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The article explores the role of the Singapore Free Press & Mercantile Advertiser during the War of 1898 in the Philippines. It emphasizes the British Empire's interest in the Philippines and their support for the United States to take control of the islands. The Free Press collaborated with Filipino revolutionaries to advocate for Filipino self-government, but their efforts did not result in a protectorate. The article also discusses the collaboration between Howard W. Bray and William G. St. Clair, the editor of the Free Press, in promoting Filipino independence. St. Clair believed in a British protectorate model for the Philippines, while other British observers in Asia preferred U.S. rule. The Free Press praised the Filipino Republic's leadership and organization, encouraging them to accept U.S. protection instead of demanding complete independence. The article suggests that further research is needed to understand the complex transimperial dialogues that influenced U.S. colonialism in the Philippines. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the exhibition "1898: US Imperial Visions and Revisions" at the Smithsonian National Portrait Gallery in Washington, DC. The exhibition explores American territorial expansion through portraiture and visual culture, focusing on the year 1898 when the US acquired territories through war and annexation. It showcases a variety of artifacts, including portraits, landscape paintings, quilts, maps, toys, and coins, to highlight the complexity of American involvement in the Philippines, Hawai'i, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam. The exhibition challenges the homogeneity of imperial narratives by presenting conflicting viewpoints and emphasizing the role of Indigenous agency. It also uses portraiture to humanize the geopolitical context and prompt new discourses on American empire. The exhibition is organized thematically and geographically, with an emphasis on perspective and diversity of sources. It encourages viewers to question the motivations of different actors and understand the limitations of perspective in historical narratives. The exhibition is accessible and provides verbal descriptions of items, with well-lit cases for fragile objects. Overall, it successfully presents a revised and varied field of gazes on US empire, inviting viewers to think about the intersections of history, art, politics, and culture in everyday life. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the Indies' significant role in Spain's economic warfare during Philip IV's reign. It challenges the perception of the American territories as peripheral participants, emphasizing their central involvement in the General Reprisal against the French during the Franco-Spanish War. The study reveals interconnected policies between the Indies and European territories, the adaptations of the reprisal scheme to suit the American settings, and the consideration of each territory's unique conditions. It also highlights the importance of the French mercantile community in Seville, their integration into the Atlantic trade, and their strategies to recover property in the American territories. Additionally, the article analyzes the introduction of rogation days in the Indies as a complementary measure, serving as a propaganda tool to otherize the French, influence public opinion, and shape perceptions of foreignness. Overall, the research enhances our understanding of Spain's economic warfare strategies and their global impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Beauty Regimes: A History of Power and Modern Empire in the Philippines, 1898–1941" by Genevieve Alva Clutario is a book that explores the role of beauty and fashion in the Philippines during the transition from Spanish to United States to Japanese imperial regimes. Clutario analyzes the impact of sartorial material culture on people and empire, highlighting the centrality of clothes, cloth, and spectacle during this colonial period. The book delves into the sartorial practices of Filipina women, the role of spectacle in reaffirming U.S. economic stability, the transnational Philippine beautification industry, and the use of fashion to reaffirm identity and challenge social hierarchies. Clutario's research is thorough and provides valuable insights into the intersections of gender, empire, race, and class in the Philippines. [Extracted from the article]

The Second Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902) had an impact on Spain after its defeat in the Spanish-American War (1898). The harmony between Britain and the US alarmed Spain: fearing Britain should wish to seize Spanish overseas territories through aggressive policies, as with the Transvaal and Orange. The Spanish press, public opinion and literature rejected Britain's imperialist policy and spiritually supported the Boers' cause. Additionally, Britain's historiography on the Boer War has largely focused on attributing the invention of concentration camps to General Weyler in order to soften Britain's international image after her inhumane treatment of Afrikaners and black Africans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines two incidents of Quechan and Tohono O'odham mobility across the U.S.-Mexico border in the late 1890s. Contrasts between the incidents reveal the influence of international relations on U.S. Indian policy, as federal officials responded to local events in ways that were shaped by issues ranging from extradition laws to customs protections to diplomatic pressures. More broadly, the incidents shed light on some of the variety inherent to Indigenous relationships with the border and some of the textures of Anglo-America's conceptions of the border as an instrument of cultural assimilation, capitalist development, and territorial surveillance and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CIRCULO de Linguistica Aplicada a la Comunicacion is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses two books: "Transpacific Reform and Revolution: The Chinese in North America, 1898–1918" by Zhongping Chen and "Westernization Movement and Early Thought of Modernization in China Pragmatism and Changes in Society, 1860s–1900s" by Jianbo Zhou. Chen's book focuses on the reforms and revolutions in Late Qing and early Republican China, with a special emphasis on the Chinese diaspora in North America. The book explores the interactions between Chinese reformists and revolutionaries, their collaboration and competition, and the role of overseas Chinese organizations in promoting their ideologies. Zhou's book examines the Westernization Movement in Qing China, highlighting the involvement of intellectuals, bureaucrats, and private entrepreneurs in adopting Western technology and ideas. Both books provide nuanced perspectives on Chinese politics and modernization efforts during these periods. [Extracted from the article]

The Treaty of London (1604) brought an end to the long Anglo-Spanish War. Scholars have assumed that peace was broadly welcomed, especially among the English mercantile community. Yet many merchants had made vast fortunes from the war, through privateering or opening trade routes with Spain's imperial territories. This article demonstrates that the lobbying of merchants significantly shaped the negotiations for the Treaty of London. Simultaneously, multiple manuscript treatises arguing pro or contra peace were widely circulated: these foregrounded commercial concerns in their analysis of foreign policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Beauty Regimes: A History of Power and Modern Empire in the Philippines, 1898-1941" by Genevieve Alva Clutario explores the connection between beauty and feminine gender ideals in the Philippines. The book examines the role of beauty contests in Filipino culture and analyzes the project of beauty production as a form of self-empowerment and a tool of nationalism during the American colonial period. It also delves into the history of embroidery in the Philippines, highlighting the labor of non-elite women in the transnational industry. The book concludes with a study of high fashion in the Philippines and the significance of the terno as a marker of elite women's modern nationalist identity. Using a variety of sources, including newspapers, magazines, memoirs, and colonial archives, the book offers fresh insights into the American colonial period in the Philippines through the lens of fashion and beauty. [Extracted from the article]

While the paragraphs that became the Monroe Doctrine ostensibly focused on Latin America, the many other paragraphs of Monroe's annual message concerned a panoply of political and geopolitical issues deemed by the Cabinet to be facing the United States. Some Latin American jurists and diplomats imagined that the Monroe Doctrine could be bent toward multilateral ends, whereas others repudiated the Monroe Doctrine as irredeemably imperialistic. 2 For reconsideration of Monroe's role in the Monroe Doctrine, see Brook Poston, "'Bolder Attitude': James Monroe, the French Revolution, and the Making of the Monroe Doctrine", I Virginia Magazine of History and Biography i 124, no. 4 (2016): 282-315. Why should the Monroe Doctrine be investigated, in 2023, beyond the arbitrary reason that this is its bicentennial year?. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the reporting of the USS Maine explosion and the events leading up to the Spanish-American War in various newspapers, including the Copper Country Evening News, the New York Times, and the Kalamazoo Telegraph. While these newspapers relied on the Associated Press for their news reports, they presented different perspectives and tones in their coverage. The Copper Country Evening News focused on the cause of the explosion, the New York Times provided multiple opinions and theories without speculation, and the Kalamazoo Telegraph highlighted local voices and opinions. The article emphasizes the significance of considering smaller newspapers and local perspectives in understanding public opinion during this period. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the relationship between constitution and colonies in Spain. Since 1837, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines were expressly excluded from the formal constitutions of the metropolis. Differently to the type of constitutionalism from which they were expelled, the colonies, however, seemed to retain a real and material constitution, defined by geographers with geographic criteria, which ultimately served to uphold the whole political discourse concerning the particularities of nations overseas as well as to justify, in constitutional terms, their exclusion from the series of Spanish constitutions until the final collapse of their colonial regime in 1898. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Footnotes 1 Elliott West, "Reconstructing Race", I Western Historical Quarterly i 34 (Spring 2003): 6-26. 2 For recent works that incorporate Greater Reconstruction ideas, see Steven Hahn, "The Widest Implications of Disorienting the Civil War Era", in I Civil War Wests: Testing the Limits of the United States i , ed. But the hope here is that a Greater Reconstruction lens of analysis will facilitate an intriguing and exciting reconsideration of seemingly familiar nineteenth-century events, processes, and themes in ways that will broaden historical understandings of the role of the United States across the hemisphere and throughout the world. 3 For the seminal work on Reconstruction, see Eric Foner, I Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863-1877 i (New York: Harper & Row, 1988). [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fabrica Litterarum Polono-Italica is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

S.K. Patil, quintessential Congressman of Bombay city and cabinet minister in three central governments from 1957 to 1963 and 1964 to 1967, was the kind of figure in Indian politics, who personified Rajni Kothari's Congress "system" of clients-patrons and chains-links. A Patelite, Patil was a thorn in Nehru's side. A leader of the business community, he identified with a network politics involving capital. He was an indifferent administrator, but an influential party apparatchik and his career peaked in 1964–1967, when he was a part of the all-important Congress "syndicate." Afterward, however, he struggled for relevance in the turbulent decade of the 1970s. In this research article based on Patil's personal papers, I offer these fragments from his political life as interesting prisms through which to view (a) aspects of intra-party and inter-ministerial conflictual culture, (b) issues concerning the top-down character of governance with implications for public policy and (c) the complex opposition to it, both inside and outside, thereby repaying this visit to an individual's trajectory in contemporary history with parallels for current politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the multifaceted political and cultural meanings of electrical supply and technologies in a context of recent loss of an empire and a contested nation-building process. It explores how some Spanish engineers employed electricity to articulate a nationalist modernism that saw electricity as a secure path to development and industrialization, particularly following the final collapse of the overseas empire in 1898. At a time in which several groups confronted the challenges of Spanish modernization and the reconfiguration of post-imperial national identity, electricity became involved in several socio-technical (and energy) imaginaries as well as in techno-political strategies. However, conceptions of how the new 'electrified' future should look like varied greatly, especially when dealing with the specifics of designing large-scale electrical infrastructures. Given the diverse professional, social, and political outlooks of the different Spanish engineering communities, mobilisations of electricity were inscribed within complex and evolving social and political agendas. This article highlights the need to understand electrification – and by extension, energy transitions – as a contingent process that must be adapted to pre-existing political and socio-cultural forms to ensure the most socially inclusive and culturally nuanced account of its heterogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the origins of the Army Nurse Corps in the Spanish-American War and the contributions of the Daughters of the American Revolution Hospital Corps. This organization was a vital proponent of employing contract nurses as medical auxiliaries, women whose service demonstrated both the capability of, and necessity for, female nurses in the military. The article also addresses the role of the American Red Cross in providing medical support, but concludes that tensions over control of transportation, supplies, and personnel drove the Army away from voluntary aid and toward creating a professional nurse corps within its Medical Department. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the publication of "The Collected Works of Errico Malatesta, Volume III, A Long and Patient Work: The Anarchist Socialism of L'Agitazione, 1897–1898." The book, edited by Davide Turcato and translated by Paul Sharkey, focuses on the writings of Errico Malatesta, an Italian anarchist who returned to Italy after a period of exile in London. The collection includes published and unpublished works by Malatesta, as well as writings by others about him. The book explores Malatesta's thoughts on anarchism as a political philosophy and his ideas on how anarchism could be implemented in politics and economics. The volume also examines the challenges faced by Malatesta and other anarchists during this period, including the question of using violence for revolution and the possibility of forming alliances with other political groups. The article suggests that this book is a valuable resource for scholars interested in anarchist thinking in the late nineteenth century. [Extracted from the article]

Sarah Deutsch's book, "Making a Modern U.S. West: The Contested Terrain of a Region and Its Borders, 1898–1940," offers a comprehensive history of the US West that centers on labor and work. Deutsch explores themes such as infrastructure development, financial trends, and labor migration within the context of borders and empire. The book is organized into four parts, each focusing on a specific time period and examining the impact of federal efforts to create borders, social movements that challenged these boundaries, and the remaking of economic boundaries in the 1930s. Deutsch's book provides a nuanced and engaging perspective on the history of the US West, highlighting the region's significance and interconnectedness with events in the East. [Extracted from the article]

An 1891 graduate of Cumberland School of Law, Cordell Hull served our country in countless ways. He served as captain of the Fourth Regiment of the Tennessee Volunteer Infantry in the Spanish-American War, as judge for the fifth judicial circuit of Tennessee, as a member of the Tennessee State House of Representatives, the United States House of Representatives, and the United States Senate, and as United States Secretary of State. President Franklin D. Roosevelt referred to him as the “Father of the United Nations.” Hull received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 in honor of his work to establish that body. Hull is less well known for his work to establish another important and enduring institution—the federal income tax. In his 1948 memoir, Hull wrote that he doubted that he would be able to render public service equal to his work to establish the income tax system even if he had two lifetimes. This essay explains why Hull regarded the federal income tax as among his chief contributions. First, it outlines Hull’s personal history, his experiences with his mentor, United States Representative Benton McMillin, and Hull’s efforts to pass the Revenue Act of 1913. Second, it discusses the historical, economic, and political context that motivated Hull to introduce the tax reform that sustained the United States through two world wars and made possible widespread economic prosperity in the twentieth century. Finally, it discusses the original impetus for reform, compares the economic conditions from over 100 years ago to those prevailing today, and outlines what it would take to fulfill Hull’s vision and intentions for the federal tax system and the country in the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Spanish-American War of 1898 ushered in an era of American rule over the Philippines that formally ended in 1946. An expansive colonial government developed with Americans filling most professional positions early on. There was a slow transition to Filipinos holding those positions, and this process can be seen in the field of librarianship. By the middle of 1924 library leadership and the teaching of library science was firmly in the hands of Filipinos. The University of Wisconsin and those associated with the institution, both Americans and Filipinos, played leading roles in the development of Philippine librarianship. This article explores this special relationship, focusing on the pre–World War II era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the crisis of the modern liberal state and the historical development of the state. Topics include emergence of the modern liberal state and how the modern, liberal state responded to political, social and technological changes; and historical contexts of the Neolithic Revolution, the Late Neolithic Period, the Early Modern Period, the Greek city-state and Roman republican governance to apply an anthropological/sociological frame to crisis of the modern, liberal state.