin transects (south north) to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. Key variables such as temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured onboard the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen and from a barge in shallow coastal areas or for sampling within broken ice fields. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to compile and standardize the collected data sets that will facilitate their reuse in further studies of the changing Arctic Ocean. Fil: Massicotte, Philippe. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Amon, Rainer. Texas A&M University; Estados Unidos Fil: Antoine, David. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Archambault, Philippe. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Balzano, Sergio. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Bélanger, Simon. Université du Québec a Montreal; Canadá Fil: Benner, Ronald. University Of South Carolina; Estados Unidos Fil: Boeuf, Dominique. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Bricaud, Annick. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Bruyant, Flavienne. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Chaillou, Gwenaelle. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Chami, Malik. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Charrière, Bruno. Universite de Perpignan; Francia Fil: Chen, Jing. Tianjin University; China Fil: Claustre, Herve. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Coupel, Pierre. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Delsaut, Nicole. Universite de Perpignan; Francia Fil: Doxaran, David. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Ehn, Jens. University of Manitoba; Canadá Fil: Fichot, Cedric. Boston University; Estados Unidos Fil: Forget, Marie Helene. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Fu, Pingqing. Tianjin University; China Fil: Gagnon, Jonathan. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Garcia, Nicole. Aix Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Gasser, Beat. No especifíca; Fil: Ghiglione, Jean Francois. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Gorsky, Gaby. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Gosselin, Michel. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Gourvil, Priscillia. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Gratton, Yves. Centre Eau Terre Environnement; Canadá Fil: Guillot, Pascal. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Heipieper, Hermann. Helmholtz Zentrum Für Umweltforschung; Alemania Fil: Heussner, Serge. Universite de Perpignan; Francia Fil: Hooker, Stanford. Nasa Goddard Space Flight Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Huot, Yannick. University of Sherbrooke; Canadá Fil: Jeanthon, Christian. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Jeffrey, Wade. University Of West Florida; Estados Unidos Fil: Joux, Fabien. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Kawamura, Kimitaka. Chubu University; Japón Fil: Lansard, Bruno. No especifíca; Fil: Leymarie, Edouard. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Link, Heike. Universität Rostock; Alemania Fil: Lovejoy, Connie. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Marec, Claudie. Laval University; Canadá. Universite de Bretagne Occidentale; Francia Fil: Marie, Dominique. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Martin, Johannie. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Martín de Nascimento, Jacobo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Massé, Guillaume. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Matsuoka, Atsushi. Laval University; Canadá Fil: McKague, Vanessa. University of Virginia; Estados Unidos Fil: Mignot, Alexandre. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Miller, William. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos Fil: Miquel, Juan Carlos. No especifíca; Fil: Mucci, Alfonso. McGill University; Canadá Fil: Ono, Kaori. No especifíca; Fil: Ortega-Retuerta, Eva. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Panagiotopoulos, Christos. Aix Marseille Université Marsella.; Francia Fil: Papakyriakou, Tim. University of Manitoba; Canadá Fil: Picheral, Marc. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Prieur, Louis. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Raimbault, Patrick. No especifíca; Fil: Ras, Josephine. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Reynolds, Rick. Marine Physical Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Rochon, Andre. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Rontani, Jean Francois. Aix Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Schmechtig, Catherine. Observatoire Des Sciences de L'univers; Francia Fil: Schmidt, Sabine. No especifíca; Fil: Sempéré, Richard. Aix Marseille Université,Marsella.; Francia Fil: Shen, Yuan. No especifíca; Fil: Song, Guisheng. Tianjin University; China Fil: Stramski, Dariusz. Marine Physical Laboratory; Francia Fil: Tachibana, Eri. Hokkaido University; Japón Fil: Thirouard, Alexandre. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Tolosa, Imma. No especifíca; Fil: Tremblay, Jean Eric. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Vaïtilingom, Mickael. Université Des Antilles; Francia Fil: Vaulot, Daniel. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Vaultier, Frederic. Aix Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Volkman, John. Csiro Marine And Atmospheric Research; Australia Fil: Xie, Huixiang. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Zheng, Guangming. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Babin, Marcel. Laval University; Canadá
Published: 2021

39. Pyrolysis of Oxalate, Acetate, and Perchlorate Mixtures and the Implications for Organic Salts on Mars

Author: Melissa Guzman, Paul R. Mahaffy, A. Das, R. Williams, Cherie N. Achilles, C. A. Knudson, Slavka Andrejkovičová, Amy McAdam, J. M. T. Lewis, Brad Sutter, E. B. Rampe, Heather B. Franz, Maeva Millan, J. L. Eigenbrode, G. M. Wong, P. D. Archer, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Washington], Howard University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [GSFC] (CRESST), Department of Geosciences [PennState], College of Earth and Mineral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System-Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System-Penn State System, Jacobs Technology ESCG, Department of Biology [Washington], Georgetown University [Washington] (GU), Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology [College Park] (CRESST), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), International Space University (ISU), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Center for GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering (GEOBIOTEC), and Universidade de Aveiro
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Evolved gas analysis, Inorganic chemistry, Salt (chemistry), 01 natural sciences, Oxalate, chemistry.chemical_compound, Acetic acid, Perchlorate, Geophysics, chemistry, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Acetone, Organic matter, Pyrolysis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Organic salts, such as Fe, Ca, and Mg oxalates and acetates, may be widespread radiolysis and oxidation products of organic matter in Martian surface sediments. Such organic salts are challenging to identify by evolved gas analysis but the ubiquitous CO2 and CO in pyrolysis data from the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite on the Curiosity rover indirectly points to their presence. Here, we examined laboratory results from SAM‐like analyses of organic salts as pure phases, as trace phases mixed with silica, and in mixtures with Ca and Mg perchlorates. Pure oxalates evolved CO2 and CO, while pure acetates evolved CO2 and a diverse range of organic products dominated by acetone and acetic acid. Dispersal within silica caused minor peak shifting, decreased the amounts of CO2 evolved by the acetate standards, and altered the relative abundances of the organic products of acetate pyrolysis. The perchlorate salts scrubbed Fe oxalate CO releases and shifted the CO2 peaks to lower temperatures, whereas with Ca and Mg oxalate, a weaker CO release was observed but the initial CO2 evolutions were largely unchanged. The perchlorates induced a stronger CO2 release from acetates at the expense of other products. Oxalates evolved ∼47% more CO2 and acetates yielded ∼69% more CO2 when the perchlorates were abundant. The most compelling fits between our organic salt data and SAM CO2 and CO data included Martian samples acquired from modern eolian deposits and sedimentary rocks with evidence for low‐temperature alteration.
Published: 2021

40. Air pollution trends measured from Terra: CO and AOD over industrial, fire-prone, and background regions

Author: Merritt N. Deeter, Helen M. Worden, Rajesh Kumar, Louisa K. Emmons, Susan S. Kulawik, Cathy Clerbaux, James R. Drummond, Gene Francis, Martin Andreas Robert M. George, Benjamin Gaubert, Wenfu Tang, John Worden, Juying Warner, John C. Gille, Rebecca R. Buchholz, Sara Martínez-Alonso, Mian Chin, Ming Luo, Kevin W. Bowman, Vivienne Payne, Daniel Hurtmans, Pierre-François Coheur, Mijeong Park, Zigang Wei, Robert C. Levy, David P. Edwards, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory (ACOML), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Research Applications Laboratory [Boulder] (RAL), University of Toronto, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Spectroscopy, Quantum Chemistry and Atmospheric Remote Sensing (SQUARES), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, UCLA Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering (JIFRESSE), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California-NASA, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science [College Park] (AOSC), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and NASA Ames Research Center (ARC)
Subjects: Pollution, Systèmes d'information géographique, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Population, Air pollution, Soil Science, NASA/Terra satellite, AOD, 02 engineering and technology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, MOPITT, Troposphere, Interannual variability, Pédologie, Agronomie du sol, medicine, Trend, Computers in Earth Sciences, education, Géologie, Carbon monoxide, Air quality index, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, media_common, education.field_of_study, Geology, 020801 environmental engineering, Trend analysis, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer
Abstract: Following past studies to quantify decadal trends in global carbon monoxide (CO) using satellite observations, we update estimates and find a CO trend in column amounts of about −0.50 % per year between 2002 to 2018, which is a deceleration compared to analyses performed on shorter records that found −1 % per year. Aerosols are co-emitted with CO from both fires and anthropogenic sources but with a shorter lifetime than CO. A combined trend analysis of CO and aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements from space helps to diagnose the drivers of regional differences in the CO trend. We use the long-term records of CO from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) and AOD from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. Other satellite instruments measuring CO in the thermal infrared, AIRS, TES, IASI, and CrIS, show consistent hemispheric CO variability and corroborate results from the trend analysis performed with MOPITT CO. Trends are examined by hemisphere and in regions for 2002 to 2018, with uncertainties quantified. The CO and AOD records are split into two sub-periods (2002 to 2010 and 2010 to 2018) in order to assess trend changes over the 16 years. We focus on four major population centers: Northeast China, North India, Europe, and Eastern USA, as well as fire-prone regions in both hemispheres. In general, CO declines faster in the first half of the record compared to the second half, while AOD trends show more variability across regions. We find evidence of the atmospheric impact of air quality management policies. The large decline in CO found over Northeast China is initially associated with an improvement in combustion efficiency, with subsequent additional air quality improvements from 2010 onwards. Industrial regions with minimal emission control measures such as North India become more globally relevant as the global CO trend weakens. We also examine the CO trends in monthly percentile values to understand seasonal implications and find that local changes in biomass burning are sufficiently strong to counteract the global downward trend in atmospheric CO, particularly in late summer., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2021

41. Assessing within-Field Corn and Soybean Yield Variability from WorldView-3, Planet, Sentinel-2, and Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery

Author: Eric Vermote, Jean-Claude Roger, Natacha I. Kalecinski, M. G. L. Brown, David M. Johnson, Sergii Skakun, Belen Franch, Department of Geographical Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
Subjects: Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Advanced very-high-resolution radiometer, Science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, within-field, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, remote sensing, Satellite imagery, soybean, Image resolution, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, agriculture, yield, corn, satellite, WorldView-3, planet, Sentinel-2, Landsat 8, 2. Zero hunger, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Vegetation, Spectral bands, 15. Life on land, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite, Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer
Abstract: Crop yield monitoring is an important component in agricultural assessment. Multi-spectral remote sensing instruments onboard space-borne platforms such as Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) have shown to be useful for efficiently generating timely and synoptic information on the yield status of crops across regional levels. However, the coarse spatial resolution data inherent to these sensors provides little utility at the management level. Recent satellite imagery collection advances toward finer spatial resolution (down to 1 m) alongside increased observational cadence (near daily) implies information on crops obtainable at field and within-field scales to support farming needs is now possible. To test this premise, we focus on assessing the efficiency of multiple satellite sensors, namely WorldView-3, Planet/Dove-Classic, Sentinel-2, and Landsat 8 (through Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 (HLS)), and investigate their spatial, spectral (surface reflectance (SR) and vegetation indices (VIs)), and temporal characteristics to estimate corn and soybean yields at sub-field scales within study sites in the US state of Iowa. Precision yield data as referenced to combine harvesters’ GPS systems were used for validation. We show that imagery spatial resolution of 3 m is critical to explaining 100% of the within-field yield variability for corn and soybean. Our simulation results show that moving to coarser resolution data of 10 m, 20 m, and 30 m reduced the explained variability to 86%, 72%, and 59%, respectively. We show that the most important spectral bands explaining yield variability were green (0.560 μm), red-edge (0.726 μm), and near-infrared (NIR − 0.865 μm). Furthermore, the high temporal frequency of Planet and a combination of Sentinel-2/Landsat 8 (HLS) data allowed for optimal date selection for yield map generation. Overall, we observed mixed performance of satellite-derived models with the coefficient of determination (R2) varying from 0.21 to 0.88 (averaging 0.56) for the 30 m HLS and from 0.09 to 0.77 (averaging 0.30) for 3 m Planet. R2 was lower for fields with higher yields, suggesting saturation of the satellite-collected reflectance features in those cases. Therefore, other biophysical variables, such as soil moisture and evapotranspiration, at similar fine spatial resolutions are likely needed alongside the optical imagery to fully explain the yields.
Published: 2021

42. COVID‐19 Crisis Reduces Free Tropospheric Ozone Across the Northern Hemisphere

Author: Marc Allaart, Susan E. Strahan, Ryan M. Stauffer, Richard Querel, Anne M. Thompson, Nicholas B. Jones, Clare Paton-Walsh, Patrick Cullis, Tatsumi Nakano, Bryan J. Johnson, Gérard Ancellet, Thomas Blumenstock, Ankie Piters, Holger Deckelmann, Omaira García, Matthias Palm, Roeland Van Malderen, Kai-Lan Chang, Nis Jepsen, Antje Inness, M.B. Tully, Ralf Sussmann, Amelie N. Röhling, Gonzague Romanens, Dagmar Kubistin, Ana Diaz Rodriguez, Fernando Chouza, René Stübi, Owen R. Cooper, Emmanuel Mahieu, Kimberly Strong, Christian Plass-Dülmer, Jonathan Davies, Richard Engelen, Peter Oelsner, David W. Tarasick, Peter von der Gathen, Jose-Luis Hernandez, Michael Gill, Justus Notholt, Thierry Leblanc, Christian Servais, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Matthias Schneider, Norrie Lyall, Rigel Kivi, Carlos Torres, Shoma Yamanouchi, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Bogumil Kois, James W. Hannigan, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Andy Delcloo, Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Met Office Lerwick, Universität Bremen, Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute (IMGW - PIB), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Irish Meteorological Service (MET ÉIREANN), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss, TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), STRATO - LATMOS, University of Toronto, ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory [Boulder] (GML), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMet), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Spurengase und Fernerkundung (IMK-ASF), Australian Bureau of Meteorology [Melbourne] (BoM), Australian Government, University of Wollongong [Australia], National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), GSFC Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Wollongong, GFSC Earth Sciences Division, Kubistin, Dagmar, 1 Deutscher Wetterdienst Hohenpeißenberg Germany, Plass‐Dülmer, Christian, Davies, Jonathan, 2 Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto ONT Canada, Tarasick, David W., Gathen, Peter von der, 3 Alfred Wegener Institut Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Polar‐ und Meeresforschung Potsdam Germany, Deckelmann, Holger, Jepsen, Nis, 4 Danish Meteorological Institute Copenhagen Denmark, Kivi, Rigel, 5 Finnish Meteorological Institute Sodankylä Finland, Lyall, Norrie, 6 British Meteorological Service Lerwick UK, Palm, Matthias, 7 University of Bremen Bremen Germany, Notholt, Justus, Kois, Bogumil, 8 Institute of Meteorology and Water Management Legionowo Poland, Oelsner, Peter, 9 Deutscher Wetterdienst Lindenberg Germany, Allaart, Marc, 10 Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute DeBilt The Netherlands, Piters, Ankie, Gill, Michael, 11 Met Éireann (Irish Met. Service) Valentia Ireland, Van Malderen, Roeland, 12 Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium Uccle Belgium, Delcloo, Andy W., Sussmann, Ralf, 13 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology IMK‐IFU Garmisch‐Partenkirchen Germany, Mahieu, Emmanuel, 14 Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics University of Liège Liège Belgium, Servais, Christian, Romanens, Gonzague, 15 Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology MeteoSwiss Payerne Switzerland, Stübi, Rene, Ancellet, Gerard, 16 LATMOS Sorbonne Université‐UVSQ‐CNRS/INSU Paris France, Godin‐Beekmann, Sophie, Yamanouchi, Shoma, 17 University of Toronto Toronto ONT Canada, Strong, Kimberly, Johnson, Bryan, 18 NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder CO USA, Cullis, Patrick, Petropavlovskikh, Irina, Hannigan, James W., 20 National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO USA, Hernandez, Jose‐Luis, 21 State Meteorological Agency (AEMET) Madrid Spain, Diaz Rodriguez, Ana, Nakano, Tatsumi, 22 Meteorological Research Institute Tsukuba Japan, Chouza, Fernando, 23 Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Table Mountain Facility Wrightwood CA USA, Leblanc, Thierry, Torres, Carlos, 24 Izaña Atmospheric Research Center AEMET Tenerife Spain, Garcia, Omaira, Röhling, Amelie N., 25 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology IMK‐ASF Karlsruhe Germany, Schneider, Matthias, Blumenstock, Thomas, Tully, Matt, 26 Bureau of Meteorology Melbourne Australia, Paton‐Walsh, Clare, 27 Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry University of Wollongong Wollongong Australia, Jones, Nicholas, Querel, Richard, 28 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Lauder New Zealand, Strahan, Susan, 29 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Earth Sciences Division Greenbelt MD USA, Stauffer, Ryan M., Thompson, Anne M., Inness, Antje, 32 European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Reading UK, Engelen, Richard, Chang, Kai‐Lan, 19 Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder CO USA, and Cooper, Owen R.
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pollution: Urban, Regional and Global, Atmospheric Composition and Structure, Biogeosciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, 01 natural sciences, Biogeochemical Kinetics and Reaction Modeling, LIDAR, Troposphere, Oceanography: Biological and Chemical, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Emission reductions, ddc:550, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION, Marine Pollution, RECORD, NOX, 551.51, Biogeochemistry, Ozone depletion, Oceanography: General, Pollution: Urban and Regional, Geophysics, Free troposphere, Emissions, Troposphere: Composition and Chemistry, The COVID‐19 pandemic: linking health, society and environment, Cryosphere, Biogeochemical Cycles, Processes, and Modeling, Ozone, Megacities and Urban Environment, URBAN, Atmosphere, Paleoceanography, Altitude, COVID‐19, Research Letter, Global Change, Tropospheric ozone, Stratosphere, Urban Systems, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aerosols, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], emissions, Northern Hemisphere, COVID-19, PROFILES, Aerosols and Particles, TRENDS, Earth sciences, ozone, Physics and Astronomy, troposphere, chemistry, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Natural Hazards
Abstract: Throughout spring and summer 2020, ozone stations in the northern extratropics recorded unusually low ozone in the free troposphere. From April to August, and from 1 to 8 kilometers altitude, ozone was on average 7% (≈4 nmol/mol) below the 2000–2020 climatological mean. Such low ozone, over several months, and at so many stations, has not been observed in any previous year since at least 2000. Atmospheric composition analyses from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service and simulations from the NASA GMI model indicate that the large 2020 springtime ozone depletion in the Arctic stratosphere contributed less than one‐quarter of the observed tropospheric anomaly. The observed anomaly is consistent with recent chemistry‐climate model simulations, which assume emissions reductions similar to those caused by the COVID‐19 crisis. COVID‐19 related emissions reductions appear to be the major cause for the observed reduced free tropospheric ozone in 2020., Plain Language Summary: Worldwide actions to contain the COVID‐19 virus have closed factories, grounded airplanes, and have generally reduced travel and transportation. Less fuel was burnt, and less exhaust was emitted into the atmosphere. Due to these measures, the concentration of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) decreased in the atmosphere. These substances are important for photochemical production and destruction of ozone in the atmosphere. In clean or mildly polluted air, reducing nitrogen oxides and/or VOCs will reduce the photochemical production of ozone and result in less ozone. In heavily polluted air, in contrast, reducing nitrogen oxides can increase ozone concentrations, because less nitrogen oxide is available to destroy ozone. In this study, we use data from three types of ozone instruments, but mostly from ozonesondes on weather balloons. The sondes fly from the ground up to 30 kilometers altitude. In the first 8 km, we find significantly reduced ozone concentrations in the northern extratropics during spring and summer of 2020, less than in any other year since at least 2000. We suggest that reduced emissions due to the COVID‐19 crisis have lowered photochemical ozone production and have caused the observed ozone reductions in the troposphere., Key Points: In spring and summer 2020, stations in the northern extratropics report on average 7% (4 nmol/mol) less tropospheric ozone than normal Such low tropospheric ozone, over several months, and at so many sites, has not been observed in any previous year since at least 2000 Most of the reduction in tropospheric ozone in 2020 is likely due to emissions reductions related to the COVID‐19 pandemic, NASA | Earth Sciences Division (NASA Earth Science Division) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100014573, Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038, Australian Research Council, Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique ‐ FNRS (FNRS) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002661, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659, Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006360
Published: 2021

43. Uncertainty assessment of unattended above-water radiometric data collection from research vessels with the Dynamic Above-water Radiance (L) and Irradiance (E) Collector (DALEC)

Author: Wojciech Klonowski, Michael Ondrusek, Matthew Slivkoff, Charles Kovach, David Antoine, Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science [College Park] (AOSC), University of Maryland [College Park], and University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System
Subjects: Radiometer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Irradiance, Hyperspectral imaging, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, Wavelength, Optics, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), Radiance, Environmental science, Radiometry, 14. Life underwater, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, media_common
Abstract: We used above- and below-water radiometry measurements collected during a research voyage in the eastern Indian Ocean to assess uncertainties in deriving the remote sensing reflectance, Rrs, from unattended above-water radiometric data collection with the In-Situ Marine Optics Pty. Ltd. (IMO) Dynamic Above-water Radiance (L) and Irradiance (E) Collector (DALEC). To achieve this, the Rrs values derived from using the latest version of this hyperspectral radiometer were compared to values obtained from two in-water profiling radiometer systems of rather general use in the ocean optics research community, i.e., the Biospherical Instruments Inc. Compact Optical Profiling System (C-OPS) and the Seabird HyperPro II. Our results show that unattended, carefully quality-controlled, DALEC measurements provide Rrs for wavelengths < 600 nm that match those derived from the in-water systems with no bias and a dispersion of about 8%, provided that the appropriate technique is used to quantify the contribution of sky light reflection to the measured signal. The dispersion is larger (25-50%) for red bands, which is expected for clear oligotrophic waters as encountered during the voyage, where ∼2 10−5 rs < ∼2 10−4 sr-1. For comparison, the two in-water systems provided Rrs in agreement within 4% for wavelengths < 600 nm.
Published: 2021

44. A data‐driven global soil heterotrophic respiration dataset and the drivers of its inter‐annual variability

Author: Wei Li, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Hui Yang, Yitong Yao, Fabio Cresto‐aleina, Philippe Ciais, Emilie Joetzjer, Nicolas Viovy, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, This work was financially supported by the CLAND Convergence Institute funded by ANR (16-CONV-0003). Y. Yao also acknowledges support from Make Our Planet Great Again (MOPGA) Scholarship., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT), and ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016)
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Edaphic, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Soil respiration, Nutrient, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Litter, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Precipitation, Water content, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; Soil heterotrophic respiration (SHR) is important for carbon-climate feedbacks because of its sensitivity to soil carbon, climatic conditions and nutrient availability. However, available global SHR estimates have either a coarse spatial resolution or rely on simple upscaling formulations. To better quantify the global distribution of SHR and its response to climate variability, we produced a new global SHR data set using Random Forest, up-scaling 455 point data from the Global Soil Respiration Database (SRDB 4.0) with gridded fields of climatic, edaphic and productivity. We estimated a global total SHR of urn:x-wiley:08866236:media:gbc21177:gbc21177-math-0001 Pg C yr−1 over 1985–2013 with a significant increasing trend of 0.03 Pg C yr−2. Among the inputs to generate SHR products, the choice of soil moisture datasets contributes more to the difference among SHR ensemble. Water availability dominates SHR inter-annual variability (IAV) at the global scale; more precisely, temperature strongly controls the SHR IAV in tropical forests, while water availability dominates in extra-tropical forest and semi-arid regions. Our machine-learning SHR ensemble of data-driven gridded estimates and outputs from process-based models (TRENDYv6) shows agreement for a strong association between water variability and SHR IAV at the global scale, but ensemble members exhibit different ecosystem-level SHR IAV controllers. The important role of water availability in driving SHR suggests both a direct effect limiting decomposition and an indirect effect on litter available from productivity. Considering potential uncertainties remaining in our data-driven SHR datasets, we call for more scientifically designed SHR observation network and deep-learning methods making maximum use of observation data.
Published: 2021

45. Numerical modeling of lander interaction with a low-gravity asteroid regolith surface: Application to MASCOT on board Hayabusa2

Author: Thuillet, Florian, Michel, Patrick, Maurel, Clara, Ballouz, Ronald-Louis, Zhang, Yun, Richardson, Derek, Biele, Jens, Tatsumi, Eri, Sugita, Seiji, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rikkyo University [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), University of Arizona, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Department of Chemistry [Munich], Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [TITECH Tokyo], Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), and Dept of Complex Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Science
Subjects: asteroids: individual: (162173) Ryugu, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], minor planets, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], asteroids: individual: Ryugu, methods: numerical
Abstract: International audience; Context. The JAXA asteroid sample return mission Hayabusa2 reached its target (162173) Ryugu in June 2018 and released the European (CNES-DLR) lander MASCOT in October 2018. MASCOT successfully landed on the surface, and the Hayabusa2 Optical Navigation Camera system has been able to image parts of the MASCOT trajectory.Aims. This work builds on our previous study of interactions between a landing package and a granular material in the context of MASCOT on Ryugu. The purpose is to expand our knowledge on this topic and to help constrain physical properties of surfaces by considering the actual trajectory of MASCOT and observations of Ryugu from Hayabusa2.Methods. We ran a new campaign of numerical simulations using the N-body code pkdgrav with the soft-sphere discrete element method by expanding the parameter space to characterize the actual landing scenario of MASCOT on Ryugu. The surface was modeled as a granular medium, but we also considered a large boulder in the bed at various depths and a rigid wall representing a cliff. MASCOT was faithfully modeled as the actual lander, and we considered different impact angles, speeds, and surface slopes. We were particularly interested in the outgoing-to-incoming speed ratio of MASCOT during the landing process.Results. We found that a boulder in the bed generally increases both the stochasticity of the outcomes and the speed ratio, with larger increases when the boulder sits closer to the surface. We also found that the surface slope does not affect our previous results and that the impact speed does not affect the speed ratio for moderate-friction granular material. Finally, we found that a speed ratio as low as 0.3, as estimated in the actual scenario, can occur with a solid-rock surface, not only with a soft surface, because the geometry of the lander is nonspherical. This means that we must infer the physical properties of the surface from outcomes such as the speed ratio with caution: it depends on the lander geometry.
Published: 2021

46. Contribution of the world's main dust source regions to the global cycle of desert dust

Author: J. F. Kok, A. A. Adebiyi, S. Albani, Y. Balkanski, R. Checa-Garcia, M. Chin, P. R. Colarco, D. S. Hamilton, Y. Huang, A. Ito, M. Klose, L. Li, N. M. Mahowald, R. L. Miller, V. Obiso, C. Pérez García-Pando, A. Rocha-Lima, J. S. Wan, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Los Angeles] (AOS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Ithaca) (EAS), Cornell University [New York], Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), Department of Physics [Baltimore], University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, European Project: 708119,H2020,H2020-MSCA-IF-2015,DUSC3(2016), University of California-University of California, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Kok, J, Adebiyi, A, Albani, S, Balkanski, Y, Checa-Garcia, R, Chin, M, Colarco, P, Hamilton, D, Huang, Y, Ito, A, Klose, M, Li, L, Mahowald, N, Miller, R, Obiso, V, Perez Garcia-Pando, C, Rocha-Lima, A, and Wan, J
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, QC1-999, Extinction (astronomy), Global dust cycle, Flux, 010501 environmental sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Atmospheric models, Earth's atmosphere, Simulació per ordinador, Earth System Model, ddc:550, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Aerosol, QD1-999, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Climate Model, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Asian Dust, Physics, Aerosol model simulations, Dust, 15. Life on land, Atmosfera -- Aspectes ambientals, Chemistry, Earth sciences, Deposition (aerosol physics), 13. Climate action, Enginyeria agroalimentària::Ciències de la terra i de la vida [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Air quality, Environmental science, Climate model, Aerosols--Measurement, Desert dust
Abstract: Even though desert dust is the most abundant aerosol by mass in Earth's atmosphere, the relative contributions of the world's major source regions to the global dust cycle remain poorly constrained. This problem hinders accounting for the potentially large impact of regional differences in dust properties on clouds, the Earth's energy balance, and terrestrial and marine biogeochemical cycles. Here, we constrain the contribution of each of the world's main dust source regions to the global dust cycle. We use an analytical framework that integrates an ensemble of global aerosol model simulations with observationally informed constraints on the dust size distribution, extinction efficiency, and regional dust aerosol optical depth (DAOD). We obtain a dataset that constrains the relative contribution of nine major source regions to size-resolved dust emission, atmospheric loading, DAOD, concentration, and deposition flux. We find that the 22–29 Tg (1 standard error range) global loading of dust with a geometric diameter up to 20 µm is partitioned as follows: North African source regions contribute ∼ 50 % (11–15 Tg), Asian source regions contribute ∼ 40 % (8–13 Tg), and North American and Southern Hemisphere regions contribute ∼ 10 % (1.8–3.2 Tg). These results suggest that current models on average overestimate the contribution of North African sources to atmospheric dust loading at ∼ 65 %, while underestimating the contribution of Asian dust at ∼ 30 %. Our results further show that each source region's dust loading peaks in local spring and summer, which is partially driven by increased dust lifetime in those seasons. We also quantify the dust deposition flux to the Amazon rainforest to be ∼ 10 Tg yr−1, which is a factor of 2–3 less than inferred from satellite data by previous work that likely overestimated dust deposition by underestimating the dust mass extinction efficiency. The data obtained in this paper can be used to obtain improved constraints on dust impacts on clouds, climate, biogeochemical cycles, and other parts of the Earth system. This research has been supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (grant nos. 1552519 and 1856389) and the Army Research Office (cooperative agreement number W911NF-20-2-0150). This research was further support by the University of California President's Postdoctoral Fellowship awarded to Adeyemi A. Adebiyi and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 708119 awarded to Samuel Albani and no. 789630 awarded to Martina Klose. Ramiro Checa-Garcia received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation under grant 641816 (CRESCENDO). Akinori Ito received support from JSPS KAKENHI grant number 20H04329 and Integrated Research Program for Advancing Climate Models (TOUGOU) grant number JPMXD0717935715 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. Peter R. Colarco and Adriana Rocha-Lima were supported by the NASA Atmospheric Composition: Modeling and Analysis Program (Richard Eckman, program manager) and the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS) for computational resources. Yue Huang was supported by NASA grant 80NSSC19K1346 awarded under the Future Investigators in NASA Earth and Space Science and Technology (FINESST) program. Ron L. Miller and Vincenzo Obiso received support from the NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction Program (NNG14HH42I) along with the NASA EMIT project and the Earth Venture Instrument program, with computational resources from the NASA Center for Climate Simulation (NCCS). Samuel Albani received funding from MIUR (Progetto Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018-2022). Carlos Pérez García-Pando received support from the European Research Council (grant no. 773051, FRAGMENT), the EU H2020 project FORCES (grant no. 821205), the AXA Research Fund, and the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RYC-2015-18690 and CGL2017-88911-R). Longlei Li received support from the NASA EMIT project and the Earth Venture – Instrument program (grant no. E678605). Yves Balkanski and Ramiro Checa-Garcia received funding from the PolEASIA ANR project under allocation ANR-15-CE04-0005. Peer Reviewed "Article signat per 18 autors/es: Jasper F. Kok, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Samuel Albani, Yves Balkanski, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Douglas S. Hamilton, Yue Huang, Akinori Ito, Martina Klose, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, Carlos Pérez García-Pando, Adriana Rocha-Lima, and Jessica S. Wan"
Published: 2021

47. Mapping the zonal winds of Jupiter’s stratospheric equatorial oscillation

Author: Rohini Giles, R. Cosentino, Vincent Hue, Sandrine Guerlet, B. Benmahi, Thomas K. Greathouse, Thibault Cavalié, Aymeric Spiga, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ASP 2021, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Southwest Research Institute [San Antonio] (SwRI), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], and University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Equator, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, planets and satellites: individual: Jupiter, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Wind speed, Troposphere, Jupiter, Saturn, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Stratosphere, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), planets and satellites: atmospheres, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Thermal wind, planets and satellites: gaseous planets, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Geostrophic wind, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Since the 1950s, quasi-periodic oscillations have been studied in the terrestrial equatorial stratosphere. Other planets of the solar system present (or are expected to present) such oscillations, like the Jupiter Equatorial Oscillation(JEO) and the Saturn Semi-Annual Oscillation (SSAO). In Jupiter's stratosphere, the equatorial oscillation of its relative temperature structure about the equator, is characterized by a quasi-period of 4.4 years. The stratospheric wind field in Jupiter's equatorial zone has never been directly observed. In this paper, we aim at mapping the absolute wind speeds in Jupiter's equatorial stratosphere to quantify vertical and horizontal wind and temperature shear. Assuming geostrophic equilibrium, we apply the thermal wind balance using nearly simultaneous stratospheric temperature measurements between 0.1 and 30 mbar performed with Gemini/TEXES and direct zonal wind measurements derived at 1 mbar from ALMA observations, all carried out between March 14th and 22nd, 2017. We are thus able to calculate self-consistently the zonal wind field in Jupiter's stratosphere where the JEO occurs. We obtain stratospheric map of the zonal wind speeds as a function of latitude and pressure about Jupiter's equator for the first time. The winds are vertically layered with successive eastward and westward jets. We find a 200 m/s westward jet at 4 mbar at the equator, with a typical longitudinal variability on the order of ~50 m/s. By extending our wind calculations to the upper troposphere, we find a wind structure qualitatively close to the wind observed using cloud-tracking techniques. Nearly simultaneous temperature and wind measurements, both in the stratosphere, are a powerful tool for future investigations of the JEO (and other planetary equatorial oscillations) and its temporal evolution., Comment: the article was accepted on July 12, 2021
Published: 2021

48. Analyzing Dynamic Hypergraphs with Parallel Aggregated Ordered Hypergraph Visualization

Author: Paolo Buono, Jean-Daniel Fekete, Nicole Dufournaud, Paola Valdivia, Catherine Plaisant, Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Human-Computer Interaction Lab [College Park] (HCIL), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Centre de Recherches Historiques (CRH) _ Unité Mixte de Recherches (UMR 8558 CNRS / EHESS) (CRH (UMR 8558 CNRS / EHESS)), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ivan - CHIST-ERA, ANR-17-CHR2-0003,IVAN,Interactive and Visual Analysis of Networks(2017), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), and Centre de Recherches Historiques (CRH)
Subjects: Hypergraph, Theoretical computer science, Generalization, Computer science, interaction, Topology (electrical circuits), 02 engineering and technology, case study, Data visualization, Computer Science::Discrete Mathematics, dynamic hypergraph, TheoryofComputation_ANALYSISOFALGORITHMSANDPROBLEMCOMPLEXITY, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Representation (mathematics), Mathematics::Combinatorics, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, business.industry, 020207 software engineering, Graph theory, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Graph, Vertex (geometry), Visualization, usability, Signal Processing, Index Terms-dynamic graph, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, digital humanities, business, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Software, MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS
Abstract: International audience; Parallel Aggregated Ordered Hypergraph (PAOH) is a novel technique to visualize dynamic hypergraphs. Hypergraphs are a generalization of graphs where edges can connect several vertices. Hypergraphs can be used to model networks of business partners or co-authorship networks with multiple authors per article. A dynamic hypergraph evolves over discrete time slots. PAOH represents vertices as parallel horizontal bars and hyperedges as vertical lines, using dots to depict the connections to one or more vertices. We describe a prototype implementation of Parallel Aggregated Ordered Hypergraph, report on a usability study with 9 participants analyzing publication data, and summarize the improvements made. Two case studies and several examples are provided. We believe that PAOH is the first technique to provide a highly readable representation of dynamic hypergraphs. It is easy to learn and well suited for medium size dynamic hypergraphs (50-500 vertices) such as those commonly generated by digital humanities projects-our driving application domain.
Published: 2021

49. Annual Maps of Forests in Australia from Analyses of Microwave and Optical Images with FAO Forest Definition

Author: Xiaojun Li, Xiangming Xiao, Hao Tang, Xiaocui Wu, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Philippe Ciais, Martin Brandt, Ralph Dubayah, Kevin Neal, Lei Fan, Berrien Moore, Sean Crowell, Russell Doughty, Yuanwei Qin, Jorge A. Celis, Bo Zheng, Josep G. Canadell, Qing Chang, University of Oklahoma (OU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Data61 [Canberra] (CSIRO), Australian National University (ANU)-Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), National University of Singapore (NUS), Southwest University [Chongqing], Department of Geographical Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School [Shenzhen], and Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU)
Subjects: Environmental sciences, Physical geography, Geography, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], GE1-350, Microwave, Remote sensing, GB3-5030
Abstract: The Australian governmental agencies reported a total of 149 million ha forest in the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in 2010, ranking sixth in the world, which is based on a forest definition with tree height > 2 meters . Here, we report a new forest cover data product that used the FAO forest definition ( tree cover > 10 % and tree height > 5 meters at observation time or mature) and was derived from microwave (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar, PALSAR) and optical (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS) images and validated with very high spatial resolution images, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data from the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat), and in situ field survey sites. The new PALSAR/MODIS forest map estimates 32 million ha of forest in 2010 over Australia. PALSAR/MODIS forest map has an overall accuracy of ~95% based on the reference data derived from visual interpretation of very high spatial resolution images for forest and nonforest cover types. Compared with the canopy height and canopy coverage data derived from ICESat LiDAR strips, PALSAR/MODIS forest map has 73% of forest pixels meeting the FAO forest definition, much higher than the other four widely used forest maps (ranging from 36% to 52%). PALSAR/MODIS forest map also has a reasonable spatial consistency with the forest map from the National Vegetation Information System. This new annual map of forests in Australia could support cross-country comparison when using data from the FAO Forest Resource Assessment Reports.
Published: 2021

50. Science goals and new mission concepts for future exploration of Titan's atmosphere geology and habitability: Titan POlar Scout/orbitEr and In situ lake lander and DrONe explorer (POSEIDON)

Author: Sébastien Rodriguez, Sandrine Vinatier, Daniel Cordier, Gabriel Tobie, Richard K. Achterberg, Carrie M. Anderson, Sarah V. Badman, Jason W. Barnes, Erika L. Barth, Bruno Bézard, Nathalie Carrasco, Benjamin Charnay, Roger N. Clark, Patrice Coll, Thomas Cornet, Athena Coustenis, Isabelle Couturier-Tamburelli, Michel Dobrijevic, F. Michael Flasar, Remco de Kok, Caroline Freissinet, Marina Galand, Thomas Gautier, Wolf D. Geppert, Caitlin A. Griffith, Murthy S. Gudipati, Lina Z. Hadid, Alexander G. Hayes, Amanda R. Hendrix, Ralf Jaumann, Donald E. Jennings, Antoine Jolly, Klara Kalousova, Tommi T. Koskinen, Panayotis Lavvas, Sébastien Lebonnois, Jean-Pierre Lebreton, Alice Le Gall, Emmanuel Lellouch, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Rosaly M. C. Lopes, Juan M. Lora, Ralph D. Lorenz, Antoine Lucas, Shannon MacKenzie, Michael J. Malaska, Kathleen Mandt, Marco Mastrogiuseppe, Claire E. Newman, Conor A. Nixon, Jani Radebaugh, Scot C. Rafkin, Pascal Rannou, Ella M. Sciamma-O’Brien, Jason M. Soderblom, Anezina Solomonidou, Christophe Sotin, Katrin Stephan, Darrell Strobel, Cyril Szopa, Nicholas A. Teanby, Elizabeth P. Turtle, Véronique Vuitton, Robert A. West, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Department of Astronomy [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physical Geography [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Department of Physics [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cornell University [New York], Institute of Geological Sciences [Berlin], Department of Earth Sciences [Berlin], Free University of Berlin (FU)-Free University of Berlin (FU), Faculty of Mathematics and Physics [Charles University of Praha], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Aeolis Research, Department of Geological Sciences [BYU], Brigham Young University (BYU), Space Science and Astrobiology Division at Ames, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), European Space Agency (ESA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Lancaster University, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)
Subjects: geology, space mission concept, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Habitability, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, orbiter, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, drones, Orbiter, Poseidon, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Drones, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Atmosphere, 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Geology, FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences, habitability, lake lander, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, atmosphere, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Titan, Lake lander, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: In response to ESA Voyage 2050 announcement of opportunity, we propose an ambitious L-class mission to explore one of the most exciting bodies in the Solar System, Saturn largest moon Titan. Titan, a "world with two oceans", is an organic-rich body with interior-surface-atmosphere interactions that are comparable in complexity to the Earth. Titan is also one of the few places in the Solar System with habitability potential. Titan remarkable nature was only partly revealed by the Cassini-Huygens mission and still holds mysteries requiring a complete exploration using a variety of vehicles and instruments. The proposed mission concept POSEIDON (Titan POlar Scout/orbitEr and In situ lake lander DrONe explorer) would perform joint orbital and in situ investigations of Titan. It is designed to build on and exceed the scope and scientific/technological accomplishments of Cassini-Huygens, exploring Titan in ways that were not previously possible, in particular through full close-up and in situ coverage over long periods of time. In the proposed mission architecture, POSEIDON consists of two major elements: a spacecraft with a large set of instruments that would orbit Titan, preferably in a low-eccentricity polar orbit, and a suite of in situ investigation components, i.e. a lake lander, a "heavy" drone (possibly amphibious) and/or a fleet of mini-drones, dedicated to the exploration of the polar regions. The ideal arrival time at Titan would be slightly before the next northern Spring equinox (2039), as equinoxes are the most active periods to monitor still largely unknown atmospheric and surface seasonal changes. The exploration of Titan northern latitudes with an orbiter and in situ element(s) would be highly complementary with the upcoming NASA New Frontiers Dragonfly mission that will provide in situ exploration of Titan equatorial regions in the mid-2030s., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1908.01374
Published: 2021
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