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Hintergrund: Das genaue Wissen um die Umstände eines jeden tödlichen Arbeitsunfalls ist Voraussetzung für die Identifizierung von Unfallschwerpunkten und ermöglicht eine effektive Präventionsarbeit. Mit dieser rechtsmedizinischen Studie zum Arbeitsunfallgeschehen soll ein Beitrag dazu geleistet werden, die Zahl tödlicher Arbeitsunfälle in Deutschland zu senken. Material und Methode: Zur Untersuchung kamen die tödlichen Arbeitsunfälle, die sich im Einzugsbereich des rechtsmedizinischen Instituts Frankfurt am Main in den Jahren von 2005 bis 2016 ereigneten. Ausgewertet wurden Obduktionsprotokolle sowie die dem Institut zur Verfügung gestellten staatsanwaltschaftlichen Ermittlungsakten. Ergebnisse: Es fanden sich 87 tödliche Arbeitsunfälle in dem genannten Zwölfjahreszeitraum. Die Altersstruktur reichte vom jugendlichen Alter bis in das Rentenalter. Betroffen waren zum größten Teil männliche Arbeiter (96,6 %, p

In diesem Jahr 2021 wurde das Arbeitsschutzmanagementsystem »AManSys« durch die Landesdirektion Sachsen und das Sächsische Staatsministerium für Wirtschaft, Arbeit und Verkehr erfolgreich re-systemgeprüft. Ein geprüftes Managementsystem verlangt nach einer Auditierung. Diese kann sowohl als internes als auch als externes Audit erfolgen. Die Veröffentlichung beschreibt die Inhalte eines internen Audits zum »AManSys« im Zeitraum zwischen 2018 bis 2020.:1 Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz an öffentlichen Schulen in Sachsen 2 Methodisches Vorgehen im Rahmen des Internen Audits 3 Interne Audits 2018–2020 3.1 Übersicht 3.2 Ergebnisse 4 Ausblick und Fazit 5 Quellenverzeichnis

New automated vehicles have the chance of high improvements to road safety. Nevertheless, from today's perspective, accidents will always be a part of future mobility. Following the “Vision Zero”, this thesis proposes the quantification of the driving situation's criticality as the basis to intervene by newly integrated safety systems. In the example application of trajectory planning, a continuous, real-time, risk-based criticality measure is used to consider uncertainties by collision probabilities as well as technical accident severities. As result, a smooth transition between preventative driving, collision avoidance, and collision mitigation including impact point localization is enabled and shown in fleet data analyses, simulations, and real test drives. The feasibility in automated driving is shown with currently available test equipment on the testing ground. Systematic analyses show an improvement of 20-30 % technical accident severity with respect to the underlying scenarios. That means up to one-third less injury probability for the vehicle occupants. In conclusion, predicting the risk preventively has a high chance to increase the road safety and thus to take the “Vision Zero” one step further.:Abstract Acknowledgements Contents Nomenclature 1.1 Background 1.2 Problem statement and research question 1.3 Contribution 2 Fundamentals and relatedWork 2.1 Integral safety 2.1.1 Integral applications 2.1.2 Accident Severity 2.1.2.1 Severity measures 2.1.2.2 Severity data bases 2.1.2.3 Severity estimation 2.1.3 Risk assessment in the driving process 2.1.3.1 Uncertainty consideration 2.1.3.2 Risk as a measure 2.1.3.3 Criticality measures in automated driving functions 2.2 Operational motion planning 2.2.1 Performance of a driving function 2.2.1.1 Terms related to scenarios 2.2.1.2 Evaluation and approval of an automated driving function 2.2.2 Driving function architecture 2.2.2.1 Architecture 2.2.2.2 Planner 2.2.2.3 Reference planner 2.2.3 Ethical issues 3 Risk assessment 3.1 Environment model 3.2 Risk as expected value 3.3 Collision probability and most probable collision configuration 4 Accident severity prediction 4.1 Mathematical preliminaries 4.1.1 Methodical approach 4.1.2 Output definition for pedestrian collisions 4.1.3 Output definition for vehicle collisions 4.2 Prediction models 4.2.1 Eccentric impact model 4.2.2 Centric impact model 4.2.3 Multi-body system 4.2.4 Feedforward neural network 4.2.5 Random forest regression 4.3 Parameterisation 4.3.1 Reference database 4.3.2 Training strategy 4.3.3 Model evaluation 5 Risk based motion planning 5.1 Ego vehicle dynamic 5.2 Reward function 5.3 Tuning of the driving function 5.3.1 Tuning strategy 5.3.2 Tuning scenarios 5.3.3 Tuning results 6 Evaluation of the risk based driving function 6.1 Evaluation strategy 6.2 Evaluation scenarios 6.3 Test setup and simulation environment 6.4 Subsequent risk assessment of fleet data 6.4.1 GIDAS accident database 6.4.2 Fleet data Hamburg 6.5 Uncertainty-adaptive driving 6.6 Mitigation application 6.6.1 Real test drives on proving ground 6.6.2 Driving performance in simulation 7 Conclusion and Prospects References List of Tables List of Figures A Extension to the tuning process

Kurzfassung Diese Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit Arbeitsunfällen und versucht, vorbeugende Maßnahmen für elektrische und mechanische Unfälle bei Wartungsarbeiten in der Industrie zu finden. Zehn Kernfragen werden für die Forschungsuntersuchung aufgestellt, wobei 19 verschiedene Unfälle aus Industrie und Gewerbe untersucht werden. Anhand der zehn Fragen und der Erkenntnissen der untersuchten Unfälle sollen Maßnahmen für die Vermeidung von Unfällen erarbeitet werden. Mit Hilfe der ‚Vision Zero‘ wird das Ziel von Firmen dargestellt, die Unfallzahl in Betrieben auf null zu senken. Der Rückgang der Anzahl an Unfallzahlen in den letzten Jahrzehnten wird beschrieben und die Unfallursachen werden erläutert. Zudem wird die Manipulation von Schutzeinrichtungen aufgegriffen und als Unfallquelle in der Industrie wahrgenommen. Mechanische Gefahren, die von Robotern, von pneumatischen und hydraulischen Vorrichtungen automatisierter Industrieanlagen, von Shredder-Anlagen ausgeht, werden vorgestellt. Es werden für die Arbeit relevanten Richtlinien, Verordnungen, Normen, Gesetze in einer Gliederung in Form von Elektrovorschriften, Vorschriften von Maschinen, Vorschriften für Arbeit und Sicherheit und technische Regeln für Betriebssicherheit TRBS beschrieben. 19 Unfälle werden analysiert, wobei 16 Unfälle auf eine elektrische Ursache zurückzuführen sind. Fünf Fälle haben hingegen eine mechanische Unfallursache. Von den 19 Unfällen konnten zwei sowohl für die elektrische als auch für die mechanische Unfallbewertung herangezogen werden. Analysen werden erstellt und mögliche Maßnahmen für die Unfallvermeidung werden erarbeitet. In Kapitel fünf werden die jeweiligen elektrischen und mechanischen Unfälle anhand der zehn Forschungsfragen in Tabellenform ausgearbeitet und die Resultate werden in Text- sowie Grafikform dargestellt. Eine Reihung der Fragen wird vorgenommen. Es wird herausgearbeitet, auf welche Gebiete ein Schwerpunkt zu legen ist. Themengebiete wie Alkohol am Arbeitsplatz konnten bereits mit entsprechenden Maßnahmen positiv beeinflusst werden. Die Annahme, dass selbstverschuldete Unfälle einen hohen Anteil an den untersuchten Unfällen ausmachen, bestätigt sich. Die Erkenntnis bezüglich ´Vision Zero´ ist, dass es möglich ist, die Zahl der Arbeitsunfälle in den Industriebetrieben zu senken. Die in der Masterarbeit erarbeiteten Maßnahmen können die Arbeitsunfälle in den Industriebetrieben reduzieren. Zum Schluss werden die möglichen Maßnahmen vorgestellt und erläutert. Dazu zählen beispielsweise die Ansätze, die Anlage im Rahmen der mechanischen Planung und Konstruktion sicherer zu gestalten und bei der Bedienung durch das Personal verbesserte Bedienzuordnungen durch Radio Frequency Identification-Schlüsselschalter, RFID-Schlüsselschalter- oder elektronische Schlüsselsysteme vorzunehmen. Auch Modernisierung von alten Anlagen auf den Stand der Technik des Herstellers, Verbesserungen in Bezug auf das Schulungsverhalten der Firmen in den Bereichen ‚Arbeitssicherheit‘ und ‚Motivation‘ sowie Adaptionen von Verbesserungssystemen wie dem Kontinuierlichen Verbesserungsprozess und vorbeugende Instandhaltungen gehören dazu. Abstract This master thesis deals with industrial accidents and tries to find preventive measures for electrical and mechanical accidents during maintenance work in the industry. Ten core questions are set for the research investigation, with 19 different accidents from industry and commerce being investigated. Based on the ten questions and the findings of the accidents investigated, measures for the prevention of accidents are to be developed. With the help of 'Vision Zero', the aim of companies to reduce the number of accidents in companies to zero is presented. The decline in the number of accidents in recent decades is described and the causes of accidents are explained. Also, the manipulation of protective devices is taken up and perceived as a source of accidents in industry. Mechanical hazards, that goes out from robots, pneumatic and hydraulic devices of automated industrial plants, shredder plants, are presented. For the thesis relevant guidelines, regulations, standards, laws in a structure in the form of electrical regulations, regulations for machinery, Work and safety regulations and technical rules for operational safety, TRBS are described.19 accidents are analysed, of which 16 accidents are attributable to an electrical cause. Five cases have a mechanical cause of accident. Of the 19 accidents, two could use for both electrical and mechanical accident evaluation. Analyses are prepared and possible measures for the prevention of accidents are worked out. In chapter five the respective electrical and mechanical accidents are worked out in tabular form on the basis of the ten research questions and the results are presented in text and graphic form. A ranking of the questions is given. It is worked out, the area to be a focused on. Issues such as alcohol at work have already been positively influenced by appropriate measures. The assumption that self-inflicted accidents account for a high proportion of the accidents investigated is confirmed . The realization regarding Vision Zero is, that it is possible to reduce the number of work accidents in industrial companies. The measures developed in the master thesis can reduce the number of accidents at work in industrial companies. Finally, the possible measures are presented and explained. These include, for example, approaches to make the plant safer in the context of mechanical planning and design and to improve the allocation of operating personnel by means of radio frequency identification key switches, RFID key switches or electronic key systems. This also includes modernisation of old equipment to the manufacturer's state of the art, improvements with regard to the training behaviour of companies in the areas of 'occupational safety' and 'motivation' as well as adaptations of improvement systems such as the continuous improvement process and preventive maintenance. vorgelegt von: Rainer Kröpfl Wien, FH Campus Wien, Masterarb., 2020

Newer technologies like connectivity and autonomy in the automotive sector increases the need for stronger security and for its evaluation penetration tests. In order to focus the tests first on the most critical possible vulnerabilities, threat modeling with a ranking of the risk level is mandatory. Because lives depend on the security of the vehicle, both safety and security aspects should be included into this threat model. Furthermore, the usage of a tool is required, which helps and automates some parts of the process, so the time effort is reduced and the acceptance of the methodology increased. Up to our knowledge no such holistic methodology exists, therefore we have created the CVSIL threat methodology. It combines the outcome of a Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment (HARA) with results from using Microsofts��� Threat Modeling Tool 2016 and our own application, the TMTe4PT. With our proposed novel solution, after the faults have been mapped to the threats, the Collateral Damage Potential metric can be derived from the HARA, and so the CVSS overall score can be calculated and used as risk level. Additionally, we have introduced another score for the ranking, the Security-ASIL, which consists of elements from the security and safety analysis. For the evaluation, we have illustrated a hypothetical Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) system and analyzed it with our model and tool. These findings were compared to those from expert interviews and the problems discussed. Based on our results, the CVSIL methodology in its current state does not provide a better distinction and therefore a better ranking between the threats violating the safety. The contribution of this thesis is the evaluation of existing threat methodologies, public threat modeling tools and our own CVSIL methodology. Furthermore we provide a hypothetical ACC system with system architecture and component definitions. For this system, the results of a shortened HARA and threat analysis are released. Additionally, our tool the TMTe4PT will be made open source.

Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death in adolescents, and drivers aged 16–19 are the most likely to die in distracted driving crashes. This paper provides an overview of the literature on adolescent cellphone use while driving, focusing on the crash risk, incidence, risk factors for engagement, and the effectiveness of current mitigation strategies. We conclude by discussing promising future approaches to prevent crashes related to cellphone use in adolescents. Handheld manipulation of the phone while driving has been shown to have a 3 to 4-fold increased risk of a near crash or crash, and eye glance duration greater than 2 seconds increases crash risk exponentially. Nearly half of U.S. high school students admit to texting while driving in the last month, but the frequency of use according to vehicle speed and high-risk situations remains unknown. Several risk factors are associated with cell phone use while driving including: parental cellphone use while driving, social norms for quick responses to text messages, and higher levels of temporal discounting. Given the limited effectiveness of current mitigation strategies such as educational campaigns and legal bans, a multi-pronged behavioral and technological approach addressing the above risk factors will be necessary to reduce this dangerous behavior in adolescents. (author's abstract)

Fragestellung: Handverletzungen stellen ein deutliches Problem in der derzeitigen Gesundheitspolitik dar. Das Wissen um ein erhöhtes Risiko während der Arbeit durch Stress, Unachtsamkeit, Übermüdung, Verwendung ungesicherter Maschinen, führt in den nächsten Jahren dazu,[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], 58. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Handchirurgie

Objective: To summarize the scientific literature regarding the consumption of alcohol among fishermen. Method: Integrative review performed by literature in CAPES databases, ScieLO and LILACS, with data collection on the period from March to April 2014. Results: Alcohol consumption was evidenced as an usual activity among fishermen, emphasizing its association with religion, long working hours, lack of knowledge about weekly maximum levels of satisfactory consumption of alcohol, occupational accidents, sexually transmited and cardiovascular diseases, and hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: The consumption of alcohol is a common practice among fishermen and despite all the studies pointing to this practice, there is no evidence of real alternatives related to promotion, prevention and health care of fishermen in relation to alcohol consumption.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence, causes and consequences related to occurrence of falls among institutionalized elderly. Method: Descriptive study, with a quantitative approach, carried out with 15 seniors who reside and were victims of falls in an institution of long permanence in the city of João PessoaPB. Used an instrument with demographic questions and questions pertaining to falls. The research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, CAAE34521414200005176. Results: The elderly 80 (12) had suffered three or more crashes, the leading cause of downfall (46,7) weakness, disturbers of balance and gait; 60 presented serious injuries, 40 fractures and 93,3 were alone at the time of the crash. Conclusion: The results obtained corroborate for the development of educational activities as to the risks of falls in order to remedy the existing factors.

Objective: To identify the main interference of work on oil rigs in occupational health; describe the actuation of nurse in the management of occupational risks on oil rigs; analyze how risk management can promote occupational health worker. Method: an integrative review, in order to answer the following research question: What is produced on the nurse in managing risks in occupational health worker oil rig? Results: companies that had nurses working in the planning for the prevention of accidents had fewer reports of work accidents and occupational diseases, as efforts to prevent these diseases were being performed with increasing frequency. Conclusion: The management of occupational risks is a major challenge for the entire multidisciplinary team of health of certain oil companies, and the nurse is the professional activities highlighted in this scope.

Objective: to describe the perception of home caregivers of children about the susceptibility of children under their care for the child domestic accidents. Method: exploratory, descriptive, and a qualitative study carried out in Natal/RN, Brazil, with 19 caregivers of children. The data were analyzed based on the Collective Subject Discourse and analyzed based on the perceived susceptibility, one of the pillars of the Health Belief Model. Results: all subjects deemed avoidable child domestic accidents. There were discordant perceptions regarding changes of risks to these accidents and the susceptibility of the house inhabited for these episodes identified. This triggered the development distinct categories, pointing from the existence of various risks to the nonrecognition of susceptibility to such events. Conclusion: it is necessary that as a health educator, the nurse performed comprehensive actions and directed to inter-sectoral caregivers to prevent such accidents.

Die Reduzierung der Unfallzahlen und berufsbedingten Erkrankungen, die Stärkung des Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutzes genießen in Sachsen einen hohen Stellenwert, da sichere und gesundheitsgerechte Arbeitsbedingungen in den Schulen auch zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung des Freistaates beitragen. Um diesen Anspruch in den sächsischen Schulen dauerhaft zu sichern, entwickelt die Professur Arbeitswissenschaft und Innovationsmanagement der Technischen Universität Chemnitz das Arbeitsschutzmanagementsystem Schule »AManSys«. Einen wichtigen Teil der Systementwicklung bildet dabei das Handbuch zum »AManSys«, eine Handlungsanleitung und zukünftig digitales Hilfsmittel für den Schulleiter, um die Durchführung und Dokumentation der Prozesse in der Organisation im Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz regelkonform zu managen und damit seiner Unternehmerverantwortung gerecht zu werden.:1 Das Arbeitssystem Schule 1.1 Rechtliche Einordnung 1.2 Regelungen im Arbeitsschutz- und Unfallversicherungsrecht 1.3 Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz im Freistaat Sachsen 2 Chronologische Entwicklung von Arbeitsschutzmanagementsystemen 3 Entwicklung des »AManSys« aus dem OHRIS-Konzept 4 Entwicklungsstand »AManSys« 5 Literatur

On April 16, 2014, the South Korean ship MV Sewol sank, claiming the lives of 304 passengers. The accident appeared to observers to be a manmade disaster, since all the passengers could have been rescued if adequate safety measures and disaster management procedures had been in place. The Sewol sinking has subsequently turned into a focusing event in terms of safety policy debates in South Korea. On September 28, 1994, the Swedish ship MS Estonia sank, claiming the lives of 852 people. This earlier tragedy was also a focusing event in the context of Swedish debates about safety policies. In this article, South Korean and Swedish safety policies are analyzed from a historical-institutionalist perspective. While Swedish disaster prevention systems have generally performed well in a virtuous cycle, those of South Korea have performed poorly in a vicious cycle. The article highlights how South Korean policy makers might use Swedish policies, developed in response to the 1994 MS Estonia accident, to improve their safety policies. In addition, we suggest that long-term policies focusing on comprehensive social welfare and the pooling of risks are required to restore citizens' trust in government and to transform South Korea from a low safety into a high safety society.

Im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Arbeit und Soziales (BMAS) wurden in Zusammenarbeit mit der BMAS-Expertengruppe "Elektromagnetische Felder" ein Bericht zu Gefährdungen von Beschäftigten bei Einwirkungen von gepulsten elektromagnetischen Feldern (EMF) am Arbeitsplatz verfasst. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde die Zeitbereichs-Bewertungsmethode (ZBM) für gepulste elektromagnetische Felder an die Vorgaben der europäischen Arbeitsschutz-Richtlinie 2013/35/EU angepasst. Die Ergebnisse sind hier als BMAS-Forschungsbericht FB 457 veröffentlicht und dienen als wissenschaftlicher Beitrag für die nationale Umsetzung der Arbeitsschutz-Richtlinie 2013/35/EU über Mindestvorschriften zum Schutz von Sicherheit und Gesundheit der Arbeitnehmer vor der Gefährdung durch physikalische Einwirkungen.

Most of mining operations in Indonesia use open pit mine methods, with truck and shovel system and a large amount of manpower. The mining industry plays an important role contributed to the national economy and development in Indonesia, otherwise the mine accidents become as sensitive issue or problem. The main cause of mine accidents is still dominant of the low safety awarenesses and accountabilities, and also improperly cost spent on the occupational health and safety (OSH) programs. This thesis describes the concept behind the return on prevention and workers‟ perception descriptive analyses of the occupational health and safety in relation to improve safety performances. The proactive action plan related to accidents prevention is as an essential step of the risk management processes. Participation and intervention for all employees are important and urgent, especially for the frontline workers, which are crucial in achieving good safety performances with financial support properly. The main objective of this study evaluates of the workers‟ perception and cost spent on the occupational health and safety program at the companies in relation to accident prevention efforts. In general, the several objectives are described to evaluate of the mine accident rates, the validity and reliability tests of the questionnaires, workers relationships and suggestions, interviews, observations, and the OSH cost effectiveness. The methods of this study are assessed by the descriptive statistical analysis approaches of the return on prevention with the microeconomic model of the net present value, internal rate of return, and cost benefit analysis to justify the benefits return and the break even point and interventions directly according to the workers‟ perception through questionnaire, interview, and observation. The methodology is assessed by the gathering data obtained from the companies through the surveys of the questionnaire, interview, observation, and the money expenses in the occupational health and safety for the workers. The valuation methods are used by the degree of significance of 95%, margin of error 5%, with total number of respondents are 1,600 persons as sampling which representation of the four surface coal mine companies in Indonesia. The seven elements are a basic assessment approached of the training and education, personal protective equipment, preventive medical check up, employment injury insurance, improvement existing technology, signalization, and organization. The result shows the advantages using these analyses which described the importance of the money invested on OSH and effectiveness of interventions by worker‟s perception in order to prevent accidents at workplace. The effectiveness of interventions to the environment working conditions and workers mindsets directly. The OSH cost invested for workers, in general, will triggers the work performances to be better, and then the occupational health and safety in a strong position to achieve the goals of the company. Improvement safety awareness and accountability of workers shall reduce or prevent accidents at work, and the company should be invested money in the OSH program with the minimum amount is US $ 207.17 per employee or US $ 0.12 per ton of coal produced. The investment of the people and money properly shall give significant impacts in preventing accidents to achieve zero accident vision in order to protect people, property, process and profit of the company for short or long term benefits, and will also give a good images for sustainable in mining business.

Aufbauend auf einem theoretisch fundierten Modell wurde in der Dissertation ein Instrument zur Erfassung der Qualität von Arbeitsschutzunterweisungen entwickelt. Die Überprüfung der Gütekriterien psychologischer Testverfahren erfolgte anhand von vier Studien. Durch eine Expertenbefragung (N = 56) wurde in der ersten Studie die Inhaltsvalidität der Vorversion des Messinstruments überprüft. Die anschließende Befragung von 578 Unterweisenden (Studie II) ermöglichte es, die Reliabilität und Konstruktvalidität des Instruments anhand verschiedener statistischer Kennzahlen darzustellen und zu optimieren. Zur Überprüfung der Kriteriumsvalidität wurden zwei verschiedene externe Kriterien herangezogen (Studie III: Befragung von 33 Experten; Studie IV: Befragung von 275 Mitarbeitern der Unterweisenden). Die Ergebnisse der Studien weisen eine gute Reliabilität sowie eine befriedigende Validität aus. Empfehlungen zur Optimierung der Güte des entwickelten Messinstruments werden gegeben. Based on a theoretically established model an instrument to measure the quality of safety and health instructions was developed in this dissertation. Four studies were conducted to review its quality. In the first study, content validity of a previous version of the instrument was checked by an expert survey (N = 56). The subsequent survey of 578 instructors in health and safety (study II) allowed to estimate and optimize the reliability and construct validity of the instrument using various statistical indexes. The external criterion validity was checked using two different criteria (study III: survey of 33 experts, study IV: survey of 275 employees of the instructors). The results of the studies indicate a good reliability and satisfactory validity. Recommendations for improving the quality of the instrument are given.

BACKGROUND: With regard to several tragic deaths of children because of child abuse and child maltreatment and some deficiency in the health situation of children in Germany interventions for prevention and health promotion were enhanced. This study aimed to improve the health related issues of families with toddlers in the former Kreis Aachen in Germany.METHODS: From 01/09/2008 to 28/02/2009 627 mothers of recent newborns in four obstetric clinics in the former Kreis Aachen were asked voluntarily and anonymous about their use of information supply and their needs for further information and support about child care. By differentiating the data into the five variables towns, socioeconomic status, migration background, mother’s age and family status the target group's specific requirements were determined. The explorative statistical analysis with the program SAS version 9.1 included evaluations of frequencies, chi-quare tests and multivariate logistic regressions. The level of significance were set at alpha=0,05, p

Unfallverhütung und Gesundheitsschutz am Arbeitsplatz sind in der Schweiz seit über hundert Jahren gesetzliche Pflichten der Unternehmen. Die Rechtsnormen sind Grundlage für Haftungsklagen und behördliche Kontrolle. Sie geben der Präventionsarbeit Gewicht, können sich aber als hinderlich erweisen, wenn die gesetzlichen Vorgaben nicht mehr zu den heutigen Anliegen passen.

Immer wieder ist eine nicht oder nur mangelhaft gesicherte Ladung Auslöser für Verkehrsunfälle: Experten schätzen, dass ca. 20% aller LKW-Unfälle durch eine nicht korrekt ausgeführte Ladungssicherung verursacht werden. Dabei gibt es insbesondere in Deutschland zahlreiche Regeln und Normen, um Ladungsverlust und Schäden zu verhindern. Auf europäischer Ebene fehlen - abgesehen von den Best Practise Guidelines - vergleichbare Standards, was im Transitland Deutschland immer wieder zu rechtlichen Problemen führt.

"In a recent large-scale naturalistic study, driver-passenger interactions were identified as a major source of driver distraction. According to this study, driver inattention to the road is often caused by conversation with passengers. This suggests that when driving and conversing with passengers, drivers attempt to bridge the visual communication gap with passengers by turning to look at them. In an online survey presented in this paper, responses confirmed that most drivers interact with their passengers while driving and and want eye contact during these interactions; however most would also prefer to keep their eyes on the road while driving. To address these conflicting preferences, a driving simulator user study was conducted with a monitor-based and a head-up display (HUD) video system. Results show that a video system can provide drivers with greater visual contact with passengers without degrading driving performance. Participants also had greater interest in using a HUD-based system." (author's abstract)

This paper introduces CARS, an open source driving simulator tool for evaluating driver distraction. We present the map editor, the driving simulation tool and the analysis tool included in CARS. Based on initial results from initial user studies we illustrate the effectiveness of CARS in evaluating different secondary tasks (e.g., compare different UIs for navigation systems) with regard to driver distraction. (author's abstract)

Viele eingehende Telefonanrufe ins Auto enden, sobald der Anrufer erfährt, dass sein Gesprächspartner gerade fährt. Solche Gespräche sind eine Störung für den Fahrer, ohne einen Nutzen zu bringen. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert ein Konzept zur Verbesserung der Telekommunikation im Auto, welches auf dem Austausch von Kontextinformationen zwischen dem Fahrer und dem Anrufer vor dem Aufbau einer Kommunikation beruht. Die Hauptziele des vorgestellten Konzeptes bestehen darin, unnötige Anrufe ins Auto zu verhindern oder zumindest zu reduzieren, ohne dass der Fahrer unerreichbar bleibt. Um die Bedeutung des umgebenden Kontextes für den Fahrer für die Erreichbarkeit und beim Telefonieren zu untersuchen, wurde eine umfangreiche Nutzerbefragung durchgeführt. Auf Basis dieser Daten wurde ein Prototyp mit dem Namen „InCA“-System entwickelt, um die Bedeutung des Austauschs von Kontextinformationen für den Fahrer und den Anrufer vor dem Aufbau einer Verbindung zu untersuchen. Dieser Prototyp wurde experimentell evaluiert und es zeigt sich ein großes Potential für die Verbesserung der Kommunikation durch den Austausch von Kontext vor dem Anruf. (Autorenreferat)

Die alten Schulgebäude waren wie Kasernen gebaut, die Schulhöfe wie deren Höfe. Mit Medienberichten über Unfälle und Gefahrensituationen auf Schulhöfen hatte in den 70er Jahren eine öffentliche Diskussion über die Gestaltung von Schulhöfen begonnen. Diese Diskussion führte in vielen Kommunen zu Umgestaltungen der Pausenhöfe. Karlheinz Burk hatte für den Arbeitskreis Grundschule um Erfahrungsberichte von Schulen gebeten. Daraus entstand auch der folgende Text, der über die Unfallverhütung weit hinaus Funktionen skizziert, die das Schulgelände als Lern- und Erfahrungsraum haben kann. (DIPF/Orig.)