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Differential contribution of Anopheles coustani and Anopheles arabiensis to the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in two neighbouring villages of Madagascar
- Source :
- Parasites & Vectors, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2020), Parasites and Vectors, Parasites and Vectors, BioMed Central, 2020, 13 (1), pp.430. ⟨10.1186/s13071-020-04282-0⟩, Parasites & Vectors, Parasites & Vectors, 2020, 13 (1), pp.430. ⟨10.1186/s13071-020-04282-0⟩
- Publication Year :
- 2020
- Publisher :
- BMC, 2020.
-
Abstract
- Background Malaria is still a heavy public health concern in Madagascar. Few studies combining parasitology and entomology have been conducted despite the need for accurate information to design effective vector control measures. In a Malagasy region of moderate to intense transmission of both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, parasitology and entomology have been combined to survey malaria transmission in two nearby villages. Methods Community-based surveys were conducted in the villages of Ambohitromby and Miarinarivo at three time points (T1, T2 and T3) during a single malaria transmission season. Human malaria prevalence was determined by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy and real-time PCR. Mosquitoes were collected by human landing catches and pyrethrum spray catches and the presence of Plasmodium sporozoites was assessed by TaqMan assay. Results Malaria prevalence was not significantly different between villages, with an average of 8.0% by RDT, 4.8% by microscopy and 11.9% by PCR. This was mainly due to P. falciparum and to a lesser extent to P. vivax. However, there was a significantly higher prevalence rate as determined by PCR at T2 ($$\chi_{2}^{2}$$ χ 2 2 = 7.46, P = 0.025). Likewise, mosquitoes were significantly more abundant at T2 ($$\chi_{2}^{2}$$ χ 2 2 = 64.8, P < 0.001), especially in Ambohitromby. At T1 and T3 mosquito abundance was higher in Miarinarivo than in Ambohitromby ($$\chi_{2}^{2}$$ χ 2 2 = 14.92, P < 0.001). Of 1550 Anopheles mosquitoes tested, 28 (1.8%) were found carrying Plasmodium sporozoites. The entomological inoculation rate revealed that Anopheles coustani played a major contribution in malaria transmission in Miarinarivo, being responsible of 61.2 infective bites per human (ib/h) during the whole six months of the survey, whereas, it was An. arabiensis, with 36 ib/h, that played that role in Ambohitromby. Conclusions Despite a similar malaria prevalence in two nearby villages, the entomological survey showed a different contribution of An. coustani and An. arabiensis to malaria transmission in each village. Importantly, the suspected secondary malaria vector An. coustani, was found playing the major role in malaria transmission in one village. This highlights the importance of combining parasitology and entomology surveys for better targeting local malaria vectors. Such study should contribute to the malaria pre-elimination goal established under the 2018–2022 National Malaria Strategic Plan.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Veterinary medicine
030231 tropical medicine
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium falciparum
Prevalence
Mosquito Vectors
Disease Vectors
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Plasmodium
law.invention
lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
law
Anopheles
parasitic diseases
Malaria, Vivax
Madagascar
medicine
Animals
lcsh:RC109-216
Malaria, Falciparum
Microscopy
Staining and Labeling
biology
Research
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
3. Good health
[SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology
Anopheles coustani
Anopheles arabiensis
030104 developmental biology
Infectious Diseases
Transmission (mechanics)
Parasitology
Andriba
Vector biology dynamics
Malaria
Subjects
Details
- Language :
- English
- ISSN :
- 17563305
- Volume :
- 13
- Issue :
- 1
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Parasites & Vectors
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi.dedup.....1f4c0f449ffff072e5301529b76a0e96