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Differential contribution of Anopheles coustani and Anopheles arabiensis to the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in two neighbouring villages of Madagascar

Authors :
Catherine Bourgouin
Romain Girod
Jessy Goupeyou-Youmsi
Inès Vigan-Womas
Tsiriniaina Rakotondranaivo
Richard Paul
Nicolas Puchot
Ingrid Peterson
Mamadou Ousmane Ndiath
Unité d'immunologie des maladies infectieuses [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM)
Institut Pasteur de Madagascar
Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)
Génétique fonctionnelle des maladies infectieuses - Functional Genetics of Infectious Diseases
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]
G4 malaria group [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM)
Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health [Baltimore, USA] (CVD)
University of Maryland School of Medicine
University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System
Unité d'Entomologie Médicale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM)
This study was supported by the Institut Pasteur International Network to JGY as a doctoral Calmette‑Yersin fellowship (award DI/EC/MAM/No479/14), to MON (award IPIN/G4 GROUP‑02)
by the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar to IVW (award IPM/IPal‑VivaxDuffy) and to CB (award 007/IPM/DIR/PR/16)
by French Agence Nationale de la Recherche grant to CB (award ANR‑10‑LABX‑62‑IBEID).
ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010)
Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Source :
Parasites & Vectors, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2020), Parasites and Vectors, Parasites and Vectors, BioMed Central, 2020, 13 (1), pp.430. ⟨10.1186/s13071-020-04282-0⟩, Parasites & Vectors, Parasites & Vectors, 2020, 13 (1), pp.430. ⟨10.1186/s13071-020-04282-0⟩
Publication Year :
2020
Publisher :
BMC, 2020.

Abstract

Background Malaria is still a heavy public health concern in Madagascar. Few studies combining parasitology and entomology have been conducted despite the need for accurate information to design effective vector control measures. In a Malagasy region of moderate to intense transmission of both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, parasitology and entomology have been combined to survey malaria transmission in two nearby villages. Methods Community-based surveys were conducted in the villages of Ambohitromby and Miarinarivo at three time points (T1, T2 and T3) during a single malaria transmission season. Human malaria prevalence was determined by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy and real-time PCR. Mosquitoes were collected by human landing catches and pyrethrum spray catches and the presence of Plasmodium sporozoites was assessed by TaqMan assay. Results Malaria prevalence was not significantly different between villages, with an average of 8.0% by RDT, 4.8% by microscopy and 11.9% by PCR. This was mainly due to P. falciparum and to a lesser extent to P. vivax. However, there was a significantly higher prevalence rate as determined by PCR at T2 ($$\chi_{2}^{2}$$ χ 2 2 = 7.46, P = 0.025). Likewise, mosquitoes were significantly more abundant at T2 ($$\chi_{2}^{2}$$ χ 2 2 = 64.8, P < 0.001), especially in Ambohitromby. At T1 and T3 mosquito abundance was higher in Miarinarivo than in Ambohitromby ($$\chi_{2}^{2}$$ χ 2 2 = 14.92, P < 0.001). Of 1550 Anopheles mosquitoes tested, 28 (1.8%) were found carrying Plasmodium sporozoites. The entomological inoculation rate revealed that Anopheles coustani played a major contribution in malaria transmission in Miarinarivo, being responsible of 61.2 infective bites per human (ib/h) during the whole six months of the survey, whereas, it was An. arabiensis, with 36 ib/h, that played that role in Ambohitromby. Conclusions Despite a similar malaria prevalence in two nearby villages, the entomological survey showed a different contribution of An. coustani and An. arabiensis to malaria transmission in each village. Importantly, the suspected secondary malaria vector An. coustani, was found playing the major role in malaria transmission in one village. This highlights the importance of combining parasitology and entomology surveys for better targeting local malaria vectors. Such study should contribute to the malaria pre-elimination goal established under the 2018–2022 National Malaria Strategic Plan.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
17563305
Volume :
13
Issue :
1
Database :
OpenAIRE
Journal :
Parasites & Vectors
Accession number :
edsair.doi.dedup.....1f4c0f449ffff072e5301529b76a0e96
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04282-0