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Summary Cereals and pseudo cereals (CPC) constitute the main staple diet of the global population. These are great source of carbohydrate, however, ignored as a potential source of protein. Cereals and Pseudo cereals can provide adequate amount of protein if taken in right quantity. Concerns over foods security, nutritional deficiencies, chronic hunger, and sustainability have brought attention to sustainable and alternative sources of protein derived from food and its byproducts. This review explains the extraction of protein from different cereals and pseudo cereals sources, novel extraction techniques, e.g., microwave assisted, ultrasound, pulsed electric field or high‐pressure processing etc., as well as pre‐treatment efficiencies of the recovery of protein, effects of process parameters on the amount of protein extractions, its isolations and possible utilisation in diversified fields. Commercial attempts have been made to extract and use the protein from CPC, but they remain largely underutilised and generally applicable to a small‐scale level. According to the current investigation, protein extraction from CPC is not only an extensive integration of extraction perspectives, process parameters, yield potential and quality, but also should focus on the nutritional aspects, functionality and bioavailability of the separated protein as a desirable dietary component is in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the process of ultrasound-assisted extraction of mangiferin from mango kernels. Through single factor experiments and Box-Behnken response surface design, investigated the effects of five factors: Material liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, ultrasound temperature, ultrasound time, and ultrasound power on the extraction rate of mangiferin. The results showed that the optimal extraction parameters were as follows: Ethanol concentration of 75%, liquid-to-solid ratio of 1:50 g/mL, ultrasonic temperature of 45 ℃, ultrasonic time of 40 min, and ultrasonic power of 288 W. Under this optimal process condition, the yield of mangiferin was 4.78%, with a predicted value of 4.75%. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the extraction of mangiferin from mango kernels.

Traditional methods of decorating silica shells with gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have problems with being time-consuming (usually over 10 h) and easy agglomeration. An ultrasonic–polymer collaborative-assisted synthesis method is presented in this article for the preparation of monodisperse gold nanoparticles decorated with controlled SiO2 shells (Au NPs@SiO2). Mercaptan-based poly-(ethylene glycol) (SH-PEG) was used to modify Au NPs to improve dispersibility. Then, an ultrasound technique was introduced to accelerate the formation of Au NPs@SiO2 with superior monodispersity within 2 h. Controlling the SiO2 shell thickness (7.2–31.1 nm) can be accomplished by changing the injection of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) during the synthesis process. An ultrasonic–polymer collaborative-assisted synthesis approach is proposed for the rapid and precise synthesis of monodisperse Au NPs@SiO2 nanoparticles with controllable shell thicknesses. In addition, a fluorescence nanoprobe with an adjustable shell Au NPs@SiO2 was constructed, resulting in a strong enhancement factor of 17 717. Moreover, 29 mg of Au NPs@SiO2 can be synthesized at once (generally less than 10 mg). This method will improve the synthesis of core–shell-structured nanomaterials and promote their application in the biomedical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catheter-based revascularization procedures were developed as an alternative to systemic thrombolysis for patients with intermediate-high- and high-risk pulmonary embolisms. USAT IH-PE is a retrospective and prospective multicenter registry of such patients treated with ultrasound-facilitated, catheter-directed thrombolysis, whose preliminary results are presented in this study. The primary endpoint was the incidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) at follow-up. Secondary endpoints were short- and mid-term changes in the echocardiographic parameters of right ventricle (RV) function, in-hospital and all-cause mortality, and procedure-related bleeding events. Between March 2018 and July 2023, 102 patients were included. The majority were at intermediate–high-risk PE (86%), were mostly female (57%), and had a mean age of 63.7 ± 14.5 years, and 28.4% had active cancer. Echocardiographic follow-up was available for 70 patients, and in only one, the diagnosis of PH was confirmed by right heart catheterization, resulting in an incidence of 1.43% (CI 95%, 0.036–7.7). RV echocardiographic parameters improved both at 24 h and at follow-up. In-hospital mortality was 3.9% (CI 95%, 1.08–9.74), while all-cause mortality was 11% (CI 95%, 5.4–19.2). Only 12% had bleeding complications, of whom 4.9% were BARC ≥ 3. Preliminary results from the USAT IH-PE registry showed a low incidence of PH, improvement in RV function, and a safe profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Abstract This comprehensive review delves into the realm of fruit seed proteins, examining their extraction methods, physicochemical properties, and functional characteristics. These proteins exhibit tremendous potential for diverse applications within the food industry. By gaining insights into efficient extraction techniques and understanding the physicochemical and functional properties of fruit seed proteins, researchers and industry professionals can harness their advantages to develop innovative food products. Various extraction methods, such as acid alkali, microwave‐assisted, ultrasound‐assisted, reverse micelle extraction, and the Box–Behnken experimental design, have been used for extracting proteins from a range of fruit seeds, including jackfruit, kiwi, watermelon, date palm, and grape seeds. The selection of these methods was based on their efficiency, protein yield, and compatibility with fruit seed proteins, with any associated limitations duly acknowledged by the researchers. The review also explores physicochemical characterization techniques such as Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy, used specifically for jackfruit seed protein, while delving into essential functional properties including solubility, water‐binding capacity, oil‐binding capacity, emulsifying capacity, foaming capacity, and bulk density. These properties play a crucial role in determining the suitability of fruit seed proteins for various food applications, significantly impacting factors like texture, crispiness, and color. Waste fruit seeds, often overlooked, can serve as a valuable source of proteins, possessing multifunctional properties encompassing nutrition, structure, enzymes, emulsification, foaming, gelation, and thickening. However, compared to other protein sources, fruit seed proteins have received limited scientific attention, rendering this review a distinctive and valuable contribution to the existing literature by offering comprehensive insights into extraction methods and properties.

Cellulose acetate is an important product derived from cellulose. Cellulose acetate can be used in a variety of applications including coatings, textile fibers, consumer goods, filtration membranes, composites, laminates, pharmaceutical, and medical items. Rice husk is a lignocellulosic material that contains cellulose and hemicellulose. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of process variables on the cellulose acetate product formation by ultrasound-assisted acetylation using iodine as a catalyst and to characterize the cellulose acetate product. The research was conducted through the delignification, bleaching, acetylation, and characterization processes. The results showed that the optimum yield of cellulose acetate was obtained at the temperature of 60 °C, the reaction time of 50 min, the weight of the catalyst of 10% of cellulose weight, and the ratio of cellulose and acetic anhydride of 1:5 (w/v). The acetylation process using iodine as a catalyst with an ultrasound-assisted method was more effective than the conventional acetylation (acetic acid glacial and sulfuric acid as a catalyst). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catheter-based revascularization procedures were developed as an alternative to systemic thrombolysis for patients with intermediate-high- and high-risk pulmonary embolisms. USAT IH-PE is a retrospective and prospective multicenter registry of such patients treated with ultrasound-facilitated, catheter-directed thrombolysis, whose preliminary results are presented in this study. The primary endpoint was the incidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) at follow-up. Secondary endpoints were short- and mid-term changes in the echocardiographic parameters of right ventricle (RV) function, in-hospital and all-cause mortality, and procedure-related bleeding events. Between March 2018 and July 2023, 102 patients were included. The majority were at intermediate–high-risk PE (86%), were mostly female (57%), and had a mean age of 63.7 ± 14.5 years, and 28.4% had active cancer. Echocardiographic follow-up was available for 70 patients, and in only one, the diagnosis of PH was confirmed by right heart catheterization, resulting in an incidence of 1.43% (CI 95%, 0.036–7.7). RV echocardiographic parameters improved both at 24 h and at follow-up. In-hospital mortality was 3.9% (CI 95%, 1.08–9.74), while all-cause mortality was 11% (CI 95%, 5.4–19.2). Only 12% had bleeding complications, of whom 4.9% were BARC ≥ 3. Preliminary results from the USAT IH-PE registry showed a low incidence of PH, improvement in RV function, and a safe profile.

The aim of this study was to determine the ability to improve the capacity of cold swelling and cold-water solubility of rice starch by ultrasonic-assisted alcohol-alkaline and alcohol-alkaline methods. To achieve this, ultrasound powers (U) were varied (30%, 70%, 100%) under the granular cold-water swelling starch (GCWSS) preparation (GCWSS + 30 %U, GCWSS + 70 %U, and GCWSS + 100 %U). The effects of these methods on morphological, pasting properties, amylose content, ratio of 1047/1022 spectra by FTIR, turbidity, freeze–thaw stability, and gel texture were also studied and compared. The results showed that the surface of GCWSS granules presented a honeycomb especially GCWSS + U treatments exhibited more porous on the surface of starch granules. The cold swelling power and solubility of GCWSS + U samples were increased which confirmed by reducing ratio of ordered structure to amorphous structure of starch, and turbidity was also decreased. Moreover, pasting temperature, breakdown, final viscosity, and setback decreased while peak viscosity increased as measured using a Rapid Visco Analyzer. The freeze–thaw stability of GCWSS + U was more resistant to syneresis than GCWSS under repeated freeze–thaw cycles. The reduction of gel hardness and springiness was observed using Texture Analyzer. These changes were enhanced with increasing ultrasound powers. Thus, the results indicate that the different ultrasound-assisted alcohol-alkaline treatments for preparing GCWSS show an effective use in the preparation of GCWSS with improved cold-water swelling and reduced retrogradation of rice starch.

Copyright of Food & Machinery is the property of Food & Machinery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to select the best green extraction technique to recover the bioactive compounds in Calabrian Bergamot waste (Pomace). Different experimental variables such as solvent, time, and temperature were tested and the main physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity and constituents, such as total flavonoids, individual flavonoids, and limonoids (UHPLC-DAD) were analyzed. Later, the best extraction methodology was applied to characterize the individual portions that compose the bergamot pomace (albedo/pulp, seeds, and juice) of three different Calabrian cultivars: Fantastico, Femminello, and Castagnaro. Results of this study evidence that bergamot waste possesses a high antioxidant content that can be potentially used for further applications in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea buckthorn pomace (SBP) is produced in large amounts during the processing of berries for the production of oil and juice. Although it is rarely used, the pomace still contains valuable bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids, tocopherols and phenolic compounds. The aim of our study was to evaluate the efficiency of carotenoid extraction from SBP, using green solvents (ethyl acetate - ETA, ethyl lactate - ETL, cyclopentyl methyl ether - CPME, methyl tetrahydrofuran - MeTHF and cold pressed sunflower oil - SFL), compared with a mix of organic solvents. Moreover, two extraction methods were applied: conventional solid-liquid extraction (maceration) and ultrasound assisted extraction. Total and individual carotenoids in the extracts were determined by HPLC-PDA and the antioxidant activity by DPPH assay. The total carotenoid extracted ranged from 45.32 mg/100 g powder (ETA) to 64.31 mg/100 g powder for OS mixture, when maceration was applied. When UAE method was used, the total carotenoids ranged between 45.75-65.82 mg/100 g powder, with the highest value being obtained for CPME, closely followed by MeTHF. CPME was the most efficient in extracting zeaxanthin esters and carotenes, while ETL was the most efficient for extracting free zeaxanthin. Except for sunflower oil, for all the tested solvents UAE gave better yields than conventional solid-liquid extraction. The extracts obtained with green solvents displayed antioxidant activity and there was a positive correlation between the amount of carotenoids in the extract and the inhibition of DPPH radical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obiective: In the study, corn bran powder was used as raw material, and the cell wall was destroyed by ultrasonic vibration and enzymatic hydrolysis, so that corn bran polysaccharide could be dissolved more fully. Methods: The extracted amount of polysaccharide was taken as the index, response surface test optimization was carried out on the basis of single factor test. And the antioxidant activity of corn bran polysaccharide was determined. Results: The optimal extraction process of corn bran polysaccharide was obtained as follows: mass ratio of cellulase to pectinase 2∶1, enzyme dosage was 2% of the quality of corn bran powder, enzymatic hydrolysis time 50 min, ultrasonic treatment 15 min, and solid-liquid ratio （mcorn bran powder∶Vdistilled water） 1∶15 （g/mL）. At this time, the average amount of extracted corn bran polysaccharide was 23.36 μg/g. The extracted corn bran polysaccharide had a certain total reducing capacity, scavenging DPPH free radical and hydroxyl radical ability, and it increased with the increase of mass concentration, when the mass concentration of corn bran polysaccharide sample was 0.2~1.0 mg/mL. Conclusion: Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method could extract more polysaccharides than single enzymatic method, and the extract could maintain efficient antioxidant capacity.

Since boron powder has the highest volume energy density, it has long been desired for use as fuel in aerospace and other fields. However, boron has poor ignition performance and low combustion efficiency due to uneven microstructure and oxide layers of boron. Here, we report a facile strategy to prepare zero-dimensional boron nanospheres from micrometer-scale amorphous boron through ultrasound-assisted in-situ stabilization of heteroatoms for inhibition of boron oxide layer by using hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) and 4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol (BPS) polycondensation and carbonization. The diameter of the obtained boron nanospheres was in the range of 500–800 nm, which is the smallest reported diameter of regular boron nanoparticles. The initial reaction temperature of CPZS@B-1.0 decreased from 791.1 to 641.7 °C, and the ignition delay time of 20 wt% CPZS@B-1.0/RP-3 nanofluid fuel decreased to 393 ms. The addition of CPZS@B promoted RP-3 oxidation at both low temperatures (<200 °C) and high temperatures (>200 °C) by in-situ FTIR analysis. Notably, the prepared zero-dimensional nano-boron exhibited removal of surface oxidation and complete combustion degree (from 42.06 % to 80.36 %). This work provides a new method for the preparation of nano-boron and a solution for increasing the fuel energy density of hydrocarbon fuels. [Display omitted] • Zero-dimensional boron nanospheres were prepared through ultrasound-assisted in-situ stabilization of heteroatoms. • The diameter of the zero-dimensional boron is currently the smallest reported diameter of regular boron nanoparticles. • 20 wt% CPZS@B-1.0/RP-3 nanofluid fuel exhibited excellent ignition and considerably enhanced combustion performance. • Dual functional catalysis of the coated CPZS layer for both boron and RP-3 was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study deals with the multiobjective optimization (MOO) of retrofitted in situ algal biodiesel process. Transesterification of the algal lipids is intensified using ultrasonication and catalyzed using the ionic liquid catalyst. Process includes the retrofitting of two conventional distillation columns into a dividing wall column (DWC), which is further intensified using multistage vapor recompression (DWC-MVR) in order to decrease the energy consumption and CO 2 emission from the process. Excel based hybridised multiobjective differential evolutionary dynamic local search (HMODE-DLS) algorithm is used for the constrained MOO, whereas Aspen Plus is used for the process development. Break even cost (BEC), eco indicator (EI99) and individual risk (IR) are considered as objectives to evaluate economic, environmental impact, and safety of process, respectively. Initially, bi-objective case studies were analyzed and finally, all three objectives are studied in one case. Pareto optimal solutions obtained from HMODE-DLS algorithm are then ranked by the simple additive weighted method to find out the best solution. MOO resulted in the significant decrease in BEC (~20%), EI99 (~48%) and IR (~10%). [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • MOO of ultrasound-intensified and IL catalyzed in situ algal biodiesel production. • Optimization of economic, environmental and safety indicators. • Elitist NSGA-II algorithm implemented in VBA is interfaced with Aspen Plus. • Net flow method is used for identification of best solution. • Savings in TAC, organic waste, IR & CO 2 emission: 15%, 33%, 9% & 37%, respectively. The current study focuses on the multiobjective optimization of an ultrasound intensified and ionic liquid catalyzed in situ transesterification of wet microalgae for renewable biodiesel production. The process is developed and simulated in Aspen Plus V10 simulator and an excel based multiobjective optimization (EMOO) programme for the elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II is used for optimization. Total Annual Cost, i.e. TAC (representing economics), organic waste (representing cleaner production), individual risk, i.e. IR (representing risk to the human capital), and CO 2 emission (representing environment) are chosen as the objectives for the constrained optimization of this process. The results show that the TAC reduces with the increase in the generation of organic waste, CO 2 emission and IR. This article contemplates and articulates the reasons for the obtained trade-offs between objectives. The quantitative trade-offs between objectives aid to the better decision making about the process design and operation while satisfying economic, environmental and safety concerns. Finally, net flow method (NFM) has been implemented for the identification of best suitable solution in the Pareto-optimal fronts. Simultaneous optimization of all four objectives resulted in the impressive savings in TAC (∼15%), organic waste (∼33%), IR (∼9%), and CO 2 emission (∼37%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, high frequency and low power ultrasound without external heating source and mechanical stirring in biodiesel production were studied. Transesterification of soybean oil with methanol and catalyzed by KOH was investigated using ultrasound equipment and ultrasonic transducer. The effect of ultrasonic output power (3 W–9 W), ultrasonic frequency (1 MHz and 3 MHz), and alcohol to oil molar ratio (6:1 and 8:1) have been investigated. The increase in ultrasonic power provided higher conversion rates. In addition, higher conversion rates were obtained by increasing the ultrasonic frequency from 1 MHz to 3 MHz (48.7% to 79.5%) for the same reaction time. Results also indicate that the speed of sound can be used to evaluate the produced biodiesel qualitatively. Further, the ultrasound system presented electric consumption (46.2 W∙h) four times lower than achieved using the conventional method (211.7 W∙h and 212.3 W∙h). Thus, biodiesel production using low power ultrasound in the MHz frequency range is a promising technology that could contribute to biodiesel production processes.

An innovative environmentally friendly deep eutectic solvent-based ligandless ultrasound-assisted liquid-phase microextraction was introduced for spectrophotometric determination of trace amount of cobalt. n-phenyliminodiacetic acid: choline chloride (2:1 mol ratio) as a novel DES was prepared for extraction of cobalt ions which is both as chelating agent and extraction solvent. The pivotal factors affecting the proposed method including pH, time, temperature, extraction solvent volume, ionic strength, and sample volume were investigated. At optimum conditions, limit of detection and limit of quantification of 5.23 µg L−1 and 17.67 µg L−1 were achieved respectively. The linear range of 20–200 µg L−1 and precision (relative standard deviation %) of 3.4 for 100 µg L−1 Co+2 solution were gained. The proposed method was successfully applied in water samples, tomato sauce, black and green tea, and dark chocolate with high recovery values (%) of 94–105. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, highly dispersion sulfonated graphene was prepared with an ultrasound-assisted method. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize sulfonated graphene. According to whether sulfonated graphene and adhesive were separately formulated, they were divided into two different antistatic liquid preparation methods, and then conventional dip-roll-bake process was applied for antistatic finishing. The finished fabrics showed fine uniformity, and the maximum tensile force of finished fabric was slightly increased compared to the unfinished; the antistatic finished fabric still showed good antistatic performance after being washed 20 times, among them the electrostatic half-period of No. 3 and No. 4 samples were 1.71 s and 1.81 s and rated A grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An efficient, promoted tri-component catalytic reaction between barbituric acid (or N,N-dimethyl barbituric acid), 4-hydroxy coumarin, and a wide range of aryl aldehydes using zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) to obtain some new 4-hydroxychromenylarylmethyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine-2,4-diones is described. Method: The reactants were successfully condensed via three C-C bond formation by zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) as an efficient, environmentally safe and recyclable nano catalyst to produce target molecules. In addition, the biological effects of synthesized products by the use of DPPH and acyclovir as positive controls and also Hep-2, vero cell, HSV-1, and adenovirus as four applied cell lines have been evaluated. Results: The results showed that synthesized products have anti-oxidant, cytotoxic and anti-viral activities and can offer promising prospect as biologically active agents. Conclusion: This achievement in an efficient and eco-friendly synthesis of novel analogous of hybrid molecules in aqueous media with special biological properties may engross chemists and pharmacologists as well as pharmacists in future.

In this study, we evaluated the effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) under different time-temperature conditions on the content of bioactive compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Syrah grape skin residue. The application of UAE showed a positive effect on the extraction of total flavonoids, and a negative effect on total polyphenols. The temperature of 40 °C and 60 °C without the UAE caused an increase of 260% and 287% of the total polyphenols, respectively. Nineteen individually bioactive compounds were quantified. The anthocyanin concentration (malvidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside 118.8–324.5 mg/100 g) showed high variation, to a lesser extent for phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavonols, procyanidins and stilbenes due to the UAE process. The Syrah grape skin residue has a high concentration of total phenolic compounds of 196–733.7 mg·GAE/100 g and a total flavonoid content of 9.8–40.0 mg·QE/100 g. The results of free radical scavenging activity (16.0–48.7 mg/100 mL, as EC50) and its inhibition of microbial growth (0.16 mg/mL, as EC50 for S. aureus, and 0.04 mg/mL, as EC50 for E. coli) by grape skin extract (UAE 40:20) indicate high antioxidant and antibacterial activity. It was concluded that the use of ultrasound needs further analysis for its application in this context, as it has shown deleterious effects on some compounds of interest. Syrah grape skin residue has potential as a source of bioactive antioxidants, antimicrobial activity and for use as a functional food ingredient.

An ultrasonic-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction was developed by a multi-stimuli responsive molecularly imprinted polymer based on chain transfer agent-modified chitosan nanoparticles for enrichment and separation of trace capecitabine in a real sample. The synthesized particles were carefully characterized and it was found that a uniform pH-sensitive imprinted polymeric shell is obtained on the surface of Fe3O4@chitosan core with enough saturation magnetization (29 emu g−1). Desirable adsorption capacity (91 mg g−1) and high imprinting factor (IF = 3.6) toward capecitabine were exhibited by the Langmuir isotherm model. Under optimized conditions, which were achieved by experimental design, the detection limit (S/N = 3) was 1.9 ng mL−1. The obtained relative mean recoveries of capecitabine using high-performance liquid chromatography were in the range of 93 to 102% in a human plasma sample with RSD less than 5.5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Bu çalışmada, ultrasonik prosesör destekli solüsyon esaslı bir kimyasal yöntem Li-iyon piller için kalay esaslı grafen kompozit elektrotların sentezi için geliştirilmiştir. Hummers metodu ile pulcuk grafitten üretilen grafen tabakaları üzerine SnCl2.2H2O başlangıç malzemesi kullanılarak SnO2 nanotozları büyütülmüştür. Kompozit elektrotlar taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), X-ışını difraktometresi ve termal analiz teknikleri ile karakterize edilmiştir. Üretilen kompozit elektrotlar CR2016 Li-iyon düğme tipi hücreye anot olarak bağlanmış ve şarj-deşarj çevrim testleri ve çevrimli voltametre analizleri yapılmıştır. Yüksek performanslı kalay esaslı elektrot malzemesinin hacim genleşmesi problemini aşmak için malzemenin grafen tabakaları üzerine büyütülmesi ile uzun çevrim ömrü elde edilmiştir. Tek adımda üretilen SnO2-grafen nanokompozitinden hazırlanan elektrottan 100 çevrim sonunda 385 mAhg-1 değerinde spesifik kapasite elde edilmiştir.

Ultrasound-promoted N-aminomethylation of indoles can be achieved in basic medium using sodium hydride and dichloromethane (DCM) as C1 donor source. This innovative amino methylation protocol results in good to excellent yields of multifunctional indole derivatives. The procedure is also applicable to other aza-heterocyclic compounds and, interestingly, affords direct access to aminomethyl-substituted aryl alcohols.

• An efficient technology that ultrasound assisted surface micro-dissolution in ZnCl 2 solution was designed. • Without adding any chemical adhesives. • Ultrasonic-assisted process has a positive effect on improving the functional stability of treated fabrics. In this paper, a simple and environment friendly approach was used to prepare the multifunctional composite fabrics via coating commercial TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface of cotton fibers by surface micro-dissolution process in 55%wt ZnCl 2 aqueous solution under the aid of ultrasound without any adhesive. The TiO 2 /cotton composite fabrics were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal gravity (TG) methods. The treated fabric had photocatalytic property in Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation, and had good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) cultures. The results of contamination degradation and antibacterial experiments confirmed that ultrasonic vibration had a significant effect on the tightly coating of nanoparticles on cotton fiber surface in the process of micro-dissolution. Even after intense ultrasonic washing, the contamination degradation rate and antibacterial efficiency of S3 (with ultrasonic) still reach 95% and 99% respectively, while S4 (without ultrasonic) only remained 72% and 59% of S2, which was attributed that ultrasonic facilitated the entry and load of nanoparticles onto the fabrics. The mechanical property of treated cotton fabrics kept well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products is the property of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Khoonphal (Haematocarpus validus) is an underutilised fruit with a delicately flavoured juice considered to have therapeutic properties. The present work aimed to evaluate the overall acceptability of the juice after different treatments using the fuzzy logic approach. The effects of ultrasound, microwave and conventional thermal treatment on sensory attributes were studied. Twenty trained panellists were considered for the sensory evaluation of the juice samples. Results from the fuzzy modelling showed that sample 4 (ultrasound assisted microwave treated sample) was the most acceptable and ranked as "very good" as compared to the other samples. The ranking of the juice samples in the increasing order of acceptability was T4 > T3 > T1 > T2 while the rank order of the quality attributes was colour > taste > flavour > mouth Feel. The results of the quality attributes showed that the highest importance was obtained for colour while the least was for mouth feel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • A simple method for the determination of Ni and Co traces in vegetable and herb samples. • By using ion-pairing agent, metal complexes extracted into 1-dodecanol more efficiently. • By using ultrasound mass transfer of the analyte into the extraction phase increased. • Ultrasound assisted extraction was completed in a short time. Abstract In the proposed work an ultrasound assisted ion pair based surfactant-enhanced dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UA-IPSE-DLLME) with solidification of floating organic drop was studied for preconcentration and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) determination of nickel and cobalt ions in vegetable and herb samples. Congo Red (CR) and didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDMAC) were used as complexing and ion-pairing agents, respectively. By using ion-pairing agent CR-metal complexes gained more hydrophobic character and extracted into 1-dodecanol more efficiently. Some parameters affect extraction efficiency were studied and some analytical characteristics of the method were calculated. Under optimized conditions, detection limit of 1.7 μg L−1 and 2.4 μg L−1, quantification limit of 5.6 μg L−1 and 7.9 μg L−1 and enrichment factors of 65 and 48 were obtained for nickel and cobalt, respectively. Relative standard deviation (n = 7) for 100 μg L−1 nickel and cobalt were 3.6% and 3.8%, respectively. The proposed UA-IPSE-DLLME method has been successfully applied for the determination of nickel and cobalt ions in certified reference materials and some food samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Ultrasound-assisted oil extraction from Moringa peregrina seeds was studied. • The results show that sonication time and solvent amount are the key process variables. • Oil extraction increases with solvent-to-seed ratio and extraction time. • The ultrasound assisted oil extraction method enhances the oil yields by 10%. Abstract In this paper, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of oil from Moringa peregrina seeds was studied and compared with the Soxhlet method. Based on the response surface methodology (RSM), the extraction process variables such as liquid-to solid ratio, ultrasound power, extraction time and temperature were investigated to achieve the highest yield. By screening these parameters, it was concluded that liquid-to-solid ratio (mL/g) and extraction time were the significant parameters for oil extraction from Moringa peregrina using ultrasound treatment. The best possible range for liquid-to-solid ratio (5–20 mL/g), extraction time (5–30 min), and optimum ultrasound power (348 W) as well as extraction temperature (30 °C) was obtained according to the single factor experiments. Afterward, the optimum process conditions which were determined by central composition design (CCD) to reach the maximum oil extraction yield (53.101%) were found to be 26.3 min for extraction time and 17.8 mL/g for liquid-to-solid ratio. In addition, the gas chromatography analysis and the physiochemical characteristics of oil extracts obtained through UAE and Soxhlet techniques including peroxide value (PV), antioxidant activity (DPPH%), total phenolic content (TPC), iodine value (IV), thermal stability, crystallization and melting behavior were determined and compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • IH melanin was isolated and analyzed for the first time. • IH melanin was produced by solid fermentation. • IH melanin was characterized by SEM, DLS, UV, IR, EPR and elemental analysis. • The ultrasonic-assisted extraction process parameters of IH melanin were determined. • IH melanin had a good stability. Abstract In this study, solid-state fermentation was used to produce Inonotus hispidus melanin (IH melanin). Its physicochemical properties were characterized, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction was used to optimize its extraction process. Characterization techniques like elemental analysis and so on were used to identify melanin. The solubility, stability, and antioxidant activity were also measured. Furthermore, the extraction process of IH melanin was optimized. The results showed that the pigment could be defined as dihydroxy phenylalanine (DOPA)-melanin, it displayed irregular spherical and ellipsoidal structures with average size of 89.33 nm. Melanin has a specific stability and shows antioxidant activity. The optimal extraction parameters of melanin were a NaOH concentration of 0.56 mol/L, solid-liquid ratio of 1:50, ultrasonic power of 300 W, extraction temperature of 70 °C, and ultrasonic time of 70 min. This study was the first time that IH melanin was obtained. The results may be applied to health food or food additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on the production of electrodeposited nickel matrix composite coatings containing Ti nanoparticles and on the modification of the process parameters in order to maximise the codeposited particles content as well as obtaining a uniform distribution along the coating thickness. The deposition was carried out using a Ni sulphamate plating bath with different amounts of Ti nanoparticles. The plating parameters such as current density, current type (direct, DC, or pulsed, PC) and the use of ultrasound during the deposition have been modified. The specimens produced have had their microstructure, chemical composition and microhardness analysed. It was found that the increase of the particle concentration in the plating bath up to 40 g L−1 leads to an increase of the amount of codeposited particles. The use of ultrasound prevents agglomeration of the particles, leads to a more uniform distribution and increases the Ti content. However, it induces microstructural defects in the matrix. These defects can be limited by increasing the current density or by using pulsed current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel is a non-toxic and renewable fuel produced by a transesterification reaction between alcohol and vegetable oil. The objective of this paper is to optimize the ultrasound-assisted production of biodiesel. The central composite design method was used to optimize the transesterification reaction conditions of biodiesel production from peanut oil. The independent variables investigated in the course of the experiment include the catalyst concentration, the reaction time, and the ultrasonic amplitude. The reaction was done by employing ultrasound under set conditions of atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature. A statistical model predicted the optimum conversion yield of peanut biodiesel to be 100.00% under the following optimum experimental conditions: ultrasonic amplitude equals 69.7%, catalyst concentration equals 0.88% weight percent catalyst, and reaction time of 39.38 s. Also, such conditions led to obtaining the linear equation for predicting the conversion yield of biodiesel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), PtCu and PtOs nanocatalysts were prepared using the ultrasound-assisted method to directly enhance methanol fuel cell (DMFC) performance. Ultrasonic applications are safe from laboratory to industry and from environmental impacts on energy applications. It was aimed to strengthen Pt/Cu and Pt/Os dispersion with platinum nanocatalyst directly stabilized by copper (Cu) and osmium (Os) ligands and to increase active surface area by using ultrasonication method. Then, these prepared monodisperse nanomaterials for characterization techniques have been used as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and induced paired plasma optical emission spectrometry. The results obtained show that methanol crossover has been found to decrease significantly when reaching the value of the large stable open-circuit voltage of the DMFC under the ultrasound-assisted system. Polarization performance does not change significantly. For this reason, in an ultrasound-assisted process, increased energy density of DMFC in high methanol concentration improves operating performance. The membrane electrode assembly having PtOs and PtCu provided the highest performance with the peak power density of 0.582 and 0.489 mW/cm2 at a temperature of 120 ∘C and concentration methanol of 4 M, respectively. Based on the results of the stability tests, a commercial cathode catalyst was developed from PtCu and PtOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract LiFePO 4 /graphene (LiFePO 4 /G) cathode material was prepared by a facile ultrasound assisted high temperature ball milling method. Ultrasound assisted was found to be effective to promote the dispersing of the precursor in solution. Physical and electrochemical properties of LiFePO 4 /G were studied. The results exhibited that graphene combined with the LiFePO 4 clusters giving rise to a conductive network. LiFePO 4 /G displayed a well-crystallized LiFePO 4 structure and excellent electrochemical performance. The initial discharge capacities of LiFePO 4 /G were 162.8, 156.8, 151.9, 145.8, 137.5 and 121.6 mAhg−1 at rates of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0 and 10 C, respectively. Moreover, at 0.1 C-rate, the capacity was 160.4 mAhg−1 over 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 98.5%. It is concluded that graphene is a conductive additive which can enhance the electrochemical properties of LiFePO 4. Highlights • LiFePO 4 /graphene was obtained by ultrasound assisted high temperature ball milling. • Graphene coating on LiFePO 4 improved its electronic conductivity. • The obtained LiFePO 4 /graphene exhibited an excellent electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Granular cold-water swelling starch (GCWSS) with ultrasound treatment decreased the amylose content of rice starch and changed the pasting properties. • GCWSS with aid of ultrasound could quickly swell into cold water. • Ultrasound treatment generated porous on the surface of the GCWSS granules and enhanced water absorption increased. • Ultrasound treatment decreased turbidity and retrogradation of GCWSS starch. The aim of this study was to determine the ability to improve the capacity of cold swelling and cold-water solubility of rice starch by ultrasonic-assisted alcohol-alkaline and alcohol-alkaline methods. To achieve this, ultrasound powers (U) were varied (30%, 70%, 100%) under the granular cold-water swelling starch (GCWSS) preparation (GCWSS + 30 %U, GCWSS + 70 %U, and GCWSS + 100 %U). The effects of these methods on morphological, pasting properties, amylose content, ratio of 1047/1022 spectra by FTIR, turbidity, freeze–thaw stability, and gel texture were also studied and compared. The results showed that the surface of GCWSS granules presented a honeycomb especially GCWSS + U treatments exhibited more porous on the surface of starch granules. The cold swelling power and solubility of GCWSS + U samples were increased which confirmed by reducing ratio of ordered structure to amorphous structure of starch, and turbidity was also decreased. Moreover, pasting temperature, breakdown, final viscosity, and setback decreased while peak viscosity increased as measured using a Rapid Visco Analyzer. The freeze–thaw stability of GCWSS + U was more resistant to syneresis than GCWSS under repeated freeze–thaw cycles. The reduction of gel hardness and springiness was observed using Texture Analyzer. These changes were enhanced with increasing ultrasound powers. Thus, the results indicate that the different ultrasound-assisted alcohol-alkaline treatments for preparing GCWSS show an effective use in the preparation of GCWSS with improved cold-water swelling and reduced retrogradation of rice starch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]