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Persimmon peels are mostly discared as a by-product of dried persimmon manufacturing, but effective use is required as it contains various functional constituents. This study covers the preparation of carotenoid-enriched oil by ultrasound treatment of persimmon peel in soybean oil solvent, and the investigation of its physicochemical characteristics. Using the Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology, the optimal extraction conditions (temperature, 62°C; time, 32 min; and persimmon peel to oil ratio, 1:3.1) were determined based on the carotenoid concentration of the extract. The physicochemical characteristics of the extract obtained under optimal conditions and the untreated soybean oil (control) were compared. The total carotenoid content of the extract increased. The carotenoid-enriched soybean oils had a lighter color than the controls, but with high redness and yellowness values. The effect of sonication and a component of the persimmon peel on the oxidation and heating stability of soybean oil was weak. The viscosity and activation energy of carotenoid-enriched soybean oil were slightly higher than those of the control. Thus, it was possible to prepare yellow-red carotenoid-enriched soybean oil by applying ultrasonic-soybean oil solvent extraction to persimmon peel. The oil is expected to be useful as an additive as well as a substitute for general edible oils.

본 연구의 목적은 쌓기놀이를 활용한 수학적 과정 활동이 만 5세 유아의 수학능력 및 수학적 태도에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하는 목적으로 수행되었다. D시에 위치한 J유치원의 유아 26명을 실험집단에, B유치원의 유아 25명을 통제집단에 임의 할당하였다. 실험집단에는 쌓기놀이를 활용한 수학적 과정 활동을 8주간 매주 2회씩 총 16회에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 유아 그림수학능력 검사와 수학적 태도 검사를 통해 자료를 수집하였으며 쌓기놀이를 활용한 수학적 과정 활동의 효과를 검증하기 위해 공분산분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 첫째, 쌓기놀이를 활용한 수학적 과정 활동을 실시한 실험집단이 통제집단보다 수학능력 전체 점수와 하위요소인 대수, 수와 연산, 기하, 측정의 점수가 유의미하게 높았다. 또한 수학적 태도에서도 실험집단의 점수가 통제집단의 점수보다 유의미하게 높았다. 이러한 연구결과는 만 5세 유아의 수학능력과 수학적 태도를 향상시키기 위해 쌓기놀이에 수학적 과정 활동을 적용하는 것이 가능함을 시사한다.

This study explores Mikhail Bakhtin’s notion of ideological becoming (IB) in a bilingual (Korean and English) kindergarten classroom. For Bakhtin, IB is the process of appropriating authoritative discourse as one’s own dialogic interactions. In our study, we view the literacy and language discourses of schooling as one type of authoritative discourse that students appropriate as their own in the process of IB. Additionally, Bakhtin’s focus on language is extended in our study to include other modes of communication, such sounds, symbols, gestures, drawings, and artifacts that children use to make meaning with each other. The study found that students’ appropriation of the authoritative discourse of schooling relied on multimodal forms of communication as part and parcel to the process of IB. Thus, this study illuminates how oral languages (in this case, Korean or English or the informal patois combining the two) provide only one mode in the complex process of internalizing authoritative discourse;...

Silkworms contain a powerful and effective fibroin promoter, which controls the expression of fibroin, a silk protein. The fibroin promoter and well-known characteristics of silkworm, the application of transgenic technique to silkworm will provide an excellent opportunity to mass-produce biomolecules. In this study, the production of recombinant human insulin like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I) in the silkworm system was designed. The method makes use of the microinjection technique and P element vector to transfer foreign genes into the chromosomes. We constructed the expression vector using the fibroin gene promoter and P element vector containing IGF-I gene (pFpIGF-I). We then microinjected this vector into eggs, and through PCR screening, transgenic silkworms were selected. We isolated and purified rhIGF-I from silkworm cocoons, returning a concentration of rhIGF-I of about 1,300 ng/g from transgenic silkworm cocoons. In a comparison of transgenic silkworm rhIGF-I and colostral IGF-I on cell proliferation, colostral IGF-I was better able to increase the proliferation rate of the cell line relative to the transgenic silkworm rhIGF-I, and showed a similar cell proliferation pattern. The anti-cancer effects of transgenic silkworm rhIGF-I were higher than that of colostral IGF-I on HeLa and SNU-C1 cancer cells. These results confirmed the construction of new transgenic silkworm strains producing rhIGF-I.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of mulberry juice on the quality characteristics of mulberry jelly. Samples of mulberry jelly were divided into four groups by adding different mulberry juice. The four groups were divided into MJ-0 (mulberry jelly without mulberry juice), MJ-30 (mulberry jelly with 30% mulberry juice), MJ-50 (mulberry jelly with 50% mulberry juice) and MJ-70 sample (mulberry jelly with 70% mulberry juice). The moisture content in all MJ samples decreased with an increase in the addition of mulberry juice. The highest crude ash content, brix and pH in MJ-70 sample were 0.66%, 25.00 °Brix and 4.84, respectively. No significant crude fiber changes were observed in all MJ samples. In the case of Hunter`s value, `L` values in all MJ samples decreased with an increase in the addition of mulberry juice. Turbidity, brown degree, total phenolic content, DPPH radical scavenging activity and content increased with an increase in mulberry juice. Levels of Ca, K, Na, and Mg contents in all samples were higher than those of the other minerals. Texture in all MJ samples on the whole decreased with an increase in mulberry juice added. However, no significant texture charges were observed in all samples. The highest scores for the overall acceptance (4.52) were found in the MJ sample with 50% mulberry juice.

This study was conducted to investigate growth performance, photosynthesis, water use efficiency (WUE), and stomatal conductance () of container seedlings of Liriodendron tulipifera and Zelkova serrata growing under three different irrigation periods (1 time/1 day, 1 time/2 days and 1 time/3 days) for high seedling quality. The root collar diameter and height of L. tulipifera and Z. serrata seedlings were highest with 1 time/1 day irrigation, whereas they were lowest with 1 time/3 days irrigation. The two species showed low drought tolerance. As irrigation period was shortened, biomass and seedling quality index (SQI) of the two species increased. The ratio of height to root collar diameter (H/D) and the ratio of below to aboveground biomass (T/R) of the two species were lower with 1 time/3 days than at other irrigation periods. L. tulipifera and Z. serrata seedlings showed significantly higher photosynthetic capacity with 1 time/1 day irrigation. As irrigation period was shortened, of two species increased, while their WUE decreased significantly (P

We performed a single-center, randomized, double-blind study to compare muscle strength in patients who had undergone primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), performed using either a minimally invasive or a conventional surgical technique. We evaluated 30 knees in healthy age-matched subjects, 22 knees after conventional TKA (conventional group), and 23 knees after minimally invasive surgery TKA (MIS group). The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, Oxford knee score (OKS), and isokinetic (60º/s) muscle strength were evaluated the day before surgery and 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. HSS and OKS improved significantly over time during follow-up (p0.001), but there was no significant difference between the groups (p0.05). The extensor peak torque (EPT) and flexor peak torque (FPT) improved significantly over time (p0.001) and EPT was greater in the MIS group than in the conventional group during the follow-up period (p0.05). There was no difference in FPT and the hamstring-to-quadriceps ratio between the groups. Although MIS patients had a significant deficit in extensor strength following TKA, compared with healthy controls, this approach offers a significant improvement in extensor muscle strength over conventional surgery. These results suggest that the MIS approach results in better outcomes with regard to maintaining extensor strength than the conventional surgical approach.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Gastrodia elata Blume concentrate on quality characteristics of Gastrodia elata Blume jelly. The Gastrodia elata Blume jelly samples were divided into five groups by adding different Gastrodia elata Blume concentrates. The five groups were divided into GBJ-0, GBJ-5, GBJ-10, GBJ-15, and GBJ-20 (Gastrodia elata Blume jelly with 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% Gastrodia elata Blume concentrate). The highest contents of crude protein and crude ash, and the brix in the GBJ-20 sample were 0.34 and 0.59%, and 22.28°Brix, respectively. The crude fiber and pH change (4.65-4.76) were not significantly observed in any of the GBJ samples. Turbidity, degree of brownness, and total phenolics increased with an increasing the amount of extract. A significant difference was observed between samples with and without the extracts in terms of hardness, springiness, gumminess, and chewiness, as well as K, Mg, Cu, Mn, and Zn contents. Hardness, gumminess, and chewiness increased in all GBJ samples with an increase the amount of extract added, whereas adhesiveness decreased. The highest tartaric acid content in th e GBJ-0 sample and malic acid in the GBJ-20 jelly sample were 15.58 mg/100 g and 137.45 mg/100 g, respectively. The levels of Ca, K, and Mg increased with an increase in the amount of added extract. The highest score for overall acceptance (4.13) was in the GBJ-10 sample with 10% Gastrodia elata Blume concentrate.

In Web environment, a flood of spam causes serious social problems such as personal information leak, monetary loss from fishing and distribution of harmful contents. Moreover, types and techniques of spam distribution which must be controlled are varying as days go by. The learning based spam classification method using Bag-of-Words model is the most widely used method until now. However, this method is vulnerable to anti-spam avoidance techniques, which recent spams commonly have, because it classifies spam documents utilizing only keyword occurrence information from classification model training process. In this paper, we propose a spam document detection method using a characteristic of repeating words occurring in spam documents as a solution of anti-spam avoidance techniques. Recently, most spam documents have a trend of repeating key phrases that are designed to spread, and this trend can be used as a measure in classifying spam documents. In this paper, we define six variables, which represent a characteristic of word repetition, and use those variables as a feature set for constructing a classification model. The effectiveness of proposed method is evaluated by an experiment with blog posts and E-mail data. The result of experiment shows that the proposed method outperforms other approaches.

Nanocellulose was prepared by acid hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) at different hydrobromic acid (HBr) concentrations. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite films were prepared by the reinforcement of nanocellulose into a PVA matrix at different filler loading levels and subsequent film casting. Chemical characterization of nanocelluloses was performed for the analysis of crystallinity (Xc), degree of polymerization (DP), and molecular weight (Mw). The mechanical and thermal properties of the nanocellulose reinforced PVA films were also measured for tensile strength and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The acid hydrolysis decreased steadily the DP and Mw of MCC. The crystallinity of MCC with 1.5 M and 2.5 M HBr showed a significant increase due to the degradation of amorphous domains in cellulose. Higher crystalline cellulose showed the higher thermal stability than MCC. From X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, nanocellulose samples showed the higher peak intensity than MCC cases. Reduction of MCC particle by acid hydrolysis was clearly observed from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. The tensile and thermal properties of PVA composite films were significantly improved with the increase of the nanocellulose loading.

This article describes a novel medial meniscal allograft transplantation method that permits easy passage of posterior bone plugs and facilitates bone-to-bone healing. With this method, an anterior bone plug with a long cylindrical shape is prepared, and the posterior bone plug is prepared using only a 2-mm deep, flat bone shell containing cancellous material with 6 baseball Ethibond stitches placed around it. The graft is divided into 3 portions, and boundaries of each are marked. Using a posteromedial portal, the posterior bony bed is prepared directly, and the exact anatomic location is visualized. This modified method facilitates graft passage as well as bone-to-bone healing.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement of allergic dermatitis in chemical allergen-induced mice by Lactobacillus sakei probio 65. L. sakei probio-65 was isolated from kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food. This strain was resistant to gastric acidity, bile, and several antibiotics and possessed antimicrobial activity against several pathogenic microorganisms. To investigate whether the probiotic activity of L. sakei probio 65 was effective for treating allergic dermatitis, the organism was supplied to mice triggered by allergen (1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene). Mice that received L. sakei probio 65 showed a more rapid recovery compared to control mice, as assessed by visual evaluation of the severity of allergic dermatitis and levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) E and interleukin (IL)-4. L. sakei probio 65 exhibited good probiotic properties in vitro and in mice and was effective in reducing allergen-induced skin inflammation through the regulation of both elevated IgE and IL-4 in sensitized mice.

In vitro anaerobic incubations of timothy (Phleum pretense L.) forage with bovine rumen fluid were conducted at 39℃ for 0, 3, 6, 9, 24, and 36 h in three trials to examine the biohy- drogenation of linolenic (C18:3) and linoleic acids (C18:2) and their bypass from the rumen. The objectives of the first trial was to study the effect of growth stage (stem elongation, early heading, late heading, and early flowering) and N-fertilization (0 and 120 kg N ha－1) on in vitro biohydrogenation of C18:2 and C18:3. The hydrogenable fraction, the effective disappearance and the bypass of C18:2 and C18:3 were high in timothy harvested at stem elongation, and decr- ease linearly with maturity. The N-fertilization increased the hydrogenable fraction of C18:3, the effective disappearance and the bypass of C18:2 and C18:3. However, the rate of disappearance of C18:2 and C18:3 were not affected by maturity and N-fertilization (P>0.1). In trial 2, the effect of timothy conservation method on in vitro C18:2 and C18:3 biohydrogenation was determined. Silage had the highest effective disappearance of C18:2 and C18:3, and grass hay had lowest one. The amounts of C18:2 and C18:3 biohydrogenated were higher in haylage and silage than in grass hay. Comparative to haylage timothy, the bypass of C18:3 was higher in fresh grass, wilted grass and grass hay. The bypass of C18:2 was higher in fresh grass and silage in comparison to grass hay and haylage. In trial 3, the effects of formic acid and Lactobacillus plantarum inoculum addition to timothy haylage and silage on C18:2 and C18:3 disappearance and bypass were studied. Haylage and silage additives had no effect (P>0.1) on effective disappearance and bypass of C18:2 and C18:3. The addition of formic acid increased the rate of biohydrogenation of C18:3 in haylage and silage, but it decreased the hydrogenable fraction of C18:2 in silage. The results of these three incubation trials show that the hydrogenable fraction and the bypass of C18:2 and C18:3 in timothy decreased with maturity and increased with N-fertilization. Higher amount of C18:2 and C18:3 were biohydrogenated in haylage and silage than in grass hay, and C18:3 ruminal disappearance was higher in fresh grass, wilted grass and grass hay than in haylage.

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) rich fraction, collected components between 1 kDa and 30 kDa, was fractionated from bovine colostral whey using an ultrafiltration membrane. IGF-I was confirmed in the collected IGF-I rich fraction by both SDS- PAGE and Western blotting. The concentration of IGF-I in the IGF-I rich fraction was 10 ng/mg protein. One hundred microliters of the reconstituted IGF-I rich fraction was intraperitoneally injected into ICR male mice for 2 weeks at 24 h intervals. The functions of peritoneal macrophages, including phagocytosis, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α production, and nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production, were enhanced significantly by the administration of the IGF-I rich fraction in a dose-dependent manner (p

During lactic acid bacteria (LAB) transit through the gastrointestinal tract, ingested microorganisms were exposed to successive stress factors, including low pH in the human stomach and in bile acid. These stress factors can be used as criteria for the selection of a viable probiotic strain. Four such strains (Lactobacillus helveticus SGU 0011, Lactobacillus pentosus SGU 0010, Streptococcus thermophilus SGU 0021 and Lactobacillus casei SGU 0020) were isolated from raw milk. When the identified LAB were exposed to synthetic gastric juice, whereas L. casei SGU 0020 and S. thermophilus SGU 0021 exhibited a 0% survival rate, L. helveticus SGU 0011 and L. pentosus SGU 0010 exhibited 60% and 95% survival rates. L. casei SGU 0020 and S. thermophilus SGU 0021 could not be examined with regard to their tolerances to artificial bile juice, as they uniformly died upon exposure. However, L. helveticus SGU 0011 and L. pentosus SGU 0010 individually survived at rates of 39% and 93%. Also, all four of these strains were confirmed to be tolerant of ten different antibiotics. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2006. Vol 19, No. 1 : 131-136)

Recently, It has focused on decision tree algorithm that can handle large dataset. However, because most of these algorithms for large datasets process data in a batch mode, if new data is added, they have to rebuild the tree from scratch. h more efficient approach to reducing the cost problem of rebuilding is an approach that builds a tree incrementally. Representative algorithms for incremental tree construction methods are BOAT and ITI and most of these algorithms use a local discretization method to handle the numeric data type. However, because a discretization requires sorted numeric data in situation of processing large data sets, a global discretization method that sorts all data only once is more suitable than a local discretization method that sorts in every node. This paper proposes an incremental tree construction method that efficiently rebuilds a tree using a global discretization method to handle the numeric data type. When new data is added, new categories influenced by the data should be recreated, and then the tree structure should be changed in accordance with category changes. This paper proposes a method that extracts sample points and performs discretiration from these sample points to recreate categories efficiently and uses confidence intervals and a tree restructuring method to adjust tree structure to category changes. In this study, an experiment using people database was made to compare the proposed method with the existing one that uses a local discretization.

The nutritional requirements forPrevotella sp. 4PCCNB2 isolated from the rumen of a native goat in Korea and those of the ATCC 19189 strain isolated from the bovine rumen were investigated. The two strains grew well with ammonium sulfate as the sole added nitrogen source. However, neither a complex of amino acids nor casein hydrolysate effectively replaced ammonium sulfate. Biotin,p-aminobenzoic acid, and vitamin B12 were essential to culture the ATCC 19189 strain. Unlike the ATCC 19189 strain, however, B12 was only stimulatory for the growth of the 4PCCNB2 strain. The 4PCCNB2 strain grew well in the basal medium without an individual acid such as acetic acid or valeric acid. In contrast, either acetic or valeric acid was absolutely required for the growth of the ATCC 19189 strain.

Bovine PAS-4 is an integral membrane glycoprotein expressed in mammary epithelial cells. Complementary DNA (cDNA) cloning of PAS-4 was performed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with oligonucleotide probes based on it's amino terminal and internal tryptic-peptides. The cloned PAS-4 cDNA was 1,852 nucleotides (nt) long and its open reading frame (ORF) was encoded 1,413 base long. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated that PAS-4 consisted of 471 amino acid residues with molecular weight of 52,796, bearing 8 potential N-glycosylation sites and 9 cysteine residues. Partial bovine CD36 cDNA from liver also was sequenced and the homology of both nucleotide sequence was 94%. Most of the identical amino acid residues were in the luminal/extracellular domains. Contrary to PAS-4, bovine liver CD36 displays 6 potential N-glycosylation sites, which were located, except for those at positions 101 and 171, at same positions as PAS-4 cDNA. Cysteine residues of PAS-4 and CD36 were same at position and in numbers. Northern blot analysis showed that PAS-4 was widely expressed, although its mRNA steady-state levels vary considerably among the analyzed cell types. PAS-4 possessed hydrophobic amino acid segments near the amino- and carboxyl-termini. Two short cytoplasmic tails of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal ends constituted of a 5-7 and 8-11 amino acid residues, respectively.

One of the biological functions of lactoferrin is the modulation of the host defense systems, including cytokine production and immune responses. We have tested the effect of lactoferrin on the productions of tumor necrosis factor-α and nitric oxide in some cells. Lactoferrin itself did not induce either tumor necrosis factor-α production or nitric oxide production, but lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-α production of macrophages and monocytes were inhibited by lactoferrin treatment combined with stimulant. The induction of nitric oxide synthesis in stimulated macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells was not affected by the lactoferrin. J. Cell. Biochem. 76:30–36, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Desflurane is the most pungent of the currently used volatile anesthetics. We assessed whether the incidence of perioperative upper respiratory events in children undergoing general anesthesia via a supraglottic airway is higher with desflurane than with sevoflurane as maintenance anesthetic.We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the electronic medical records of consecutive children 1 to 15 years of age who underwent general anesthesia via a supraglottic airway at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between June 2013 and June 2015. The patients were assigned to the sevoflurane or desflurane group according to the anesthetic used. The characteristics of the patients were compared. The primary outcome variable was the incidence of upper respiratory events.The incidence of upper respiratory events in the 3439 evaluated patients was 0.43% (12/2777) in the sevoflurane group and 0.30% (2/662) in the desflurane group (P = 0.75; odds ratio = 0.69 [95% confidence interval = 0.16-3.13]). The difference between the 2 groups was not significant.Compared with sevoflurane, desflurane does not increase the risk of perioperative upper respiratory events in children receiving general anesthesia via a supraglottic airway.

Antimony-doped tin oxide films were prepared on Corning glass substrate by chemical vapor deposition from a gas mixture of SnCl4–SbCl5–H2O. The electrical conductivity and optical transmission of tin oxide films were studied with antimony doping. The film conductivity increased largely without losing optical transparency with a small addition of antimony. The increase of the conductivity was attributed mainly to more electrons donated by pentavalent Sb ions in the SnO2 lattice. Large additions of antimony, however, diminished the conductivity, optical transparency, and crystallinity of the film. The diminution was found to be caused by fine Sb2O5 phases codeposited with SnO2.

Antimony-doped tin oxide films were prepared on Corning glass substrate by chemical vapor deposition from a gas mixture of SnCl4–SbCl5–H2O. The electrical conductivity and optical transmission of tin oxide films were studied with antimony doping. The film conductivity increased largely without losing optical transparency with a small addition of antimony. The increase of the conductivity was attributed mainly to more electrons donated by pentavalent Sb ions in the SnO2 lattice. Large additions of antimony, however, diminished the conductivity, optical transparency, and crystallinity of the film. The diminution was found to be caused by fine Sb2O5 phases codeposited with SnO2.

A novel carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite electrolyte was successfully synthesized by the thermal polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with CNTs for solid-state dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The prepared CNTs-PMMA composite electrolytes were characterized by Fourior transformed-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and ionic conductivity. A strong bonding was observed between CNT and PMMA through ester bonding in the CNT-PMMA composite, resulting in the lowering of crystallinity and increasing the ionic conductivity of composite electrolyte. DSSCs fabricated with CNTs-PMMA composite electrolytes achieved relatively high conversion efficiency of 2.9% with an open circuit voltage (V(oc)) of 0.567 volt, short circuit current (I(sc)) of 8.9 mA/cm2 and fill factor of 61.8%, which is attributed to enhanced amorphicity and ionic conductivity due to the formation of strong bonding between CNT and PMMA molecules.

To investigate the clinical, radiologic, and arthroscopic findings of pullout repair in medial meniscus root tear (MRT) and to compare the results of pullout repair and partial meniscectomy.This study enrolled 58 consecutive patients with medial MRT who underwent partial meniscectomy (M group, n = 28) or pullout repair (R group, n = 30) between September 2003 and August 2007. The patients were evaluated by the Lysholm knee score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee score, joint space narrowing, and Kellgren-Lawrence grade on simple radiographs. Medial meniscal extrusion and the state of the meniscus and articular cartilage on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were documented. We performed second-look arthroscopy in 14 patients with pullout repair and evaluated fixation strength and hoop tension of the meniscus and the state of the articular cartilage.There were no differences in demographic data (age, sex, and body mass index) between the 2 groups. The mean follow-up was 48.5 months in the R group and 46.1 in the M group. Lysholm and IKDC scores improved significantly in both groups (P.05). However, the R group had better Lysholm and IKDC scores and less joint space narrowing and progression of the Kellgren-Lawrence grade than the M group did (P.05). In a subgroup analysis of the R group, medial meniscal extrusion on MRI decreased from 3.13 to 2.94 mm. Of the patients, 28 (93.3%) showed complete or partial healing of the meniscus. On MRI, 6 (20%) showed arthrosis progression. On second-look arthroscopic examinations in 14 patients in the R group, 9 (64.3%) showed normal fixation strength, 10 (71.4%) had normal restoration of hoop tension, 5 (35.7%) showed arthrosis progression, and 2 (6.7%) had repeat tears of the meniscus.Arthroscopic pullout repair of a medial MRT gave significantly better clinical and radiologic results than partial meniscectomy, and sound healing with restoration of hoop tension of the meniscus was observed on MRI and second-look arthroscopy. We propose that this method is an effective treatment for medial MRT.Level III, retrospective comparative study.

In this paper, instant current limiter using a Magnetic Switching for DC power system is proposed. In DC power system, it is very difficult to cut off the fault current because it has no Zero-Crossing. This paper proposes an instant current limiter to reduce the DC current instantaneously by using a magnetic switching circuit, which can be utilized as a DC FCL(Fault Current Limiter) for DC circuit breaker. The existing cut-off approach for DC system uses dI/dt to decide whether the fault occurs or not in order to achieve fast cut-off approach before the fault current is increased. But fast fault decision using dI/dt has a relatively large uncertainty so it would cause malfunctions. With the aid of the proposed FCL, it is possible to achieve a safe cut-off of the fault current after the fault current is increased enough. We can ensure an enough time to decide the fault occurrence and reduce a cut-off capacity and increase a safety to cut off the fault current. The suggested system can also be utilized to AC current limiter for power systems with a large range of application in the future.

This article describes a novel medial meniscal allograft transplantation method that permits easy passage of posterior bone plugs and facilitates bone-to-bone healing. With this method, an anterior bone plug with a long cylindrical shape is prepared, and the posterior bone plug is prepared using only a 2-mm deep, flat bone shell containing cancellous material with 6 baseball Ethibond stitches placed around it. The graft is divided into 3 portions, and boundaries of each are marked. Using a posteromedial portal, the posterior bony bed is prepared directly, and the exact anatomic location is visualized. This modified method facilitates graft passage as well as bone-to-bone healing.

Female athletes are more prone to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than their male counterparts, presumably because of anatomical, hormonal, and neuromuscular differences. Of these three, only the neuromuscular component can be modified by preventive exercise. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a neuromuscular protocol on the prevention of ACL injury by performing meta-analysis, and to identify essential factors by subgroup analysis. An extensive literature review was conducted to identify relevant studies, and eventually, only seven randomized controlled trials or prospective cohort studies were included in the analysis. The odds ratios (OR) and the confidence interval (CI) for the overall effects of training and of potentially contributory factors were estimated. The OR and the 95% CI for the overall effect of the preventive training were 0.40 and [0.27, 0.60], respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that an age under 18, soccer rather than handball, pre- and in-season training rather than either pre- or in-season training, and the plyometrics and strengthening components rather than balancing were significant. Meta-analysis showed that pre- and in-season neuromuscular training with an emphasis on plyometrics and strengthening exercises was effective at preventing ACL injury in female athletes, especially in those under 18 years of age. Further study is required to develop a relevant training program protocol of appropriate intensity.

Synthetic fluids of class 7 group 2, as an insulating and cooling material are selected as specimens, and it is studied for the physical properties. Also, benzotriazole (BTA) known as suppressant of streaming electrification is added to specimen, and the change of physical and electrical properties by addition of BTA is investigation. From the spectrum of FT-IR, it is confirmed that the absorption peak in wavenumbers 3400/spl sim/3450[cm/sup -1/] is small or disappears when BTA is added. AC breakdown strength and volume resistivity of each specimen are investigated. It is considered that the optimum content of BTA is about 10[ppm] for the suppression of electrification in this experiment.

In order to investigated the electrical properties of silicone gel due to the curing condition, volume resistivity and dielectric strength are investigated. Some samples made under several different curing conditions are experimented. The relationship between dielectric strength and electrode distance is investigated as well in this paper. The external 60 Hz; 3 kV/sec AC voltage is applied to the specimen until the dielectric breakdown occurs. It is proved that the electrical properties of specimen cured at 170/spl deg/C, 60 minutes and 120 minutes are superior to the others in the experimental result.

A study has been carried out on volume resistivity of low density polyethylene (LDPE) which is irradiated with an electron beam by using an electron beam accelerator. From the analysis of DSC, the crystalline melting point of the specimen irradiated with electron beam is lower than that of original specimen. It is confirmed that the volume resistivity increased as temperatures increase from 60[/spl deg/C] to the crystalline melting point because of the defects of the solid structure and the formation of many trap centers by mean of electron beam irradiation, but decreased as temperatures go over the crystalline melting point because of the crystalline melting.

The paddle-wheel-type centrosymmetric dinuclear title complex, [Zn(2)(C(7)H(5)O(2))(4)(C(12)H(10)N(2))(2)], contains four bridging benzoate groups and two terminal trans-1-(2-pyrid-yl)-2-(4-pyrid-yl)ethyl-ene (L) ligands. The inversion center is located between the two Zn(II) atoms. The octa-hedral coordination around the Zn(II) atom, with four O atoms in the equatorial plane, is completed by an N atom of the L mol-ecule [Zn-N = 2.0198 (15) Å] and by the second Zn(II) atom [Zn⋯Zn = 2.971 (8) Å]. The Zn(II) atom is 0.372 Å out of the plane of the four coordinating O atoms.

A 68-year-old woman who suffered from polycythemia vera presented at our clinic with the chief complaints of pain, swelling, and a warm sensation in her left thigh. She had undergone a left bipolar hemiarthroplasty following a hip fracture 24 days prior to this presentation. Her erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were elevated. In addition, a postoperative infection was suspected in the 3-phase bone scan; therefore, she received intravenous antibiotic therapy. This approach proved to be ineffective and she was subsequently diagnosed with a deep vein thrombosis via color Doppler ultrasonography. It is interesting to note that a deep vein thrombosis can present with symptoms similar to those of a postoperative infection. Furthermore, an elevated CRP level is frequently observed in patients suffering from polycythemia vera. Therefore, the two conditions, which require completely different treatments, can be confused. We report on this case with a review of the relevant literature.