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Education is the cornerstone of development in all its forms. Therefore, the continuous improvement of education is a fundamental necessity pursued by societies to ensure progress and advancement. Schools are the fundamental pillars for the development and growth of society in all areas, and education is the path to progress and prosperity. This study aims to uncover the essential requirements and expected challenges to enhance the competitiveness of Omani public education schools from the perspectives of educational leaders and experts. A qualitative approach was employed in collecting and analyzing the data. The study sample consisted of 43 experts and educational leaders from the Ministry of Education and Omani universities, including 19 working in higher education and 24 in the public education sector. The data gathered through semistructured interviews centered on two main themes: the requirements and the expected challenges. The study revealed a list of requirements to enhance competitiveness in the areas of administrative, cognitive, human, and organizational requirements. It also identified the prominent expected challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Educational Psychological Studies (EPS) is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Frailty, a state of diminished physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors, is common among geriatric Omani patients attending primary health-care settings. Frailty has been shown to be a dominant predictor of multiple adverse health outcomes such as falls, functional disability, delirium, health-care utilization, and all-cause mortality. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the relationship between frailty and adverse health outcomes in Omani older adults. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a single center, from April 2020 to December 2022, involving 197 participants aged 65 years and older. Frailty was determined using the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI). The adverse outcomes under investigation included a history of falling, utilization of primary health-care services, and all-cause mortality. We calculated unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs), along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), to evaluate the relationships between frailty and these adverse outcomes. Results: In the adjusted logistic regression model, frail older patients exhibited an elevated risk of falling in comparison to nonfrail patients (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.68, 3.05; OR: 5.94, 95% CI: 1.49, 23.69, respectively). Notably, frailty status demonstrated a significant difference in terms of primary health-care utilization (P = 0.016), particularly for prefrailty (mean ± standard deviation 18.8 ± 10.8). Furthermore, a weak positive correlation was identified between MPI means and the level of primary health-care utilization (r = 0.229, P < 0.001). In addition, it was observed that prefrailty and frailty significantly heightened the risk of all-cause mortality (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 0.16, 13.30; OR: 27.96, 95% CI: 3.37, 232.24, respectively). Conclusion: Prefrailty and frailty exert detrimental effects on older adults. It is imperative to focus on addressing prefrailty and frailty within primary health care to mitigate adverse outcomes and enhance the overall well-being of older adults.

The study aimed to examine the alignment of the standards of Trends in International Science and Mathematics Study (TIMSS) with the fourth-grade Cambridge Mathematics curriculum from the perspective of mathematics teachers and supervisors in the Sultanate of Oman. To achieve these goals, a sample of 616 female teachers and supervisors (584 female teachers, 32 supervisors) responded to the list of TIMSS standards. The study showed that the alignment between the list of standards and the curriculum was acceptable in general, as well as for all dimensions of the standards except for the measurement standards, which showed a high alignment level. Results showed that the algebraic expressions had the lowest alignment level. The study recommended reviewing some topics in the Cambridge Mathematics curriculum and modifying them to align better with the TIMSS standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Arts & Social Sciences (JASS) is the property of Sultan Qaboos University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Frailty, a state of diminished physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors, is common among geriatric Omani patients attending primary health-care settings. Frailty has been shown to be a dominant predictor of multiple adverse health outcomes such as falls, functional disability, delirium, health-care utilization, and all-cause mortality. Objective: We aimed to explore the relationship between frailty and adverse health outcomes in Omani older adults. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a single center, from April 2020 to December 2022, involving 197 participants aged 65 years and older. Frailty was determined using the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI). The adverse outcomes under investigation included a history of falling, utilization of primary health-care services, and all-cause mortality. We calculated unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs), along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), to evaluate the relationships between frailty and these adverse outcomes. Results: In the adjusted logistic regression model, frail older patients exhibited an elevated risk of falling in comparison to nonfrail patients (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.68, 3.05; OR: 5.94, 95% CI: 1.49, 23.69, respectively). Notably, frailty status demonstrated a significant difference in terms of primary health-care utilization (P = 0.016), particularly for prefrailty (mean ± standard deviation 18.8 ± 10.8). Furthermore, a weak positive correlation was identified between MPI means and the level of primary health-care utilization (r = 0.229, P < 0.001). In addition, it was observed that prefrailty and frailty significantly heightened the risk of all-cause mortality (OR: 1.45, 95% CI: 0.16, 13.30; OR: 27.96, 95% CI: 3.37, 232.24, respectively). Conclusion: Prefrailty and frailty exert detrimental effects on older adults. It is imperative to focus on addressing prefrailty and frailty within primary health care to mitigate adverse outcomes and enhance the overall well-being of older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of University of Sharjah Journal for Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of University of Sharjah - Scientific Publishing Unit and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirasat: Educational Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to explore the effect of occupational stress on occupational motivation and job satisfaction among teachers in government schools in the sultanate of Oman from the perspective of teachers. The study follows a cross-sectional research design and uses a research questionnaire as the main tool with standardized scales to measure occupational stress, occupational motivation and job satisfaction. The probability sampling method was used to select respondents randomly using a sampling frame obtained from the Ministry of Education. The sample size of the study comprises 410 schoolteachers in the Sultanate of Oman. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the relationships across the variables. The results showed a statistically significant effect of occupational stress on occupational motivation and job satisfaction, and a statistically significant effect of job satisfaction on occupational motivation. Awareness programs are recommended to help build the respect that teachers deserve for the essential roles they play in their work environment with respect to preparing the new generation for future endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the current status of implementing sustainable green marketing and the requirements of its implementation from the perspective of higher education institution students in the Sultanate of Oman. Two research tools were used to collect data, a questionnaire with a total of 30 items and focused group interviews. Both the validity and reliability of the two tools were checked. The sample of the study was 907 students from higher education institutions in Oman. The study concluded that students perceived it to be important to implement sustainable green marketing in the Sultanate of Oman. In addition, the study showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the gender, university, and college variables in the implementation of sustainable green marketing. Accordingly, the study recommends spreading societal awareness about sustainable green marketing among university students.

The foreign policy of Oman, since Sultan Qaboos bin Said’s accession to the throne in 1970 until his death in 2020, has been characterized by vigorous activities and broad outreach during a period marked by significant global challenges and shifts across political, economic, and security dimensions. This was especially pronounced in the Arabian Gulf region, which endured a destructive conflict that jeopardized its security and economic stability, resulting in substantial costs. This conflict, the Iran-Iraq War, also known as the First Gulf War (1980–1988), posed a considerable threat. This study examines Sultan Qaboos bin Said’s position on this war and Oman’s foreign policy approach to managing its implications.

The study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a sustainable environmental tourism educational program in influencing the attitudes of eighth-grade Omani students towards the environment and their inclination to engage in entrepreneurship in environmental tourism projects. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design with two groups: experimental and control. A sample of 134 eighth-grade students and two instruments were used: an environmental attitude scale (37 items), and a scale measuring inclination towards engagement in sustainable environmental tourism entrepreneurship projects (33 items). The validity and reliability of both instruments were confirmed, with a total reliability coefficient of 0.701 for the first tool and 0.837 for the second tool. The data was analyzed by calculating the mean values and standard deviations of the scale items, and multiple three-way analysis of the variance scale were used to compare the independent variables of the study. The study results revealed the effectiveness of the educational program in developing students’ attitudes toward the environment in favor of the experimental group. Additionally, the results showed a statistically significant difference, at the significance level α = 0.05, in inclinations towards engagement in sustainable environmental tourism entrepreneurship projects in favor of the experimental group. The study recommends supporting and empowering students to work on entrepreneurial projects related to environmental tourism, including field visits to environmental tourist sites, as an integral part of the curriculum.

The interaction between Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and industry for the purpose of improving the exchange of knowledge and technology refers to the concept of universities–industry collaboration (UIC). This research aims to identify the Determinants of UIC in Oman by considering the four main players in UIC, which are faculty, students, university administrators and Private Sector Companies. Furthermore, the study focuses on determining the factors for an academic research project to become relevant to Oman’s private sector. This study adopts a quantitative research approach using structured surveys and statistical analysis to systematically investigate the relationships and associations among various factors. The sample size consists of 218 participants, including 32 faculty members, 158 students, 3 university administrators, and 25 representatives from private sector companies. The sampling technique is convenient to ensure the practical considerations associated with accessing and engaging diverse stakeholders from the targeted population. Determinants of UIC in Oman include financial support, trust, research alignment, governmental support, and communication. Consistent with the literature, there is a moderate level of consensus among the respondents regarding the importance of various determinants in promoting UIC in Oman. Also, the multidimensional nature of collaboration has been highlighted through factor analysis. For research relevance, the main contributors are strategic alignment, industry expertise integration, and researcher recognition and incentives, emphasizing interconnected relationships. Limitations include the focus of the study on Oman, which may limit generalizability. The research provides actionable insights for Oman’s UIC, guiding policymakers in formulating targeted strategies. Informed resource allocation optimizes efforts for both universities and private sector organizations. Tailored initiatives, researcher incentives, and continuous monitoring enhance inclusivity and engagement. This study advances UIC by offering insights into the determinants for effective collaboration between academia and the private sector. The practical value of the study lies in providing stakeholders with strategic guidelines for impactful partnerships.

AbstractThis study aims to explore the impact of various board composition elements (board size, board meeting frequency, multiple directorships, and board independence) on capital structure decisions within emerging markets, specifically focusing on the Sultanate of Oman. The study employs a sample of 14 non-financial firms listed on the MSM30 index over seven years (2009–2015). To address endogeneity between the interrelated variables of dividends and debt ratio, an endogeneity test is performed. Given that the dividend per share is an endogenous variable, the Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method is used for data analysis. The findings of this study indicate positive associations between debt ratio and board size, board independence and multiple directorships but negative association with board meetings frequency. Board independence serves to support the active monitoring hypothesis, and debt acts as a complementary mechanism to mitigate agency issues, larger board size results in introducing more debts in the firm’s capital structure to offset decision making complexities. Furthermore, multiple directorships increase the use of debt ratio as disciplinary mechanism to offset the busyness of board members who have several multiple directorships. However, the frequency of board meetings was found to have a negative association with debt ratio. Our findings are robust to alternative measures of leverage and endogeneity. This study concentrates on a limited set of factors related to board composition. The use of debt as a substitute mechanism suggests that the followed corporate governance practices are relatively weak and may benefit from further reforms.

The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a psychological guidance program in enhancing emotional intelligence among primary education students in the Sultanate of Oman. To achieve this, the researcher designed a psychological guidance program and an emotional intelligence scale. The study utilized an experimental approach with two equivalent groups: an experimental group and a control group. The sample consisted of 52 students (26 in each group), randomly selected from secondgrade primary students in a school in North Batinah Governorate, Sultanate of Oman. Both groups were matched in terms of age, gender, general intelligence, and emotional intelligence. The study employed the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices Test and the researcher's own Emotional Intelligence Scale, which demonstrated adequate reliability and validity. The psychological guidance program was administered to the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences in emotional intelligence scores between pre- and post-testing within the experimental group, indicating the effectiveness of the guidance program. Additionally, post-testing scores were significantly higher in the experimental group compared to the control group, indicating the superiority of the program. The study concludes with several recommendations and suggestions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Educational Psychological Studies (EPS) is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The current study aimed to develop the professional community initiative for artificial intelligence in the Ministry of Education in the Sultanate of Oman in light of the European Union model. study used a descriptive method, and also used the Document analysis was also used to collect data and information. The results of the study concluded that the European Union model for using artificial intelligence in the educational process in schools relied on four main areas: The first is the ethics of artificial intelligence and includes a number of values, the most important of which are: justice and fairness, transparency, diversity, non-discrimination, humanity, societal well-being, privacy, security, and accountability. The second is teachers’ competencies, which includes six competencies: They are: professional integration, digital resources, teaching and learning, assessment, empowering learners, and facilitating digital competence for learners. The third is the areas of use and employment of artificial intelligence; These include: using adaptive learning technologies to adapt to the ability of each learner, using student dashboards to guide learners through their learning, providing individual interventions for those with special needs, grading essays using automated tools, managing student registration and resource planning, and using chatbots to guide learners and parents through administrative tasks. The fourth field included models for using artificial intelligence. Such as: intelligent teaching system, dialogue-based lesson systems, language learning applications, exploratory learning environments, formative writing assessment, collaborative learning supported by artificial intelligence, diagnosis of learning difficulties, and guidance services. The study recommended developing the Professional Community Initiative for Artificial Intelligence in the Ministry of Education in the Sultanate of Oman, so that it includes an ethical code for using artificial intelligence in the educational process, and the preparation of professional competencies for teachers that keep pace with developments in artificial intelligence. Supporting the user guide on artificial intelligence with models of its use in various aspects of the educational process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the level of including the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics (STEAM) in the Omani science curricula content for Grades 5-8. To achieve the objectives of the study, a content analysis card was prepared by using the educational literature of previous studies and research. It consisted of six main areas with (34) indicators. To ensure the content analysis card's validity, it was presented to a group of experts specialized in the field of education. Cohen Kappa equation was used to ensure the instrument's reliability, which was (0.87) across individuals and (0.92) over time. The results showed the level of inclusion of science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics (STEAM) content in Omani school science curricula for grades 5 to 8. The total percentage was (37.83%), with a medium inclusion level, with a variation in the level of inclusion of these fields. The results also showed differences in the inclusion of STEAM fields in the Omani science curricula content for grades 5 to 8 according to the different grades. These differences were between (41.87%) for the fifth and (36.18%) for the eighth grades. The study recommended enhancing the level of inclusion of STEAM fields in the Omani science curricula content for grades (5-8) from an average inclusion level to a higher-than-average inclusion level, and not only paying attention to one domain of the STEAM curricula to the exclusion of other domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to analyze the status quo of counseling and awareness services at the school level in the Sultanate of Oman using SWOT analysis. This analysis explored the strengths and weaknesses in the internal environment of three departments that mainly focus on counseling and awareness (i.e., psychological counseling, health awareness, and social counseling) at headquarter of the Ministry of Education and educational governorates. It also identified the opportunities and threats related to the external environment. A mixed method was used that combine the qualitative approach in analyzing the input of heads of departments, supervisors, and specialists using the SWOT form and the quantitative approach that assessd the perspectives of specialists at schools and educational governorates. The content validity and reliability of three surveys were examined before collecting the responses from the study sample (N = 224). Results showed considerable variability in strengths and weaknesses among three domains (Psychological, health, and social domain). Furthermore, the results showed many similarities in terms of opportunities and threats. Correspondingly, a set of strategic alternatives were recommended to enhance the quality of counseling and awareness services at the school level in the Sultanate of Oman. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aimed to investigate the impact of Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy counseling program in enhancing the psychological resilience of basic education teachers in the Dhofar Region, south of the Sultanate of Oman. The experimental study sample consisted of (60) male teachers in cycle two of basic education in Dhofar Governorate with low psychological resilience scores. This sample was randomly divided into two equivalence groups: one experimental group and the other control group. Each group consisted of (30) male teachers. The counseling program was applied for the male teachers in the experimental group rather than the control group to develop psychological resilience with them. The researchers have used the psychological resilience scale (prepared by the researchers) and a counseling program based on mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (prepared by the researchers). The results of the study indicated that there were statistically significant differences at level (0.01) between the mean scores of the experimental and the control group in the post-test on the psychological resilience scale in favor of the experimental group. There are also statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01) between the mean scores of the experimental group in both the pre-test and post-test on the psychological resilience scale in favor of the post-test. This revealed the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy in increasing the level of psychological resilience among male teachers as the scores of teachers rose significantly on the pre-test. In addition, the study has also concluded with finding non-statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group in both pre-test and follow-up tests on the psychological resilience scale. The results emphasise continuing mindfulness-based cognitive therapy's effectiveness in increasing psychological resilience among male teachers. In the light of the results, it can be recommended by: Organizing workshops and open discussion forums between teachers, as this approach will significantly motivate social relations, reinforce confidence among teachers, and enhance occupational performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jordanian Educational Journal is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Jordanian Educational Journal is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirasat: Educational Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dirasat: Educational Sciences is the property of University of Jordan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Economic Administrative & Legal Sciences is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to determine the level of including the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics (STEAM) in the Omani science curricula content for Grades 5-8. To achieve the objectives of the study, a content analysis card was prepared by using the educational literature of previous studies and research. It consisted of six main areas with (34) indicators. To ensure the content analysis card's validity, it was presented to a group of experts specialized in the field of education. Cohen Kappa equation was used to ensure the instrument's reliability, which was (0.87) across individuals and (0.92) over time. The results showed the level of inclusion of science, technology, engineering, art, and mathematics (STEAM) content in Omani school science curricula for grades 5 to 8. The total percentage was (37.83%), with a medium inclusion level, with a variation in the level of inclusion of these fields. The results also showed differences in the inclusion of STEAM fields in the Omani science curricula content for grades 5 to 8 according to the different grades. These differences were between (41.87%) for the fifth and (36.18%) for the eighth grades. The study recommended enhancing the level of inclusion of STEAM fields in the Omani science curricula content for grades (5-8) from an average inclusion level to a higher-than-average inclusion level, and not only paying attention to one domain of the STEAM curricula to the exclusion of other domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Countries are always looking for different ways to improve student achievement and reform education. Therefore, evaluation is considered the main component of all education systems. It can be used in schools to monitor education systems, and it also helps improve curricula. This study came with the aim of evaluating the unit of halogens and listing the characteristics of the group in chemistry from the point of view of the teachers’ view was based on the STICK model, and the descriptive analytical approach was relied upon through the questionnaire that was distributed to teachers from various governorates of the Sultanate, where the study sample was (120). After collecting the data, it was analyzed using the SPSS data package program, and a set of results were reached, the most important of which is Most teachers prepare presentation tools and an interactive whiteboard before starting classes, and they have the ability to ask brainstorming questions before starting to implement classes. This is due to the teachers’ experience, as the number of those included in the sample constitutes approximately 66%, which is more than half, and the unit topics are appropriate. 4 With the number of classes allocated to it, most teachers use modern technology in teaching the topics of this unit, and this statement is consistent with the first statement, the field of precedents, and they provide a final evaluation after completing teaching the topics of the unit. The results also indicated that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α =0.05) between the arithmetic averages of the evaluative scores for the topics of the halogen's unit and the gradation of group characteristics, which is in favor of males, while there were no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α = 0.05) between the arithmetic averages of the evaluative scores for the topics of the halogen's unit and the gradation of group characteristics from the point of view of the teachers. According to the STICK model, it is attributed to the variable number of years of experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Umm Al-Qura University Journal of Educational & Psychological Sciences is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to explore the representation of the Other in the customs and traditions of Oman's people within the touristic discourse, using "A Suspicious Journey from India to England – An Early 19th Century Gulf Portrait by William Heid" as a case study. Recognizing that the study of humanity is, in essence, the study of all human beings and considering that place holds cultural value emanating from the amalgamation of people's customs, traditions, and ways of thinking—known as the site's stratigraphy, which distinguishes one personality from another—the research sought to highlight the image of the Other in the customs and traditions of Oman as portrayed by Heid. It questioned whether these portrayals could serve as a tourist attraction for the Arabian Gulf region, particularly Muscat, and how Heid managed to employ the Omani people's customs, traditions, and behaviors as a tourist attraction for the Arabian Gulf. Given that customs and traditions represent an intriguing element for discovering the Other, the discourse in some of its forms is a principal component of linguistic communication in tourism. Through strategic use, it transforms the narrative element into a tool for expressing the aesthetics of the visited city, portraying the behaviors of its inhabitants and its various dimensions. The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach, where the researcher examined the report and focused on the key customs and traditions highlighted by Heid in his discourse; these serve either as sources of tourist attraction or repulsion. The study concluded that Heid relied on depicting the landmarks he observed, contributing to correcting the receiver's image and enhancing the cultural aspect.

The study aimed to reveal the degree of availability of requirements for implementing cybersecurity in sports federations in the Sultanate of Oman. The researcher used the descriptive survey method and a questionnaire in collecting data. The study sample consisted of (102) individuals from sports federations, and the sample was divided into (20) individuals for the exploratory sample. And (82) individuals for the basic sample, who were selected randomly. The results of the study showed: The degree of availability of requirements for implementing cybersecurity in sports federations in the Sultanate of Oman is moderate in all fields (administrative requirements, technical requirements, human requirements, material requirements), and there is a little more interest towards the technical requirements for achieving cybersecurity in sports federations, and this situation is natural to meet the directions of Oman Vision 2040 towards digital transformation in all Omani sports institutions and bodies. There is no official department or committee specialized in cybersecurity, and the presence of a committee specialized in information systems security may be limited in some federations in the event of crises or cyber-attacks that can be resorted to. The researcher recommended: forming a committee specialized in cybersecurity in sports federations in the Sultanate of Oman, and the necessity of continuously developing the cyber infrastructure in sports federations to prevent piracy and electronic penetration, and constantly developing and updating information and technical programs and applications in sports federations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to evaluate the activation of science laboratories in second-cycle schools in Al Dakhiliyah Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman according to the Taylor model. The sample was (112), including (69) male teachers and (43) female teachers, and a random method was used to determine them. The descriptive approach was followed in the study, and the tool was applied electronically, which is a (questionnaire) consisting of five domains (laboratory technician, science teacher, students, laboratory, and scientific subject). The psychometric properties of the tool were calculated, and Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated for the validity of the questionnaire for all domains, and they were appropriate. The laboratory field had the highest correlation, at a rate of 0.79, and the student field had the lowest correlation, at a rate of 0.68. The Cronbach alpha method was used to verify the reliability of the scale and reached 0.91. One of the most important findings of the research is the presence of statistically significant differences in the difficulties of using and activating science laboratories in teaching due to years of experience. Among the recommendations that we hope to understand and implement is to clarify the role and impact of activating school laboratories on academic achievement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to identify The role of transformational leadership in developing distance learning in light of the Corona pandemic (Covid-19) in basic education schools in the Muscat Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. Study used a descriptive method, also used the questionnaire to collect data and information were applied to a sample of (412) principal and teacher. The results of the study found that the degree of availability of transformational leadership dimensions among basic education school principals in the Muscat Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman was high overall. The The present study aimed to identify The role of transformational leadership in developing distance learning in light of the Corona pandemic (Covid-19) in basic education schools in the Muscat Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. Study used a descriptive method, also used the questionnaire to collect data and information were applied to a sample of (412) principal and teacher. The results of the study found that the degree of availability of transformational leadership dimensions among basic education school principals in the Muscat Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman was high overall. The [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of University of Sharjah Journal for Humanities & Social Sciences is the property of University of Sharjah - Scientific Publishing Unit and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose of the study: This study aims to investigate the influence of demographic factors such as the Employment sector, Education, and Designation on Digital Content Marketing dimensions such as Brand awareness (BA), Customer Engagement (CE), Customer Retention (CR), and Customer Information (CI) from Oman's leading SMEs. Methodology: This study used a deductive research approach to test hypotheses. A survey of 155 Omani SME managers in middle and senior roles was conducted. Demographic variables were analyzed using one-way ANOVA statistical analysis to compare their influence on the research findings. Main Findings: This study found significant influence of content marketing on the Hospitality, Technology, and Service sectors, which use websites, blogs, and social media. In contrast, Engineering, Real Estate, Education, and SME managers focus more on customer engagement and retention. Education level also impacts brand awareness, customer retention, and engagement. Applications of the study: The results of this study will help SMEs and businesses target audiences more effectively, create content that appeals to their interests, select the best distribution channels, and optimize their marketing spending. This study advances knowledge of efficient marketing strategies in Oman's developing digital environment. Novelty of the study: The study provides a fresh perspective on how geographical and demographic variables influence digital content marketing strategies of SMEs in Oman, presenting original empirical data from this understudied region and sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Oman, the Arabian Gazelle Gazella arabica is known to be distributed in the Hajar mountains of the north, desert plains in central of Oman, and Jabal Samhan foothills & Nejd area in the south. We report the first confirmed record of the Arabian Gazelle on Masirah island, 15 km off the mainland of eastern Oman. This finding was part of a national survey of biodiversity in Oman in which 29 camera traps were set to survey the majority of the island which covers about 400 km2. Only two camera traps detected Arabian Gazelle, in an area covering only 22 km2. The survey on the island suggests that the population is small and isolated. Future research studies are required both in the field of ecology and genetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to understand the structure and function of the artificial reef ecosystem of the Sea of Oman and its stability and maturity. For this study, the trophic model of the Sea of Oman's artificial reef ecosystem was described using the Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) ecosystem modeling software (Version 6.6.7). The essential characteristics of the aquatic system were identified using a total of 38 fish species/functional groups, spread across an area of 140 km2 of artificial reef farm. The mean trophic level of the artificial reef ecosystem of the Sea of Oman was 3.039. Sharks were the keystone species of the studied ecosystem. Heniochus acuminatus and Chaetodon gardneri were the species with the highest niche overlap, whereas Acanthurus sohal and other crustaceans, and Terapon puta and Saurida undosquamis were the species with the lowest niche overlap. It was found that the ratio of total primary production to total respiration of the ecosystem studied was more than one, indicating that the system produces more energy than it uses to respire, and the ecosystem of the Sea of Oman can be regarded as a developing system because of its low degree of stability and maturity. The omnivory index was 0.260, the connectance index was 0.159, the total biomass to total throughput ratio was 0.006, Finn's cycling index was 5.41, the total primary production to total biomass ratio was 64.895, and the total primary production to total respiration ratio was 4.424. The results indicate that the artificial reef ecosystem in the Sea of Oman can be categorized as immature (in the early developmental stage). Further study is needed to improve the input data and track ecosystem health, as well as exploring other management strategies. Based on the outcomes of the study, it is suggested that environmental management of the reef ecosystem, along with the fish catch data, should be taken into consideration for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are narration type works in all societies. As in Western literature, the art of the novel, which is one of the literary works in Arabic literature, has become widespread in recent ages. Especially today, such works are widely used as a means of expressing the feelings and thoughts in people's inner world. Zahran al-Qasimi is one of the writers who expresses the lives of the people living in the Sultanate of Oman with the art of novel. The author's novel The Water Diviner (القافرََتغريبة/The Exile of the Tracker), who has many poetry divans, story books and novels, was selected as the winner of 2023 by the organization The International Prize for Arabic Fiction (IPAF).The events in the novel take place in the village of Misfah, Oman, and the problems that may arise in the near future are touched upon by referring to the drought in the village and the importance of water in human life. The work, which has eleven chapters and an ending, consists of 228 pages. When the technical analysis of the novel is made, it is seen that the name of the novel named The Water Diviner is mediocre in terms of its content, since the main theme is drought. The main hero of the novel is Sālim b. ʿAbdullāh who was nicknamed alKāfir ( ق ل ا ر ا ف /Tracker) because he can hear the sound of water underground. In the novel, the position of divine narration, who knows everything, is preferred. Thus, the events were explained more objectively instead of the inner worlds of the heroes and their perspectives. This caused the plot to come to the fore. As the objective time of the novel, the moment of the Mary's drowning was chosen instead of a date. The events were told without giving a date, instead Sālim's age is mentioned. The plot of the novel takes place in Misfah, a village near Muscat, the capital of the Sultanate of Oman. While the nature of the village is partially stated in the novel, the environment of the village, the structure and shape of the houses or the materials they were built from were never mentioned. Considering the subject of the novel, it is evaluated that the element of space is used sufficiently in the narrative of the events. The dominant language in the novel is Arabic. Vernacular was used when conveying the dialogues of the heroes. The novel is written in a simple but literary language. It seems that this situation causes the non-Arab reader to integrate with the events more quickly. Due to the fact that the main subject of the novel is drought, it is seen that words related to water are used frequently. In addition to the main theme, the value given to beautiful speech, the importance of coffee in the society, giving everyone a nickname, working to find suitable name by looking at newborn babies are also mentioned. Thus, the author has become both a mirror to society and has added reality to the plot. The author touched upon the love between Kāziye and Va'rī, Āsyā and Ibrāhim, and Nasrā and Sālim. The fact that these loves are far from extremism and are suitable for values also has an important place in terms of conveying them to the reader beyond being a human feeling. Not only love was mentioned, but also the sense of loyalty was emphasized by telling that they faced the events together. Features such as Shaykh Hāmid b. ʿAlī, one of the leaders of the community, ordering something unreasonable in the name of Islam, and usurping a land unjustly were mentioned. The author also criticized the superstitious beliefs in society. In this context, giving a bad name to protect the child from envy, wearing amulets, using incense, leaving some items on the graves, throwing sugar into water sources and begging various wishes have been criticised. In the same way, behaviors such as backbiting, spreading everything that is said, usurping someone else's property unjustly, mocking the plight of people, ignoring the weak and the powerless, being afraid of powerful and rich people and only listening to their words have also been criticized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of REMAH Journal is the property of Research & Development of Human Recourses Center (REMAH) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Arts & Social Sciences (JASS) is the property of Sultan Qaboos University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article sought to identify the obstacles that A'Sharqiyah University students may face in their possession of scientific research skills. The study population consisted of (5800) during the academic year (2021-2022), and the sample amounted to (400) students from the university faculties and followed The study was a descriptive approach to data collection, and a questionnaire was prepared aimed at revealing the obstacles to scientific research that hinder students from possessing research skills, and the study reached the results: The arithmetic average of the obstacles was (2.88), and the averages of the obstacles axes (subjective, cultural, and academic) ranged between (2.92-2.85), and they are at the average level as well. The results also indicated that there were statistically significant differences at the level of significance less than (0.05) in the level of cultural obstacles. The students of Al-Sharqiya University in scientific research skills college is attributed between the College of Arts and each of the other four colleges and in favor of the College of Arts and Humanities each time, as the arithmetic average of the College of Arts is the lowest, as the results indicated to There are statistically significant differences in the axis of academic obstacles in the bilateral interactions between the college and the school year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]