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A study conducted by Brown University has found that the incidence of spinal epidural infections has increased due to the rise in injection drug use associated with the opioid epidemic. The study compared the microbiology of spinal epidural infections in people who inject drugs to those in the general population. The research revealed that over one-third of patients with spinal epidural infections unrelated to recent surgery had substance use disorder. These patients were more likely to have infections caused by MRSA and gram-negative bacteria other than Escherichia coli. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the National Neurosciences Centre in West Bengal, India, focused on primary spinal epidural abscesses (SEA). The study analyzed 11 cases of non-tubercular primary SEA and examined their clinical presentation, MRI findings, blood investigations, bacteriological profile, and outcomes. The majority of cases were caused by Gram-positive bacteria, and comorbidities were common among patients. The study concluded that SEA is a surgical emergency, and antibiotic treatment should continue until postoperative radiological and hematological parameters are satisfactory. Patients with better preoperative neurological status and those with a lumbar location of the abscess tend to have a better recovery. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from the Department of Neurosurgery in Leuven, Belgium, discusses the management of postoperative spinal epidural hematoma (SEH). SEH is a rare but serious complication of spine surgery that can lead to neurological deficits. The report emphasizes the importance of rapid diagnosis and treatment, with a focus on three key factors: a high level of suspicion, speed of diagnosis, and immediate surgery. The Belgian Society of Neurosurgery recommends that all spine centers have an institutional protocol in place to treat SEH as an emergency. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College in Gujarat, India, explores the challenges posed by catastrophic spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH) following thrombolysis. The study presents the case of a 66-year-old female who developed rapid-onset compressive myelopathy after thrombolysis for myocardial infarction. SSEH is a rare condition that requires prompt recognition due to its potential for permanent neurological injury and mortality. The research emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for accurate diagnosis and effective management of SSEH, particularly for cardiologists administering thrombolytic therapies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the National Defense Medical Center in Taipei, Taiwan, examined the prognosis and treatment efficacy of spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH). SSEH is a rare condition that accounts for less than 1% of spinal lesions, with an incidence of 0.1 per 100,000 annually. The study analyzed 14 patients with SSEH and found that prompt treatment, such as spinal decompression and hematoma removal, is crucial, especially in cases of neurological decline. The study supports the effectiveness of surgical intervention in promoting neurological recovery, even in severe and prolonged instances of SSEH. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Uttar Pradesh, India, has presented new findings on arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The research focuses on a rare case of a pure extradural spinal AVM, which is not commonly seen without the presence of a vertebral body hemangioma. The study describes the clinical, radiological, and operative details of the case, as well as the successful surgical excision of the AVM. The researchers conclude that extradural AVMs can present with compressive myelopathy-like symptoms and emphasize the importance of tailored treatment for each patient. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial, NCT06572241, is investigating the effectiveness of combining intrathecal morphine with epidural analgesia for labor pain relief. Neuraxial analgesia, such as lumbar epidural and combined spinal epidural, is commonly used for pain relief during labor. The trial aims to determine if adding 100 mcg of morphine to the intrathecal component of combined spinal epidural reduces breakthrough pain during labor. Previous studies have shown that adding morphine to labor analgesia can increase pain relief duration and reduce the need for local anesthetics. The study is planned to enroll 182 participants by September 2025 and will take place in Canada. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted in Zhejiang, People's Republic of China, investigated the effect of different concentrations of ropivacaine in combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) on anesthetic efficacy and sedation in patients with lower abdominal obesity. The study included 110 patients who received CSEA and were divided into a low-concentration group (LC group) and a high-concentration group (HC group). The HC group showed superior post-operative analgesia, shorter onset times for sensory and motor blocks, longer sensory and motor recovery times, and lower mean arterial pressure levels compared to the LC group. The researchers concluded that further studies with larger sample sizes and longer durations are needed to validate these results. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Shingu Municipal Medical Center compared the accuracy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing postoperative spinal epidural hematoma (PSEH) after lumbar microendoscopic laminotomy (MEL) for lumbar spinal stenosis. The study found that ultrasound had high concordance with MRI in classifying PSEH, indicating that ultrasound can be a reliable and practical alternative to MRI for postoperative evaluations. Ultrasound offers advantages such as rapid bedside assessments, no radiation exposure, and cost-effectiveness, potentially improving patient care. Further research is needed to explore the clinical impact of ultrasound in different surgical scenarios. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted in China investigated the effects of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) supplemented with etomidate on elderly patients undergoing anorectal surgery. The study found that the group receiving CSEA and etomidate showed improved blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen levels compared to the control group. They also experienced lower pain levels, reduced stress hormone levels, and decreased inflammation markers. The study suggests that etomidate can be beneficial in mitigating stress and immune responses in elderly patients undergoing surgery. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Maimonides Hospital in Brooklyn, New York, analyzed data on 4,595 patients who underwent surgical decompression for spinal epidural abscesses (SEA). The study aimed to compare the demographics of patients who were readmitted within 90 days following surgery and identify risk factors for readmission. The researchers found that 36.1% of patients were readmitted within 90 days, and risk factors for readmission included fluid/electrolyte abnormalities, pathologic weight loss, tobacco use, pre-existing paralysis, and obesity. The study suggests that perioperative medical optimization in these areas may help reduce healthcare utilization. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Zagazig University in Egypt focused on chordomas, a type of tumor that primarily affects the sacrum and skull base. The study presented a rare case of thoracic chordoma with spinal epidural hematoma and conducted a systematic review of similar cases in the literature. The case involved a 60-year-old male who initially presented with acute paraparesis and was later diagnosed with thoracic chordoma. The patient underwent surgery and experienced improvement in symptoms after the mass was excised. The study highlights the importance of considering chordomas in cases resembling epidural hematoma. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Universitas Udayana in Bali, Indonesia, focused on angiolipomas, which are rare benign tumors composed of mature adipose tissue and abnormal blood vessels. These tumors account for a small percentage of spinal tumors and spinal extradural lesions. The study presented the case of a 52-year-old female with a rare angiolipoma involving multiple thoracic levels. The patient underwent a laminectomy for tumor resection and decompression, resulting in the resolution of her motor deficit. The study concluded that angiolipomas can be diagnosed using MRI and that gross total resection through a laminectomy is the recommended treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Johns Hopkins University Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, evaluated the external validity of five predictive models for failed medical management of spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs). The study found that only one model demonstrated good discriminative ability and adequate model calibration in their cohort, suggesting limited generalizability of the evaluated models. The researchers concluded that multi-institutional data may be necessary to develop widely applicable models for predicting medical management failure in patients with SEA. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in World Neurosurgery. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses the occurrence of delayed spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) following central neuraxial block (CNB), which is a rare but serious complication. The underlying causes of SEH associated with neuraxial anesthesia are still unclear, and the decision between surgical intervention and conservative management for SEH remains unresolved. The report presents a case of delayed SEH in a 73-year-old woman who underwent vaginal hysterectomy under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. The patient experienced symptoms 56 hours after CNB, and full recovery was achieved after six months of conservative treatment. The researchers suggest that anesthesiologists should be alert to the possibility of delayed SEH following CNB, particularly with the administration of anticoagulants, and recommend immediate neurological evaluation and MRI for patients with neurological deficits. Conservative treatment combined with close neurological function monitoring may be feasible for patients with mild or nonprogressive symptoms. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Department of Orthopedic Surgery in Kairouan, Tunisia, highlights a rare case of a spinal epidural abscess in a pediatric patient. The 10-year-old child presented with a prolonged fever, back pain, and left hip lameness. MRI scans revealed an epidural abscess compressing the spinal cord and septic arthritis in the left hip. The patient underwent surgery and received antibiotics, with a favorable outcome. Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications and death from this serious infection. It is important to note that there are currently no official guidelines for managing spinal epidural abscesses in pediatric patients. [Extracted from the article]

A systematic review and meta-analysis conducted by researchers at Capital Medical University in Beijing, China compared the impact of different anesthesia techniques on perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery. The study found that spinal or epidural anesthesia resulted in lower incidences of intraoperative hypertension, tachycardia, postoperative analgesic requirement, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and shorter length of hospital stay compared to general anesthesia. The research concluded that patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery may benefit from spinal or epidural anesthesia. The study was published in Clinical Spine Surgery: A Spine Publication. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at University Hospitals Plymouth in the United Kingdom highlights the challenges in diagnosing spinal epidural abscesses, a rare but serious condition with poor outcomes. The researchers present a case of a young man with delirium caused by a spinal epidural abscess, which complicated the diagnosis. The study emphasizes the importance of a high index of suspicion for this condition and timely action to minimize morbidity. The researchers also stress the need for persistent clinical examination of confused and non-cooperative patients. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical trial currently recruiting participants in Turkey. The trial, led by Mehmet Gokhan Taflan from Samsun University, aims to compare two different methods of anesthesia for patients undergoing a hysterectomy. One group will receive general anesthesia with an epidural catheter, while the other group will receive spinal anesthesia with an epidural catheter. The study will evaluate factors such as recovery quality, opioid consumption, post-operative nausea and vomiting, pain levels, time to first mobilization, and time to discharge. The trial is expected to be completed by December 2024. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) in Chhattisgarh, India, focused on pulmonary hypertension, a condition characterized by increased blood flow through the lungs. The study specifically examined the use of a combined spinal and epidural technique in the anesthetic care of a patient with a large atrial septal defect (ASD) and severe pulmonary hypertension. The researchers found that this technique helped maintain hemodynamic stability, provided perioperative analgesia, and avoided the hemodynamic perturbations associated with general anesthesia. This study highlights the potential benefits of this technique for patients with similar conditions. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Nara Medical University in Japan have published a case report on a rare form of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest caused by a spinal epidural arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The study describes the case of an 84-year-old female who experienced sudden left hemiparesis and subsequently went into cardiac arrest. The patient was admitted to intensive care and underwent transarterial embolization of the AVF. She survived the cardiac arrest but required long-term care and mechanical ventilation. The researchers emphasize the need for further studies to determine optimal management for this condition. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Panzhihua Central Hospital in Sichuan, China compared the safety and efficacy of two anesthesia techniques, general intravenous anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and combined spinal epidural anesthesia (CSEA), for ureteroscopic lithotripsy using the holmium laser to treat kidney stones. The study involved 106 patients with kidney stones confirmed by computed tomography scans. The results showed that the LMA group experienced fewer changes in mean arterial pressure and heart rate during surgery, required less fluid infusion and vasopressor use, and had a lower discomfort response rate compared to the CSEA group. The researchers concluded that LMA is a more comfortable and safe anesthesia method for this procedure. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by Udayana University in Bali, Indonesia, focused on primary spinal epidural non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PSEL). PSEL is a unique type of tumor that occurs exclusively within the epidural space of the spine. The study presented a case of a 65-year-old female with delayed-onset PSEL and highlighted the importance of surgical intervention and chemotherapy for improved outcomes. The research concluded that even late presentations of PSEL can benefit from prompt treatment. This study provides valuable insights into the diagnosis and management of PSEL. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Qingdao University in China discusses research findings on hypotension, a common complication following combined spinal epidural anesthesia during elective cesarean delivery. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of left-lateral position and phenylephrine prophylactic treatment in preventing or treating maternal hypotension. The results showed that left-lateral position combined with phenylephrine prophylactic treatment was more effective in preventing or treating hypotension compared to sequential reactive treatment. However, larger studies are needed to confirm these findings. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical trial that is currently recruiting participants. The trial aims to compare the effectiveness of two different drugs, chloroprocaine and ropivacaine, for spinal anesthesia during cesarean section surgeries. The trial is open to adult female participants who meet certain criteria, and the estimated completion date is January 10, 2026. The document also includes contact information for the primary investigator and the location of the trial, which is in Greece. [Extracted from the article]

A case report from Ewha Womans University in Seoul, South Korea, discusses a rare condition called spinal epidural hemorrhage (EDH) that can occur after acupuncture. The report describes a 48-year-old patient who experienced posterior neck pain and quadriplegia after acupuncture, along with symptoms such as dyspnea, dysarthria, bradycardia, and hypothermia. The patient was diagnosed with spinal EDH and underwent emergency decompression surgery. The researchers emphasize the importance of careful history-taking and neurological examination to avoid missing spinal cord injuries in similar cases. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in the journal Signa Vitae. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, has provided new information about the use of intrathecal hyperbaric bupivacaine for Cesarean delivery in parturients with super obesity. The study aimed to determine the effective dose of bupivacaine for this population. The researchers found that the estimated effective dose was approximately 11.5 mg. The study included 42 participants, and all doses achieved the desired block success within ten minutes. Four participants experienced a higher sensory level, but none required general anesthesia. This research provides valuable insights for healthcare providers working with pregnant individuals with super obesity. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from the University of Health Sciences in Bursa, Turkey compared different techniques for combined spinal-epidural anesthesia using ultrasound guidance. The study included 90 patients who underwent the procedure and were randomized into three groups. The primary outcome measured was the number of needle manipulations, and the secondary outcomes included the number of attempts, needle visibility, procedure time, success rate, catheter placement difficulty, posterior complex distance, and complications. The study found that the landmark-guided technique had fewer needle manipulations and a shorter processing time compared to the ultrasound-guided techniques. The researchers concluded that ultrasound-guided anesthesia had similar success and complication rates to the landmark-guided technique. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted at Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York, has examined the risk factors for readmission following surgical decompression for spinal epidural abscesses (SEA). The study found that 36.1% of patients were readmitted within 90 days of surgery. Risk factors for readmission included fluid/electrolyte abnormalities, pathologic weight loss, tobacco use, pre-existing paralysis, and obesity. The study suggests that perioperative medical optimization in these areas may help reduce healthcare utilization. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Government Medical College in Punjab, India compares three techniques for labor analgesia: epidural, combined spinal epidural, and dural puncture epidural. The study found that all three techniques provided effective pain relief, but the combined spinal epidural group had better sensory blockade and patient satisfaction scores. The dural puncture epidural group had better sacral coverage and less asymmetric blockade. Both the epidural and dural puncture epidural techniques allowed for minimal motor blockade and ambulation. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Taipei Medical University discusses a rare case of sciatica caused by a spinal epidural abscess as the initial clinical presentation of colon cancer. The case involved a 68-year-old male who initially presented with lower back pain radiating to his left thigh and calf. Conservative treatment was attempted, but the symptoms worsened, and an MRI revealed an epidural abscess. Surgical debridement was performed, and further evaluation led to the diagnosis of sigmoid adenocarcinoma. The study highlights the importance of considering colorectal cancer in cases of sciatica caused by spinal epidural abscess, even in the absence of typical symptoms. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Hubei University of Medicine conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of Remimazolam in sedation during orthopedic surgery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. The study found that patients who received Remimazolam experienced a shorter time to achieve the desired level of sedation compared to those who received dexmedetomidine. Additionally, the Remimazolam group exhibited quicker recovery, fewer adverse events, more consistent vital signs, and greater satisfaction throughout the surgery. The researchers concluded that Remimazolam is a safe and effective sedative for orthopedic surgery under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Harvard Medical School aimed to determine if vertebral Hounsfield units (HUs) could be used as a prognostic indicator for adverse events in patients with spinal epidural abscesses (SEAs). The study, which included 399 patients, found no evidence to suggest that HUs are associated with complications or mortality in patients with SEAs. The researchers concluded that future research should focus on alternative targets for prognostic measures in this patient population. This information may be useful for library patrons researching spinal epidural abscesses and their treatment outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Fujita Health University in Japan discusses the case of an 85-year-old woman who experienced difficulty walking and was diagnosed with a spinal cord lesion. Initially suspected to be a spinal cord tumor, the lesion was later identified as a spinal epidural tuberculoma. The researchers emphasize the importance of considering spinal epidural tuberculomas in cases of spinal cord lesions causing paralysis due to compression. This information may be useful for individuals researching spinal cord conditions and their treatment options. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Jember have conducted a study on heart failure patients undergoing inguinal hernia surgery. The study focused on the use of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with isobaric ropivacaine 0.375% to provide adequate anesthesia while maintaining stable hemodynamics. The researchers found that this approach was safe and effective for heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction. The study provides valuable insights for anesthesiologists managing heart failure patients undergoing surgery. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical trial (NCT06206044) conducted by Oregon Health and Science University. The trial aims to assess the height of sensory block during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. The study will enroll 250 female patients with a BMI between 20 and 40 kg/m2 and a height between 5 feet 2 inches and 5 feet 10 inches. The trial is currently enrolling participants and is expected to be completed by January 31, 2026. The study will not share individual participant data but may consider reasonable requests on a case-by-case basis. [Extracted from the article]

A new study from Genoa, Italy, discusses the rare occurrence of an abdominal rhabdoid tumor in a newborn that invaded the spinal canal and caused symptoms of epidural compression. The researchers describe the case of a neonate who presented with symptoms of spinal epidural compression at birth due to a rhabdoid tumor. Unfortunately, the patient experienced a rapidly progressive clinical course and died within three months of diagnosis. This study provides valuable insights into this rare condition. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital in South Korea discusses a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in a 36-year-old woman with preeclampsia who underwent an emergency cesarean section with spinal anesthesia. The woman experienced symptoms such as right leg weakness, headache, and seizures after surgery, and imaging revealed white matter edema consistent with PRES. The exact cause of PRES is unclear, but elevated blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction are believed to be involved. The researchers emphasize the importance of tight blood pressure control and prompt recognition and treatment for favorable outcomes in PRES cases. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at Technical University Dresden in Germany explores the co-occurrence of infective endocarditis (IE) and primary spinal infections (PSI) such as spondylodiscitis (SD) and isolated spinal epidural empyema (ISEE). The study aims to characterize the clinical phenotypes of PSI patients with concomitant IE and assess the accuracy of the modified Duke criteria in this specific population. The research identifies significant risk factors for the co-occurrence of IE and PSI, such as hepatic cirrhosis, septic embolism, and infection with certain pathogens. The study also highlights distinct clinical, radiological, and microbiological differences between PSI patients with and without IE, and suggests potential amendments to the modified Duke criteria for improved diagnostic accuracy in this high-risk population. [Extracted from the article]

A case report from the Royal Hobart Hospital in Australia discusses the potential complications of epidural injections in patients with arachnoid cysts. Arachnoid cysts are usually asymptomatic, but in this case, a 53-year-old woman experienced symptoms and ultimately required a craniotomy. The researchers suggest that patients with known cranial arachnoid cysts should be informed of the potential risks associated with epidural injections. This information is important for healthcare providers and patients considering this intervention. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Auckland in New Zealand aimed to develop a prognostic tool for spinal epidural abscess (SEA) that is simple and multidimensional. The study analyzed data from 150 patients and identified three key factors that contribute to mortality and treatment failure in SEA: comorbidities, severity, and function. The researchers developed a new score called "CSF" based on these factors, which showed promising results in predicting 90-day mortality and treatment failure. The study suggests that this simplified tool could be easily implemented in clinical practice, but further validation is needed. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University in China explored the use of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to spinal-epidural anesthesia for cesarean section surgery. The study involved 60 participants who were randomly assigned to receive either dexmedetomidine or a placebo. The results showed that the group receiving dexmedetomidine experienced lower pain scores and longer analgesic duration compared to the placebo group. The researchers concluded that the use of dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant could effectively extend the analgesic duration of ropivacaine to 24 hours following cesarean surgery. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research findings on low-grade lymphoma, specifically focusing on low-grade B-cell lymphomas in the spinal epidural space. The study highlights that lymphoma rarely occurs within the central nervous system and is typically associated with disseminated systemic disease. The researchers present two cases of primary spinal Dural- and epidural-based low-grade lymphomas that were successfully treated with local adjuvant radiation without chemotherapy, resulting in excellent long-term symptomatic and systemic disease control. The report also includes a review of the literature on epidural and Dural low-grade lymphomas to provide guidance on the treatment of these rare lesions. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Ataturk University School of Medicine in Erzurum, Turkey conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine the hemodynamic effects of two different doses of intrathecal isobaric bupivacaine combined with fentanyl in patients undergoing caesarean section under combined spinal epidural anesthesia. The study included 80 patients who were randomly allocated to two groups. The results showed that combining 5 mg of isobaric bupivacaine with 15 mcg of fentanyl provided adequate anesthesia while maintaining better hemodynamic stability compared to combining 7 mg of isobaric bupivacaine with 15 mcg of fentanyl. The study has been registered with the clinical trial registration number NCT05136040. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from the University of Aberdeen discusses the relationship between hypertension and postoperative symptomatic spinal epidural hematoma (PSSEH), a serious complication of spinal surgery. The review found that uncontrolled or untreated preoperative hypertension, increases in systolic blood pressure during extubation, and elevated postoperative systolic blood pressure were associated with an increased risk of PSSEH. However, the overall quality of evidence was low due to the retrospective nature of the studies and lack of precision in reporting. The findings suggest the need for further well-controlled studies to investigate the relationship between blood pressure and PSSEH and to establish preoperative blood pressure targets for elective spine surgery. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Columbia University in New York City explored the case of a healthy 20-year-old college student who developed a spinal epidural abscess (SEA) following a diagnosis of strep pharyngitis. The patient presented with symptoms of neck pain, fever, and a neurologic deficit, which are common indicators of SEA. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an epidural collection and cord compression, and surgical cultures grew a highly unusual pathogen called Fusobacterium necrophorum. The patient was successfully treated with abscess evacuation and a course of antibiotics. This case highlights the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of SEA in otherwise healthy individuals. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the Women and Children's Hospital in Chongqing, China, focused on spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma (SSEH), a rare condition that can cause severe neurological injuries. The study highlighted the case of a 29-year-old pregnant woman who initially received epidural labor analgesia but later required a cesarean section under epidural anesthesia. Despite not experiencing any back pain, the woman developed paralysis in her left lower extremity. The diagnosis of SSEH was confirmed through MRI examination, leading to emergency decompression surgery. The study emphasizes the importance of considering SSEH in pregnant women undergoing epidural analgesia and the need for early intervention and spinal imaging. [Extracted from the article]