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International audience; In this study, the photocatalytic activity of highly dispersed silver embedded into ZX-Bi zeolite during methanol photooxidation under visible light and at room temperature is investigated. The size and dispersion of Agn δ+ sub-nanoclusters (< 1 nm) is studied by HR/TEM, DR-UV-Vis, in situ FTIR, etc. The catalytic tests were performed using the operando FTIR technique during methanol photooxidation as a model reaction. The results show that the as-prepared Ag/ZX-Bi was very low active, while the activated sample at 200 °C (Ag/ZX-Bi_200) exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity (49.60 mmol.g-1 .cm-2 after 12 h of reaction) during methanol photooxidation, more than 6 times higher than the TiO2-P25 used as reference. This activity originates from the migration and agglomeration of sub-nanosized Agn d+ clusters into Ag nanoparticles with a size of 6 nm. However, the catalyst experienced a partial desactivation when the particle size of sintered Ag NPs is below 20 nm. The activity and the deactivation of Ag/ZX-Bi will be discussed on the basis of operando FTIR results and HRTEM analysis at different stages of the reaction.

International audience; Le POCUS est un acronyme de » Point of Care Ultrasound » littérallement l’échographie au point d’intervention » c’est l’utilisation de l’échographie par un praticien dans le but d’orienter le diagnostic du malade d’évaluer la maladie et d’améliorer sa prise en charge .La pratique du POCUS se fait par des professionnels de santé formés pour diagnostiquer des maladies, peu importe l’endroit où le patient est traité (dans un hôpital moderne, une ambulance ou un village reculé par exemple etc…).Il existe un fort niveau de preuves que l’utilisation de l’échographie au point d’intervention (Point of Care Ultrasound) apporte un bénéfice réel dans le diagnostic et la prise en charge en urgence des patients . La disponibilité croissante des appareils d’échographie couplée à un enthousiasme des stagiaires pour apprendre le POCUS signifie que les responsables de formation doivent commencer à réféchir à la manière de l’intégrer systématiquement dans les programmes d’études médicales. En outre, il doit y avoir un engagement à soutenir le développement des formateurs avec du temps et des ressources pour garantir une formation adéquate à quelques privilégiés. Voici des exemples d’utilisation de l’échographie en pratique clinique :•Échographie pulmonaire en Urgence et Échographie abdominale en Urgence.•Accès Vasculaires guidés par Ultrasons.•Échographie cardiaque de base.•Échographie rénale et Urologique en Urgence.•Échographie Gastrique.•Échographie vasculaire en Urgence.•Échographie traumatologique FAST et E-FAST.•Échographie Gynéco-Obstétricale de base en Urgence.Cette liste ne saurait être exhaustive et l’utilisation des ultrasons n’a pas de limite dans la pratique clinique.•L’échographie pulmonaire est capitale dans la prise en charge des urgences de même que les techniques de ponctions pleurales échoguidées.•L’utilisation des ultrasons au cours des états de chocs devient incontournable dans les centres de référence.•Le FAST dans l’évaluation des traumatismes joue un rôle important dans la prise en charge des traumatismes. La liste est encore longue….

International audience; Data-intensive cloud computing systems are growing year by year due to the increasing volume of data. In this context, data replication technique is frequently used to ensure a Quality of service, e.g., performance. However, most of the existing data replication strategies just reproduce the same number of replicas on some nodes, which is certainly not enough for more accurate results. To solve these problems, we propose a new data Replication and Placement strategy based on popularity of User Requests Group (RPURG). It aims to reduce the tenant response time and maximize benefit for the cloud provider while satisfying the Service Level Agreement (SLA). We demonstrate the validity of our strategy in a performance evaluation study. The result of experimentation shown robustness of RPURG.

International audience; After a lull of >20 years, Algeria experienced a cholera outbreak in 2018 that included 291 suspected cases. We found that outbreak isolates were Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa from seventh pandemic El Tor sublineage AFR14, which corresponds to a new introduction of cholera into Africa from South Asia

A novel bacterial strain was isolated from industrially contaminated waste water. In the presence of crude oil, this strain was shown to reduce the rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) up to 97.10% in 24 h. This bacterium was subsequently identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and affiliated to the Serratia genus by the RDP classifier. Its genome was sequenced and annotated, and genes coding for catechol 1,2 dioxygenase and naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase system involved in aromatic hydrocarbon catabolism, and LadA-type monooxygenases involved in alkane degradation, were identified. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of crude oil after biological treatment showed that Serratia sp. Tan611 strain was able to degrade n-alkanes (from C-13 to C-25). This bacterium was also shown to produce a biosurfactant, the emulsification index (E24) reaching 43.47% and 65.22%, against vegetable and crude oil, respectively. Finally, the formation of a biofilm was increased in the presence of crude oil. These observations make Serratia sp. Tan611 a good candidate for hydrocarbon bioremediation.

International audience; A leaf spot pathogen Alternaria sp. was recovered from jimson weed, tomato, parsley, and coriander collected during surveys of blight diseases on Solanaceae and Apiaceae in Algeria. This species produced large conidial body generating long apical beaks that tapered gradually from a wide base to a narrow tip and short conidiophores originating directly from the agar surface. This species exhibited morphological traits similar to that reported for Alternaria crassa. The identification of seven strains from different hosts was confirmed by sequence analyses at the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, RNA polymerase second largest subunit, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha loci. Further the pathogen was evaluated on jimson weed, coriander, parsley, and tomato plants, and this fungus was able to cause necrotic lesions on all inoculated plants. A. crassa is reported for the first time as a new species of the Algerian mycoflora and as a new potential pathogen for cultivated hosts.

The new concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) is bringing new forms of knowledge and applications that rely on smart objects able to sense and process the collected data on a remote workflow server in the perspective to generate automated decisions. In this context, one of the main problems is how to schedule the data flow circulating between objects, and between objects applications. The cooperation between these objects is a promising solution to meet this challenge. Business process management (BPM) is the most adapted way to carry out data management thanks to workflow processes. To this end, a new semantics operator which the authors call a gateway for intelligent process scheduling of IoT (GIPSIT) is proposed as a semantic gateway enabling the management of data flows circulating between the connected objects of IoT. The researchers validate their approach based on GIPSIT operator by implementing a realistic eHealth based-scenario in a Smart Home. The obtained findings showed clearly the importance of this new operator in the context of IoT.

International audience; Health effects of dairy fats (DF) are difficult to evaluate, as DF intakes are hard to assess epidemiologically and DF have heterogeneous compositions that influence biological responses. We set out to find biomarkers of DF intake and assess biological response to a summer DF diet (R2), a winter DF diet (R3), and a R3 supplemented with calcium (R4) compared to a plant-fat-based diet (R1) in a randomized clinical trial (n=173) and a 2-year study in mildly metabolically disturbed downsized pigs (n=32). Conventional clinical measures were completed by LC/MS plasma metabolomics/lipidomics. The measured effects were modeled as biological functions to facilitate interpretation.DF intakes in pigs specifically induced a U-shaped metabolic trajectory, reprogramming metabolism to close to its initial status after a one-year turnaround. Twelve lipid species repeatably predicted DF intakes in both pigs and humans (6.6% errors). More broadly, in pigs, quality of DF modulated the time-related biological response (R2: 30 regulated functions, primarily at 6 months; R3: 26 regulated functions, mostly at 6–12 months; R4: 43 regulated functions, mostly at 18 months). Despite this heterogeneity, 9 functions overlapped under all 3 DF diets in both studies, related to a restricted area of amino acids metabolism, cofactors, nucleotides and xenobiotic pathways and the microbiota. In conclusion, over the long-term, DF reprograms metabolism to close to its initial biological status in metabolically-disrupted pigs. Quality of the DF modulates its metabolic influence, although some effects were common to all DF. A resilient signature of DF consumption found in pigs was validated in humans.

In this paper, we consider the Korteweg-de Vries equation with time-dependent delay on the boundary or internal feedbacks. Under some assumptions on the timedependent delay, on the weights of the feedbacks and on the length of the spatial domain, we prove the exponential stability results, using appropriate Lyapunov functionals. We finish by some numerical simulations that illustrate the stability results and the influence of the delay on the decay rate.

International audience

Aim Past pollen records reveal the changes in latitudinal distribution of plants in relation to climate, particularly their expansion in response to global warming. The maximum northward expansion of the mangrove genus Avicennia since the Early Eocene is known, but this information is missing for other mangrove taxa. Here, we evaluate the diversity of past mangroves with respect to latitude during three Cenozoic thermal maxima (PETM: 56 Ma; EECO: 54–49 Ma; MMCO: 17–14 Ma). Location North Atlantic, Mediterranean. Taxa Avicennia, other mangrove taxa (Rhizophoraceae, Nypa, Xylocarpus, Pelliciera, etc.). Method We collected well-dated marine sediments along a Northern Hemisphere latitudinal transect and we analysed their pollen content in order to compare the past distribution of mangrove taxa with the present. The analysis of 89 samples (PETM: 13; EECO: 31; MMCO: 45) was performed and interpreted using a robust botanical background for identification of pollen grains and their representativeness in marine sediments. Results During the Early Eocene, two palaeolatitudinal thresholds at 65–70°N and 35°N, respectively, delimited the Avicennia-only mangrove from a diversified but scrawny mangrove and finally from a diversified and well-developed mangrove. The Avicennia threshold was selective at 40°N during the Mid-Miocene. The Avicennia range limit was up to 10–15° poleward of the limit for other mangrove taxa during the Early Eocene and the Mid-Miocene compared with 9° at present. Main conclusions A buffer zone characterised by a diversified but scrawny mangrove co-occurring with a few megathermal plants occurred in the Early Eocene between 35°N and 65–70°N. This finding questions the relative influence of a more ‘equable’ climate and/or the ability of some taxa to expand towards areas with cooler conditions in the past. Mangrove provincialism, which was established progressively after the Early Eocene, was probably forced by plate tectonics. The taxonomic impoverishment of the Atlantic East Pacific province was probably caused by successive periods of global cooling. These results support the Tethyan origin of the mangroves.

International audience

International audience; Five protocols were first compared for the copper-catalyzed C-N bond formation between 7-azaindole and aryl/heteroaryl iodides/bromides. The 1-arylated 7-azaindoles thus obtained were subjected to deprotometalation-iodolysis sequences using lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide as the base and the corresponding zinc diamide as an in situ trap. The reactivity of the substrate was discussed in light of the calculated atomic charges and the pK(a) values. The behavior of the 1-arylated 7-azaindoles in direct iodination was then studied, and the results explained by considering the HOMO orbital coefficients and the atomic charges. Finally, some of the iodides generated, generally original, were involved in the N-arylation of indole. While crystallographic data were collected for fifteen of the synthesized compounds, biological properties (antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activity) were evaluated for others.

International audience; Water plays a crucial role in the agricultural field for food production and raising livestock. Given the current trends in world population growth, the urgent food demand that must be answered by agriculture highly depends on our ability to efficiently exploit the available water resources. Among critical issues, there is water management. Recently, innovative technologies have improved water management and monitoring in agriculture. Internet of Things, Wireless Sensor Networks and Cloud Computing, have been used in diverse contexts in agriculture. By focusing on the water management challenge in general, existing approaches are aiming at optimizing water usage, and improving the quality and quantity of agricultural crops, while minimizing the need for direct human intervention. This is achieved by smoothing the water monitoring process, by applying the right automation level, and allowing farmers getting connected anywhere and anytime to their farms. There are plenty of challenges in agriculture involving water: water pollution monitoring, water reuse, monitoring water pipeline distribution network for irrigation, drinking water for livestock, etc. Several studies have been devoted to these questions in the recent decade. Therefore, this paper presents a survey on recent works dealing with water management and monitoring in agriculture, supported by advanced technologies. It also discusses some open challenges based on which relevant research directions can be drawn in the future, regarding the use of modern smart concepts and tools for water management and monitoring in the agriculture domain.

International audience; The influence of fluoro substituents on the aryl group of N-methyl-N-benzylacetamides and N-methyl-N-benzylbenzamides on the regioselectivity of palladium-catalyzed direct arylations was studied. With these (poly)fluoro-substituted tertiary benzamides, the arylations proceed very regioselectively at the C–H bond flanked by two fluoro substituents using 2.5 mol% of air-stable palladium catalysts and PivOK/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) as the reaction conditions. For these reactions, a variety of substituents on the aryl bromide, such as ester, propionyl, acetyl, formyl, nitro, nitrile, methoxy, or methyl, was tolerated. Nitrogen-containing heteroaryl bromides were also successfully used. These results reveal that under our reaction conditions, fluoro substituents act as better directing groups than amides in palladium-catalyzed direct arylations.

International audience; Mesoporous silica SBA-15 was functionalized with various amines and then doped with copper II cation (Cu2+). The modified materials were tested for the retention of CO2 at room temperature using temperature-programmed desorption (CO2-TPD). Several parameters affecting the CO2 retention capacity (CRC) such as the nature of amine groups, repetitive adsorption-desorption cycles and dispersion of copper were investigated. CO2-TPD and H2O-TPD allowed correlating the hydrophilic character with the CO2 retention capacity. The obtained results showed that amine-functionalized mesoporous materials containing their own moisture exhibit higher effectiveness in the retention of CO2. Triamine-functionalized SBA-15 displayed the highest CRC value as a result of the increase of the number of adsorption sites. Material reuse in three adsorption/desorption cycles revealed high stability with a slight decrease in CRC. The dispersion of copper induced a progressive decrease in the CRC value. The CRC decreased with increasing Cu2+ content due to competitive complexation of Cu2+ by the amino groups.

Atriplex halimus L., endemic to the Mediterranean region and Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. endemic to the American regions introduced in Algeria are two halophytes of semi-arid to arid regions. Salinity tolerance to NaCl (100, 300 and 600 mM.l-1) of Oran population of halimus L. and El Bayadh population of canescens (Pursh) Nutt. is analyzed. The parameters studied are Na++, K+, Ca++, Mg++ and Cl- . These are studied using two t methods (flame spectrophotometry and microanalysis EDX). In response to NaCl stress, the contents of Ca++ and K+ decrease. However, at low salt concentrations, Ca++ accumulates in the stems and leaves of halimus L. and only in the plant roots of canescens (Pursh) Nutt.. However, the leaves become less and less rich in K+, Mg++ under all salinity treatments in all organs of both species. Na+ accumulates in large amounts in the leaves. However, this accumulation slows down under the effect of salt beyond 300 mM.l-1 in canescens (Pursh) Nutt. while the load in this cation increases in the stems and roots. Therefore, halimus L. is one halophyte of "includer" type whereas canescens (Pursh) Nutt. is "includer" one at concentrations low or equal to 300 mM.l-1. But at 600 mM.l-1, the plant changes to become an"excluder" halophyte. This change in the type can be a way to avoid the harmful effects of stress resulting from ionic salt stress in this species. On the other hand, microanalysis (EDX) shows that the Ca++ and Na+ are two essential elements of halimus L. roots and that only Ca++ is for canescens (Pursh) Nutt.. At the level of leaves, Na+ and Cl- essentially characterize halimus L. However, for plants of canescens (Pursh) Nutt., K+ and Cl- are dominant. Na+ then represents the specific component of the roots and leaves of halimus L. and K+ represents the specific element of canescens (Pursh) Nutt. leaves.

17 pages; International audience; Modularity and integration are variational properties expressed at various levels of the biological hierarchy. Mismatches among these levels, for example developmental modules that are integrated in a functional unit, could be informative of how evolutionary processes and trade‐offs have shaped organismal morphologies as well as clade diversification. In the present study, we explored the full, integrated and modular spaces of two developmental modules in phacopid trilobites, the cephalon and the pygidium, and highlight some differences among them. Such contrasts reveal firstly that evolutionary processes operating in the modular spaces are stronger in the cephalon, probably due to a complex regime of selection related to the numerous functions ensured by this module. Secondly, we demonstrate that the same pattern of covariation is shared among species, which also differentiate along this common functional integration. This common pattern might be the result of stabilizing selection acting on the enrolment and implying a coordinate variation between the cephalon and the pygidium in a certain direction of the morphospace. Finally, we noticed that Austerops legrandi differs slightly from other species in that its integration is partly restructured in the way the two modules interact. Such a divergence can result from the involvement of the cephalon in several vital functions that may have constrained the response of the features involved in enrolment and reorganized the covariation of the pygidium with the cephalon. Therefore, it is possible that important evolutionary trade‐offs between enrolment and other functions on the cephalon might have partly shaped the diversification of trilobites.

International audience; Over the last few years, networks' infrastructures are experiencing a profound change initiated by Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV). In such networks, avoiding the risk of service degradation increasingly involves predicting the evolution of metrics impacting the Quality of Service (QoS), in order to implement appropriate preventive actions. Recurrent neural networks, in particular Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks, already demonstrated their efficiency in predicting time series, in particular in networking, thanks to their ability to memorize long sequences of data. In this paper, we propose an improvement that increases their accuracy by combining them with filters, especially the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), in order to better extract the characteristics of the time series to be predicted. The proposed approach allows improving prediction performance significantly, while presenting an extremely low computational complexity at run-time compared to classical techniques such as Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), which requires costly online operations.

The dynamic thermal simulation of buildings is a real challenge, in terms of regulations and labelling but also of decisions (implementation, materials choice, architectural design, rehabilitation …). Today, we lack reference models of the dynamic thermal behaviour of the cooling floor under solar radiation effect. In fact, the simulation models developed in literature are represented in a very simplified method and cannot be used for a detailed analysis of thermal comfort. The present study aims to reduce the knowledge gap and resolve the limitations such as (i) studying the effect of sunspot for a real weather conditions, (ii) visualize the dynamic thermal behaviour of indoor air and surface cooling floor relative to the sunspot shifting and (iii) predict different sunspot shape as a function of geographic location. A 3D model is presented in this paper to evaluate the sunspot impact on cooling floor coupled to underground tank under climatic conditions in Algeria. The sunspot is calculated using a coupled TRNSYS-FLUENT dynamic simulation. Simulations are run for different periods and weather conditions. The results have shown that the developed model can provide a real simulation of thermal performance of the cooling floor taking into account the sunspot shifting. The incident solar heat flux on cooling floor reaches a maximum of 300 W/m2 for Bechar city and 120 W/m2 for Oran city. A wide surface temperature ranges of 13 °C between the umbrageous and illuminated areas. For Oran weather conditions, the indoor air temperature in the umbrageous area is around 24 °C, while that of the illuminated area is 28 °C which can cause a temperature heterogeneity in the room.

Pure and Mg-doped manganese oxide thin films were synthesized on heated glass substrates using the spray pyrolysis technique. The surface chemical composition was investigated by the use of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Structural and morphological properties were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Optical properties were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy. XPS spectra showed typical Mn (2p3/2), (2p1/2) and O (1s) peaks of Mn3O4 with a slight shift attributed to the formation of different chemical states of manganese. XRD analysis revealed the tetragonal phase of Mn3O4 with a preferred (211) growth orientation that improved with Mg-doping, likewise, grain size is observed to increase with the Mg doping. SEM images of Mn3O4 films showed rough surfaces composed of uniformly distributed nanograins whose size decreases with the Mg-doping. The manganese oxide films surface observed in AFM show a textured, rough and porous surface. The combination of transmittance and absorption data in the UV-visible range allowed determining the energy values of the Eg band gap (1.5–2.5 eV). The decrease of the band gap with the Mg-doping increase is attributed to the influence of the greater size of the Mg2+ ion in the manganese oxide lattice.

In this paper, we consider an abstract fourth order boundary value problem where the coefficients are accretive operators in Hilbert space. We show existence, uniqueness and maximal regularity of the solution under some necessary and sufficient conditions on the data. To this end, we give an explicit representation formula, using analytic semigroups, sectorial operators with Bounded Imaginary Powers, the theory of strongly continuous cosine operator functions and the perturbation theory of m-accretive operators. Illustrative example is also given.

International audience

N-Arylation of various 2-acylated anilines with different electron-rich heteroaryl iodides (2- and 3-iodothiophenes, 2- and 3-iodobenzothiophenes­, 2-iodobenzofuran) was achieved by using activated copper and potassium carbonate in dibutyl ether at reflux. The reactivity of the different heteroaryl iodides and anilines employed was discussed and rationalized on the basis of their electronic features. Subsequent cyclization by aromatic electrophilic substitution easily took place in the case of C2-free (benzo)thienyl or C3-free (benzo)furyl derivatives­, affording original tri- and tetracycles. The antiproliferative activity of most of them was evaluated in A2058 melanoma cells and revealed four chlorinated tetracycles as effective growth inhibitors.

International audience

Chemically-modified alginate (obtained by grafting urea on alginate, with different ratios; alginate-urea (1:1) and its new derivatives alginate-urea (1:2) with an exceed of the percent of amino group by 7%) was successfully tested for mercury sorption in aqueous solutions. The influence of pH on metal sorption was first investigated: optimum pH was close to 5.5. Sorption isotherms were modeled using the Langmuir and the Sips equations, and sorption capacity slightly increased with the increased of the % of–NH2 in the sorbent and the maximum sorption capacity exceeded 200 mg Hg l−1 (1.07 mmol Hg g−1; for alginate-urea (1:2)), this means two times the sorption capacity of reference material (i.e., non-modified alginate), and also has a capacity improved compared to alginate-urea (1:1). Under selected experimental conditions the equilibrium was reached with 6–8 h of contact and the kinetic profiles were modeled using the pseudo-first order equation (PFORE), the pseudo-second-order rate equation (PSORE) and the resistance to intraparticle diffusion (RIDE). Surface functional groups, notably; –NH2, –OH and –COOH, were involved in mercury sorption by alginate-urea, suggesting the ion exchange, complexation and/or electrostatic interaction of Hg(II) on the alginate-urea surface. The use of this material, environmentally friendly and simply obtained from a renewable resource, reveals promising for the treatment of low-metal concentration effluents: sorption capacities are comparable to alternative academic and commercials sorbents.

Les réflexions sur les ressources humaines (RH) ont de tout temps fait l'objet d'intérêt et n'ont de cesse d'être réinventées. Les innovations en management des RH se sont succédé et se sont diversifiées à maintes occasions. Cela a nécessité, chaque fois, de nouveaux concepts, outils et méthodes et de nouveaux rôles pour la GRH (gestion des ressources humaines). Le concept de l'innovation a lui-même subi des mutations à la fois du fait des travaux et courants que de la pratique nécessitant que les innov'acteurs changent de statuts, de rôles et de motivation et imposent des innovations organisationnelles dans les modes de management de la GRH. La transformation numérique de l'ensemble de l'organisation et la quatrième révolution vont également assigner d'autres rôles et fonctions aux innov'acteurs. C'est dans ce contexte que la pandémie de la COVID-19 fait irruption, imposant d'autres modes de gestion des RH qu'il s'agit d'inventer, d'oser et d'imaginer. Les innov'acteurs doivent de nouveau développer de nouvelles postures. Ce travail a pour objectif d'analyser ces bouleversements. Ce n’est pas une perspective essentiellement théorique. Le souci de coller à la réalité sur un sujet relativement nouveau ne permet pas d’avoir un propos essentiellement théorique. Les illustrations tirées de la réalité et le choix du télétravail comme exemple en font un travail de recherche exploratoire. L’analyse aboutit à deux résultats majeurs. Premièrement, nous assistons à une extension sans précédent des postures des innov’acteurs due à la pandémie nécessitant de nouveaux modes de GRH innovants; au moins quatre postures ont été identifiées. Deuxièmement, avec la pandémie, le télétravail, qui devient une nécessité exigée par la situation, définit un nouveau paysage des formes d’innov’actions avec des niveaux de perturbation de la fonction GRH variant d’intensité selon le type de posture que les innov’acteurs adoptent. Les innovations organisationnelles de la GRH devront comprendre cette combinaison des différentes postures élargissant ainsi le champ de la GRH d’une manière exceptionnelle et inédite et ce, dans un temps record., Reflections on human resources (HR) have always been the subject of interest and are constantly being reinvented. There have been successive innovations in HR management and they have diversified numerous times. Each time the innovations required new concepts, tools and methods and new roles for HRM (human resources management). The concept of innovation itself has undergone changes due both to the work and currents and to the practice. The transformations require innovation actors to change status, roles and motivation and to impose organizational innovations in the HRM management methods. The digital transformation of the overall organization and the fourth revolution will also assign other roles and functions to innovation actors. The COVID-19 pandemic emerges in this context, imposing other HR management methods that must be invented, dared and imagined. Innovation actors must once again develop new views. This work aims to analyse these disturbances. It is not mainly a theoretical view. The concern to stick to reality on a relatively new subject does not allow us to have an essentially theoretical subject. The illustrations taken from real situations and choosing teleworking as an example, make it exploratory research work. The analysis leads to two major results. Firstly, we are witnessing an unprecedented extension of the views of innovation actors due to the pandemic that requires new innovative HRM methods. At least four views have been identified. Secondly, with the pandemic, teleworking, which becomes a necessity required by the situation, defines a new landscape of forms of innovation action with levels of HRM function disturbance varying in intensity according to the type of view that innovation actors adopt. Organizational innovations in HRM will have to include this combination of different views, thereby expanding the field of HRM in an exceptional and unprecedented way, and this must be done in record time.

International audience; Nowadays, the massive proliferation of real-world multimedia devices has paved the way to the emergence of a new paradigm called the Internet of Multimedia Things wherein Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) are the main components of this new technology. RPL is an IPv6 routing protocol for LLNs designed by IETF to meet the requirements of a wide range of LLN applications such as Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks where video traffic is expected to reach 6 times more than non-video traffic in 2025. The mono-instance version of RPL is far from satisfying the network’s Quality of Service (QoS) and the user’s Quality of Experience (QoE), as video in its compressed form is typically composed of various frames with different priorities requiring different QoS and QoE levels. In this paper, we exploit the multi-instance version of RPL for developing a new routing approach that improves the transport of a compressed video, composed of two types of frames with different priorities, by delivering each of them on the corresponding instance. The fundamental question we are addressing, is to find the best way to construct these instances: instances with Nodes Disjoint (ND) or Links Disjoint (LD). To do so, we designed a Multi-Instance routing protocol, named MI-RPL, and we performed extensive simulation experiments using the Cooja simulator. The comparison of MI-RPL-ND, MI-RPL-LD and RPL which regards to QoS and QoE performance metrics, confirms that multi-instance routing for video transmission in WMSN (and in particular MI-RPL-ND) is the best choice.

International audience; The enantioselective deprotometalation of alkyl ferrocenecarboxylates (FcCO(2)R) using mixed lithium-zinc or lithium-cadmium bases is described. By using FcCO(2)Me as the substrate, chiral lithium alkyl-amidozincates prepared from exo-(alpha R)- or endo-(alpha S)-N-(alpha-phenylethyl)bornylamine (H-exo-born-R or H-endo-born-S) were tested; the best results (27% yield and 62% ee in favor of the R-P enantiomer) were obtained by using Bu-2(endo-born-S)ZnLi in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at -30 degrees C before iodolysis. Due to the low compatibility of FcCO(2)Me with alkyl-containing lithium zincates, 1 : 1 mixtures of lithium and zinc amides were tested. Chiral (H-exo-born-R or H-endo-born-S) or/and achiral (lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide or lithium diisopropylamide) secondary amines gave good results, the best (81% yield and 44% ee in favor of the R-P enantiomer) being obtained by using (endo-born-S)(3)ZnLi in THF at room temperature. Among other secondary amines also prepared and/or tested, commercial (S,S)-bis(alpha-phenylethyl)amine (H-PEA-S) proved promising. After optimization of the reaction conditions, the best enantioselectivity (26% yield and 80% ee in favor of the RP enantiomer) was observed by treating a THF solution of FcCO(2)Me and Zn(PEA-S)(2) with Li-PEA-S at -80 degrees C before iodolysis. That no reaction took place with cadmium instead of zinc suggests the formation of 'ate complexes upon treatment of Cd(PEA-S)(2) by Li-PEA-S while Zn(PEA-S)(2) and Li-PEA-S would rather work in tandem (Li-PEA-S as the base and Zn(PEA-S)(2) as the in situ trap for the formed ferrocenyllithium). While FcCO(2)Me, FcCO(2)tBu and FcCO(2)iPr could be converted into their racemic 2-iodinated derivatives with a yield of 84 to 87% by employing LiTMP (2 equiv.) in the presence of ZnCl2.TMEDA (1 equiv.) as an in situ trap, their enantioselective deprotometalation rather required Li-PEA-S together with Zn(PEA-S)(2) to produce the enantio-enriched derivatives with yields of 45-82% and 71% ee.

International audience; Acridine- and acridone-based polycyclic aromatics were prepared by using as the key steps a copper-catalysed N-arylation of 2-aminobenzaldehyde, 2-aminophenones, or ethyl 2-aminobenzoate with 2-iodotriphenylene, and an acid-mediated cyclization. The regioselectivity of this intramolecular SEAr reaction was studied by performing Hückel theory calculations on the precursors. Due to their structural similarity with some MALDI-MS matrices, two acridine-based polycycles were evaluated for this purpose. Finally, in view of structure–property relationships, preliminary studies of the photophysical properties of the synthesized acridine- and acridone-based polycycles were performed.

Notre contribution concerne les systèmes interactifs d'aide à la décision multi participants pour la prise de la décision de groupe. Nous nous appliquons, à travers cette étude, à mettre en place une démarche décisionnelle visant à représenter la multiplicité des décideurs, leursdiversités, leurs comportements ainsi que leurs interactions.Dans cette optique, nous contribuons à la conception et l’élaboration d’un système d’aide à la décision de groupe. Ce dernier est modélisé par un système multi agents tout en exploitant un protocole de négociation basé sur la médiation et la concession. Ce protocole permet aux décideurs d’exprimer leurs préférences en utilisant les méthodes d’analyse multicritères, principalement la méthode d’agrégation totale AHP (Analyse Hiérarchique des Procédés) et la méthode d’agrégation partielle PROMETHEE II.

International audience; Background: Early nutrition may influence the development of food allergies later in life. In the absence of breastfeeding, hydrolysates from cow’s milk proteins (CMP) were indicated as a prevention strategy in at risk infants, but their proof of effectiveness in clinical and pre-clinical studies is still insufficient. Thanks to a validated mouse model, we then assessed specific and nonspecific preventive effects of administration of extensive hydrolysates from caseins (eHC) on the development of food allergy to CMP. The additional nonspecific effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus GG (LGG), commonly used in infant formula, was also assessed.Methods: Groups of young BALB/cByJ female mice were pretreated by repeated gavage either with PBS (control mice), or with PBS solution containing non-hydrolyzed milk protein isolate (MPI), eHC or eHC+LGG (eq. of 10 mg of protein/gavage). All mice were then experimentally sensitized to CMP by gavage with whole CM mixed with the Th2 mucosal adjuvant Cholera toxin. All mice were further chronically exposed to cow’s milk. A group of mice was kept naïve. Sensitization to both caseins and to the non-related whey protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG) was evaluated by measuring specific antibodies in plasma and specific ex vivo Th2/Th1/Th17 cytokine secretion. Elicitation of the allergic reaction was assessed by measuring mMCP1 in plasma obtained after oral food challenge (OFC) with CMP. Th/Treg cell frequencies in gut-associated lymphoid tissue and spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry at the end of the protocol. Robust statistical procedure combining non-supervised and supervised multivariate analyses and univariate analyses, was conducted to reveal any effect of the pretreatments.Results: PBS pretreated mice were efficiently sensitized and demonstrated elicitation of allergic reaction after OFC, whereas mice pretreated with MPI were durably protected from allergy to CMP. eHC+/-LGG pretreatments had no protective effect on sensitization to casein (specific) or BLG (non-specific), nor on CMP-induced allergic reactions. Surprisingly, eHC+LGG mice demonstrated significantly enhanced humoral and cellular immune responses after sensitization with CMP. Only some subtle changes were evidenced by flow cytometry.Conclusion: Neither specific nor nonspecific preventive effects of administration of casein-derived peptides on the development of CMP food allergy were evidenced in our experimental setup. Further studies should be conducted to delineate the mechanisms involved in the immunostimulatory potential of LGG and to clarify its significance in clinical use.

International audience; By starting from a common substrate, 2-aminobenzaldehyde, both acridines and acridones were prepared. The former were generated in high yields by copper-catalyzed N-arylation followed by acid-mediated cyclization while the latter were obtained by double copper-catalyzed N-arylation followed by cyclization under the same reaction conditions. Moreover, acridine was subjected to deprotometalation by recourse to a lithium-zinc base and converted to the corresponding 4-iodo derivative, which was involved in copper-catalyzed couplings with pyrrolidinone and pyrazole. Finally, addition of pyrazole, indole and carbazole onto the 9 position of bare acridine was improved. While moderate biological activity was noticed in melanoma cells growth inhibition, the newly prepared compounds feature interesting photophysical properties which were evaluated in a preliminary study.

In the field of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs), ternary planar heterojunction allows widening absorption range. Optimization of the energy levels at the organic interfaces is the first task to achieve in order to obtain OPVs with high efficiency. In ternary OPVs, carrier mobility, charge transfer and presence of energy transfer are determinant. Here, we compare the performances of different, binary (electron donor/fullerene) and ternary (electron donor/ambipolar material/fullerene) combinations of small organic molecules in planar heterojunction (PHJ) cells. We chose the different ED molecules in order to investigate the different possible band scheme alignments. The study shows that if the open circuit voltage (Voc) is limited by the energy levels of the outer layers, i.e. the difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the electron acceptor and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the outer electron donor layer, the energy loss can be smaller than 0.2 eV. If efficient ternary OPVs need global energy offset higher than the exciton energy to separate the charges of the exciton, the distribution of this offset between ΔLUMO and ΔHOMO is not critical. The mobility value of the carriers in the intercalated layer is determinant in obtaining performance of OPVs. Overlap between the photoluminescence of ED and the optical absorption of EDA is primordial for good energy transfer. The highest OPV efficiency improvement is obtained with organic materials such as ED and EDA that have the same HOMO and similar hole mobility which give homogeneous thin layers.

Light field technology represents a viable path for providing a high-quality VR content. However, such an imaging system generates a high amount of data leading to an urgent need for LF image compression solution. In this paper, we propose an efficient LF image coding scheme based on view synthesis. Instead of transmitting all the LF views, only some of them are coded and transmitted, while the remaining views are dropped. The transmitted views are coded using Versatile Video Coding (VVC) and used as reference views to synthesize the missing views at decoder side. The dropped views are generated using the efficient dual discriminator GAN model. The selection of reference/dropped views is performed using a rate distortion optimization based on the VVC temporal scalability. Experimental results show that the proposed method provides high coding performance and overcomes the state-of-the-art LF image compression solutions., Comment: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), Jul 2020, Londre, United Kingdom

We compare the performances of organic photovoltaic cells (OPVCs) based on binary and ternary planar heterojunctions. The organic active layers are pentathiophene (5T), subphthalocyanine (SubPc) and fullerene (C60). SubPc being an ambipolar material we used it either as electron acceptor in binary OPVCs or as central layer in ternary cells in order to increase the efficiency of OPVCs using 5T as electron donor. So, the different OPVC configurations were 5T/C60, 5T/SubPc and 5T/SubPc/C60. The effect of the different organic layer thicknesses on the device performances was studied. In order to understand the behavior of the different OPVC configurations, we proceeded with a morphological study. The influence of the high roughness of the 5T layer on the OPVCs performances is discussed. The best OPVCs performances are obtained with the binary structure 5T/SubPc. Its maximum efficiency corresponds to an increase of 50% compared to the OPVC based on the couple 5T/C60. External Quantum Efficiency measurements show that both layers participate to the current generation. The efficiency increase is mainly due to the increase of the open circuit voltage ([Formula: see text]). In the case of ternary OPVCs, [Formula: see text] is limited by the band structure of 5T and C60, moreover, the efficiency is also limited by the poor charge collection efficiency of the ternary structure and the series resistance of the three stacked organic layers.

International audience; Deferred-preemption model has been proposed as a compromise between fully preemptive and non-preemptive systems: on one hand they reduce the cache related preemption delays; on the other hand they introduce a small blocking time to higher priority tasks. In this paper, we investigate the problem of allocating a set of real-time tasks with fixed-preemption points onto an identical multi-core platform. We first propose enumerative and branch-and-bound optimal algorithms, along with techniques to reduce their execution time. Further, we propose a set of heuristics to solve the same problem. We demonstrate the performances of the proposed approaches by the means of a large set of synthetic experiments. ACM Reference Format

In this thesis, we give some results on abstract second order differential elliptic equations of mixed type. The study is performed in Holder continuous Banach spaces. Our main purpose is the study of necessary and sufficient conditions on the data for obtaining existence, uniqueness and maximal regularity properties of the strict solution. The techniques used are based on analytic semigroups theory.; Dans cette thèse, nous donnons quelques résultats sur des équations elliptiques différentielles abstraites du second ordre de type mixte. L'étude est réalisée dans des espaces de Banach continus Holder. Notre objectif principal est l'étude des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes sur les données pour obtenir les propriétés d'existence, d'unicité et de régularité maximale de la solution stricte. Les techniques utilisées sont basées sur la théorie des semi-groupes analytiques.

We report on the photocatalytical properties of pure and barium-doped nickel oxide nanofilms synthesised on glass substrates using a simple spray pyrolysis method. The nanofilms were prepared from ...

International audience; The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of billion of objects. Data streaming over IoT network is a tedious task that requires intelligent flow management and steering. In this paper, we propose a Distributed Maximum Concurrent Flow (DMCF) algorithm to solve the problem of distributing massive IoT video/data to large consumers over IP/data-centric networks. We propose two approaches based on graph theories, and using reinforcement learning techniques. The proposed approaches are implemented and evaluated over different complex graphs. Results show that in large graphs, reinforcement learning methods outperform classical graph theoretic ones.

International audience; Saliency prediction can be of great benefit for 360-degree image/video applications, including compression, streaming , rendering and viewpoint guidance. It is therefore quite natural to adapt the 2D saliency prediction methods for 360-degree images. To achieve this, it is necessary to project the 360-degree image to 2D plane. However, the existing projection techniques introduce different distortions, which provides poor results and makes inefficient the direct application of 2D saliency prediction models to 360-degree content. Consequently, in this paper, we propose a new framework for effectively applying any 2D saliency prediction method to 360-degree images. The proposed framework particularly includes a novel convolutional neural network based fusion approach that provides more accurate saliency prediction while avoiding the introduction of distortions. The proposed framework has been evaluated with five 2D saliency prediction methods, and the experimental results showed the superiority of our approach compared to the use of weighted sum or pixel-wise maximum fusion methods.

International audience; An efficient and green procedure for the synthesis of 2-aminopyridines derivatives via four-component reaction of acetophenone, malononitrile, triethoxymethane and different primary amines has been developed using different surfactant-containing mesoporous catalysts. The advantages of this approach are easy operational method, high product yields and reusable catalysts without losing their catalytic activity.

Endogenous agonists of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) such as the indolic uremic toxin, indoxyl sulfate (IS), accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease. AHR activation by indolic toxins has prothrombotic effects on the endothelium, especially via tissue factor (TF) induction. In contrast, physiological AHR activation by laminar shear stress (SS) is atheroprotective. We studied the activation of AHR and the regulation of TF by IS in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells subjected to laminar fluid SS (5 dynes/cm2). SS and IS markedly increased the expression of AHR target genes PTGS2 (encoding for COX2), AHRR, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1, as well as F3 (encoding for TF), in an AHR-dependent way. IS amplified SS-induced TF mRNA and protein expression and upregulation of AHR target genes. Interestingly, tyrosine kinase inhibition by genistein decreased SS- but not IS-induced TF expression. Finally, the increase in TF expression induced by laminar SS was not associated with increased TF activity. In contrast, IS increased TF activity, even under antithrombotic SS conditions. In conclusion, IS and SS induce AHR activation and AHR-dependent TF upregulation by different mechanisms. Impairment of the antithrombotic properties of shear stressed endothelium by toxic AHR agonists could favor cardiovascular diseases in CKD.

International audience; The intergrowth of stable and metastable AgInS2 polymorphs was synthesized using a microwave-assisted synthesis. The samples were synthesized in water and in a deep eutectic solvent (DES) consisting of choline chloride and thiourea. An increase in the metal precursor concentration improved the crystallinity of the synthesized samples and affected the particle size. AgInS2 cannot be synthesized from crystalline binary Ag2S or In2S3 via this route. The solution synthesis reported here results in the intergrowth of the thermodynamically stable polymorph (space group I4¯2d, chalcopyrite structure) and the high-temperature polymorph (space group Pna21, wurtzite-like structure) that is metastable at room temperature. A scanning transmission microscopy (STEM) study revealed the intergrowth of tetragonal and orthorhombic polymorphs in a single particle and unambiguously established that the long-thought hexagonal wurtzite polymorph has pseudo-hexagonal symmetry and is best described with the orthorhombic unit cell. The solution-synthesized AgInS2 polymorphs intergrowth has slightly lower bandgap values in the range of 1.73 eV–1.91 eV compared to the previously reported values for tetragonal I4¯2d (1.86 eV) and orthorhombic Pna21 (1.98 eV) polymorphs.

International audience; The reaction pathways of lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP)-mediated deprotonative metalation of methoxy-substituted arenes were investigated. Importantly, it was experimentally observed that, whereas TMEDA has no effect on the course of the reactions, the presence of more than the stoichiometric amount of LiCl is deleterious, in particular without an in situ trap. These effects were corroborated by the DFT calculations. The reaction mechanisms, such as the structure of the active species in the deprotonation event, the reaction pathways by each postulated LiTMP complex, the stabilization effects by in situ trapping using zinc species, and some kinetic interpretation, are discussed herein.

Deprotometalation is an efficient method to functionalize regioselectively aromatic compounds including heterocycles. This short review shows how it is possible to intercept aryllithiums (and other polar arylmetals) as soon as they are formed by in situ ‘trans-metal trapping’. The approach avoids long contact between aryllithiums and sensitive substrates. In addition, it allows less activated substrates to be deprotonated by non-nucleophilic lithium amides. While using chloro­silanes and borates still arouses the interest of chemists, more recently, methods based on zinc, aluminum and gallium have appeared, enabling this chemistry to grow dramatically.1 Introduction2 Silicon-Based In Situ Traps3 Boron-Based In Situ Traps4 Zinc-Based In Situ Traps5 Aluminum- and Gallium-Based In Situ Traps6 Other In Situ Traps7 Continuous-Flow In Situ ‘Trans-Metal Trapping’8 Conclusion

International audience; The Network-on-Chip (NoC) provides a viable solution to bus-contention problems in classical Multi/Many core architectures. However, NoC complex design requires particular attention to support the execution of real-time workloads. In fact, it is necessary to take into account task-to-core allocation and inter-task communication, so that all timing constraints are respected. The problem is more complex when considering task-to-main-memory communication, as the main memory is off-chip and usually connected to the network edges, within the 2D-Mesh topology, which generates a particular additional pattern of traffic. In this paper, we tackle these problems by considering the allocation of tasks and inter-task communications, and memory-to-task communications (modeled using Directed Acyclic Graphs DAGs) at the same time, rather than separating them, as it has been addressed in the literature of real-time systems. This problem is highly combinatorial, therefore our approach transforms it at each step, to a simpler problem until reaching the classical single-core scheduling problem. The goal is to find a trade-off between the problem combinatorial explosion and the loss of generality when simplifying the problem. We study the effectiveness of the proposed approaches using a large set of synthetic experiments.

Although large-spored Alternaria species of the section Porri are considered to be the major agents responsible for leaf spot and blight of Solanaceae, small-spored Alternaria species are also frequently isolated from symptomatic tissues. A survey of the north-western regions of Algeria during the 2017–2018 growing seasons revealed that amongst the 623 Alternaria isolates from tomato, potato, pepper, eggplant and black nightshade, 8% could not be morphologically assigned to either section Porri or section Alternaria. In order to more precisely determine the taxonomic position of these isolates, detailed morphological characterizations and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses were performed. Based on these analyses, the isolates were grouped into four main clades: section Ulocladioides, section Infectoriae, including two new species, section Embellisioides, and section Eureka, including one new species. These isolates were also characterized for their virulence under green-house conditions. They were able to produce leaf spot symptoms on tomato plants but with variable levels.

International audience; Al-SBA-15 is an interesting mesoporous material having highly ordered nanopores and a large surface area, which is widely employed as catalysts and adsorbents, but relatively few studies on the surfaces properties of this type of materials have been carried out. The purpose of the present work was to advance knowledge on the textural properties of Al-SBA-15 by applying the accurate NLDFT method as well as to gain insight into the surface characterisation and acidic trend of this material. Mesoporous Al-SBA-15 molecular sieves, in three SiO2/Al2O3 ratios: 50, 75 and 100 were accomplished by post-synthesis alumination in aqueous solution of a purely siliceous SBA-15 material. The obtained solids were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), N-2 adsorption-desorption (BET/DFT), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), water adsorption and zeta potential measurements. The results indicate that Al atoms have been successfully incorporated into the framework of the hexagonal mesoporous SBA-15. The aluminum introduced amount has remarkably affected the surface properties of the SBA-15 solid, indeed microporosity decreased. Furthermore, the esterification test showed that the Al-SBA-15 material exhibit Bronsted acid properties with an interesting activity leading to yields of similar to 90% of biodiesel.