4,184 results on '"Tryptases"'
Search Results
2. Mast cells in oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions related to dental amalgam contact
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Mariana Saturnino de NORONHA, Giovanna Ribeiro SOUTO, Fernanda Aragão FELIX, Lucas Guimarães ABREU, Maria Cássia Ferreira AGUIAR, Elismauro Francisco MENDONÇA, and Ricardo Alves MESQUITA
- Subjects
Mast Cells ,Lichen Planus ,Lichenoid Eruptions ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ,Tryptases ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of mast cell markers toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase and presence of mononuclear inflammatory cells in oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions related to dental amalgam. Nineteen specimens of OLP, OLLC, and healthy oral mucosa were selected. Mononuclear inflammatory cells were analyzed. Histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed using toluidine blue, anti-c-kit and anti-tryptase reagents, and the results were quantified in areas A and B of connective tissue. Mast cells of all OLP and OLLC samples were positive for toluidine blue, c-kit, and tryptase. The density of toluidine blue+, c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells was higher in tissue with OLP and OLLC compared with healthy controls (p < 0.05). No difference was noted in mast cells density between OLP and OLLC (p > 0.05). The density of tryptase+ mast cells was higher in the subepithelial region (area A) than the region below it (Area B) in OLLC (p = 0.047). The mononuclear inflammatory cell density was higher in OLLC compared to OLP, but without statistical significance (p > 0.05). A positive statistical correlation was found between mononuclear immune cells and density of c-kit+ and tryptase+ mast cells in OLP (r = 0.943 and r = 0.886, respectively). Our data demonstrate that the etiopathogenesis process of OLP and OLLC modulates the expansion and degranulation of mast cells; mast cells density, however, was similar between OLP and OLLC. The distribution of mast cells appears to vary along the lamina propria.
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- 2024
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3. Small intestinal immunopathology and GI-associated antibody formation in hereditary alpha-tryptasemia.
- Author
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Konnikova, Liza, Robinson, Tanya, Owings, Anna, Shirley, James, Davis, Elisabeth, Tang, Ying, Wall, Sarah, Li, Jian, Hasan, Mohammad, Gharaibeh, Raad, Mendoza Alvarez, Lybil, Ryan, Lisa, Doty, Andria, Chovanec, Jack, OConnell, Michael, Grunes, Dianne, Daley, William, Mayer, Emeran, Chang, Lin, Liu, Julia, Snapper, Scott, Milner, Joshua, Glover, Sarah, and Lyons, Jonathan
- Subjects
CyTOF ,Mast cells ,double-negative T cells ,hereditary alpha-tryptasemia ,mast cell activation ,memory B cells ,pyroptosis ,small intestine ,Adult ,Epithelial Cells ,Female ,Gastrointestinal Diseases ,Genetic Diseases ,Inborn ,Genotype ,Humans ,Immunoglobulin G ,Intestine ,Small ,Male ,Mast Cells ,Mastocytosis ,Middle Aged ,Pyroptosis ,Tryptases ,Young Adult - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hereditary alpha-tryptasemia (HαT) is characterized by elevated basal serum tryptase due to increased copies of the TPSAB1 gene. Individuals with HαT frequently present with multisystem complaints, including anaphylaxis and seemingly functional gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the prevalence of HαT in an irritable bowel syndrome cohort and associated immunologic characteristics that may distinguish patients with HαT from patients without HαT. METHODS: Tryptase genotyping by droplet digital PCR, flow cytometry, cytometry by time-of-flight, immunohistochemistry, and other molecular biology techniques was used. RESULTS: HαT prevalence in a large irritable bowel syndrome cohort was 5% (N = 8/158). Immunophenotyping of HαT PBMCs (N ≥ 27) revealed increased total and class-switched memory B cells. In the small bowel, expansion of tissue mast cells with expression of CD203c, HLA-DR, and FcεRI, higher intestinal epithelial cell pyroptosis, and increased class-switched memory B cells were observed. IgG profiles in sera from individuals with HαT (N = 21) significantly differed from those in individuals with quiescent Crohn disease (N = 20) and non-HαT controls (N = 19), with increased antibodies directed against GI-associated proteins identified in individuals with HαT. CONCLUSIONS: Increased mast cell number and intestinal epithelial cell pyroptosis in the small intestine, and class-switched memory B cells in both the gut and peripheral blood associated with IgG reactive to GI-related proteins, distinguish HαT from functional GI disease. These innate and adaptive immunologic findings identified in association with HαT are suggestive of subclinical intestinal inflammation in symptomatic individuals.
- Published
- 2021
4. Neuroimmunologie der allergischen Rhinitis Teil 2: Interaktionen von Neuronen und Immunzellen und neuroimmunologische Einheiten.
- Author
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Klimek, L., Werminghaus, P., Bergmann, C., Hagemann, J., Huppertz, T., Bärhold, F., Klimek, F., Dziadziulia, K., Casper, I., Polk, M.-L., Cuevas, M., Gröger, M., and Becker, S.
- Abstract
Copyright of HNO is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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5. Esophageal mast cells may be associated with the perception of symptoms in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis.
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Kanamori, Atsushi, Tanaka, Fumio, Takashima, Shingo, Sawada, Akinari, Ominami, Masaki, Nadatani, Yuji, Fukunaga, Shusei, Otani, Koji, Hosomi, Shuhei, Kamata, Noriko, Nagami, Yasuaki, Taira, Koichi, Watanabe, Toshio, and Fujiwara, Yasuhiro
- Abstract
Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a type 2 helper T-cell (Th2)-mediated allergic disease that involves mast cells. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between perception of symptoms and mast cell levels in patients with EoE. Methods: We enrolled patients with asymptomatic esophageal eosinophilia (aEE) and those with symptomatic EoE. Immunofluorescence staining was performed on esophageal biopsy specimens to quantify mast cell-related molecules, such as tryptase, proteinase-activated receptor (PAR)-2, and vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor (VPAC)-1. Results: We evaluated 28 and 58 patients with aEE and EoE, respectively. There were no significant differences in clinical and endoscopic features and peak eosinophil counts between both groups. Mast cell tryptase-positive areas were significantly higher in EoE than in aEE (4.9 [3.5–6.2] vs. 2.0 [1.2–3.4] %, p < 0.01). The number of PAR-2-positive cells was significantly higher in EoE than in aEE (14 [8.8–20.0] vs. 4 [2.8–8.0] cells/high-power field [HPF], p < 0.01). The number of VPAC-1-positive cells was significantly higher in the EoE group than in the aEE group (13 [8.8–16.0] vs. 6 [3.0–9.3] cells/HPF, p < 0.01). A positive correlation was observed between the numbers of PAR-2-positive cells and VPAC-1-positive cells (r = 0.851, p < 0.01). Moreover, mast cell tryptase-positive areas positively correlated with the number of PAR-2- and VPAC-1-positive cells (r = 0.352, p < 0.01; r = 0.355, p < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Esophageal mast cells and their receptors, PAR-2 and VPAC-1, may contribute to the perception of symptoms in patients with EoE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. An Allosteric Anti-tryptase Antibody for the Treatment of Mast Cell-Mediated Severe Asthma
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Maun, Henry R, Jackman, Janet K, Choy, David F, Loyet, Kelly M, Staton, Tracy L, Jia, Guiquan, Dressen, Amy, Hackney, Jason A, Bremer, Meire, Walters, Benjamin T, Vij, Rajesh, Chen, Xiaocheng, Trivedi, Neil N, Morando, Ashley, Lipari, Michael T, Franke, Yvonne, Wu, Xiumin, Zhang, Juan, Liu, John, Wu, Ping, Chang, Diana, Orozco, Luz D, Christensen, Erin, Wong, Manda, Corpuz, Racquel, Hang, Julie Q, Lutman, Jeff, Sukumaran, Siddharth, Wu, Yan, Ubhayakar, Savita, Liang, Xiaorong, Schwartz, Lawrence B, Babina, Magda, Woodruff, Prescott G, Fahy, John V, Ahuja, Rahul, Caughey, George H, Kusi, Aija, Dennis, Mark S, Eigenbrot, Charles, Kirchhofer, Daniel, Austin, Cary D, Wu, Lawren C, Koerber, James T, Lee, Wyne P, Yaspan, Brian L, Alatsis, Kathila R, Arron, Joseph R, Lazarus, Robert A, and Yi, Tangsheng
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Biochemistry and Cell Biology ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Biological Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Asthma ,Lung ,5.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Respiratory ,Adolescent ,Allosteric Regulation ,Animals ,Antibodies ,Monoclonal ,Humanized ,Cell Line ,Female ,Humans ,Macaca fascicularis ,Male ,Mast Cells ,Mice ,Mice ,Inbred BALB C ,Mice ,Inbred NOD ,Mice ,SCID ,Rabbits ,Tryptases ,allosteric protease inhibitor ,anti-IgE ,anti-tryptase ,antibody engineering ,asthma ,mast cell ,non-type 2 asthma ,serine protease ,tryptase ,tryptase genetics ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Developmental Biology ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Abstract
Severe asthma patients with low type 2 inflammation derive less clinical benefit from therapies targeting type 2 cytokines and represent an unmet need. We show that mast cell tryptase is elevated in severe asthma patients independent of type 2 biomarker status. Active β-tryptase allele count correlates with blood tryptase levels, and asthma patients carrying more active alleles benefit less from anti-IgE treatment. We generated a noncompetitive inhibitory antibody against human β-tryptase, which dissociates active tetramers into inactive monomers. A 2.15 Å crystal structure of a β-tryptase/antibody complex coupled with biochemical studies reveal the molecular basis for allosteric destabilization of small and large interfaces required for tetramerization. This anti-tryptase antibody potently blocks tryptase enzymatic activity in a humanized mouse model, reducing IgE-mediated systemic anaphylaxis, and inhibits airway tryptase in Ascaris-sensitized cynomolgus monkeys with favorable pharmacokinetics. These data provide a foundation for developing anti-tryptase as a clinical therapy for severe asthma.
- Published
- 2019
7. Changes in tryptase levels during cardiac surgery in patients at low risk for allergic reactions
- Author
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Menekse Oksar, Hasibe G. Baytan, Selim Turhanoglu, Tayfun Aybek, Nazife Y. Ardicoglu, and Oguzhan Ozcan
- Subjects
hypersensitivity ,anaesthesia ,cardiac procedures ,protamines ,adverse effects ,tryptases ,Medicine - Abstract
Tryptase test can be used as a clinical marker of mast cell activation. The present study is was aimed to identify variations in serum tryptase levels and their possible relationships with allergic reactions to protamine in low-risk patients undergoing cardiac bypass surgery. Thirty patients according to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III who underwent cardiac bypass surgery were enrolled. This prospective, non-randomised, clinical study was conducted in an operating room. Venous blood samples for tryptase measurements were obtained from cardiac bypass surgery patients upon admission to the operating room and immediately before and 30 min after the initiation of protamine administration. Signs of allergic reactions were recorded and management steps based on rapid effect response-based clinical assessments for diagnosis and treatment decisions during protamine administrations were described. Serum tryptase levels and clinical signs of allergic reactions, primarily mean arterial pressure (MAP), were recorded. Serum tryptase levels increased significantly and progressively during the bypass procedure (study power, 80%; sample size, 28; power of analysis, 99.8% with α=0.05); however, tryptase levels did not reach a sufficiently high level to confirm an allergic reaction. The MAP and heart rate decreased in 50% of the patients. Although tryptase increased significantly when compared with baseline levels, protamine-associated increases were not significant and failed to provide an unequivocal indication of an allergic response to protamine.
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- 2022
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8. Different levels of mucus inflammatory mediators in nasal polyposis with and without aeroallergen sensitivity
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Aleksandar Dimić, Aleksandar Perić, Uglješa Grgurević, Jelena Sotirović, Milica Labus, Nenad Baletić, Milanko Milojević, Ivan Stanojević, and Danilo Vojvodić
- Subjects
eosinophil cationic protein ,heat‐shock proteins ,inflammation ,nasal polyps ,substance P ,Tryptases ,Otorhinolaryngology ,RF1-547 ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Abstract Objectives Biomarker levels in nasal secretions can reflect the inflammatory status of nasal mucosa and evolution of sinus disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between local inflammatory mediator production and clinical characteristics of patients with nasal polyposis (NP). Methods Thirty‐one nonaeroallergen sensitized patients with NP (NANP), 29 aeroallergen sensitized patients with NP (ANP), and 30 subjects without inflammation of nasal mucosa as controls (C) entered this prospective, cross‐sectional study. Clinical parameters (symptoms, endoscopic, and radiological findings) were assessed. The concentrations of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), tryptase, substance P and Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) were measured in the nasal secretion samples of all participants by ELISA method. Results Our results showed higher concentrations of HSP70, ECP, and tryptase in ANP than in NANP and C (p
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- 2022
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9. Mast Cell Activation and KSHV Infection in Kaposi Sarcoma
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Ayers, Leona W, Barbachano-Guerrero, Arturo, McAllister, Shane C, Ritchie, Julie A, Asiago-Reddy, Elizabeth, Bartlett, Linda C, Cesarman, Ethel, Wang, Dongliang, Rochford, Rosemary, Martin, Jeffrey N, and King, Christine A
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,Rare Diseases ,Sexually Transmitted Infections ,Infectious Diseases ,HIV/AIDS ,Cancer ,Emerging Infectious Diseases ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Infection ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Biomarkers ,Cytokines ,Disease Susceptibility ,Female ,Herpesviridae Infections ,Herpesvirus 8 ,Human ,Humans ,Immunohistochemistry ,Male ,Mast Cells ,Methylhistamines ,Middle Aged ,Models ,Biological ,Sarcoma ,Kaposi ,Skin ,Tryptases ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Clinical sciences ,Oncology and carcinogenesis - Abstract
Purpose: Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor initiated by infection of endothelial cells (ECs) with KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS is dependent on sustained proinflammatory signals provided by intralesional leukocytes and continued infection of new ECs. However, the sources of these cytokines and infectious virus within lesions are not fully understood. Here, mast cells (MCs) are identified as proinflammatory cells within KS lesions that are permissive for, and activated by, infection with KSHV.Experimental Design: Three validated MC lines were used to assess permissivity of MCs to infection with KSHV and to evaluate MCs activation following infection. Biopsies from 31 AIDS-KS cases and 11 AIDS controls were evaluated by IHC for the presence of MCs in KS lesions and assessment of MC activation state and infection with KSHV. Plasma samples from 26 AIDS-KS, 13 classic KS, and 13 healthy adults were evaluated for levels of MC granule contents tryptase and histamine.Results: In culture, MCs supported latent and lytic KSHV infection, and infection-induced MC degranulation. Within KS lesions, MCs were closely associated with spindle cells. Furthermore, MC activation was extensive within patients with KS, reflected by elevated circulating levels of tryptase and a histamine metabolite. One patient with clinical signs of extensive MC activation was treated with antagonists of MC proinflammatory mediators, which resulted in a rapid and durable regression of AIDS-KS lesions.Conclusions: Using complimentary in vitro and in vivo studies we identify MCs as a potential long-lived reservoir for KSHV and a source of proinflammatory mediators within the KS lesional microenvironment. In addition, we identify MC antagonists as a promising novel therapeutic approach for KS. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5085-97. ©2018 AACR.
- Published
- 2018
10. CHANGES IN TRYPTASE LEVELS DURING CARDIAC SURGERY IN PATIENTS AT LOW RISK FOR ALLERGIC REACTIONS.
- Author
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Oksar, Menekse, Baytan, Hasibe G., Turhanoglu, Selim, Aybek, Tayfun, Ardicoglu, Nazife Y., and Ozcan, Oguzhan
- Subjects
- *
TRYPTASE , *CARDIAC surgery , *ALLERGIES , *CARDIAC patients , *SKIN tests , *BIOMARKERS , *MILK allergy - Abstract
Tryptase test can be used as a clinical marker of mast cell activation. The present study is was aimed to identify variations in serum tryptase levels and their possible relationships with allergic reactions to protamine in low-risk patients undergoing cardiac bypass surgery. Thirty patients according to American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III who underwent cardiac bypass surgery were enrolled. This prospective, non-randomised, clinical study was conducted in an operating room. Venous blood samples for tryptase measurements were obtained from cardiac bypass surgery patients upon admission to the operating room and immediately before and 30 min after the initiation of protamine administration. Signs of allergic reactions were recorded and management steps based on rapid effect response-based clinical assessments for diagnosis and treatment decisions during protamine administrations were described. Serum tryptase levels and clinical signs of allergic reactions, primarily mean arterial pressure (MAP), were recorded. Serum tryptase levels increased significantly and progressively during the bypass procedure (study power, 80%; sample size, 28; power of analysis, 99.8% with α=0.05); however, tryptase levels did not reach a sufficiently high level to confirm an allergic reaction. The MAP and heart rate decreased in 50% of the patients. Although tryptase increased significantly when compared with baseline levels, protamine-associated increases were not significant and failed to provide an unequivocal indication of an allergic response to protamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Different levels of mucus inflammatory mediators in nasal polyposis with and without aeroallergen sensitivity.
- Author
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Dimić, Aleksandar, Perić, Aleksandar, Grgurević, Uglješa, Sotirović, Jelena, Labus, Milica, Baletić, Nenad, Milojević, Milanko, Stanojević, Ivan, and Vojvodić, Danilo
- Subjects
- *
TRYPTASE , *INFLAMMATORY mediators , *NASAL polyps , *HEAT shock proteins , *BASIC proteins , *RHINITIS , *SUBSTANCE P , *MUCUS - Abstract
Objectives: Biomarker levels in nasal secretions can reflect the inflammatory status of nasal mucosa and evolution of sinus disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between local inflammatory mediator production and clinical characteristics of patients with nasal polyposis (NP). Methods: Thirty‐one nonaeroallergen sensitized patients with NP (NANP), 29 aeroallergen sensitized patients with NP (ANP), and 30 subjects without inflammation of nasal mucosa as controls (C) entered this prospective, cross‐sectional study. Clinical parameters (symptoms, endoscopic, and radiological findings) were assessed. The concentrations of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), tryptase, substance P and Clara cell protein 16 (CC16) were measured in the nasal secretion samples of all participants by ELISA method. Results: Our results showed higher concentrations of HSP70, ECP, and tryptase in ANP than in NANP and C (p <.001 for all markers). On the other hand, levels of CC16 were significantly higher in C than in NANP and ANP groups (p <.001; p <.001, respectively). We found positive correlations between HSP70, ECP, tryptase, and substance P levels and nasal symptom score in patients with NP. Also, HSP70, ECP, tryptase, and substance P showed different levels of positive correlation among themselves, with HSP70 showing highest positive correlation with ECP. Finally, relatively strong negative correlations were found between the levels of CC16 and nasal symptoms, as well as between the CC16 levels and levels of other four mediators in nasal fluid. Conclusion: HSP70, ECP, tryptase, and substance P might play a role in the pathogenesis of NP. The results suggest that chronic inflammation in NP involves a self‐sustaining local release of HSP70, ECP, and tryptase, independent of aeroallergen stimulation of the mucosal layer, although the production of these mediators is higher in aeroallergen sensitized NP patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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12. Data from University Clinical Centre of Serbia Update Knowledge in Anaphylaxis (Tryptase: The Silent Witness of Past and Ongoing Systemic Events).
- Abstract
A new study from the University Clinical Centre of Serbia highlights the role of serum tryptase in allergic disorders and other mast cell-related conditions. Tryptase is an important biomarker used in the laboratory confirmation of severe hypersensitivity reactions, particularly anaphylaxis. The study emphasizes the clinical potential of tryptase and provides guidelines for its measurement and interpretation. Elevated tryptase levels require further investigation and a multidisciplinary approach. This research is relevant for individuals with clinical suspicion of mast cell degranulation. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
13. Patent Application Titled "Dosing For Anti-Tryptase Antibodies" Published Online (USPTO 20240270873).
- Subjects
AMINO acid sequence ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes ,BLOOD protein disorders ,BLOOD proteins ,PATIENT experience ,URTICARIA ,AUTOIMMUNE diseases - Abstract
The patent application titled "Dosing for Anti-Tryptase Antibodies" discusses a method of treating chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) using anti-tryptase beta antibodies. CSU is a condition characterized by hives and swelling that lasts for at least six weeks without an obvious cause. The method involves administering the antibody to patients with refractory CSU who have not responded to antihistamines. The application includes information on dosing regimens, cycles, and the specific amino acid sequences of the antibody. Improved therapies for CSU are still being sought. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
14. Charite - University Medicine Berlin Reports Findings in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (Characterization of cells and mediators associated with pruritus in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas).
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CUTANEOUS T-cell lymphoma ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes ,LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE disorders ,T-cell lymphoma ,LYMPHATIC diseases ,ITCHING - Abstract
A recent study conducted by Charite - University Medicine Berlin examined the characteristics of pruritus (itching) in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients. The researchers found that pruritus was prevalent and severe in CTCL patients, leading to significant impairment in quality of life, sleep, and psychological distress. Elevated levels of certain mediators, such as IL-31 and tryptase, were found in CTCL patients with pruritus, suggesting that these could be potential therapeutic targets for managing itching in CTCL patients. The study highlights the need for appropriate therapeutic management of pruritus in CTCL patients. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
15. Findings from University 'Magna Graecia' Catanzaro Provide New Insights into Pancreatic Cancer (Relationship Between Mast Cell, Angiogenesis and Pancreatic Cancer: Our Experience).
- Abstract
Researchers from the University 'Magna Graecia' Catanzaro in Italy have conducted a study on the relationship between mast cells, angiogenesis, and pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest types of cancer, with the highest incidence and mortality rates found in developed countries. The researchers focused on the role of mast cells, which contain pro-angiogenic factors that are associated with increased angiogenesis in various tumors. The study assessed the density of mast cells, the area of mast cells, and angiogenesis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue and adjacent normal tissue. This research provides new insights into the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer and may contribute to the development of prevention strategies. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
16. "Methods For Diagnosis And Treatment Of Chronic Prostatitis And/Or Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome" in Patent Application Approval Process (USPTO 20240230650).
- Abstract
A patent application has been filed for methods of diagnosing and treating chronic prostatitis and/or chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). The methods involve monitoring biomarkers of mast cell activity, such as mast cell tryptase and carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3), in samples from patients. Elevated levels of these biomarkers may indicate a diagnosis of CP/CPPS, and treatment options include mast cell inhibitor therapy. The patent application provides detailed methods and kits for performing these diagnostic and treatment procedures. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
17. Researchers Submit Patent Application, "Inhibitors of Tryptases and Their Use in Treating Allergies", for Approval (USPTO 20240226076).
- Subjects
PATENT applications ,RESEARCH personnel ,ALLERGIES ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes ,RESPIRATORY diseases - Abstract
A patent application has been submitted for the use of tryptase inhibitors in treating allergies, asthma, and mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS). Tryptases are enzymes secreted by mast cells, and when released in excess, they can cause severe allergic reactions. The patent application specifically mentions Avoralstat as a tryptase inhibitor for these conditions. The methods involve administering the inhibitor orally or intravenously, either daily or intermittently, and may be combined with other medications such as antihistamines or corticosteroids. The patent application provides further details and can be accessed for more information. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
18. Reports Summarize Anaphylaxis Findings from Mayo Clinic (A Us-based Multicenter Retrospective Report of Perioperative Anaphylaxis, 2010-2021).
- Abstract
A recent study conducted at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida examined cases of perioperative anaphylaxis (POA) in the United States from 2010 to 2021. The study found that a serum acute tryptase (sAT) level above 9.8 ng/mL or mast cell activation (MCA) can predict the identification of the causal agent in POA. However, urinary mast cell mediator metabolites (uMC) were not found to be associated with the identification of the causal agent. The study suggests using an acute/baseline uMC ratio in patients with inconclusive tryptase levels during POA evaluations. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
19. Studies from Linkoping University Describe New Findings in Irritable Bowel Syndrome [ReFerm(R): a postbiotic fermented oat gruel composition is reducing mast cell degranulation in the colon of patients with irritable bowel syndrome].
- Subjects
MAST cells ,IRRITABLE colon ,FUNCTIONAL colonic diseases ,PORRIDGE ,DIGESTIVE system diseases ,OATS - Abstract
A recent study conducted at Linkoping University in Sweden investigated the effects of a postbiotic product called ReFerm(R) on patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). ReFerm(R) is derived from oat gruel fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum 299v and has been shown to improve intestinal permeability in IBS patients. The study found that treatment with ReFerm(R) significantly reduced mast cell tryptase protein levels and mast cell degranulation in the colon of IBS patients, suggesting a decrease in mast cell activity as a potential mechanism for the beneficial effects of ReFerm(R). However, further research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms of ReFerm(R) in the colons of IBS patients. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
20. Reports Summarize Anaphylaxis Study Results from Konkuk University Medical Center (Remimazolam-Induced Anaphylaxis and Cardiovascular Collapse: A Narrative Systematic Review of Eleven Cases).
- Abstract
A recent study conducted by researchers at Konkuk University Medical Center in Seoul, South Korea, examined the characteristics of remimazolam-induced anaphylaxis (RIA), a rare but severe complication associated with the use of remimazolam, a benzodiazepine used for sedation and anesthesia. The study analyzed eleven cases of RIA and found that hypotension was the most common symptom, followed by bradycardia and desaturation. Epinephrine was the primary treatment for RIA. The researchers emphasized the importance of vigilance when administering remimazolam and adhering to recommended dosages, as well as the need for further research to understand risk factors and refine management strategies. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
21. Findings from University of Messina Provide New Insights into Ophthalmic Diagnostic Agents (Fatal Outcome Due to Kounis Syndrome Following Fluorescein Retinal Angiography: A Case Report).
- Abstract
A recent report from the University of Messina in Italy discusses the case of a patient who experienced a fatal outcome due to Kounis Syndrome (KS) following fluorescein retinal angiography. KS is a clinical condition triggered by allergic or hypersensitivity reactions that can lead to acute coronary events. The patient, an 80-year-old man, underwent the procedure and shortly after experienced symptoms such as sweating, dizziness, and loss of consciousness, ultimately resulting in cardiac arrest and death. The autopsy revealed evidence of allergic coronary vasospasm and myocardial ischemia as the cause of death. The report emphasizes the rarity of KS-related deaths and the challenges in diagnosing them post mortem. The integration of various investigations can help support the diagnosis and reduce unrecognized cases. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
22. Elevated basal serum tryptase identifies a multisystem disorder associated with increased TPSAB1 copy number
- Author
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Lyons, Jonathan J, Yu, Xiaomin, Hughes, Jason D, Le, Quang T, Jamil, Ali, Bai, Yun, Ho, Nancy, Zhao, Ming, Liu, Yihui, O'Connell, Michael P, Trivedi, Neil N, Nelson, Celeste, DiMaggio, Thomas, Jones, Nina, Matthews, Helen, Lewis, Katie L, Oler, Andrew J, Carlson, Ryan J, Arkwright, Peter D, Hong, Celine, Agama, Sherene, Wilson, Todd M, Tucker, Sofie, Zhang, Yu, McElwee, Joshua J, Pao, Maryland, Glover, Sarah C, Rothenberg, Marc E, Hohman, Robert J, Stone, Kelly D, Caughey, George H, Heller, Theo, Metcalfe, Dean D, Biesecker, Leslie G, Schwartz, Lawrence B, and Milner, Joshua D
- Subjects
Biological Sciences ,Ecology ,Digestive Diseases ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aged ,Child ,Chronic Pain ,Connective Tissue Diseases ,DNA Copy Number Variations ,Dysautonomia ,Familial ,Female ,Gastrointestinal Diseases ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Pruritus ,Skin Diseases ,Tryptases ,Young Adult ,Medical and Health Sciences ,Developmental Biology ,Agricultural biotechnology ,Bioinformatics and computational biology ,Genetics - Abstract
Elevated basal serum tryptase levels are present in 4-6% of the general population, but the cause and relevance of such increases are unknown. Previously, we described subjects with dominantly inherited elevated basal serum tryptase levels associated with multisystem complaints including cutaneous flushing and pruritus, dysautonomia, functional gastrointestinal symptoms, chronic pain, and connective tissue abnormalities, including joint hypermobility. Here we report the identification of germline duplications and triplications in the TPSAB1 gene encoding α-tryptase that segregate with inherited increases in basal serum tryptase levels in 35 families presenting with associated multisystem complaints. Individuals harboring alleles encoding three copies of α-tryptase had higher basal serum levels of tryptase and were more symptomatic than those with alleles encoding two copies, suggesting a gene-dose effect. Further, we found in two additional cohorts (172 individuals) that elevated basal serum tryptase levels were exclusively associated with duplication of α-tryptase-encoding sequence in TPSAB1, and affected individuals reported symptom complexes seen in our initial familial cohort. Thus, our findings link duplications in TPSAB1 with irritable bowel syndrome, cutaneous complaints, connective tissue abnormalities, and dysautonomia.
- Published
- 2016
23. Characteristics and Laboratory Findings of Food-Induced Anaphylaxis in Children: Study in an Asian Developing Country.
- Author
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Nantanee, Rapisa, Suratannon, Narissara, and Chatchatee, Pantipa
- Subjects
- *
ASIANS , *MILK allergy , *PEANUT allergy , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN E , *ANAPHYLAXIS , *FOOD allergy , *BABY foods ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Introduction: Food allergy is the major cause of pediatric anaphylaxis. Characteristics and triggers may be different in different geographical regions. Studies focusing on food-induced anaphylaxis (FIA) in Asian developing countries are limited. Our study aimed to study characteristics of FIA in a tertiary care center in an Asian developing country. Methods: Retrospective review of pediatric anaphylaxis admission and outpatient visit at a tertiary care hospital in Bangkok, Thailand during 2008–2018 was performed. Data regarding clinical presentation, place reaction occurred, time of onset, investigations (serum tryptase, specific immunoglobulin E, and skin test), treatment, and follow-up periods were collected. Results: One hundred seventy-four anaphylaxis admission records of which 61 episodes of FIA were retrieved. Data from outpatients visit consisted of 17 patients. Most patients were male (76.7%). The median age was 7.1 years (interquartile range 1.9–12.4). The major causes of FIA were shrimp/shellfish (37%), wheat (15.1%), and cow's milk (11%). Food causing anaphylaxis varied according to age-group: infants had anaphylactic reactions to egg, wheat, and cow's milk, preschools to wheat and peanut, and older children to shrimp/shellfish. Cutaneous manifestations occurred in all patients, followed by lower respiratory tract symptoms (83.6%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (50.8%). There was no biphasic anaphylaxis reported. Elevated serum tryptase was found in only 4 patients (7%). Conclusion: Recognizing characteristics of pediatric FIA is crucial. The common causes of FIA in our study in Asian children were egg in infants, wheat and peanut in preschool children, and shrimp/shellfish in school-age children and adolescents. Skin manifestation presented in all patients with FIA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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24. Expression of NMU and NMUR1 in tryptase-positive mast cells and PBLs in allergic rhinitis patients' nasal mucosa.
- Author
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Zhao W, An Y, Cheng F, and Zhao C
- Subjects
- Humans, Leukocytes, Nasal Mucosa metabolism, Receptors, Neurotransmitter metabolism, Tryptases, Mast Cells, Rhinitis, Allergic
- Abstract
Background: The neuropeptide U (NMU) has been proven to elicit the release of mediators from mast cells (MCs) through its receptor NMUR1 in allergic inflammatory models. However, little is known about the correlations between NMU and MCs in human allergic rhinitis (AR)., Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the expressions of NMU and NMUR1 in the tryptase + MCs and the peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) in human nasal mucosa with AR., Methods: Specimens of nasal mucosa from patients with AR (n = 10) and control patients without AR (n = 8) were collected and soaked in frozen tissue liquid solution (OCT) in tum. Cryostat sections were prepared for immunofluorescence staining. Tryptase was used as a marker to detect mast cells and other tryptase + immune cells. The expression of NMU and NMUR1 was respectively determined by double staining using a confocal microscope., Results: Neither NMU nor NMUR1 were detected in the tryptase + mast cells in the human nasal mucosa. To our surprise, both NMU and NMUR1 were co-expressed with tryptase in the PBLs within peripheral blood vessels in AR and controls., Conclusion: Our findings showed that NMU could not influence human nasal tryptase + mast cells directly through NMUR1 in AR. The co-expression of both NMU and NMUR1 with tryptase in the PBLs provided new insight into the potential roles of NMU and tryptase in the circulation PBLs, and the infiltrated PBLs may promote nasal allergic inflammation by producing tryptase and NMU., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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25. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) Is Cleaved by Human Mast Cell Tryptase and Chymase.
- Author
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Canè L, Poto R, Palestra F, Iacobucci I, Pirozzi M, Parashuraman S, Ferrara AL, Illiano A, La Rocca A, Mercadante E, Pucci P, Marone G, Spadaro G, Loffredo S, Monti M, and Varricchi G
- Subjects
- Humans, Tryptases, Chymases, Angiogenesis Inducing Agents, Serine Proteases, Cytokines, Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin, Asthma
- Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), mainly expressed by epithelial cells, plays a central role in asthma. In humans, TSLP exists in two variants: the long form TSLP (lfTSLP) and a shorter TSLP isoform (sfTSLP). Macrophages (HLMs) and mast cells (HLMCs) are in close proximity in the human lung and play key roles in asthma. We evaluated the early proteolytic effects of tryptase and chymase released by HLMCs on TSLP by mass spectrometry. We also investigated whether TSLP and its fragments generated by these enzymes induce angiogenic factor release from HLMs. Mass spectrometry (MS) allowed the identification of TSLP cleavage sites caused by tryptase and chymase. Recombinant human TSLP treated with recombinant tryptase showed the production of 1-97 and 98-132 fragments. Recombinant chymase treatment of TSLP generated two peptides, 1-36 and 37-132. lfTSLP induced the release of VEGF-A, the most potent angiogenic factor, from HLMs. By contrast, the four TSLP fragments generated by tryptase and chymase failed to activate HLMs. Long-term TSLP incubation with furin generated two peptides devoid of activating property on HLMs. These results unveil an intricate interplay between mast cell-derived proteases and TSLP. These findings have potential relevance in understanding novel aspects of asthma pathobiology.
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- 2024
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26. Sugammadex in systemic mastocytosis: Case report and a systematic review of literature
- Author
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Becerra-Bolaños, A., Muiño-Palomar, V., Cabrera-Doreste, S., and Rodríguez-Pérez, A.
- Published
- 2022
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27. Divergent Inhibitor Susceptibility among Airway Lumen-Accessible Tryptic Proteases.
- Author
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Nimishakavi, Shilpa, Raymond, Wilfred W, Gruenert, Dieter C, and Caughey, George H
- Subjects
Bronchi ,Cells ,Cultured ,Epithelial Cells ,Humans ,Gabexate ,Serine Endopeptidases ,Aprotinin ,Serine Proteinase Inhibitors ,Catalytic Domain ,Tryptases ,Cells ,Cultured ,General Science & Technology - Abstract
Tryptic serine proteases of bronchial epithelium regulate ion flux, barrier integrity, and allergic inflammation. Inhibition of some of these proteases is a strategy to improve mucociliary function in cystic fibrosis and asthmatic inflammation. Several inhibitors have been tested in pre-clinical animal models and humans. We hypothesized that these inhibitors inactivate a variety of airway protease targets, potentially with bystander effects. To establish relative potencies and modes of action, we compared inactivation of human prostasin, matriptase, airway trypsin-like protease (HAT), and β-tryptase by nafamostat, camostat, bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane (BABIM), aprotinin, and benzamidine. Nafamostat achieved complete, nearly stoichiometric and very slowly reversible inhibition of matriptase and tryptase, but inhibited prostasin less potently and was weakest versus HAT. The IC50 of nafamostat's leaving group, 6-amidino-2-naphthol, was >104-fold higher than that of nafamostat itself, consistent with suicide rather than product inhibition as mechanisms of prolonged inactivation. Stoichiometric release of 6-amidino-2-naphthol allowed highly sensitive fluorometric estimation of active-site concentration in preparations of matriptase and tryptase. Camostat inactivated all enzymes but was less potent overall and weakest towards matriptase, which, however was strongly inhibited by BABIM. Aprotinin exhibited nearly stoichiometric inhibition of prostasin and matriptase, but was much weaker towards HAT and was completely ineffective versus tryptase. Benzamidine was universally weak. Thus, each inhibitor profile was distinct. Nafamostat, camostat and aprotinin markedly reduced tryptic activity on the apical surface of cystic fibrosis airway epithelial monolayers, suggesting prostasin as the major source of such activity and supporting strategies targeting prostasin for inactivation.
- Published
- 2015
28. Mast cells are key mediators of cathelicidin-initiated skin inflammation in rosacea.
- Author
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Muto, Yumiko, Wang, Zhenping, Vanderberghe, Matthieu, Two, Aimee, Gallo, Richard L, and Di Nardo, Anna
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Mast Cells ,Keratinocytes ,Skin ,Animals ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,Humans ,Mice ,Rosacea ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Inflammation ,Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ,Interleukin-6 ,Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ,Tryptases ,Chymases ,Disease Models ,Animal ,Inbred C57BL ,Clinical Sciences ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Dermatology & Venereal Diseases - Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease whose pathophysiological mechanism is still unclear. However, it is known that mast cell (MC) numbers are increased in the dermis of rosacea patients. MC proteases not only recruit other immune cells, which amplify the inflammatory response, but also cause vasodilation and angiogenesis. MCs are also one of the primary sources of cathelicidin LL-37 (Cath LL-37), an antimicrobial peptide that has been shown to be an enabler of rosacea pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that MCs are key mediators of cathelicidin-initiated skin inflammation. After Cath LL-37 injection into the dermis, MC-deficient B6.Cg-Kit(W-sh)/HNihrJaeBsmJ (KitW-sh) mice did not develop rosacea-like features. Conversely, chymase (P
- Published
- 2014
29. Findings on Pancreatic Diseases and Conditions Discussed by Investigators at University of Tennessee (Mast Cell Concentrations In Pancreatic Disease Processes).
- Subjects
MAST cells ,PANCREATIC diseases ,PANCREATIC tumors ,DIGESTIVE system diseases - Abstract
A recent report from the University of Tennessee discusses the role of mast cells in pancreatic diseases and conditions. The study evaluated 77 human pancreatic tissues using various staining techniques and found that mast cell counts were significantly higher with immunohistochemistry markers compared to the Wright stain. The research also concluded that endocrine tumors and morphologically normal pancreatic tissues had lower mast cell counts compared to benign fibrosis and adenocarcinoma, suggesting a relationship between fibrosis and increased mast cell concentrations. This research has been peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights into the understanding of pancreatic diseases. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
30. Studies from Albany Medical Center in the Area of Eosinophilic Esophagitis Reported (Expression of Cd25, Mast Cell Markers and T-cell Markers In Eosinophilic Esophagitis).
- Subjects
MAST cells ,EOSINOPHILIC esophagitis ,CD25 antigen ,MEDICAL centers ,DIGESTIVE system diseases ,T cells - Abstract
A study conducted at Albany Medical Center in New York examined the expression of certain markers in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EOE), a condition characterized by the presence of eosinophils in the esophagus. The study found that mast cells, as well as CD25 and T-cell markers, were more prevalent in patients with EOE compared to those without the condition. These findings suggest that there may be an inflammatory cellular response in EOE beyond just eosinophils, which warrants further investigation. The study has been peer-reviewed and published in the Annals of Diagnostic Pathology. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
31. Data on Irritable Bowel Syndrome Detailed by Researchers at Anhui University of Chinese Medicine (Original Electroacupuncture Protects the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier In Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats By Regulating the...).
- Subjects
IRRITABLE colon ,ELECTROACUPUNCTURE ,CHINESE medicine ,FUNCTIONAL colonic diseases ,RESEARCH personnel ,RATS - Abstract
Researchers at Anhui University of Chinese Medicine have conducted a study on the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). The study found that EA had a positive therapeutic effect on the rats, reducing loose stool rates and improving abdominal withdrawal reflex thresholds. The study also observed a decrease in inflammation of the colon tissue and a decrease in the number of mast cells. The researchers concluded that regulating the mast cells/tryptase/protease-activated receptor-2/myosin light chain kinase pathway may be a mechanism to protect the intestinal mucosal barrier. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
32. New Findings in Veterinary Medicine Described from Trakia University [Choline Acetyltransferase (Chat) Immunoreactive Structures In the Porcine Extrahepatic Bile Ducts].
- Subjects
BILE ducts ,VETERINARY medicine ,ACETYLTRANSFERASES ,CHOLINE ,TRYPTASE ,TRIMETHYL ammonium compounds ,GALLBLADDER cancer - Abstract
A study conducted at Trakia University in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, has provided new information on the presence of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunoreactive structures in the porcine extrahepatic bile ducts. The research aimed to analyze the qualitative and quantitative aspects of cholinergic ganglia, nerves, and non-neuronal cholinergic cells in the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts of healthy pigs. The study found that ganglia in the porcine gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts are cholinergic, and choline acetyltransferase was also detected in mast cells in these organs. The researchers suggest that interactions between mast cells and neurons may contribute to the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
33. Study Findings on Mastocytosis Discussed by a Researcher at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (Standardized indolent systemic mastocytosis evaluations across a healthcare system: implications for screening accuracy).
- Abstract
A recent study conducted at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, examined the diagnosis and screening of mastocytosis, a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of mast cells in various tissues. The researchers implemented a standardized approach for screening and diagnosis using a healthcare system-wide international screening registry. The study found that the implementation of standardized care led to an increase in the diagnosis of mastocytosis, particularly in patients with low levels of basal serum tryptase (BST). The researchers also found that stratifying BST based on genotype improved the accuracy of screening tests. Overall, the study highlights the importance of standardized approaches in improving the diagnosis of mastocytosis. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
34. Wroclaw Medical University Researcher Publishes New Study Findings on Allergies (Elderly Patients and Insect Venom Allergy: Are the Clinical Pictures and Immunological Parameters of Venom Allergy Age-Dependent?).
- Abstract
A new study conducted by researchers at Wroclaw Medical University in Poland explores the clinical and diagnostic differences of Hymenoptera venom allergy (HVA) in elderly patients. The study compared data from patients aged 60 and older to data from patients aged 11 to 60 in terms of HVA severity, comorbidities, and immunological parameters. The researchers found that the severity of systemic HVA did not differ between adults and seniors, but the severity of cardiovascular reactions increased with age while the frequency of respiratory reactions decreased. The study also found that advanced age does not influence the immunological parameters of immediate HVA reactions or impact the diagnosis of HVA. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
35. New Findings in Asthma Described from University of Naples Federico II [Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) Is Cleaved by Human Mast Cell Tryptase and Chymase].
- Subjects
THYMIC stromal lymphopoietin ,MAST cells ,TRYPTASE ,ASTHMA ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes - Abstract
A recent study conducted at the University of Naples Federico II in Italy has explored the role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in asthma. TSLP is expressed by epithelial cells and exists in two variants: the long form (lfTSLP) and a shorter isoform (sfTSLP). The study found that mast cells and macrophages in the human lung play important roles in asthma, and that tryptase and chymase, enzymes released by mast cells, cleave TSLP. The study also discovered that TSLP fragments generated by these enzymes do not activate human lung macrophages. These findings contribute to a better understanding of asthma pathobiology. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
36. Study Results from University of California San Diego (UCSD) Broaden Understanding of Anaphylaxis (Alpha-tryptase As a Risk-modifying Factor for Mast Cell-mediated Reactions).
- Subjects
ANAPHYLAXIS ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes ,ALLERGIES ,VENOM hypersensitivity ,MAST cell disease - Abstract
A recent study conducted at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) has shed light on the role of alpha-tryptase in mast cell-mediated reactions and anaphylaxis. The research suggests that genetic variability in tryptases, particularly the common genetic trait hereditary alpha-tryptasemia (H alpha T), can impact clinical allergy. H alpha T has been associated with clonal mast cell disorders and more frequent anaphylaxis. The study also found that increased alpha-tryptase expression is linked to more severe mast cell-mediated reactions. These findings provide valuable insights into the understanding and management of anaphylaxis. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
37. Reports Outline Osteoarthritis Study Results from University of Calgary (Tryptase ss Regulation of Joint Lubrication and Inflammation Via Proteoglycan-4 In Osteoarthritis).
- Abstract
A report from the University of Calgary discusses the role of a protein called PRG4 in osteoarthritis, a joint inflammatory disease. The research found that an enzyme called mast cell tryptase ss can cleave PRG4, leading to a reduction in joint lubrication and activation of NF-.B expression, which is associated with inflammation. The study also observed the colocalization of tryptase ss and PRG4 at the site of injury in knee cartilage in a rat model of osteoarthritis. The findings suggest that tryptase ss may play a role in modulating joint lubrication in osteoarthritis. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
38. New Gastroenterology Data Have Been Reported by Investigators at University of Cincinnati (Standardized Quantification of Mast Cells In the Gastrointestinal Tract In Adults).
- Subjects
MAST cells ,GASTROINTESTINAL system ,GASTROENTEROLOGY ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes ,ADULTS - Abstract
A study conducted at the University of Cincinnati aimed to address the lack of reliable reference ranges for mast cells in the adult gastrointestinal tract. The researchers examined biopsies from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract and determined the average and peak mast cell density. They found that the commonly used cutoff of 20 mast cells per high power field is an underestimate in certain segments of the gastrointestinal tract. These findings can help standardize mast cell reference ranges and aid in the diagnosis of mast cell-mediated diseases. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
39. Involvement of tryptase-positive mast cells and angiogenesis in the growth of inflammatory odontogenic cysts
- Author
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Hugo Costa Neto, Ana Luiza Dias Leite de Andrade, Andréia Ferreira do Carmo, Roseana de Almeida Freitas, and Hébel Cavalcanti Galvão
- Subjects
Microvascular Density ,Antigens, CD34 ,Mast Cells ,Tryptases ,Odontogenic Cysts ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
Abstract: Inflammatory periapical lesions are characterized by infiltration of different immune cell types, the functions of which depend on an effective vascular network. This study aimed to evaluate the mast cells density (MCD) in inflamatory odontogenic cysts capsules concerning microvascular density (MVD), microvascular area (MVA), and microvascular perimeter (MVP), and correlate such findings with the type of lesion, intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate, and thickness of the epithelial lining. Twenty inflamatory dentigerous cysts (IDCs), twenty radicular cysts (RCs), and twenty residual radicular cysts (RRCs) were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis using anti-tryptase and anti-CD34 antibodies. RCs exhibited the highest MCD, MVD, MVA, and MVP indexes (p = < 0.001, p = 0.008, p = 0.003 and p = < 0.001, respectively), and lesions with inflammatory infiltrate grade III showed the highest MVD (p = 0.044). Considering epithelial thickness, a higher MVP index was identified in lesions with hyperplastic epithelium (p = 0.018). In IDCs, RCs, and RRCs, a strong positive correlation was observed between MVA and MVP (r = 0.950 and p = < 0.001; r = 0.914 and p = < 0.001; r = 0.713 and p = < 0.001, respectively). In IDCs, a moderate correlation was observed between MCD and both MVA and MVP (r = 0.660 and p = 0.002; r = 0.634 and p = 0.003, respectively). These results suggest that tryptase-positive mast cells might play an important role in the angiogenic activity of IDCs, while RCs had the highest indexes. Our findings also confirmed that the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and epithelial thickness influence angiogenesis.
- Published
- 2021
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40. Immune responses in fatalities involving opioids
- Author
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Henry J. Carson
- Subjects
Forensic medicine ,allergy ,drug ,analgesics ,opioid ,asthma ,drug overdose ,tryptases ,Criminal law and procedure ,K5000-5582 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
In some cases of fatalities involving opioid use, the concentrations of detected opioids are not in the toxic range. Immune reactions can be triggered by opioid use, suggesting that immune response may be a factor in these cases. Autopsy cases from 2002–2012 were reviewed. Persons with physical, microscopic or serum evidence of allergic reactions and opioid use at autopsy were compared to persons who used opioids but had no such signs. Overall, 49 persons were identified who had used opioids, of which five had evidence of immune response. A medical history of asthma was significantly more common in persons with signs of immune response (P = 0.0244) and fatality (P = 0.0085) compared to normals. A history of asthma is suggestive of susceptibility to immunologic reactions to opioids, and correlates strongly with the cause of death.
- Published
- 2019
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41. Involvement of tryptase-positive mast cells and angiogenesis in the growth of inflammatory odontogenic cysts.
- Author
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COSTA NETO, Hugo, de ANDRADE, Ana Luiza Dias Leite, do CARMO, Andréia Ferreira, de Almeida FREITAS, Roseana, and GALVÃO, Hébel Cavalcanti
- Subjects
ODONTOGENIC cysts ,MAST cells ,CELL growth ,RADICULAR cyst ,DENTIGEROUS cyst ,IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY - Abstract
Inflammatory periapical lesions are characterized by infiltration of different immune cell types, the functions of which depend on an effective vascular network. This study aimed to evaluate the mast cells density (MCD) in inflamatory odontogenic cysts capsules concerning microvascular density (MVD), microvascular area (MVA), and microvascular perimeter (MVP), and correlate such findings with the type of lesion, intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate, and thickness of the epithelial lining. Twenty inflamatory dentigerous cysts (IDCs), twenty radicular cysts (RCs), and twenty residual radicular cysts (RRCs) were submitted to immunohistochemical analysis using anti-tryptase and anti-CD34 antibodies. RCs exhibited the highest MCD, MVD, MVA, and M VP i ndexes (p = < 0 .001, p = 0 .008, p = 0 .003 a nd p = < 0 .001, respectively), and lesions with inflammatory infiltrate grade III showed the highest MVD (p = 0.044). Considering epithelial thickness, a higher MVP index was identified in lesions with hyperplastic epithelium (p = 0.018). In IDCs, RCs, and RRCs, a strong positive correlation was o bserved b etween M VA a nd M VP (r = 0 .950 a nd p = < 0 .001; r = 0.914 and p = < 0.001; r = 0.713 and p = < 0.001, respectively). In IDCs, a moderate correlation was observed between MCD and both MVA and MVP (r = 0.660 and p = 0.002; r = 0.634 and p = 0.003, respectively). These results suggest that tryptase-positive mast cells might play an important role in the angiogenic activity of IDCs, while RCs had the highest indexes. Our findings also confirmed that the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and epithelial thickness influence angiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Kounis Syndrome, an Unrecognized Presentation of Perioperative Anaphylaxis in a Transplant Candidate.
- Author
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Hong, Andrew D., Fleissner, Zachary J., Campos-Cuellar, Cesar, Gonzalez-Estrada, Alexei, Mao, Shennen A., Doris Wang, R., and Pai, Sher-Lu
- Subjects
ANAPHYLAXIS ,LATEX ,ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY ,GENERAL anesthesia ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,ADRENALINE ,SURGICAL complications ,PATIENTS ,KIDNEY transplantation ,EXTRACORPOREAL membrane oxygenation ,URINARY catheters ,ST elevation myocardial infarction ,KOUNIS syndrome ,TRANSPLANTATION of organs, tissues, etc. ,LATEX allergy ,DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
The article presents a case report of a 52-year-old male due for kidney transplantation who had Kounis syndrome with a normal perfusion study with no stress-induced ischemia, and who later underwent transplantation without incidence when latex was avoided during the perioperative period.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Anti–IL-5 therapy reduces mast cell and IL-9 cell numbers in pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis
- Author
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Otani, Iris M, Anilkumar, Arjun A, Newbury, Robert O, Bhagat, Monica, Beppu, Lisa Y, Dohil, Ranjan, Broide, David H, and Aceves, Seema S
- Subjects
Clinical Research ,Digestive Diseases ,Food Allergies ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Antibodies ,Monoclonal ,Antibodies ,Monoclonal ,Humanized ,Cell Degranulation ,Eosinophilia ,Eosinophilic Esophagitis ,Esophagus ,Humans ,Interleukin-5 ,Interleukin-9 ,Mast Cells ,Mucous Membrane ,Tryptases ,Eosinophilic esophagitis ,pediatric ,eosinophils ,mast cells ,IL-5 ,IL-9 ,Immunology ,Allergy - Abstract
BackgroundEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a clinicopathologic entity of increasing worldwide prevalence. IL-5 is essential for eosinophil trafficking, and anti-IL-5 therapy decreases esophageal eosinophilia. EoE is associated with prominent mast cell infiltration.ObjectiveWe investigated whether anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab) treatment reduced esophageal mast cell accumulation in biopsy specimens from pediatric patients with EoE from a previous randomized anti-IL-5 trial.MethodsA subanalysis was completed for children treated with 0.55, 2.5, or 10 mg/kg mepolizumab monthly for 12 weeks followed by no treatment until week 24. Quantitative immunochemistry was used to assess the numbers of eosinophils, tryptase-positive mast cells, IL-9(+) cells, and mast cell-eosinophil couplets before and after treatment.ResultsForty-three biopsy specimens had adequate tissue for paired analysis. Forty percent of subjects responded to anti-IL-5 (defined as
- Published
- 2013
44. Febrile Phase Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor and Olfactomedin 4 as Prognostic Biomarkers for Severe Dengue in Adults.
- Author
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Teo A, Le CTT, Tan T, Chia PY, and Yeo TW
- Subjects
- Humans, Aged, Biomarkers, Prognosis, Chymases, Tryptases, Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator, Severe Dengue diagnosis, Glycoproteins, Extracellular Matrix Proteins
- Abstract
Background: Dengue cases continue to rise and can overwhelm healthcare systems during outbreaks. In dengue, neutrophil mediators, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and olfactomedin 4, and mast cell mediators, chymase and tryptase, have not been measured longitudinally across the dengue phases. The utility of these proteins as prognostic biomarkers for severe dengue has also not been assessed in an older adult population., Methods: We prospectively enrolled 99 adults with dengue-40 dengue fever, 46 dengue with warning signs and 13 severe dengue, along with 30 controls. Plasma levels of suPAR, olfactomedin 4, chymase and tryptase were measured at the febrile, critical and recovery phases in dengue patients., Results: The suPAR levels were significantly elevated in severe dengue compared to the other dengue severities and controls in the febrile (P < .001), critical (P < .001), and recovery (P = .005) phases. In the febrile phase, suPAR was a prognostic biomarker of severe dengue, with an AUROC of 0.82. Using a cutoff derived from Youden's index (5.4 ng/mL) and an estimated prevalence of severe dengue (16.5%) in our healthcare institution, the sensitivity was 71.4% with a specificity of 87.9% in the febrile phase, and the positive and negative predictive values were 54.7% and 95.8%, respectively. Olfactomedin 4 was elevated in dengue patients but not in proportion to disease severity in the febrile phase (P = .04) There were no significant differences in chymase and tryptase levels between dengue patients and controls., Conclusions: In adult dengue, suPAR may be a reliable prognostic biomarker for severe dengue in the febrile phase., Competing Interests: Potential conflicts of interest. The authors: No reported conflicts of interest. All authors have submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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45. Reversible Elevation of Tryptase Over the Individual's Baseline: Why is It the Best Biomarker for Severe Systemic Mast Cell Activation and MCAS?
- Author
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Valent P, Akin C, and Arock M
- Subjects
- Humans, Mast Cells, Tryptases, Biomarkers, Mastocytosis diagnosis, Anaphylaxis diagnosis
- Abstract
Purpose of Review: Mast cell (MC) activation syndromes (MCAS) are conditions defined by recurrent episodes of severe systemic anaphylaxis or similar systemic events triggered by MC-derived mediators that can be measured in biological fluids. Since some symptoms of MC activation may occur due to other, non-MC etiologies and lead to confusion over diagnosis, it is of crucial importance to document the involvement of MC and their products in the patients´ symptomatology., Recent Findings: The most specific and generally accepted marker of severe systemic MC activation is an event-related, transient increase in the serum tryptase level over the individual baseline of the affected individual. However, baseline concentrations of serum tryptase vary among donors, depending on the genetic background, age, kidney function, and underlying disease. As a result, it is of critical importance to provide a flexible equation that defines the diagnostic increase in tryptase qualifying as MCAS criterion in all patients, all situations, and all ranges of baseline serum tryptase. In 2012, the consensus group proposed the 120% + 2 ng/ml formula, which covers the great majority of groups, including cases with low, normal, or elevated basal serum tryptase level. This formula has been validated in subsequent studies and has proven to be a robust and consistent diagnostic criterion of MCAS. The present article is discussing the impact of this formula and possible limitations as well as alternative markers and mediators that may be indicative of MCAS., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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46. Low Prevalence of Idiopathic Mast Cell Activation Syndrome Among 703 Patients With Suspected Mast Cell Disorders.
- Author
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Zaghmout T, Maclachlan L, Bedi N, and Gülen T
- Subjects
- Humans, Adolescent, Adult, Mast Cells, Tryptases, Retrospective Studies, Prevalence, Delayed Diagnosis, Mast Cell Activation Syndrome, Mastocytosis diagnosis, Mastocytosis epidemiology, Hypersensitivity, Anaphylaxis diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Idiopathic mast cell activation syndrome (iMCAS) is characterized by severe, episodic systemic mast cell (MC) activation and mediator-related symptoms, an event-related increase in serum tryptase levels, and response to MC-targeted therapies in the absence of underlying IgE-mediated allergy or clonal MC disorder. Studies indicating its prevalence using evidence-based diagnostic criteria are lacking., Objective: To assess the prevalence and clinical and laboratory features of patients with iMCAS., Methods: We conducted a retrospective evaluation of data from 703 consecutive patients (aged ≥18 years) referred to our center based on suspicion of having MC disorders. Patients underwent a thorough clinical workup including patient history, allergy tests, KIT D816V mutation analysis, and/or bone marrow investigation. Disease activity was prospectively assessed during follow-up visits., Results: We identified 31 patients with confirmed iMCAS. Furthermore, hereditary α-tryptasemia was detected in three patients with baseline tryptase levels greater than 8 ng/mL. The most common clinical presentation during MCAS episodes was mucocutaneous symptoms in patients with iMCAS, especially urticaria or angioedema. However, these symptoms were less prevalent in patients with clonal MCAS (P = .015). The duration of diagnostic delay was significantly longer in patients with iMCAS compared to those with clonal MCAS (P = .02)., Conclusions: The overall prevalence of iMCAS was 4.4% in the entire cohort, which indicates that iMCAS is an uncommon condition. To accurately diagnose iMCAS, it is crucial to evaluate suspected patients using the three diagnostic MCAS criteria. This involves performing a comprehensive allergy work-up including laboratory tests and ultrasensitive mutation analysis of KIT D816V. Subsequently, recommended diagnostic algorithms should be applied., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Hereditary alpha tryptasemia presenting as recurrent chemotherapy hypersensitivity reactions.
- Author
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Monahan R, Alfaro E, Ho H, Otani IM, and Tsao LR
- Subjects
- Humans, Tryptases, Mast Cells, Hypersensitivity, Drug Hypersensitivity diagnosis, Drug Hypersensitivity genetics, Mastocytosis
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Disclosures The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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48. Mast Cell Concentrations in Pancreatic Disease Processes.
- Author
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Wynn L, Hodges V, and Criswell S
- Subjects
- Humans, Mast Cells pathology, Tryptases, Immunohistochemistry, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Pancreatic Diseases pathology
- Abstract
Mast cells enumeration has been performed using various histologic staining techniques with the goal of elucidating the influence mast cells exert on pathologic processes. In this study, 77 human pancreatic tissues evidencing morphologically normal pancreas, benign fibrotic changes, endocrine tumors, and adenocarcinoma were evaluated using Wright stain and immunohistochemistry markers for tryptase and CD117. Mast cell counts were similar with tryptase and CD117 but were both significantly higher than counts obtained with the Wright stain. Furthermore, all analyses demonstrated that endocrine tumors and morphologically normal pancreatic tissues had significantly lower mast cell counts as compared with benign fibrosis and adenocarcinoma suggesting that the highly fibrotic nature of both pancreatitis and adenocarcinoma are related to increased mast cell concentrations., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Using the Right Criteria for MCAS.
- Author
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Gulen T
- Subjects
- Humans, Tryptases, Mast Cells, Diagnosis, Differential, Mastocytosis, Mast Cell Activation Syndrome
- Abstract
Purpose of Review: The current article aims to provide a comprehensive update on diagnostic criteria for mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), addressing challenges in diagnosing and classifying MCAS and its variants., Recent Findings: In recent years, there has been a significant increase in our knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms responsible for the activation of mast cells (MCs) in various pathological conditions. Furthermore, a set of criteria and a classification for MCASs have been established. MCAS is characterized by the presence of typical clinical symptoms, a substantial elevation in serum tryptase levels during an attack compared to the patient's baseline tryptase levels, and a response to MC mediator-targeting therapy. In this report, a thorough examination was conducted on the contemporary literature relating to MCAS, with a focus on comparing the specificity, sensitivity, and robustness of MCAS-related parameters within proposals for diagnosing and classifying MCAS and its variants. Moreover, the significance of employing specific consensus criteria in the assessment and categorization of MCAS in individual patients was underscored, due to the escalating occurrence of patients receiving a misdiagnosis of MCAS based on nonspecific criteria., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Serum mast cell tryptase reference intervals in European populations.
- Author
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Vinnes EW, Alnaes MB, and Storaas T
- Subjects
- Humans, Tryptases, Mast Cells, Anaphylaxis
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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