44 results on '"Turnquist SE"'
Search Results
2. Splenic hemangiosarcoma and concurrent ossifying gastric adenocarcinoma in a dog
- Author
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Turnquist, SE, primary, Cohn, LA, additional, and Reed, A, additional
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- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Evaluation of novel oral vaccine candidates and validation of a caprine model of Johne's disease.
- Author
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Hines ME 2nd, Turnquist SE, Ilha MR, Rajeev S, Jones AL, Whittington L, Bannantine JP, Barletta RG, Gröhn YT, Katani R, Talaat AM, Li L, and Kapur V
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Animal Structures microbiology, Animal Structures pathology, Animals, Bacterial Shedding, Goat Diseases immunology, Goat Diseases microbiology, Goat Diseases pathology, Goats, Paratuberculosis immunology, Paratuberculosis microbiology, Paratuberculosis pathology, Vaccines, Vaccines, Attenuated administration & dosage, Vaccines, Attenuated immunology, Bacterial Vaccines administration & dosage, Bacterial Vaccines immunology, Disease Models, Animal, Goat Diseases prevention & control, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis immunology, Paratuberculosis prevention & control
- Abstract
Johne's disease (JD) caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is a major threat to the dairy industry and possibly some cases of Crohn's disease in humans. A MAP vaccine that reduced of clinical disease and/or reduced fecal shedding would aid in the control of JD. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the efficacy of 5 attenuated strains of MAP as vaccine candidates compared to a commercial control vaccine using the protocol proposed by the Johne's Disease Integrated Program (JDIP) Animal Model Standardization Committee (AMSC), and (2) to validate the AMSC Johne's disease goat challenge model. Eighty goat kids were vaccinated orally twice at 8 and 10 weeks of age with an experimental vaccine or once subcutaneously at 8 weeks with Silirum® (Zoetis), or a sham control oral vaccine at 8 and 10 weeks. Kids were challenged orally with a total of approximately 1.44 × 10(9) CFU divided in two consecutive daily doses using MAP ATCC-700535 (K10-like bovine isolate). All kids were necropsied at 13 months post-challenge. Results indicated that the AMSC goat challenge model is a highly efficient and valid model for JD challenge studies. None of the experimental or control vaccines evaluated prevented MAP infection or eliminated fecal shedding, although the 329 vaccine lowered the incidence of infection, fecal shedding, tissue colonization and reduced lesion scores, but less than the control vaccine. Based on our results the relative performance ranking of the experimental live-attenuated vaccines evaluated, the 329 vaccine was the best performer, followed by the 318 vaccine, then 316 vaccine, 315 vaccine and finally the 319 vaccine was the worst performer. The subcutaneously injected control vaccine outperformed the orally-delivered mutant vaccine candidates. Two vaccines (329 and 318) do reduce presence of JD gross and microscopic lesions, slow progression of disease, and one vaccine (329) reduced fecal shedding and tissue colonization.
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- 2014
- Full Text
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4. Spontaneous tumor incidence in rasH2 mice: review of internal data and published literature.
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Nambiar PR, Turnquist SE, and Morton D
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- Animals, Body Weight, Carcinogenicity Tests, Female, Male, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Neoplasms, Experimental chemically induced, Neoplasms, Experimental pathology, Phenotype, Survival Analysis, Disease Models, Animal, Genes, ras, Neoplasms, Experimental genetics
- Abstract
Alternate transgenic mouse models are accepted as replacements for the standard carcinogenicity mouse bioassay by regulatory agencies with a companion 2-year rat bioassay. The slower rate of industry acceptance of these shorter transgenic mouse cancer bioassays has been due to lack of historical data and diagnostic criteria, and the use of nonstandardized terminologies in published data. To address these issues, especially that of generating a large historical database, a retrospective analysis of the spontaneous tumor incidences in rasH2 mice from internally sponsored 6-month carcinogenicity studies was compared to the published literature. Incidences of common spontaneous tumors (incidences > 1%) observed in these studies were lung bronchiolo-alveolar adenomas (mean 3.9-9.9%; range 0-18%), lung bronchiolo-alveolar adenocarcinomas (mean 1.4-2.4%; range 0-5%), splenic hemangiosarcomas (mean 3.0-3.9%; range 0-17%), cutaneous squamous cell papillomas (mean 1.1-1.2%; range 0-4%), Harderian gland adenoma (mean 0.8-1.2%; range 0-4%), and hepatocellular adenomas (mean 1.8%; 0-9% in males only). The remarkable similarity in the tumor incidences in multiple rasH2 studies over a decade and the observed stability of the inserted human gene are important indicators of the minimal drift in this model. Overall, the historical control data for spontaneous neoplasms should assist in the interpretation of future rasH2 mouse studies.
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- 2012
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5. Nonclinical safety evaluation of sunitinib: a potent inhibitor of VEGF, PDGF, KIT, FLT3, and RET receptors.
- Author
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Patyna S, Arrigoni C, Terron A, Kim TW, Heward JK, Vonderfecht SL, Denlinger R, Turnquist SE, and Evering W
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- Adrenal Glands drug effects, Adrenal Glands pathology, Animals, Antineoplastic Agents administration & dosage, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacokinetics, Bone Marrow drug effects, Bone Marrow pathology, Female, Gastrointestinal Tract drug effects, Gastrointestinal Tract pathology, Growth Plate drug effects, Growth Plate pathology, Incisor drug effects, Incisor pathology, Indoles administration & dosage, Indoles pharmacokinetics, Lymphoid Tissue drug effects, Lymphoid Tissue pathology, Macaca fascicularis, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Neovascularization, Pathologic chemically induced, Neovascularization, Pathologic pathology, Ovary drug effects, Ovary pathology, Pancreas drug effects, Pancreas pathology, Pyrroles administration & dosage, Pyrroles pharmacokinetics, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Recovery of Function drug effects, Signal Transduction drug effects, Sunitinib, Antineoplastic Agents toxicity, Indoles toxicity, Pyrroles toxicity, Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Toxicity Tests, Chronic methods
- Abstract
Sunitinib malate (SUTENT) is a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor that is approved multinationally for the treatment of imatinib-resistant/-intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumor and advanced renal cell carcinoma. This paper characterizes the organ toxicity of sunitinib in Sprague-Dawley rats and cynomolgus monkeys, and the reversibility of any treatment-induced effects. Rats and monkeys received sunitinib (0-15 and 0-20 mg/kg/day, respectively) orally on a consecutive daily dosing schedule for thirteen weeks or on an intermittent daily dosing schedule for up to nine months. Clinical observations and laboratory parameters were recorded. Necropsy was conducted following treatment/recovery periods, and histologic examinations were performed. In rats, sunitinib was generally tolerated at 0.3 and 1.5 mg/kg/day, and findings were reversible. In monkeys, the level at which there were no observed adverse effects was 1.5 mg/kg/day, and findings were similarly reversible (except for uterine/ovarian weight changes and skin pallor). Data suggest that inhibition of multiple RTK pathways may induce pharmacologic effects on organ systems in nonclinical species. Key pharmacologic effects of sunitinib included reversible inhibition of neovascularization into the epiphyseal growth plate, and impaired corpora lutea formation and uterine development during estrus. Similar observations have been noted with this class of RTK signaling inhibitors and are consistent with pharmacologic perturbations of physiologic/angiogenic processes associated with the intended molecular targets.
- Published
- 2008
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6. Identification of survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis, in canine urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma.
- Author
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Rankin WV, Henry CJ, Turnquist SE, Turk JR, Beissenherz ME, Tyler JW, Rucker EB, Knapp DW, Rodriguez CO, and Green JA
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- Animals, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell metabolism, Dogs, Female, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Male, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms metabolism, Apoptosis physiology, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell veterinary, Dog Diseases metabolism, Microtubule-Associated Proteins metabolism, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
Survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis, is overexpressed in human invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. Survivin expression in canine TCC has not been defined. This study was designed to compare survivin expression between canine TCC and normal urinary bladder tissue. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed on fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed tissues, respectively. All TCC tissues (n = 6) and 11/22 normal tissues assessed by PCR were positive for survivin. This difference was not significant (P = 0.06). With regard to IHC, 28/41 TCC samples were positive for nuclear survivin, whereas 0/46 normal tissues had nuclear immunoreactivity (P < 0.001). Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity did not significantly differ between TCC (7/41) and normal tissues (17/46) (P = 0.07). We conclude that nuclear survivin is present in canine TCC, but not in normal bladder urothelium. Future studies will evaluate the role of nuclear survivin in TCC development and as a potential therapeutic target.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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7. Comparison of distributions of survivin among tissues from urinary bladders of dogs with cystitis, transitional cell carcinoma, or histologically normal urinary bladders.
- Author
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Rankin WV, Henry CJ, Turnquist SE, Turk JR, Beissenherz ME, Tyler JW, and Green JA
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- Animals, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell metabolism, Cell Nucleus metabolism, Dogs, RNA, Messenger genetics, Reference Values, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms metabolism, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell veterinary, Cystitis metabolism, Cystitis veterinary, Dog Diseases metabolism, Microtubule-Associated Proteins genetics, Microtubule-Associated Proteins metabolism, Urinary Bladder metabolism, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
Objective: To compare distributions of survivin among tissues from urinary bladders of dogs with cystitis, transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), or histologically normal urinary bladders., Sample Population: 24 archived and 7 fresh-frozen specimens of urinary bladders from dogs with cystitis., Procedures: Immunohistochemical analysis of archived tissue specimens was performed to identify survivin protein in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells by use of polyclonal rabbit anti-survivin antibody. Tissues that contained > or = 5% immunoreactive cells were considered positive for survivin protein. Reverse-transcription PCR analysis was performed on fresh-frozen tissues to identify survivin mRNA. Data on tissues from dogs with TCC or histologically normal urinary bladders that were obtained during another study were used for statistical comparisons., Results: Twelve of 24 (50%) cystitic tissues were positive for nuclear survivin, compared with 28 of 41 (68%) TCC tissues and 0 of 46 (0%) normal tissues. Two of 24 (8%) cystitic tissues were positive for cytoplasmic survivin, compared with 7 of 41 (17%) TCC tissues and 17 of 46 (37%) normal tissues. Proportions of specimens that contained nuclear or cytoplasmic survivin were significantly different between cystitic and normal tissues but not between cystitic and TCC tissues. Four of 7 cystitic tissues were positive for survivin mRNA, which was comparable with results for TCC and normal tissues., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Nuclear survivin was detected in TCC and cystitic tissues but not in normal urinary bladder tissues. Additional studies are needed to determine whether nuclear survivin contributes to the development or progression of TCC.
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- 2008
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8. Hemangiosarcoma in cats: 53 cases (1992-2002).
- Author
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Johannes CM, Henry CJ, Turnquist SE, Hamilton TA, Smith AN, Chun R, and Tyler JW
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- Animals, Behavior, Animal, Cat Diseases diagnosis, Cats, Disease-Free Survival, Euthanasia, Animal, Female, Hemangiosarcoma diagnosis, Hemangiosarcoma mortality, Hemangiosarcoma surgery, Male, Neoplasm Metastasis, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Skin Neoplasms diagnosis, Skin Neoplasms mortality, Skin Neoplasms surgery, Survival Analysis, Treatment Outcome, Cat Diseases mortality, Cat Diseases surgery, Hemangiosarcoma veterinary, Skin Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
Objective: To characterize the biological behavior and prognostic factors associated with hemangiosarcoma in cats., Design: Retrospective case series., Animals: 53 cats with hemangiosarcoma., Procedures: Data were retrieved from a state veterinary diagnostic laboratory, 3 veterinary colleges, and a private practice., Results: Cutaneous and subcutaneous tumor locations were more common than visceral (abdominal and thoracic) and oral locations. Surgical excision was the primary treatment in 47 cats. Tumor-free surgical margins were more likely in cutaneous than subcutaneous lesions and were associated with longer survival times. Local recurrence was observed in 6 of 12 cats with subcutaneous lesions for which follow-up was available. Metastatic disease was detected in 5 of 13 cats with adequate staging at initial diagnosis. A sixth cat had pulmonary metastases at the time of euthanasia. In 4 of 10 cats with visceral hemangiosarcoma, the diagnosis was made at necropsy or they were euthanized at the time of diagnosis. Adjuvant therapy was uncommonly used. Eighteen of the 21 known deaths or euthanasias were tumor-related. Higher mitotic counts (> 3 in 10 hpfs) were associated with shorter survival times., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Subcutaneous hemangiosarcoma was more biologically aggressive than the cutaneous form and was more likely to recur locally and result in euthanasia or death of the cat. Metastatic potential of the cutaneous and subcutaneous forms may be greater than previously reported. Visceral hemangiosarcoma is associated with a grave prognosis.
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- 2007
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9. Proteomics of canine lymphoma identifies potential cancer-specific protein markers.
- Author
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McCaw DL, Chan AS, Stegner AL, Mooney B, Bryan JN, Turnquist SE, Henry CJ, Alexander H, and Alexander S
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- Animals, Dogs, Lymph Nodes pathology, Lymphoma genetics, Lymphoma pathology, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Biomarkers, Tumor analysis, Dog Diseases pathology, Lymphoma veterinary, Neoplasm Proteins analysis, Proteomics
- Abstract
Purpose: Early diagnosis of cancer is crucial for the success of treatment of the disease, and there is a need for markers whose differential expression between disease and normal tissue could be used as a diagnostic tool. Spontaneously occurring malignancies in pets provide a logical tool for translational research for human oncology. Lymphoma, one of the most common neoplasms in dogs, is similar to human non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and could serve as an experimental model system., Experimental Design: Thirteen lymph nodes from normal dogs and 11 lymph nodes from dogs with B-cell lymphoma were subjected to proteomic analysis using two-dimensional PAGE separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight analysis., Results: A total of 93 differentially expressed spots was subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry analysis, and several proteins that showed differential expression were identified. Of these, prolidase (proline dipeptidase), triosephosphate isomerase, and glutathione S-transferase were down-regulated in lymphoma samples, whereas macrophage capping protein was up-regulated in the lymphoma samples., Conclusions: These proteins represent potential markers for the diagnosis of lymphoma and should be further investigated in human samples for validation of their utility as diagnostic markers.
- Published
- 2007
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10. Primary hyperaldosteronism in a dog with concurrent lymphoma.
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Johnson KD, Henry CJ, McCaw DL, Turnquist SE, Stoll MR, Kiupel M, and Bondy PJ
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- Animals, Diagnosis, Differential, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Dogs, Fatal Outcome, Hyperaldosteronism diagnosis, Hyperaldosteronism pathology, Immunohistochemistry veterinary, Lymphoma diagnosis, Lymphoma pathology, Male, Dog Diseases pathology, Hyperaldosteronism veterinary, Lymphoma veterinary
- Abstract
An 11-year-old, male castrated English springer spaniel was presented for muscle weakness, lethargy and anorexia while undergoing treatment of Stage IV lymphoma. Persistent hypokalemia prompted multiple diagnostic tests. Serum aldosterone levels, surgical exploration and histopathology confirmed primary hyperaldosteronism. Hyperaldosteronism is a rarely reported endocrinopathy in the dog. This report describes a case in which immunohistochemistry was utilized to confirm the diagnosis of an aldosterone-secreting tumour.
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- 2006
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11. Primary renal neoplasia of dogs.
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Bryan JN, Henry CJ, Turnquist SE, Tyler JW, Liptak JM, Rizzo SA, Sfiligoi G, Steinberg SJ, Smith AN, and Jackson T
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- Animals, Carcinoma pathology, Carcinoma therapy, Carcinoma veterinary, Dogs, Female, Kidney Neoplasms pathology, Kidney Neoplasms therapy, Male, Retrospective Studies, Sarcoma pathology, Sarcoma therapy, Sarcoma veterinary, Statistics, Nonparametric, Survival Analysis, Wilms Tumor pathology, Wilms Tumor therapy, Wilms Tumor veterinary, Dog Diseases pathology, Kidney Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
Background: Primary renal tumors are diagnosed uncommonly in dogs., Hypothesis: Signs and survival will differ among different categories of primary renal tumors., Animals: Data were collected from the medical records of 82 dogs with primary renal tumors diagnosed by examination of tissue obtained by ultrasound-guided biopsy, needle aspiration, surgery, or at postmortem examination., Methods: This was a multi-institutional, retrospective study., Results: Forty-nine dogs had carcinomas, 28 had sarcomas, and 5 had nephroblastomas. The dogs were geriatric (mean 8.1 years; range: 1-17) with a weight of 24.9 kg (range: 4.5-80). Tumors occurred with equal frequency in each kidney with 4% occurring bilaterally. Initial signs included one or more of hematuria, inappetance, lethargy. weight loss, or a palpable abdominal mass. Pain was reported more frequently in dogs with sarcomas (5/28). The most common hematologic abnormalities were neutrophilia (22/63), anemia (21/64), and thrombocytopenia (6/68). Polycythemia was present in 3 dogs and resolved with treatment. Hematuria (28/49), pyuria (26/49), proteinuria (24/50), and isosthenuria (20/56) were the most frequently observed abnormalities on urinalysis. Pulmonary metastases were noted on thoracic radiographs in 16% of dogs at diagnosis. Seventy-seven percent of dogs had metastatic disease at the time of death. Median survival for dogs with carcinomas was 16 months (range 0-59 months), for dogs with sarcomas 9 months (range 0-70 months), and for dogs with nephroblastomas 6 months (range 0-6 months)., Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Primary renal tumors in dogs are generally highly malignant with surgery being the only treatment that improves survival.
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- 2006
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12. Characterizing osteochondrosis in the dog: potential roles for matrix metalloproteinases and mechanical load in pathogenesis and disease progression.
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Kuroki K, Cook JL, Stoker AM, Turnquist SE, Kreeger JM, and Tomlinson JL
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- Animals, Cartilage, Articular metabolism, Cartilage, Articular physiology, Cell Survival, Chondrocytes physiology, Disease Progression, Dog Diseases enzymology, Dogs, Extracellular Matrix metabolism, Gene Expression, Glycosaminoglycans metabolism, Matrix Metalloproteinases genetics, Matrix Metalloproteinases metabolism, Osteochondritis enzymology, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Stress, Mechanical, Tissue Culture Techniques, Weight-Bearing, Dog Diseases etiology, Matrix Metalloproteinases physiology, Osteochondritis etiology, Osteochondritis veterinary
- Abstract
Objective: To address possible roles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and mechanical stress in the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis (OC)., Methods: Naturally-occurring canine OC lesions (n=50) were immunohistochemically analyzed for MMP-1, -3, and -13, and normal canine articular cartilage explants (n=6) cultured under 0-, 2-, or 4-MPa compressive loads (0.1 Hz, 20 min every 8 h up to 12 days) were compared to OC samples (n=4) biochemically and molecularly., Results: MMP-1 and -3 immunoreactivities were readily detected in both OC samples and control tissues obtained from age-matched dogs (n=11) whereas MMP-13 was only detectable in OC samples. MMP-13 gene expression as determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was elevated in OC samples and cartilage explants cultured without mechanical stimuli (0 MPa groups) compared to normal cartilage (day 0 controls). Glycosaminoglycan content (per weight) in cartilage explants cultured under no load was significantly (P<0.05) lower on day 12 than in the day 0 controls. Gene expression levels of aggrecan and type II collagen in OC samples were lower than those in the day 0 controls. High levels of aggrecan and collagen II expression were seen in the 2 MPa groups., Conclusions: These findings imply that impaired biochemical characteristics in OC-affected cartilage may be attributable to decreased extracellular matrix production that may stem from disruption of normal weight bearing forces.
- Published
- 2005
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13. Bone marrow hypoplasia associated with fenbendazole administration in a dog.
- Author
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Gary AT, Kerl ME, Wiedmeyer CE, Turnquist SE, and Cohn LA
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- Animals, Antinematodal Agents therapeutic use, Bone Marrow pathology, Bone Marrow Cells cytology, Bone Marrow Cells drug effects, Bone Marrow Diseases chemically induced, Dogs, Fenbendazole therapeutic use, Male, Pancytopenia chemically induced, Pancytopenia veterinary, Antinematodal Agents adverse effects, Bone Marrow drug effects, Bone Marrow Diseases veterinary, Dog Diseases chemically induced, Fenbendazole adverse effects
- Abstract
A 1.5-year-old Doberman pinscher was presented with sudden-onset of fever and malaise. Twelve days prior to presentation, fenbendazole therapy was initiated for a suspected lungworm infection. Results of a complete blood count on presentation showed pancytopenia, while histopathological evaluation of a bone marrow core sample revealed bone marrow hypoplasia of undetermined etiology. Bactericidal antibiotics and fluid therapy, as well as discontinuation of fenbendazole administration, led to a complete resolution of clinical and hematological abnormalities within 15 days. An idiosyncratic reaction to fenbendazole was suspected based on the absence of infectious, neoplastic, autoimmune, and toxic etiologies, as well as resolution of clinical signs and pancytopenia upon drug withdrawal.
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- 2004
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14. Exophthalmia associated with paranasal sinus osteoma in a Quarterhorse mare.
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Scotty NC, Ford M, Williams F 3rd, Loiacono C, Johnson PJ, Messer NT 4th, Turnquist SE, and Essman S
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- Animals, Biopsy, Fine-Needle veterinary, Endoscopy veterinary, Exophthalmos etiology, Exophthalmos pathology, Fatal Outcome, Female, Histocytochemistry veterinary, Horses, Osteoma pathology, Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms pathology, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic pathology, Exophthalmos veterinary, Horse Diseases pathology, Osteoma veterinary, Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms veterinary, Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic veterinary
- Abstract
An 11-year-old Quarterhorse mare developed a paranasal sinus osteoma that extended into the right orbit and led to ipsilateral exophthalmia. Although the tumor was radiographically evident in the paranasal sinuses, ultrasonography was used to demonstrate extension of the tumor into the retrobulbar space, and endoscopy was used to identify its extension into the nasopharynx. Biopsies were obtained using both fine-needle aspiration and paranasal sinus trephination. Despite numerous antemortem diagnostic tests, only postmortem histologic analysis of the mass afforded the diagnosis of osteoma.
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- 2004
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15. Inhibition of intimal hyperplasia by direct thrombin inhibitors in an animal vein bypass model.
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Mureebe L, Turnquist SE, and Silver D
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- Anastomosis, Surgical, Animals, Carotid Artery, Common drug effects, Carotid Artery, Common surgery, Disease Models, Animal, Fibrinolytic Agents pharmacology, Hirudins analogs & derivatives, Hirudins pharmacology, Hyperplasia drug therapy, Hyperplasia surgery, Male, Models, Cardiovascular, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Recombinant Proteins pharmacology, Thrombosis etiology, Tunica Intima surgery, Veins surgery, Thrombin antagonists & inhibitors, Tunica Intima drug effects, Tunica Intima pathology, Veins drug effects, Veins pathology
- Abstract
Many functions of the coagulation system have nonthrombotic effects. The indirect thrombin inhibitor heparin has been previously shown to be effective in limiting intimal hyperplasia (IH). We sought to study the effect of thrombin on IH by using two direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), argatroban and lepirudin. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent interposition vein grafting to the carotid artery. Vein grafts were treated with either saline (n = 6) or one of the two DTIs (n = 6 for both). At 30 days, the rats were sacrificed and vessels were perfusion fixed. Sections of the proximal carotid artery, graft, and both anastomoses were stained with both hematoxlyin/eosin and von Gieson's elastin stain. Sections were examined and compared for luminal area and intima-to-media (IM) ratio. The vessels treated with DTIs had less (p < 0.05) IH (IM ratio for proximal anastomosis: control 1.036 +/- 0.857, lepirudin 0.373 +/- 0.21, argatroban 0.182 +/- 0.118) and better lumen preservation than the control vessels (lumen area of proximal anastomosis: control 1.69 +/- 0.9, lepirudin 2.45 +/- 0.74, argatroban 2.81 +/- 0.78). There were no thromboses in the DTI-treated vessels. Dilatation of the graft segment was noted in the argatroban group. Thus, DTIs are effective at reducing IH in a small-animal model, suggesting that inhibition of thrombin has a protective role in IH. In addition, a difference of action between DTIs is suggested by the dilatation seen only in the argatroban-treated graft sections.
- Published
- 2004
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16. Detection and nucleotide sequencing of a DNA-packaging protein gene of equine gammaherpesviruses.
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Kleiboeker SB, Turnquist SE, Johnson PJ, and Kreeger JM
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- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, DNA, Viral chemistry, DNA, Viral genetics, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase chemistry, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase genetics, Gammaherpesvirinae classification, Gammaherpesvirinae enzymology, Herpesviridae Infections virology, Horses, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Sequence Alignment, Endodeoxyribonucleases genetics, Gammaherpesvirinae genetics, Herpesviridae Infections veterinary, Horse Diseases virology
- Abstract
In previous studies, novel putative viral pathogens designated that asinine herpesvirus 4 (AsHV4) and asinine herpesvirus 5 (AsHV5) were associated with fatal interstitial pneumonia in donkeys (Equus asinus). Nucleotide sequence analysis of a portion of the DNA polymerase gene identified these putative pathogens as herpesviruses and possibly as members of the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. Although similar to equine herpesvirus 2 (EHV2) and equine herpesvirus 5 (EHV5), sequence diversity was observed among the detected viruses. In this study, novel sequence is reported for a DNA-packaging protein gene of EHV5 plus AsHV4, AsHV5, and a newly described putative pathogen herein designated asinine herpesvirus 6 (AsHV6). Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences suggested that the equine gammaherpesviruses may form a separate clade within the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. Based on the sequence of EHV2 and the novel sequences reported in this study, a PCR assay was developed to detect equine gammaherpesviruses. Products of the predicted size were produced after amplification of DNA from EHV2, EHV5, AsHV4, AsHV5, and AsHV6. This nonnested assay was shown to consistently amplify approximately 10 genomic copies of EHV2. Amplification products were not produced from DNA template of other alpha- and gammaherpesviruses. Because the role of gammaherpesviruses has not been well defined in equine disease, it is envisioned that a single, sensitive PCR assay to detect these potential pathogens will facilitate further assessment of their role in disease.
- Published
- 2004
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17. Uterine neoplasia in 13 cats.
- Author
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Miller MA, Ramos-Vara JA, Dickerson MF, Johnson GC, Pace LW, Kreeger JM, Turnquist SE, and Turk JR
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- Adenocarcinoma pathology, Adenocarcinoma surgery, Adenosarcoma pathology, Adenosarcoma surgery, Animals, Cat Diseases surgery, Cats, Female, Immunohistochemistry veterinary, Uterine Neoplasms pathology, Uterine Neoplasms surgery, Adenocarcinoma veterinary, Adenosarcoma veterinary, Cat Diseases pathology, Hysterectomy veterinary, Uterine Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
Thirteen uterine tumors were diagnosed in 13 cats and accounted for 0.29% of all feline neoplasms received during a 9.6-year period. Age at diagnosis ranged from 3 to 16 years; median 9 years. Six were Domestic Shorthair cats, and 7 were purebred cats of 5 different breeds. Eight adenocarcinomas and 1 mixed Müllerian tumor (adenosarcoma) comprised the endometrial tumors. Myometrial tumors included 3 leiomyomas and 1 leiomyosarcoma. One of the adenocarcinomas developed in the uterine stump of an ovariohysterectomized cat; the other cats were sexually intact. Concurrent mammary adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 1 cat with uterine adenocarcinoma and in another with uterine leiomyoma. Tumors were discovered during elective ovariohysterectomy in 2 cats, but at least 3 others had experienced reproductive problems (infertility or pyometra). Five cats presented for abdominal or pelvic masses. Endometrial adenocarcinomas were positive immunohistochemically for cytokeratins and negative for smooth muscle actin (SMA): 1 of 6 cats was positive for vimentin and 4 of 8 were positive for estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha). Adenosarcoma stromal cells were positive for vimentin and ER alpha but negative for cytokeratins and SMA. Smooth muscle tumors were positive for vimentin and SMA and negative for cytokeratins. Leiomyomas, but not the leiomyosarcomas, were positive for ER alpha. Adenocarcinomas in 4 cats had metastasized by the time of ovariohysterectomy. Two other cats were euthanized 5 months after ovariohysterectomy; at least one of these cats had developed an abdominal mass that was not examined histologically. Only 2 cats with endometrial adenocarcinoma had disease-free intervals longer than 5 months after surgery. Metastasis was not detected in any mesenchymal tumor; however, these cats were either euthanized on discovery of the tumor or the tumor was first detected at necropsy.
- Published
- 2003
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18. West Nile virus encephalomyelitis in a sheep.
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Tyler JW, Turnquist SE, David AT, Kleiboeker SB, and Middleton JR
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- Animals, Male, Sheep Diseases pathology, Spinal Cord pathology, West Nile Fever pathology, West Nile virus genetics, Sheep Diseases virology, Sheep, Domestic virology, West Nile Fever veterinary, West Nile virus isolation & purification
- Published
- 2003
19. Clinical evaluation of mitoxantrone and piroxicam in a canine model of human invasive urinary bladder carcinoma.
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Henry CJ, McCaw DL, Turnquist SE, Tyler JW, Bravo L, Sheafor S, Straw RC, Dernell WS, Madewell BR, Jorgensen L, Scott MA, Higginbotham ML, and Chun R
- Subjects
- Animals, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell mortality, Disease Models, Animal, Dogs, Female, Humans, Male, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Orchiectomy, Ovariectomy, Survival Analysis, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms mortality, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell drug therapy, Mitoxantrone therapeutic use, Piroxicam therapeutic use, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms drug therapy
- Abstract
Purpose: Cyclooxygenase inhibitors show promise in chemoprevention and therapy of certain carcinomas, an effect that may be additive to that of standard chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combined therapy using the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, piroxicam, and mitoxantrone against a relevant canine model of human invasive bladder cancer., Experimental Design: Fifty-five dogs with transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder were enrolled in this nonrandomized one-armed prospective multi-institutional clinical trial. Mitoxantrone was administered i.v. (5 mg/m(2)) every 21 days for four treatments, and piroxicam was administered p.o. (0.3 mg/kg/day) for the study duration. Tumor staging was performed at baseline, day 42 and every 3 months after protocol completion. Endpoints included time-to-treatment failure and survival time (ST)., Results: Response data were available for 48 dogs and included one complete response, 16 partial responses, 22 with disease stabilization, and 9 with progressive disease for an overall 35.4% measurable response rate. Subjective improvement occurred in 75% of treated dogs. Median time-to-treatment failure and ST were 194 and 350 days, respectively. Using censoring and end point definitions similar to those of previous reports of dogs treated with piroxicam alone, the median ST in this study was 291 days, compared with 181 days with piroxicam alone. Diarrhea and azotemia were the most common treatment complications., Conclusions: Mitoxantrone/piroxicam induced remission more frequently than previously reported for either drug as a single agent in this canine model of invasive human transitional cell carcinoma. Additional evaluation of these drugs in combination protocols should be explored.
- Published
- 2003
20. Mass in the laryngeal region of a dog.
- Author
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Wiedmeyer CE, Whitney MS, Dvorak LD, McCaw D, and Turnquist SE
- Subjects
- Animals, Dogs, Male, Salivary Gland Diseases pathology, Salivary Glands pathology, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Dog Diseases pathology, Larynx pathology, Salivary Gland Diseases diagnosis, Salivary Gland Diseases veterinary
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Immunohistochemical analysis of matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3, and -13 in naturally occurring cartilaginous tumors of dogs.
- Author
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Kuroki K, Kreeger JM, Cook JL, Tomlinson JL, Johnson GC, Pace LW, Turnquist SE, Turk JR, Ramos JA, and Miller MA
- Subjects
- Animals, Collagenases metabolism, Dogs, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Immunohistochemistry, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 metabolism, Matrix Metalloproteinase 13, Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 metabolism, Bone Neoplasms enzymology, Chondroma enzymology, Chondrosarcoma enzymology, Collagenases analysis, Dog Diseases enzymology, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 analysis, Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 analysis
- Abstract
Objective: To determine immunoreactivity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3, and -13 in cartilaginous tumors of dogs, correlate expression of MMP with histologic grade of tumors and clinical outcome of dogs, and compare MMP immunoreactivity between chondrosarcomas and chondromas., Sample Population: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues obtained from samples of naturally occurring chondrosarcomas (n = 31) and chondromas (8) of dogs that were submitted to our veterinary medical diagnostic laboratory., Procedure: Histologic sections from each sample were stained with H&E and monoclonal antibody to MMP-1, -3, and -13 by use of an avidin-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique. For each section, histologic grade (I, II, or III) and immunohistochemical expression (0, 1, 2, or 3) were evaluated. Clinical outcome was obtained from medical records or interviews with referring veterinarians and scored as a good outcome, moderate outcome, or poor outcome. Correlations among variables and differences between chondrosarcomas and chondromas were analyzed., Results: Samples from chondrosarcomas had significantly higher immunoreactivity of MMP-1 and -13, compared with immunoreactivity in samples from chondromas. In chondrosarcomas, a significant positive correlation (r, 0.386) was found between MMP-1 and -13 immunoreactivities, and a significant negative correlation (r, -0.390) was detected between MMP-3 and -13 immunoreactivities., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: A significant increase in expression of collagenases (MMP-1 and -13) in chondrosarcomas, compared with expression in chondromas, suggests that collagenases may play an important role in tumor progression, and possibly metastasis, in chondrosarcomas of dogs.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Association of two newly recognized herpesviruses with interstitial pneumonia in donkeys (Equus asinus).
- Author
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Kleiboeker SB, Schommer SK, Johnson PJ, Ehlers B, Turnquist SE, Boucher M, and Kreeger JM
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Autopsy veterinary, Base Sequence, DNA Primers, DNA, Viral analysis, Gammaherpesvirinae pathogenicity, Herpesviridae Infections diagnosis, Herpesviridae Infections genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Equidae virology, Gammaherpesvirinae genetics, Herpesviridae Infections veterinary, Lung Diseases, Interstitial veterinary, Lung Diseases, Interstitial virology
- Abstract
Over a period of 6 years, antemortem and postmortem examinations were performed on a number of donkeys suffering from respiratory disease. For many cases, initial diagnostic efforts failed to identify an etiology consistent with the pathologic findings. However, retrospective examination of these cases using consensus primer polymerase chain reaction, designed to recognize herpesviruses from all 3 subfamilies of the Herpesviridae, amplified a fragment of the highly conserved herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene from a number of these animals. Two novel herpesviruses, herein designated asinine herpesvirus 4 (AHV4) and asinine herpesvirus 5 (AHV5), were consistently detected in lung tissue from donkeys in which the histopathology was characterized by interstitial pneumonia and marked syncytial cell formation but not in lung tissue from donkeys with evidence of bacterial or verminous pneumonia. Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis places these new viruses within the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily and indicates that they are most closely related to the recently identified zebra herpesvirus and wildass herpesvirus as well as equine herpesviruses 2 and 5.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Detection and multigenic characterization of a herpesvirus associated with malignant catarrhal fever in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Missouri.
- Author
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Kleiboeker SB, Miller MA, Schommer SK, Ramos-Vara JA, Boucher M, and Turnquist SE
- Subjects
- Animals, Base Sequence, Gammaherpesvirinae genetics, Gammaherpesvirinae isolation & purification, Herpesviridae Infections pathology, Herpesviridae Infections virology, Malignant Catarrh pathology, Missouri, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Bacterial Proteins genetics, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase genetics, Deer, Gammaherpesvirinae classification, Malignant Catarrh virology
- Abstract
Between 1998 and 2001, tissues from four captive white-tailed deer were observed to have histologic lesions of systemic lymphocytic vasculitis. These lesions suggested malignant catarrhal fever, although epizootic hemorrhagic disease and bluetongue were included in the differential diagnosis. Initial diagnostic efforts, including virus isolation and reverse transcription-PCR for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and bluetongue virus, failed to identify an etiologic agent. However, consensus primer PCR targeted to the herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene detected viral genomic DNA in each of these four cases. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified product demonstrated that the detected virus was identical over the compared region to the recently described malignant catarrhal fever virus of white-tailed deer (H. Li, N. Dyer, J. Keller, and T. B. Crawford, J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:1313-1318, 2000). Additional nucleotide sequencing of both the DNA polymerase gene and DNA packaging gene followed by phylogenetic analysis solidified this newly recognized herpesvirus as a member of the Gammaherpesvirinae and suggests that this virus, along with ovine herpesvirus 2, alcelaphine herpesvirus 1, alcelaphine herpesvirus 2 and caprine herpesvirus 2, may be part of a separate clade within this subfamily.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Melan A and S100 protein immunohistochemistry in feline melanomas: 48 cases.
- Author
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Ramos-Vara JA, Miller MA, Johnson GC, Turnquist SE, Kreeger JM, and Watson GL
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Neoplasm analysis, Cats, Immunohistochemistry, MART-1 Antigen, Melanoma classification, Melanoma pathology, Skin pathology, Skin Neoplasms classification, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Cat Diseases pathology, Melanoma veterinary, Neoplasm Proteins analysis, S100 Proteins analysis, Skin Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
Immunohistochemistry, using a monoclonal antibody to Melan A and a polyclonal antibody to S100 protein, was applied to 48 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of feline melanoma. Forty-two cutaneous, three oral, one mucocutaneous, and two metastatic melanomas comprised the tumors. Thirty-two tumors (67%) were positive for Melan A and 42 (87.5%) were positive for S100. All but one of the tumors that were positive for Melan A were also positive for S100. S100 was detected in 11 of 16 tumors that were negative for Melan A. Seventy-five percent (9 of 12) of amelanotic melanomas were negative for Melan A. Normal adrenal cortex, the cerebellum, and the skin had cells that were positive for Melan A. Sebaceous adenoma was the only nonmelanocytic tumor examined that reacted with antibody to Melan A. Although less sensitive than S100 protein, Melan A is more specific for melanoma and is useful in differentiating feline cutaneous melanoma from the more common pigmented basal cell tumor.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Primary cutaneous haemangiosarcoma in a cow.
- Author
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Urdaz JH, Tyler JW, Henry CJ, Gautz P, Turk JR, and Turnquist SE
- Subjects
- Animals, Biopsy, Cattle, Female, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms pathology, Gastrointestinal Neoplasms veterinary, Hemangiosarcoma pathology, Hemorrhage etiology, Hemorrhage veterinary, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Cattle Diseases pathology, Hemangiosarcoma veterinary, Skin Neoplasms veterinary
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Immunoreactivity of A103, an antibody to Melan A, in canine steroid-producing tissues and their tumors.
- Author
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Ramos-Vara JA, Beissenherz ME, Miller MA, Johnson GC, Kreeger JM, Pace LW, Turk JR, Turnquist SE, Watson GL, and Yamini B
- Subjects
- Adenoma diagnosis, Adenoma immunology, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms diagnosis, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms immunology, Animals, Antigens, Neoplasm, Diagnosis, Differential, Dog Diseases diagnosis, Dogs, Dysgerminoma diagnosis, Dysgerminoma immunology, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, MART-1 Antigen, Male, Neoplasm Proteins analysis, Ovarian Neoplasms diagnosis, Ovarian Neoplasms immunology, Seminoma diagnosis, Seminoma immunology, Testicular Neoplasms diagnosis, Testicular Neoplasms immunology, Adenoma veterinary, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms veterinary, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Dog Diseases immunology, Dysgerminoma veterinary, Neoplasm Proteins immunology, Ovarian Neoplasms veterinary, Seminoma veterinary, Testicular Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
The monoclonal antibody A103 to the melanocytic differentiation antigen Melan A stains human steroid-producing cells and their tumors. A total of 200 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine normal tissues and hyperplastic and neoplastic lesions of the adrenal gland, testis, and ovary were immunohistochemically tested for Melan A with antibody A103. Leydig cell tumors (23/23, 100%), Sertoli cell tumors (14/15, 93%), and adrenocortical adenomas (12/13, 92%) were consistently positive. Adrenocortical carcinomas (23/35, 65%) and granulosa cell tumors (10/17, 59%) were less frequently positive. All pheochromocytomas, seminomas, and dysgerminomas were negative. The pattern of staining was cytoplasmic, but nuclear staining was also frequently seen in normal Leydig cells and their tumors. As in human tumors, immunohistochemistry for Melan A stains many canine steroid-producing tumors and can be used to distinguish these tumors from those of nonstereidogenic cells.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Foxtail-induced ulcerative stomatitis outbreak in a Missouri stable.
- Author
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Turnquist SE, Ostlund EN, Kreeger JM, and Turk JR
- Subjects
- Animals, Gingiva pathology, Horse Diseases pathology, Horses, Oral Ulcer etiology, Plants, Edible, Setaria Nematode, Stomatitis etiology, Disease Outbreaks veterinary, Horse Diseases etiology, Oral Ulcer veterinary, Poaceae chemistry, Stomatitis veterinary
- Abstract
Twenty of 25 horses in a well-managed Missouri boarding stable were diagnosed with gingivitis/stomatitis. Gross examination of the affected horses revealed varying degrees of gingivitis ranging from mild periodontal swelling to marked swelling and erythema with ulceration and hemorrhage. Fine hair-like material was embedded within the intensely affected areas. Gingival biopsies from 4 affected horses contained pyogranulomatous inflammation with, in some cases, numerous eosinophils and several grass awns in cross and longitudinal section. Numerous foxtail seed heads were identified in hay samples. Examination of the records revealed that all of the affected horses had been fed the suspect hay, with the exception of 1 horse. Although not deliberately fed the suspect hay, this horse did have access to the hay when turned out into the exercise paddock. The lesions resolved following a change in hay source.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Mammary duct ectasia in dogs: 51 cases (1992-1999).
- Author
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Miller MA, Kottler SJ, Cohn LA, Johnson GC, Kreeger JM, Pace LW, Ramos-Vara JA, Turk JR, and Turnquist SE
- Subjects
- Age Distribution, Animals, Diagnosis, Differential, Dilatation, Pathologic etiology, Dilatation, Pathologic pathology, Dilatation, Pathologic therapy, Dogs, Female, Mammary Glands, Animal surgery, Mastectomy veterinary, Retrospective Studies, Dilatation, Pathologic veterinary, Dog Diseases etiology, Dog Diseases pathology, Dog Diseases therapy, Mammary Glands, Animal pathology
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of mammary duct ectasia in dogs., Design: Retrospective study., Animals: 51 dogs with mammary duct ectasia., Procedure: Information regarding body condition, history, number and location of affected mammary glands, appearance of lesions, surgical treatment, nonsurgical treatment, and evidence of recurrence or development of mammary neoplasia was obtained from surveys sent to referring veterinarians. Results of information from examination of histologic sections and referring veterinarians were evaluated for all mammary duct ectasia biopsies performed between 1992 and 1999., Results: Duct ectasia was the primary diagnosis in 51 of 1,825 (2.8%) mammary biopsy specimens and comprised 48% of nonneoplastic mammary diseases. Affected dogs were evenly distributed over a range of 1 to 13 years of age, with a mean age at the time of diagnosis of 6.1 +/- 3.1 years. All dogs were female (31 sexually intact, 20 spayed); 10 of 26 had whelped. Duct ectasia was described as nodular (26 dogs), cystic (13), and multiglandular (11) and located in caudal (31) more often than cranial (14) or middle glands (10). Ectasia recurred in 3 dogs. One dog had a history of previously excised mammary adenocarcinoma; another subsequently developed mammary carcinoma., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: Duct ectasia affected mature, sexually intact and spayed female dogs over a wide age range. Certain breeds were affected more commonly than expected. Increased risk for mammary neoplasia was not evident. Duct ectasia should be considered as a cause for mammary enlargement, especially in young dogs or when its cystic nature is evident. Mastectomy is usually curative, and neoplasia should be ruled out in dogs with ectasia.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Primary renal tumours in cats: 19 cases (1992-1998).
- Author
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Henry CJ, Turnquist SE, Smith A, Graham JC, Thamm DH, O'Brien M, and Clifford CA
- Subjects
- Adenoma veterinary, Animals, Carcinoma epidemiology, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell epidemiology, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell veterinary, Cat Diseases etiology, Cat Diseases pathology, Cats, Female, Hemangiosarcoma veterinary, Kidney Neoplasms epidemiology, Male, Records veterinary, Retrospective Studies, United States epidemiology, Wilms Tumor epidemiology, Wilms Tumor veterinary, Carcinoma veterinary, Cat Diseases epidemiology, Kidney Neoplasms veterinary
- Abstract
A search from databases of four veterinary colleges and one private referral practice between January 1992 and April 1998 provided 20 cases diagnosed with primary renal neoplasia. Review of these cases revealed 19 primary renal tumours, excluding lymphoma. Of the 20 histologically reviewed cases, the diagnosis was amended in eight. There were 13 renal carcinomas (11 tubular and two tubulopapillary), three transitional cell carcinomas, one malignant nephroblastoma, one haemangiosarcoma and one adenoma. The haemangiosarcoma is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of this tumour type as a primary renal tumour in the cat. Most cats were presented for non-specific clinical signs such as anorexia and weight loss. One cat presented with tumour-associated polycythaemia which has not, to our knowledge, been reported previously. The metastatic rate for cats with complete staging was 64%, and 100% for transitional cell carcinomas., (Copyright 1999 W.B. Saunders Company Ltd.)
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Disseminated Actinomyces pyogenes infection in a free-ranging white-tailed deer.
- Author
-
Turnquist SE and Fales WH
- Subjects
- Actinomycosis diagnosis, Actinomycosis pathology, Animals, Animals, Wild, Female, Lung microbiology, Lung pathology, Mammary Glands, Animal microbiology, Mammary Glands, Animal pathology, Missouri, Actinomyces isolation & purification, Actinomycosis veterinary, Deer microbiology
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Small intestinal fibrosis in two horses.
- Author
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Johnson PJ, Pace LW, Mrad DR, Turnquist SE, Moore LA, and Ganjam VK
- Subjects
- Animals, Diagnosis, Differential, Duodenal Diseases diagnosis, Duodenal Diseases pathology, Duodenum metabolism, Duodenum physiopathology, Female, Fibrosis veterinary, Horse Diseases metabolism, Horses, Intestinal Absorption physiology, Intestinal Mucosa metabolism, Intestinal Mucosa pathology, Intestinal Mucosa physiopathology, Jejunal Diseases diagnosis, Jejunal Diseases pathology, Jejunum metabolism, Jejunum physiopathology, Male, Xylose pharmacokinetics, Duodenal Diseases veterinary, Duodenum pathology, Horse Diseases diagnosis, Horse Diseases pathology, Jejunal Diseases veterinary, Jejunum pathology
- Published
- 1997
32. Calicivirus outbreak with high mortality in a Missouri feline colony.
- Author
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Turnquist SE and Ostlund E
- Subjects
- Animals, Caliciviridae isolation & purification, Caliciviridae ultrastructure, Caliciviridae Infections epidemiology, Caliciviridae Infections mortality, Cats, Lung pathology, Microscopy, Electron, Missouri epidemiology, Caliciviridae Infections veterinary, Cat Diseases epidemiology, Disease Outbreaks veterinary
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Acute arsenic toxicosis in five horses.
- Author
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Pace LW, Turnquist SE, Casteel SW, Johnson PJ, and Frankeny RL
- Subjects
- Animals, Horses, Lead Poisoning pathology, Lead Poisoning veterinary, Arsenic Poisoning, Horse Diseases pathology
- Abstract
Five adult horses presented with acute clinical signs of watery diarrhea, excessive salivation, muscle tremors, ataxia, and depression. Four died within 24 hours and the fifth was euthanatized approximately 48 hours after onset of clinical signs. Necropsy finds in two of the horses included hyperemia of gastric mucosa, intestines filled with green to black watery fluid, and multifocal to coalescing, hemorrhagic 1.0-2.0-cm-diameter ulcers of the mucosa of the cecum and large colon. Histopathologic changes in the cecum and large colon consisted of mucosal necrosis and ulceration, vascular thrombosis, necrosis of submucosal blood vessels, and infiltration by mixed mononuclear inflammatory cells and neutrophils. Arsenic toxicosis was suspected. The owner had not been feeding the horses any grain; however, a mixture of grain and pink powder was found in the pasture. Liver arsenic concentrations in the two horses were 14.0 and 11.0 ppm, a sample of renal cortex contained 108 ppm arsenic, and the grain/powder mixture found in the pasture was positive for arsenic at > 3,000 ppm. kidney lead concentrations were 6.5 and 4.2 ppm. Results were consistent with lead arsenate or lead arsenite poisoning.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Subcutaneous mycetoma-like granuloma in a horse caused by Aspergillus versicolor.
- Author
-
Keegan KG, Dillavou CL, Turnquist SE, and Fales WH
- Subjects
- Animals, Aspergillosis complications, Aspergillus classification, Female, Granuloma microbiology, Granuloma surgery, Horses, Lip Diseases microbiology, Lip Diseases veterinary, Mycetoma microbiology, Mycetoma surgery, Recurrence, Aspergillosis veterinary, Aspergillus isolation & purification, Granuloma veterinary, Horse Diseases, Mycetoma veterinary
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Intracranial ossifying lipoma in a juvenile pig.
- Author
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Turnquist SE and Miller RB
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Lipoma pathology, Male, Ossification, Heterotopic pathology, Swine, Brain Neoplasms veterinary, Lipoma veterinary, Ossification, Heterotopic veterinary, Swine Diseases pathology
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a filly.
- Author
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Turnquist SE, Pace LW, Keegan K, Andrews-Jones L, Kreeger JM, Bailey KL, Stogsdill PL, and Wilson HA
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Horses, Rhabdomyosarcoma pathology, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms pathology, Horse Diseases pathology, Rhabdomyosarcoma veterinary, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms veterinary
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Pleuropneumonia in Missouri swine.
- Author
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Turk JR, Fales WH, Maddox CW, Ramos JA, Fischer JR, Johnson GC, Kreeger JM, Miller MA, Pace LW, and Turnquist SE
- Subjects
- Animals, Missouri epidemiology, Mycoplasma isolation & purification, Pleuropneumonia epidemiology, Pleuropneumonia microbiology, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious pathology, Swine, Swine Diseases microbiology, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolation & purification, Pasteurella isolation & purification, Pleuropneumonia veterinary, Pleuropneumonia, Contagious epidemiology, Salmonella isolation & purification, Swine Diseases epidemiology
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Naturally occurring systemic anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions in four groups of pigs injected with commercially available bacterins.
- Author
-
Turnquist SE, Bouchard G, and Fischer JR
- Subjects
- Anaphylaxis chemically induced, Animals, Bordetella bronchiseptica immunology, Haemophilus immunology, Swine, Swine, Miniature, Anaphylaxis veterinary, Bacterial Vaccines adverse effects, Swine Diseases
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in calves experimentally infected with Pasteurella haemolytica A1.
- Author
-
Pace LW, Kreeger JM, Bailey KL, Turnquist SE, and Fales WH
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic immunology, Mannheimia haemolytica isolation & purification, Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic pathology, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Mannheimia haemolytica immunology, Pasteurellosis, Pneumonic immunology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha analysis
- Abstract
The purpose of this study was to document the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in serum of calves experimentally infected intratracheally with Pasteurella haemolytica A1 and to determine if elevated TNF levels correlate with development of pneumonic pasteurellosis in the bovine. Serum samples were collected at sequential time periods from 0 h to 72 h post inoculation with P. haemolytica. TNF levels in those sera were measured by a cytotoxicity assay utilizing the TNF-sensitive WEHI 164 mouse fibrosarcoma cell line. Serum TNF levels in infected cattle began to rise at 2 h post inoculation, peaked at approximately 8 h, and decreased to near control levels by 72 h. There was extreme variability in serum TNF among the inoculated animals with levels varying from 120 pg ml-1 to 5000 pg ml-1 at 8 h post inoculation. These levels did not correspond with the degree of lung involvement. All inoculated calves developed lesions of pneumonic pasteurellosis characterized by fibrinous pleuritis with necrotizing, hemorrhagic pneumonia. These results suggest that TNF is probably a significant inflammatory mediator involved in the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Necropsy findings from Vietnamese potbellied pigs, 33 cases.
- Author
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Pace LW, Kreeger JM, Miller MA, Turnquist SE, Fischer JR, Johnson GC, Turk JR, Pittman LL, Fales WH, and Maddox CW
- Subjects
- Animals, Breeding, Gastroenteritis epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology, Swine, United States epidemiology, Gastroenteritis veterinary, Respiratory Tract Infections veterinary, Swine Diseases epidemiology
- Published
- 1992
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia and hydrocephalus in a Pekingese.
- Author
-
Turnquist SE, Pace LW, and Sardinas J
- Subjects
- Accidents, Traffic, Animals, Dogs, Femoral Fractures complications, Fractures, Bone complications, Fractures, Bone veterinary, Hydrocephalus complications, Hydrocephalus pathology, Joint Dislocations complications, Joint Dislocations veterinary, Lumbosacral Region, Male, Pelvic Bones injuries, Dog Diseases, Hydrocephalus veterinary, Optic Nerve abnormalities
- Abstract
A 3-year-old, castrated male Pekingese was examined 2 days after automobile-induced trauma. Multiple pelvic injuries and visual deficits in the right eye were identified. During a subsequent postmortem examination, multiple pelvic fractures were confirmed; however, there was no evidence of head injury. Both globes were bilaterally symmetrical and grossly normal. The intraorbital and intracranial portions of the right optic nerve were threadlike and rudimentary in appearance, while the left optic nerve was grossly normal. Moderate dilatation of the left lateral ventricle was noted. Microscopically the right optic nerve and left nerve tract contained few identifiable nerve fibers. The right optic disc was depressed, and there was thinning of the optic nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers of the retina. No microscopic abnormalities were evident in the left optic nerve, optic disc, retina and right optic tract. The histologic changes in the right eye are consistent with optic nerve hypoplasia. The relationship between the optic nerve/optic tract lesions and the hydrocephalus is unknown.
- Published
- 1991
42. Visual-evoked potentials and electroretinograms in ruminants with thiamine-responsive polioencephalomalacia or suspected listeriosis.
- Author
-
Strain GM, Claxton MS, Olcott BM, and Turnquist SE
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Cattle Diseases drug therapy, Encephalomalacia physiopathology, Female, Goat Diseases drug therapy, Goats, Listeriosis drug therapy, Listeriosis physiopathology, Male, Sheep, Sheep Diseases drug therapy, Thiamine therapeutic use, Thiamine Deficiency drug therapy, Thiamine Deficiency physiopathology, Cattle Diseases physiopathology, Electroretinography veterinary, Encephalomalacia veterinary, Evoked Potentials, Visual physiology, Goat Diseases physiopathology, Listeriosis veterinary, Sheep Diseases physiopathology, Thiamine Deficiency veterinary
- Abstract
Electrodiagnostic visual testing (electroretinogram [ERG] and visual-evoked potential [VEP]) was performed on 5 ruminants (3 lambs, 1 kid, and 1 steer) with thiamine-responsive polioencephalomalacia (PEM) and on 2 sheep with listeriosis. The lambs and kid had typical clinical signs of PEM, especially blindness. In these animals, the ERG was normal but the VEP was abnormal. Follow-up recordings in the kid and 1 lamb indicated an improvement in VEP recordings accompanying a gradual return of vision after thiamine treatment. Possible subtle changes in VEP peak latencies could not be assessed because of lack of normative VEP data for sheep and goats. All animals had complete return of vision (owner-assessed). The steer did not have signs of blindness, and the ERG and VEP were normal. Changes in VEP accompanying permanent PEM blindness are not known. One sheep with suspected listeriosis had lack of menace response and palpebral and corneal reflexes, but had intact vision. The ERG and VEP were normal. The second sheep with suspected listeriosis had intact menace response and vision, but became acutely blind and died; the ERG was normal, but VEP amplitudes were depressed.
- Published
- 1990
43. Evoked potential and electroencephalographic assessment of central blindness due to brain abscesses in a steer.
- Author
-
Strain GM, Claxton MS, Turnquist SE, and Kreeger JM
- Subjects
- Animals, Blindness etiology, Brain Abscess complications, Cattle, Cattle Diseases etiology, Corynebacterium pyogenes, Electroencephalography veterinary, Male, Blindness veterinary, Brain Abscess veterinary, Cattle Diseases physiopathology, Corynebacterium Infections veterinary, Evoked Potentials, Visual
- Abstract
Central blindness in a 3.5-year-old crossbred steer was evaluated by electrodiagnostic techniques. When admitted the steer was depressed, head pressed, and circled to the left. Ptosis and absence of menace response were seen with the right eye, while the left eye was normal; direct and consensual pupillary light responses were normal in both eyes. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials and electroretinograms were essentially normal. The flash visual evoked potential (VEP) was greatly reduced upon stimulation of the right eye, while no VEP peaks could be recognized after flash stimuli were presented to the left eye. The amplitude of the electroencephalogram was depressed over right occipital cortex. Multiple brain abscesses were detected on postmortem examination adjacent to the left thalamus, in the left caudal cerebrum, and right frontal cerebrum. Corynebacterium pyogenes was cultured from abscess exudate; however, no origin for the infection could be determined. Both eyes were microscopically normal. The thalamic abscesses were postulated to have produced the EEG depression. Correlations between the VEP abnormalities and the abscess locations are discussed, based on proposed central nervous system generators of the VEP.
- Published
- 1987
44. Delayed phalaris grass toxicosis in sheep and cattle.
- Author
-
Nicholson SS, Olcott BM, Usenik EA, Casey HW, Brown CC, Urbatsch LE, Turnquist SE, and Moore SC
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Female, Louisiana, Male, Plant Poisoning etiology, Sheep, Cattle Diseases etiology, Plant Poisoning veterinary, Poaceae, Sheep Diseases etiology
- Abstract
A phalaris grass (Phalaris caroliniana) caused neurologic signs and lesions in cattle and sheep. The sheep were hyperexcitable and uncoordinated, with severe muscle twitching, stiff gait, and head nodding. The cattle were thin, nervous, and ataxic. One feature of chronic phalaris toxicosis in these cases was onset of signs weeks or months after removal of the animals from the forage.
- Published
- 1989
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