154 results on '"Senna spectabilis"'
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2. Allelochemicals of the invasive tree species Senna spectabilis alleviate antioxidant enzyme activities in native plants of Western Ghats.
- Author
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Suby, Hrideek, T. K., and Santhoshkumar, A. V.
- Abstract
Invasive alien species are major threats to biodiversity worldwide. Senna spectabilis is one such species that has been introduced to several countries, including India. This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic potential of aqueous extract of leaves of Senna spectabilis on native plants. For these five native plant seedlings (Ailanthus tryphysa (AT), Pongamia pinnata (PP), Tectona grandis, Hopea parviflora (HP), and Dendrocalamus strictus (DS)) of 6 months old were root fed with leaf extract of S. spectabilis for 3 years. Assays such as metabolic activity, L-proline estimation, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Ascorbate peroxidase and Polyphenol oxidase) were used to assess the allelopathic potential of S. spectabilis, and finally, bioactive phytochemical compounds like Neophytadiene, Nerolidol, 2,4-Ditert-Butylphenol etc. were identified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The effects of S. spectabilis extracts highly varied depending on the native species and the variable measured. Regarding antioxidant enzyme activities of the native species, APX and CAT were generally higher in AT and HP, independently of the treatment with S. spectabilis extracts. However, SOD of AT and PP clearly increased as the concentration of the S. spectabilis extracts increased. In general, S. spectabilis extracts tend to increase formazan content of HP and DS and proline content of PP. GC‒MS analysis detected 28 phytoconstituents in the S. spectabilis leaf extracts and 7 plant allelochemicals were identified, including phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and terpenoids. These findings suggest that S. spectabilis has strong allelopathic potential, which could contribute to its invasive potential. The present study highlights the need for effective management strategies to control the spread of this invasive species and the importance of selecting specific native species for restoration programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Evaluation of heterotoxicity and identification of allelochemicals of leaf extract of invasive Senna spectabilis (D.C.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby.
- Author
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Prajitha, T. and Bai, R. Sudha
- Subjects
CHICKPEA ,ALLELOCHEMICALS ,MUNG bean ,BIOSPHERE reserves ,ACID derivatives ,CINNAMIC acid ,ANTHRAQUINONES - Abstract
The exotic ornamental tree Senna spectabilis (DC.) H. S. Irwin and Barneby has invaded various Protected Areas of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve including the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary in India creating a significant threat to biodiversity. This study examined the allelopathic potential and heterotoxicity of invasive S. spectabilis leaf extract by bioassay under laboratory conditions and identified its allelochemicals using HRLC-ESI–MS (QTOF) analysis. The bioassay experiment with test plant species including Vigna radiata (mung bean), Cicer arietinum (chickpea), and Amaranthus cruentus (red amaranth) was conducted in the laboratory and the methanolic leaf extract found to exhibit the greatest inhibitory activity. The percentage of inhibition of plumule growth by methanolic leaf extract on V. radiata, C. arietinum, and A. cruentus were 82%, 86%, and 99%, respectively. Phenol and proline content were significantly increased in germinated seedlings treated with even a quarter strength of leaf extract. Further by HR-LCMS analysis fifteen important allelochemicals were identified including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthraquinone, benzoic acid derivatives, and cinnamic acids. A soil sterilization experiment was used to examine the role of soil microbes in the phytotoxicity of leaf leachate. No significant variations exhibited in the phytotoxicity. The full strength of leaf leachate inhibited the shoot length of B. bambos by 52% in the sterile and 48% in the non-sterile soil, whereas it was 74 and 68%, respectively, in V. radiata. Further studies in the process of allelochemical release and their mode of action may confer a more lucid knowledge concerning the invasion mechanisms of S. spectabilis through allelopathy, guiding to practical management strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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4. Undocumented invasive exotic woody plants of Mabira Central Forest Reserve, Uganda.
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Kalema, James, Bukenya, Ahmad, Sande, Eric, and Olupot, William
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INTRODUCED plants , *WOODY plants , *FOREST reserves , *JACKFRUIT , *INTRODUCED species , *PLANT invasions , *BIOLOGICAL invasions - Abstract
Invasive exotic species are problematic to biodiversity conservation. However, the knowledge of exotic invaders in tropical forests remains limited. Lessons from sites elsewhere suggest that the problem could be worse than is known. To increase our understanding of this problem, we surveyed exotic woody plants in Mabira Central Forest Reserve, Uganda. The site has a long history of anthropogenic disturbance. Seven woody exotic species were encountered, three of which had population structures indicative of invasiveness and distributions suggestive of the early stages of invasion. One of these species Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby was localised to an 8.6 ha site north of the reserve. Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels occurred mainly in an 8.7 ha patch south of the reserve, while Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. was more widely distributed. T. superba has been reported to be invasive in two other countries, but it is not yet clear whether or not the reported invasions are occurring in protected forests. A. heterophyllus is reported to be invasive in various countries, yet rarely quantitatively demonstrated outside the Brazilian Atlantic forests. S. spectabilis is a common invasive in forests throughout the tropics, and this is the first report of its invasiveness in this reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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5. Native mammals disperse the highly invasive Senna spectabilis in the Western Ghats, India.
- Author
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Anoop, N. R., Sen, Sandeep, Vinayan, P. A., and Ganesh, Thyagarajan
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ASIATIC elephant ,MAMMALS ,INFORMATION resources management ,MANURES ,SEED dispersal ,TREE growth - Abstract
Senna spectabilis, a native tree of tropical America is rapidly colonizing the forests of Western Ghats. We identified the Asian elephant (Elephasmaximus) as the major disperser of Senna, with the dung facilitating germination of the species. The study provides critical information for the management of Senna in tropical Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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6. Karyotic analysis among populations of Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Leguminosae: Caesalapinioideae), an invasive alien species of South India.
- Author
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Muraleekrishanan, K., Hrideek, T. K., and Santhoshkumar, A. V.
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INTRODUCED species , *DECIDUOUS forests , *WILDLIFE refuges , *KARYOTYPES , *CHROMOSOMES , *ORNAMENTAL plants - Abstract
Senna spectabilis is an invasive alien species known for its extremely fast-growing habit, profusely flowering and fruit setting nature, and high coppicing ability. In India, its introduction is not well documented, which probably may have been introduced as an ornamental plant. Presently this species has aggressively spread across the moist deciduous forests of Wayanad wildlife sanctuary in the Western Ghats, peninsular India, with adverse impact on the survival of the indigenous species of flora and fauna. The present study used six distinct populations of the species, Anakkatty, Muthanga, Vythiri, Azhnjilam, Thiruvanathapuram and Munnar karyotype analysis. In mitotic metaphase, cells of S. spectabilis showed a stable chromosome count of 2n = 28, x =14. The statistical analysis shows that there was a significant difference between the characters studied. The observations were compared with the chromosome characters reported from native S. spectabilis population. While it was found that the chromosome number remainsthe same 2n = 28, there were differences with most of the characters studied. The study points to the requirement for more intense taxonomic studies and monitoring of this species and its populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
7. Tourist Agroforestry Landscape from the Perception of Local Communities: A Case Study of Rwenzori, Uganda.
- Author
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Iacopino, Simone, Piazzi, Carlo, Opio, Julius, Muhwezi, Deus Kamunyu, Ferrari, Efrem, Caporale, Filippo, and Sitzia, Tommaso
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LANDSCAPE assessment ,AGROFORESTRY ,LAND use ,SOCIAL pressure ,LAND cover - Abstract
The Bakonjo have long practiced an agroforestry system of cultivation on the Ugandan slopes of the Rwenzori Mountain range. All terrain above 1600–2200 m has been strictly protected for many years because it is part of a national park. As a trade-off, the landscapes outside the park have been largely deforested. In the meantime, tourist numbers have increased. In Ruboni, a village of 1200 people, the closest to the eastern gate of the park, we interviewed a random sample of 51 residents aged >14 to understand how they perceived the landscape, park and tourism. Cultivated features were not essential to describe the place of residence, in contrast to natural features and human engineered devices. Cultivated and natural elements were judged as beautiful. Even if the inhabitants did not like human engineered facilities, they welcomed their improvement. The origin of native and non-native plants was not consistently recognized. These results show that the inhabitants feel affection for the agroforestry pattern of the Rwenzori landscape. However, ecological, social and economic pressures are challenging land use sustainability. This would be better addressed by an integrated pattern of land governance than the current two models: strict protection inside the park and relaxed land use outside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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8. Estudio fitoquímico y evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante de flores de Senna spectabilis obtenidas en la región andina colombiana.
- Author
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Matulevich-Pelaez, Javier-Andres, Castrillon-Cardona, William-Fernando, Rodríguez-Renuma, Laura-Marcela, and Medina-Doncel, Juan-Pablo
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THIN layer chromatography , *ETHYL acetate , *OXIDANT status , *COLUMN chromatography , *GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) , *CINNAMIC acid derivatives - Abstract
The present work shows the results of the phytochemical study of Senna spectabilis flowers and the evaluation of their antioxidant capacity, for this, the plant material was collected in the municipality of Guaduas (Cundinamarca) and identified through the Colombian National Herbarium with the number collection COL 600165, after extraction processes by cold maceration, 100 g of ethanolic extract were obtained, which was fractionated with solvents of increasing polarity, obtaining fractions of heptane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, then they were subjected to separation processes by Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography (CC), the tentative identification of the obtained mixtures and isolated compounds was carried out by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), allowing the identification of three mixtures made up of ester, ketone, anthraquinone, monoterpenoid and a derivative of cinnamic acid compounds; and the compounds methyl cinnamate and caffeine. The antioxidant capacity of the obtained fractions and the ethanolic extract were studied by the DPPH method, in addition, the measurement of total phenols and the quantification of flavonoids were carried out. The results indicate that the dichloromethane fraction exhibited an inhibition percentage greater than 30 % and that the highest concentration of phenols and flavonoids is found in this same fraction. In this way, the work gave a chemical contribution (isolation of methyl cinnamate and caffeine, and three mixtures) and a biological contribution after identifying the fraction of dichloromethane obtained from the flowers of the species as the one with the greatest amount of substances with antioxidant capacity. has respect to the other fractions and extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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9. Estudio fitoquímico y evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante de flores de Senna spectabilis obtenidas en la región andina colombiana
- Author
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Javier-Andres Matulevich-Pelaez, William-Fernando Castrillon-Cardona, Laura-Marcela Rodriguez-Renuma, and Juan-Pablo Medina-Doncel
- Subjects
cafeína ,fitoquímica ,Senna spectabilis ,Technology ,Science - Abstract
El presente trabajo muestra los resultados del estudio fitoquímico de las flores de Senna spectabilis y la evaluación de su capacidad antioxidante, para esto se recolectó el material vegetal en el municipio de Guaduas (Cundinamarca) y se identificó a través del Herbario Nacional Colombiano con el número de colección COL 600165; tras procesos de extracción por maceración en frío se obtuvieron 100 g de extracto etanólico, el cual fue fraccionado con solventes de polaridad creciente, obteniéndose fracciones de heptano, diclorometano y acetato de etilo, estas fueron sometidas a procesos de separación por cromatografía en capa fina (CCF) y cromatografía en columna (CC), la identificación tentativa de las mezclas obtenidas y los compuestos aislados se llevó a cabo mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM), permitiendo identificar tres mezclas conformadas por compuestos tipo éster, cetona, antraquinona, monoterpenoide y un derivado del ácido cinámico, y los compuestos cinamato de metilo y cafeína. Se estudió la capacidad antioxidante de las fracciones obtenidas y el extracto etanólico por el método DPPH, además se realizó la medición de fenoles totales y la cuantificación de flavonoides. Los resultados indican que la fracción de diclorometano exhibió un porcentaje de inhibición superior a 30 % y que la mayor concentración de fenoles y flavonoides se encuentra en esta misma fracción. De esta manera, el trabajo dio un aporte químico (aislamiento de cinamato de metilo y cafeína, y tres mezclas) y un aporte biológico, tras identificar a la fracción de diclorometano obtenida de las flores de la especie como la que mayor cantidad de sustancias con capacidad antioxidante tiene respecto a otras fracciones y otros extractos.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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10. In vitro antiviral activity of piperidine alkaloids from Senna spectabilis flowers on Chikungunya virus infection
- Author
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Freitas, Thamires Rodrigues, Novais, Raul Marques, Santos, Igor Andrade, Martins, Daniel Oliveira Silva, Danuello, Amanda, da Silva Bolzani, Vanderlan, Jardim, Ana Carolina Gomes, and Pivatto, Marcos
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Tourist Agroforestry Landscape from the Perception of Local Communities: A Case Study of Rwenzori, Uganda
- Author
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Simone Iacopino, Carlo Piazzi, Julius Opio, Deus Kamunyu Muhwezi, Efrem Ferrari, Filippo Caporale, and Tommaso Sitzia
- Subjects
land cover and land use change ,local community ,biodiversity conservation ,invasive non-native species ,Senna spectabilis ,Lantana camara ,Agriculture - Abstract
The Bakonjo have long practiced an agroforestry system of cultivation on the Ugandan slopes of the Rwenzori Mountain range. All terrain above 1600–2200 m has been strictly protected for many years because it is part of a national park. As a trade-off, the landscapes outside the park have been largely deforested. In the meantime, tourist numbers have increased. In Ruboni, a village of 1200 people, the closest to the eastern gate of the park, we interviewed a random sample of 51 residents aged >14 to understand how they perceived the landscape, park and tourism. Cultivated features were not essential to describe the place of residence, in contrast to natural features and human engineered devices. Cultivated and natural elements were judged as beautiful. Even if the inhabitants did not like human engineered facilities, they welcomed their improvement. The origin of native and non-native plants was not consistently recognized. These results show that the inhabitants feel affection for the agroforestry pattern of the Rwenzori landscape. However, ecological, social and economic pressures are challenging land use sustainability. This would be better addressed by an integrated pattern of land governance than the current two models: strict protection inside the park and relaxed land use outside.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Effects of supplementation with tropical dry forest tree foliage on meat quality and fatty acid composition in Colombian creole lambs (ovis aries).
- Author
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Díaz-Avila, Vicente, Peñuela-Sierra, Lina, and Castañeda-Serrano, Román
- Subjects
TROPICAL dry forests ,SHEEP ,MEAT quality ,FATTY acids ,SATURATED fatty acids ,LAMBS ,FORAGE plants - Abstract
Copyright of Boletín Científico Centro de Museos de Historia Natural is the property of Universidad de Caldas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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13. Complete chloroplast genome of Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby (Fabaceae) and phylogenetic analysis
- Author
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Zhaowan Shi, Guozheng Shi, Kunkun Zhao, and Bing Sun
- Subjects
senna spectabilis ,chloroplast genome ,ornamental tree ,phylogenetic analysis ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby is a popular ornamental tree as well as a traditional medical plant in Cameroon. In this study, we sequenced and annotated the complete chloroplast genome of S. spectabilis and reconstructed the phylogenetic relationship of the tribe Cassieae. The length of the chloroplast genome was determined to be 162,754 bp, containing a pair of inverted repeats of 25,413 bp which separated by a small single-copy (SSC) region of 20,161 bp and a large single-copy (LSC) region of 91,767 bp. The cp genome encodes 128 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The percentage of total GC content of this genome was 35.7%. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that S. spectabilis with the sampled Senna species formed a well-supported monophyletic clade.
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- 2020
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14. Isolation, leishmanicidal evaluation and molecular docking simulations of piperidine alkaloids from Senna spectabilis.
- Author
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Lacerda, Rosimeire Borges Moreira, Freitas, Thamires Rodrigues, Martins, Mário Machado, Teixeira, Thaise Lara, da Silva, Cláudio Vieira, Candido, Pamela Aparecida, Oliveira, Ronaldo Junio de, Júnior, Claudio Viegas, Bolzani, Vanderlan da Silva, Danuello, Amanda, and Pivatto, Marcos
- Subjects
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LEISHMANIA , *MOLECULAR docking , *PIPERIDINE , *ALKALOIDS , *SENNA (Genus) , *PHARMACEUTICAL chemistry - Abstract
Graphical abstract Natural alkaloid (–)-3- O -acetylcassine (green) with leishmanicidal activity, isolated from Senna spectabilis flowers. Highlights • The novel alkaloid (–)-3- O -acetylcassine was isolated from Senna spectabilis flowers. • All the alkaloids displayed significant leishmanicidal activity against L. amazonensis. • In silico evaluation suggested how the alkaloids bind in the active site of L. amazonensis arginase. Abstract Leishmaniasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that are especially common among low-income populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Many natural products, particularly alkaloids, have been reported to have inhibitory activity against arginase, the key enzyme in the pathology caused by Leishmania sp. In this way, piperidine alkaloids (–)-cassine (1), (–)-spectaline (2), (–)-3- O -acetylcassine (3), and (–)-3- O -acetylspectaline (4) were isolated from Senna spectabilis flowers. These compounds (1 / 2 and 3 / 4) initially present as homologous mixtures were separated by high performance liquid chromatography and evaluated against the promastigote phase of Leishmania amazonensis. In addition, molecular docking simulations were implemented in order to probe the binding modes of the ligands 1 – 4 to the amino acids in the active site of L. amazonensis arginase. Alkaloid 2 (IC 50 15.81 μg mL−1) was the most effective against L. amazonensis. Compounds 2 and 4 , with larger side chain, were more effective against the parasite than compounds 1 and 3. The cell viability test on Vero cells revealed that compound 2 (CC 50 66.67 μg mL−1) was the most toxic. The acetyl group in the 3- O position of the parent structures reduced the leishmanicidal activity and the toxicity of the alkaloids. Further, molecular docking suggested that Asn143 is essential for arginase to interact with (–)-spectaline-derived compounds, which agreed with the IC 50 measurements. Our findings revealed that S. spectabilis is an important source of piperidine alkaloids with leishmanicidal activity. Moreover, the natural compound 3 has been isolated for the first time. Experimental investigation combined with theoretical study advances knowledge about the enzyme binding site mode of interaction and contributes to the design of new bioactive drugs against Leishmania infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Anticonvulsant effects of Senna spectabilis on seizures induced by chemicals and maximal electroshock.
- Author
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Nkamguie Nkantchoua, Gisele Claudine, Kameni Njapdounke, Jacqueline Stephanie, Jules Fifen, Jean, Sotoing Taiwe, Germain, Josiane Ojong, Lucie, Kavaye Kandeda, Antoine, and Ngo Bum, Elisabeth
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL experimentation , *ANTICONVULSANTS , *ELECTROCONVULSIVE therapy , *SEIZURES (Medicine) , *FLUMAZENIL , *ISOQUINOLINE , *DRUG-herb interactions , *MEDICINAL plants , *MICE , *PILOCARPINE , *PLANT extracts , *SPASMS , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *GABA modulators , *PHARMACODYNAMICS , *PREVENTION - Abstract
Senna spectabilis (Fabaceae) is one of the medicinal plants used in Cameroon by traditional healers to treat epilepsy, constipation, insomnia, anxiety. The present study aimed to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of Senna spectabilis decoction on seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), pilocarpine (PC) and its possible action mechanisms in animal models using flumazenil (FLU), methyl-ß-carboline-3-carboxylate (BC) and bicuculline (BIC). Senna spectabilis decoction (106.5 and 213.0 mg/kg) antagonized completely tonic-clonic hind limbs of mice induced by MES. The lowest plant dose (42.6 mg/kg) provided 100% of protection against seizures induced by PTZ (70 mg/kg). Administration of different doses of the plant decoction antagonized seizures induced by PC up to 75%, causing a dose dependent protection and reduced significantly the mortality rate induced by this convulsant. Both FLU and BC antagonize strongly the anticonvulsant effects of this plant and are unable to reverse totally diazepam or the plant decoction effects on inhibiting seizures. The animals did not present any sign of acute toxicity even at higher doses of the plant decoction. In conclusion, Senna spectabilis possesses an anticonvulsant activity. We showed that its decoction protects significantly mice against seizures induced by chemicals and MES, delays the onset time and reduces mortality rate in seizures-induced. It also appears that the oral administration of the decoction of S. spectabilis is more active than the intraperitoneal administration of the ethanolic extract on inhibiting seizures induced by MES and PTZ. Moreover, the plant decoction could interact with GABA A complex receptor probably on the GABA and benzodiazepines sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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16. Inhibitory effects of (+)-spectaline and iso-6-spectaline from Senna spectabilis on the growth and ultrastructure of human-infective species Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream form.
- Author
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Lim, Kah Tee, Amanah, Azimah, Chear, Nelson Jeng-Yeou, Zahari, Zuriati, Zainuddin, Zafarina, and Adenan, Mohd. Ilham
- Subjects
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TRYPANOSOMA brucei , *PIPERIDINE , *AUTOPHAGY , *CELL death , *SPECTROMETRY - Abstract
In our ongoing work searching for new trypanocidal lead compounds from Malaysian plants, two known piperidine alkaloids (+)-spectaline ( 1 ) and iso-6-spectaline ( 2 ) were isolated from the leaves of Senna spectabilis (sin. Cassia spectabilis ). Analysis of the 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra showed that 1 and 2 presented analytical and spectroscopic data in full agreement with those published in the literature. All compounds were screened in vitro against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense in comparison to the standard drug pentamidine. Compound 1 and 2 inhibited growth of T. b. rhodesiense with an IC 50 value of 0.41 ± 0.01 μM and 0.71 ± 0.01 μM, without toxic effect on L6 cells with associated a selectivity index of 134.92 and 123.74, respectively. These data show that piperidine alkaloids constitute a class of natural products that feature a broad spectrum of biological activities, and are potential templates for the development of new trypanocidal drugs. To our knowledge, the compounds are being reported for the first time to have inhibitory effects on T. b. rhodesiense . The ultrastructural alterations in the trypanosome induced by 1 and 2 , leading to programmed cell death were characterized using electron microscopy. These alterations include wrinkling of the trypanosome surface, formation of autophagic vacuoles, disorganization of kinetoplast, and swelling of the mitochondria. These findings evidence a possible autophagic cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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17. Native mammals disperse the highly invasive Senna spectabilis in the Western Ghats, India
- Author
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N. R. Anoop, Sandeep Sen, Thyagarajan Ganesh, and P. A. Vinayan
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biology ,Asian elephant ,Seed dispersal ,Senna spectabilis ,Zoology ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2021
18. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Phomopsis sp., an Endophytic Fungus from Senna spectabilis
- Author
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Vanessa Mara Chapla, Maria Luiza Zeraik, Valdecir F. Ximenes, Lisinéia Maria Zanardi, Márcia N. Lopes, Alberto José Cavalheiro, Dulce Helena S. Silva, Maria Cláudia M. Young, Luiz Marcos da Fonseca, Vanderlan S. Bolzani, and Angela Regina Araújo
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secondary metabolites ,bioactivities ,endophytic fungi ,Phomopsis sp. ,Senna spectabilis ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Chemical investigation of an acetonitrile fraction from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. led to the isolation of the new natural product 2-hydroxy-alternariol (7) together with the known compounds cytochalasins J (1) and H (2), 5'-epialtenuene (3) and the mycotoxins alternariol monomethyl ether (AME, 4), alternariol (AOH, 5) and cytosporone C (6). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by using 1-D and 2-D NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and high resolution mass spectrometry. The cytochalasins J (1) and H (2) and AOH (5) exhibited potent inhibition of the total ROS (reactive oxygen species) produced by stimulated human neutrophils and acted as potent potential anti-inflammatory agents. Moreover, cytochalasin H (2) demonstrated antifungal and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) inhibition in vitro.
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- 2014
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19. Effects of supplementation with tropical dry forest tree foliage on meat quality and fatty acid composition in Colombian creole lambs (ovis aries)
- Author
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Román David Castañeda-Serrano, Lina Maria Peñuela-Sierra, and Vicente Díaz-Avila
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Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ,Museology ,Creole language ,Silvopastoral systems ,Conservation ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Gliricidia sepium ,Leucaena leucocephala ,Tree (data structure) ,Guazuma ulmifolia ,Senna spectabilis ,Sistemas silvopastoriles ,Agronomy ,Fatty acid composition ,Ovis - Abstract
In tropical dry forest conditions, small ruminant production is an alternative for small farmers. Even so, the quality of the forages does not meet the nutritional requirements of the animals. However, the high biodiversity of trees that exist in the region offers a supplementation alternative especially during the dry season. The objective of this research work was to evaluate the quality and the profile effect of fatty acids in Colombian creole lamb meat supplemented with tree species from the tropical dry forest. A total of 35 lambs were used which were randomly distributed in 5 treatments as follows: T1: Botriochloa pertusa; T2: Botriochloa pertusa + 300 g/day of Leucaena leucocephala; T3: Botriochloa pertusa + 300 g/day of Gliricidia sepium; T4: Botriochloa pertusa + 300 g/day of Guazuma ulmifolia and T5 (BpSs): Botriochloa pertusa + 300 g/day of Senna spectabilis. The experimental units were brought to a final slaughter weight of ±32 kg and the pH, color, and fatty acid composition of the carcasses were evaluated at 24 hours. The meat quality parameters did not present significant differences (P>0.05) in the different supplements and obtained acceptable parameters for their consumption. It was evidenced that the proportions of saturated fatty acids (C 16: 0, C 18: 0, total SFA) in lambs supplemented with Senna spectabilis and Gliricidia sepium were lower (P< 0.05). It is concluded that under the conditions of the study the supplementations with Senna spectabilis and Gliricidia sepium can induce a favorable change in the fatty acid content of lamb meat. Resumen En condiciones de bosque seco tropical, la producción de pequeños rumiantes es una alternativa para los pequeños agricultores. No obstante, la calidad de los forrajes no atiende a los requerimientos nutricionales de los animales. Sin embargo, la alta biodiversidad de árboles que existe en la región ofrece una alternativa de suplementación especialmente en la época seca. El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación fue evaluar la calidad y el perfil de ácidos grasos en carnes de corderos criollos colombianos suplementados con especies arbóreas del bosque seco tropical. Se utilizaron 35 corderos los cuales fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en 5 tratamientos: T1 (control) = pastoreo en Botriochloa pertusa; T2= pastoreo en Botriochloa pertusa + 300 gr/día de suplemento a base de Leucaena leucocephala; T3= pastoreo en Botriochloa pertusa + 300 gr/día de Gliricidia sepium; T4= pastoreo en Botriochloa pertusa + 300 gr/día de Guazuma ulmifolia y T5= pastoreo en Botriochloa pertusa + 300 gr/día de Senna spectabilis. Las unidades experimentales fueron llevadas a un peso final de sacrificio de ± 32 kg y se evaluó el pH a las 24 horas, el color y el perfil lipídico de las canales. Los parámetros de calidad de la carne no presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas (P>0.05) en las diferentes suplementaciones y obtuvieron parámetros aceptables para su consumo. Se evidencio que las proporciones de ácidos grasos saturados (C 16:0, C 18:0, total de SFA) en los corderos suplementados con Senna spectabilis y Gliricidia sepium fueron menores (P< 0.05). Se concluye que bajo las condiciones del estudio las suplementaciones con Senna spectabilis y Gliricidia sepium pueden inducir un cambio favorable en el contenido de ácidos grasos de la carne de corderos.
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- 2021
20. Tourist landscape from the perception of local communities: a case study of Rwenzori, Uganda
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Iacopino, S., Piazzi, C., Opio, J., Muhwezi, D. K., Ferrari, E., Caporale, F., and Sitzia, T
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land cover and land use change ,Senna spectabilis ,invasive non-native species ,Lantana camara ,biodiversity conservation ,local community ,nature protection ,tourism development - Published
- 2022
21. Efeitos dos estresses hidrico e salino e da ação de giberelina em sementes de Senna spectabilis.
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Helma Jeller and Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtierres de Andrade Perez
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Cassia excelsa ,Senna spectabilis ,germinação ,estresse ,giberelina. ,Agriculture ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Senna spectabilis (DC.) Irwin et Barn. variedade excelsa (Schrad.) Irwin et Barn. é uma leguminosa de porte arbóreo indicada para paisagismo, arborização urbana e plantios em áreas degradadas recomendadas para preservação permanente. Na arborização ou em áreas degradadas essas plantas ficam sujeitas ao estresse hídrico e/ou salino. Assim foram estudados aspectos relativos aos efeitos desses estresses simulados e a ação de fitorregulador em sementes sob tais estresses. As sementes foram colocadas em placas de Petri sobre papel de filtro umedecido com Captan (2%) ou solução-teste e incubadas sob 27ºC. As soluções-teste foram PEG 6000 a 0,0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6; -0,7 e -0,8MPa e NaCl a 0,0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6; -0,8; -1,0; -1,2; -1,4; -1,5; -1,6 e -1,7MPa com ou sem a adição de GA3. As sementes de Senna spectabilis sob estresse hídrico induzido com PEG 6000 apresentaram limite máximo de germinabilidade a -0,7MPa, não sendo considerado um limite elevado de tolerância, em comparação com outras espécies lenhosas. Com relação ao efeito do estresse salino, a diminuição do potencial osmótico das soluções de NaCl levou a um decréscimo no sincronismo, na velocidade e germinabilidade, com germinação totalmente suprimida a -1,6MPa. A adição de 40ppm de ácido giberélico atenuou parcialmente os efeitos dos estresses hídrico e salino.
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- 2009
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22. In vitro evaluation of the schistosomicidal effect of the extracts, fractions and major 3-hydroxy-2,6-dialkyl-substituted piperidine alkaloids from the flowers of Senna spectabilis (Fabaceae).
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de Castro, Andreísa Teixeira, Castro, Aline Pereira, Silva, Matheus Siqueira, de Souza, Isabella Maria Monteiro, Martins-Souza, Raquel Lopes, Chagas-Paula, Daniela Aparecida, Coelho, Luiz Felipe Leomil, da Silva Bolzani, Vanderlan, Pivatto, Marcos, JuniorViegas, Claudio, and Marques, Marcos José
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DICHLOROMETHANE , *SUBSTITUTION reactions , *LEGUMES , *PIPERIDINE , *SCHISTOSOMA mansoni , *ALKALOIDS , *IN vitro studies , *THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
In this work, we present the in vitro schistosomicidal activity evaluation of the most active dichloromethane fraction (FDm) (ED 50 = 83.5 μg/mL) and of a mixture of the major alkaloids ((−)-cassine/(−)-spectaline, C/E) (ED 50 = 37.4 μg/mL) from the flowers of Senna spectabilis against adult worms and cercariae. We also demonstrate other toxic effects including paralysis of the adult worms, inhibition of the secretory activity, tegument lesions and cercaricidal activity. In the association test of Praziquantel (PZQ)-C/E, we observed up to 80% mortality of Schistosoma mansoni in comparison to PZQ monotherapy. Due to the diversity of the toxic effects, the schistosomicidal activity of C/E is likely a result of a multitarget mechanism involving the tegument, secretory system and neuromotor action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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23. Alkaloids derived from flowers of Senna spectabilis, (−)-cassine and (−)-spectaline, have antiproliferative activity on HepG2 cells for inducing cell cycle arrest in G1/S transition through ERK inactivation and downregulation of cyclin D1 expression
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Pereira, Rodrigo Machado, Ferreira-Silva, Guilherme Álvaro, Pivatto, Marcos, Santos, Luciana de Ávila, Bolzani, Vanderlan da Silva, Chagas de Paula, Daniela Aparecida, Oliveira, Jaqueline Carvalho de, Viegas Júnior, Cláudio, and Ionta, Marisa
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ALKALOIDS , *SENNA alexandrina , *ANTINEOPLASTIC agents , *CYCLINS , *PUBLIC health , *PALLIATIVE treatment - Abstract
Cancer is one of the most critical problems of public health in the world and one of the main challenges for medicine in this century. Unfortunately, most patients are diagnosed at advanced stage, when the treatment options are palliative. Consequently, the search for novel therapeutic options is imperative. In the context, the plants represent an important source for discovering of novel compounds with pharmacological potential including antineoplastic agents. Herein, we aimed to investigate in vitro antiproliferative and cytotoxic potentials of an alkaloid mixture derived from Senna spectabilis , (−)-cassine ( 1 ) and (−)-spectaline ( 2 ). These alkaloids reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner of six tumor cell lines. From initial screening, HepG2 cells were selected for further investigations. We show that alkaloids 1 / 2 have an important antiproliferative activity on HepG2 cells due to their ability in inducing cell cycle arrest in G1/S transition. This effect was associated to ERK inactivation and down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression. In addition, we evidenced a disruption of the microfilaments and microtubules in a consequence of the treatment. Taken together, the data showed by the first time that alkaloids 1 / 2 strongly inhibit cell proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Therefore, they represent promise antitumor compounds against liver cancer and should be considered for further anticancer in vivo studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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24. Estudio fitoquímico y evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante de flores de Senna spectabilis obtenidas en la región andina colombiana
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Matulevich Peláez, Javier A., Castrillón, William, Rodríguez, Laura C., Medina, Juan Pablo, Matulevich Peláez, Javier A., Castrillón, William, Rodríguez, Laura C., and Medina, Juan Pablo
- Abstract
The present work shows the results of the phytochemical study of Senna spectabilis flowers and the evaluation of their antioxidant capacity, for this, the plant material was collected in the municipality of Guaduas (Cundinamarca) and identified through the Colombian National Herbarium with the number collection COL 600165, after extraction processes by cold maceration, 100 g of ethanolic extract were obtained, which was fractionated with solvents of increasing polarity, obtaining fractions of heptane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, then they were subjected to separation processes by Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography (CC), the tentative identification of the obtained mixtures and isolated compounds was carried out by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), allowing the identification of three mixtures made up of ester, ketone, anthraquinone, monoterpenoid and a derivative of cinnamic acid compounds; and the compounds methyl cinnamate and caffeine. The antioxidant capacity of the obtained fractions and the ethanolic extract were studied by the DPPH method, in addition, the measurement of total phenols and the quantification of flavonoids were carried out. The results indicate that the dichloromethane fraction exhibited an inhibition percentage greater than 30 % and that the highest concentration of phenols and flavonoids is found in this same fraction. In this way, the work gave a chemical contribution (isolation of methyl cinnamate and caffeine, and three mixtures) and a biological contribution after identifying the fraction of dichloromethane obtained from the flowers of the species as the one with the greatest amount of substances with antioxidant capacity. has respect to the other fractions and extracts., El presente trabajo muestra los resultados del estudio fitoquímico de las flores de Senna spectabilis y la evaluación de su capacidad antioxidante, para esto se recolectó el material vegetal en el municipio de Guaduas (Cundinamarca) y se identificó a través del Herbario Nacional Colombiano con el número de colección COL 600165; tras procesos de extracción por maceración en frío se obtuvieron 100 g de extracto etanólico, el cual fue fraccionado con solventes de polaridad creciente, obteniéndose fracciones de heptano, diclorometano y acetato de etilo, estas fueron sometidas a procesos de separación por cromatografía en capa fina (CCF) y cromatografía en columna (CC), la identificación tentativa de las mezclas obtenidas y los compuestos aislados se llevó a cabo mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas (CG-EM), permitiendo identificar tres mezclas conformadas por compuestos tipo éster, cetona, antraquinona, monoterpenoide y un derivado del ácido cinámico, y los compuestos cinamato de metilo y cafeína. Se estudió la capacidad antioxidante de las fracciones obtenidas y el extracto etanólico por el método DPPH, además se realizó la medición de fenoles totales y la cuantificación de flavonoides. Los resultados indican que la fracción de diclorometano exhibió un porcentaje de inhibición superior a 30 % y que la mayor concentración de fenoles y flavonoides se encuentra en esta misma fracción. De esta manera, el trabajo dio un aporte químico (aislamiento de cinamato de metilo y cafeína, y tres mezclas) y un aporte biológico, tras identificar a la fracción de diclorometano obtenida de las flores de la especie como la que mayor cantidad de sustancias con capacidad antioxidante tiene respecto a otras fracciones y otros extractos.
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- 2021
25. The Leguminosas Cesalpinioideas of the Province of Santa Fe
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Eliana Exner and A. M. Luchetti
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Cesalpinioideae ,santa fe ,biology ,Senna aphylla ,lcsh:S ,Santa Fe ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:S1-972 ,lcsh:Agriculture ,cesalpinioideae ,Geography ,Taxon ,Genus ,Botánica ,Senna spectabilis ,Basionym ,Leguminosae ,Correct name ,leguminosae ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Humanities - Abstract
A review of the Leguminosae Cesalpinioideae growing naturally in the territory of Santa Fe province, Argentina, is presented as a contribution to the study of the flora of this province. A total of 19 species belonging to 9 genera are included. The following taxa are excluded from the flora of Santa Fe: Senna aphylla (Cav.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby y Senna spectabilis (DC.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby. For each genus, keys for the recognition of its species are provided. For each taxon, the following items are included: the correct name acceted by the botanical community and, when applicable, its basionym; vernacular names, a reference specimen, habitat, iconography, geographical distribution and ecological and phenological observations. Como contribución al estudio de la fl ora de Santa Fe, se presenta la revisión sinóptica de las Leguminosas Cesalpinioideas que crecen espontáneamente en el territorio de esta provincia. En total se incluyen 19 especies distribuidas en 9 géneros. Los siguientes taxones: Senna aphylla (Cav.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby y Senna spectabilis (DC.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby, son excluidos de esta fl ora. Para cada género se proporcionan claves que permiten el reconocimiento de sus especies. Para cada taxón se incluye su nombre correcto aceptado por la comunidad botánica y, cuando corresponde, su basónimo; nombres vernáculos, ejemplares de referencia, hábito, iconografía, distribución geográfi ca y observaciones fenológicas y ecológicas.
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- 2019
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26. EFEITOS DOS ESTRESSES HIDRICO E SALINO E DA AÇÃO DE GIBERELINA EM SEMENTES DE Senna spectabilis
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Helma Jeller and Sonia Cristina Juliano Gualtierres de Andrade Perez
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Cassia excelsa ,Senna spectabilis ,germinação ,estresse ,giberelina ,Agriculture ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Senna spectabilis (DC.) Irwin et Barn. variedade excelsa (Schrad.) Irwin et Barn. é uma leguminosa de porte arbóreo indicada para paisagismo, arborização urbana e plantios em áreas degradadas recomendadas para preservação permanente. Na arborização ou em áreas degradadas essas plantas ficam sujeitas ao estresse hídrico e/ou salino. Assim foram estudados aspectos relativos aos efeitos desses estresses simulados e a ação de fitorregulador em sementes sob tais estresses. As sementes foram colocadas em placas de Petri sobre papel de filtro umedecido com Captan (2%) ou solução-teste e incubadas sob 27ºC. As soluções-teste foram PEG 6000 a 0,0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6; -0,7 e -0,8MPa e NaCl a 0,0; -0,2; -0,4; -0,6; -0,8; -1,0; -1,2; -1,4; -1,5; -1,6 e -1,7MPa com ou sem a adição de GA3. As sementes de Senna spectabilis sob estresse hídrico induzido com PEG 6000 apresentaram limite máximo de germinabilidade a -0,7MPa, não sendo considerado um limite elevado de tolerância, em comparação com outras espécies lenhosas. Com relação ao efeito do estresse salino, a diminuição do potencial osmótico das soluções de NaCl levou a um decréscimo no sincronismo, na velocidade e germinabilidade, com germinação totalmente suprimida a -1,6MPa. A adição de 40ppm de ácido giberélico atenuou parcialmente os efeitos dos estresses hídrico e salino.
- Published
- 2001
27. Pod production, and dasometric variables, of the tree Senna spectabilis (Fabaceae) in a tropical dry forest
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Henry A. Váquiro, Omar Melo, Román David Castañeda-Serrano, Jesús Hemberg Duarte-Vargas, and Jairo Mora-Delgado
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Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests ,biology ,morfometría ,Crown (botany) ,Fabaceae ,silvopastoral ,biology.organism_classification ,vainas, morfometría ,vainas ,Horticulture ,pods ,Point of delivery ,modelos de predicción ,silvopastoril ,Ruminant ,Senna spectabilis ,models of predict ,Dry matter ,Tree (set theory) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,árboles dispersos ,morphometry ,scattered trees ,Mathematics - Abstract
Introduction: Senna spectabilis is a multipurpose pantropical tree, used in agroforestry systems. Objective: To determine pod production (Pp) and their relationship with dasometric variables in S. spectabilis in the tropical dry forest. Methods: From August 2016 to February 2017, thirty trees in production stage were randomly selected. The random selection was formed of the more isolated trees from the total dispersion. The trees were monitored at the beginning and end of the study period, to determine dasometric measurements such as total height (Th), height to the first branch (Hb), crown height (Ch), Stem diameter (at 0.2 m height from the ground) (Db), crown diameter (Cd), and crown volume (Cv) measured. Pods were harvested by the researcher with cutting and height cutting tongs when their color began to change. Pearson correlations and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed between the dasometric variables and pod production. The potential number of trees/ha (NPa) was calculated by determining the occlusion percentage (Op) and the shadow area/tree (Ca); to estimate the production potential of fruits/ha, the production of fruits/tree was multiplied by (NPa). Results: Th was 6.16 ± 1.23 m, Hb 2.75 ± 0.52 m, Ch 3.41 ± 0.98 m, Db 20.43 ± 4.80 cm, Cd 7.46 ± 1.20 m and Cv 108.43 ± 61.38 m3/tree. There was a significant positive correlation between Hb, Cd, Db, with Pp of 0.592**, 0.592**, and 0.446* respectively. Pp was 32.73 ± 16.13 kg/tree and the dry matter production (MSP) was 17.84 ± 8.80 kg/tree. The result of the multivariate regression indicated that the second-order polynomial model presented best goodness of fit. Op was 73.4 7.92 %, the cup area was 49.3 m2/tree, Ca was 36.2 m2/tree, and NPa was 83 trees. Conclusions: The production of fresh pods/ tree in the S. spectabilis presents a potential in its availability as feed for ruminant or seed production. The potential production of pods in silvopastoral with S. spectabilis could be 2.72 t/ ha, and 1.64 t/ ha of dry pods, this shows the importance of trees and of pods production and nutritional contribution obtained for dry ecosystems. Resumen Introducción: Senna spectabilis es un árbol pantropical multipropósito, utilizado en sistemas agroforestales. Objetivo: Determinar la producción de vainas (Pv) y la relación con las variables dasométricas en S. spectabilis en el bosque seco tropical. El número potencial de árboles/ha (NPa) fue calculado determinando el porcentaje de oclusión (Po) y el área de sombra/árbol (As); para calcular la producción potencial de frutos/ha, la producción de frutos/árbol fue multiplicada por (NPa). Métodos: Desde agosto del 2016 hasta febrero de 2017, treinta árboles en etapa de producción fueron seleccionados al azar, los más aislados del total de árboles dispersos fueron seleccionados, y fueron monitoreados al inicio y al final del período de estudio, para determinar las mediciones dasométricas como la altura total (At), altura a la primera rama (Apr), altura de la copa (Ac), diámetro del tallo (a 0.2 m altura desde el suelo) (Dt), diámetro de la copa (Dc) y volumen de copa (Vc). Las vainas se cosecharon cuando su color comenzó a cambiar. Se realizaron correlaciones de Pearson y análisis de regresión univariada y multivariada entre las variables dasométricas y la producción de vainas. El número potencial de árboles/ha (NPa) se calculó determinando el porcentaje de oclusión (Po) y el área de sombra/árbol (Asa); para estimar el potencial de producción de las vainas/ha, la producción de vainas/árbol se multiplicó por NPa. Resultados: La At fue de 6.16 ± 1.23 m, Apr 2.75 ± 0.52 m, Ac 3.41 ± 0.98 m, Db 20.43 ± 4.80 cm, Dc 7.46 ± 1.20 m y Vc 108.43 ± 61.38 m3/árbol. Existió una correlación positiva significativa entre Apr, Dc, Db, Pv de 0.592**, 0.592 ** y 0.446 * respectivamente. La Pv fue de 32.73 ± 16.13 kg y la producción de materia seca (PMS) fue de 17.84 ± 8.80 kg/árbol. El resultado de la regresión multivariada indicó que el modelo polinomial de segundo orden presentó la mejor bondad de ajuste. El Po de los árboles fue de 73.4 % ± 7.92 %, el área de copa fue de 49.3 m2/árbol, el Asa fue de 36.2 m2/árbol, el NPa fue de 83 árboles. Conclusiones: La producción de vainas frescas/árbol en el S. spectabilis presenta un potencial en la disponibilidad de alimento para los rumiantes o la producción de semillas. El potencial de producción de vainas en u arreglos silvopastoriles podría ser de 2.72 t/ha, y 1.64 t/ha de vainas secas, esto muestra la importancia del árbol de producción de vainas y la contribución nutricional para los ecosistemas secos.
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- 2021
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28. Complete chloroplast genome of
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Zhaowan, Shi, Guozheng, Shi, Kunkun, Zhao, and Bing, Sun
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Senna spectabilis ,phylogenetic analysis ,ornamental tree ,chloroplast genome ,Mitogenome Announcement ,Research Article - Abstract
Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby is a popular ornamental tree as well as a traditional medical plant in Cameroon. In this study, we sequenced and annotated the complete chloroplast genome of S. spectabilis and reconstructed the phylogenetic relationship of the tribe Cassieae. The length of the chloroplast genome was determined to be 162,754 bp, containing a pair of inverted repeats of 25,413 bp which separated by a small single-copy (SSC) region of 20,161 bp and a large single-copy (LSC) region of 91,767 bp. The cp genome encodes 128 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The percentage of total GC content of this genome was 35.7%. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that S. spectabilis with the sampled Senna species formed a well-supported monophyletic clade.
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- 2021
29. Chemical composition, in vitro cytotoxic and anticholinesterase activities of flower extracts of Senna spectabilis var. excelsa and Senna macranthera
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Anderson F. de Sousa, Maria Gleiziane Araújo Franca, Fátima de Cássia Evangelista de Oliveira, Maria Teresa Salles Trevisan, Maria Goretti de Vasconcelos Silva, Daniele Rodrigues de Lima, Cláudia Pessoa, Cristiane Félix de Paiva, Alberto José Cavalheiro, Federal University of Ceará, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
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Antioxidant ,ABTS ,antioxidant ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,DPPH ,Senna ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Senna macranthera ,Organic Chemistry ,Plant Science ,acetylcholinesterase ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Rutin ,chemistry ,Senna spectabilis ,medicine ,cytotoxicity ,Quercetin - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T10:51:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 In this study, we investigated the phenolic and antioxidant content, cytotoxic, and anticholinesterase activities of flower extracts of Senna spectabilis var. excelsa and Senna macranthera. The antioxidant activities performed by the DPPH and ABTS methods showed that the extracts possess good antioxidant activity, with emphasis on the S. macranthera extract, which obtained results very similar to the rutin pattern. In the evaluation of the cytotoxic activity, the species S. spectabilis var. excelsa presented expressive cytotoxicity against the cellular lines PC3 and HL60 with IC50 values 21.08 and 31.37 μg mL−1, respectively. The results of anticholinesterase activity showed that both the plants induced enzyme inhibition, reaching 14 mm of inhibition in the case of S. spectabilis var. excelsa. The good results obtained in this work may be related to the presence of compounds such as apigenin-7-apioglucoside, quercetin 3,4'-diglucoside, cassine and spectaline identified in the extracts in our previous work. Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry/Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical-Chemistry Federal University of Ceará Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Federal University of Ceará Chemistry Institute São Paulo State University - UNESP Chemistry Institute São Paulo State University - UNESP
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- 2021
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30. Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Phomopsis sp., an Endophytic Fungus from Senna spectabilis.
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Chapla, Vanessa Mara, Zeraik, Maria Luiza, Ximenes, Valdecir F., Zanardi, Lisinéia Maria, Lopes, Márcia N., Cavalheiro, Alberto José, Silva, Dulce Helena S., Young, Maria Cláudia M., da Fonseca, Luiz Marcos, Bolzani, Vanderlan S., and Araújo, Angela Regina
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CHEMICAL synthesis , *METABOLITE analysis , *BIOMOLECULES , *CHEMICAL ecology , *BIOLOGICAL products , *ENDOPHYTIC fungi , *PHOMOPSIS diseases - Abstract
Chemical investigation of an acetonitrile fraction from the endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. led to the isolation of the new natural product 2-hydroxy-alternariol (7) together with the known compounds cytochalasins J (1) and H (2), 5′-epialtenuene (3) and the mycotoxins alternariol monomethyl ether (AME, 4), alternariol (AOH, 5) and cytosporone C (6). The structure of the new compound was elucidated by using 1-D and 2-D NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and high resolution mass spectrometry. The cytochalasins J (1) and H (2) and AOH (5) exhibited potent inhibition of the total ROS (reactive oxygen species) produced by stimulated human neutrophils and acted as potent potential anti-inflammatory agents. Moreover, cytochalasin H (2) demonstrated antifungal and acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) inhibition in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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31. Leishmanicidal activity of the crude extract, fractions and major piperidine alkaloids from the flowers of Senna spectabilis.
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de Albuquerque Melo, Gabriela Muniz, Silva, Marcela Campelo Rodrigues, Guimarães, Thaís Pereira, Pinheiro, Kátia Mantovani, da Matta, Carolina Barbosa Brito, de Queiroz, Aline Cavalcanti, Pivatto, Marcos, da Silva Bolzani, Vanderlan, Alexandre-Moreira, Magna Suzana, and Viegas, Claudio
- Abstract
Senna spectabilis (sin. Cassia excelsa, C. spectabilis) is an endemic tree of South America and Africa, very common in Brazil, where it is known as “canafistula-de-besouro” and “cassia-do-nordeste”. In folk medicine, this plant is indicated for the treatment of constipation, insomnia, anxiety, epilepsy, malaria, dysentery and headache. Phytopharmacological studies have also confirmed anticonvulsive, sedative, anti-malarial, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of many parts of S. spectabilis. In this communication, we present a comparative study of the leishmanicidal activity of the crude ethanolic extract, its fractions and also the two major alkaloidal metabolites (−)-cassine/(−)-spectaline, trying to establish a relationship between the presence of piperidine alkaloidal constituents and leishmanicidal activity. The growth inhibitory effect of promastigote forms of Leishmania major was determined for the crude extract, fractions of the flowers of S. spectabilis and a mixture of (−)-cassine/(−)-spectaline in comparison to pentamidine used as standard drug. The cytotoxic effects were assessed on macrophage strain J774 by lactate dehydrogenase assay. Fractions dichloromethane (FL-DCM) and n-butanol (FL-Bu) and a mixture of (−)-cassine/(−)-spectaline (∼7:3) exhibited significant activity against the parasite Leishmania major (IC
50 values of 0.6±0.1μg/ml, 1.6±0.9μg/ml and 24.9±1.4μg/ml, respectively), without toxic effects on murine macrophages. Due to the promising results elicited, further studies in vivo need to be performed to confirm the therapeutic potential of Senna spectabilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2014
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32. Leishmanicidal Activity of a Quinone Methide Triterpenoid from the roots of Senna spectabilis var. excelsa (Fabaceae)
- Author
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J.A. Monjane, D. Capusiri, A. Giménez, and O. Sterner
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Leishmanicidal activity ,Senna spectabilis ,Quinone methide triterpenoids ,Fabaceae - Abstract
From an extract of the roots of Senna spectabilis var. excelsa (Fabaceae), eight known metabolites including the quinone methide triterpenoid 17-(methoxycarbonyl)-28-nor-isoiguesterin (1) and friedelin (2), a putative biosynthetic precursor of this class of metabolites, were isolated by applying several chromatographic methods. The structures of the isolated metabolites were established by High Resolution NMR and MS analysis, and confirmed by comparison of their experimental spectroscopic and physical data with those previously reported in the literature. The 2D structure and relative configuration of metabolite 1 were initially determined via analysis of NOESY experiment and confirmed by quantum mechanics-based 13C NMR chemical shift calculations. Metabolite 1 showed a potent leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania amazonensis and L. brazilensis, with the IC50 values 9.6 and 6.3 μM, respectively, comparable with the positive control miltefosine (IC50 values 12.5 and 12.0 μM, respectively), a currently used agent for leishmaniosis treatment. The first example of the occurrence of a quinone methide triterpenoid in species belonging to the Fabaceae family and the first leishmanicidal activity of metabolite 1 are reported in this paper.
- Published
- 2020
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33. Chemical study of fungi from Senna spectabilis'rhizosphere using OSMAC approach and state of the art analytical tools for annotating and characterizing metabolites
- Author
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Vieira, Natália Carolina, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Castro-Gamboa, Ian [UNESP]
- Subjects
GNPS ,Produtos naturais ,UNIFI ,OSMAC ,Rizosfera ,RMN ,Mass Spectrometry ,NMR ,Purpureocillium lilacinum ,Senna spectabilis ,Espectrometria de massas ,Rhizosphere ,Natural Products ,Fusarium solani - Abstract
Submitted by NATÁLIA CAROLINA VIEIRA null (vieira_naty@hotmail.com) on 2020-06-24T20:01:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Natalia Vieira.pdf: 11134334 bytes, checksum: 13dc9b40b97c051409ccd8df2482cb9f (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Carolina Gonçalves Bet null (abet@iq.unesp.br) on 2020-06-26T18:03:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_nc_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1515215 bytes, checksum: 9e075a592987c14fafb9e46db167e06b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-26T18:03:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_nc_dr_araiq_par.pdf: 1515215 bytes, checksum: 9e075a592987c14fafb9e46db167e06b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-05-29 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A utilização de produtos naturais pela humanidade, como agentes terapêuticos, é descrita desde primórdios da antiguidade e representam um importante aliado no tratamento de doenças. Com isso a busca por novas ferramentas analíticas mais robustas, com abordagem metabolômica se faz necessária, de forma a otimizar e acelerar a busca por novas moléculas e substâncias com atividade biológica promissora. Nesse contexto, esse trabalho tem como alvo de estudo, os fungos Fusarium solani e Purpureocillium lilacinum isolados da rizosfera de Senna spectabilis. Essas espécies de microrganismos apresentam muitos estudos químicos relatados na literatura, o que influenciou o interesse em realizar os estudos de OSMAC (One Strain Many Compounds). Para, assim, verificar a variação metabólica que acontece com esses fungos em diferentes tipos de cultivo (variando meio de cultura e agitação) incluindo o co-cultivo. Para os extratos obtidos também foram realizados os ensaios biológicos citotóxico e antibacteriano. Foram utilizadas ferramentas analíticas do estado da arte como GC-MS (Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas) e LC-MS (Cromatografia Líquida acoplada a Espectrometria de Massas) fazendo uso das ferramentas de bioinformática Molecular Networking (ou Rede Molecular) com a plataforma GNPS (Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking) e o UNIFI (Sistema de informação científica – Waters Corporation). A espectrometria de massas (MS) foi uma grande aliada que ajudou a demonstrar a variação do perfil de metabólitos desses microrganismos em diferentes cultivos, no qual foi possível anotar 101 metabólitos nos diferentes extratos avaliados. As substâncias presentes nos extratos que não puderam ser anotadas, foram purificadas levando à caracterização 5 substâncias inéditas, sendo elas γ-pironas, α-pironas e um dipeptídeo. Uma das substâncias isoladas, 6-(11-(hidroxmietil)-9-metiloct-7-en-7-il)-2-metóxi-4H-piran-4-ona, foi evidenciada nos extratos de co-cultivo e de F. solani. Essa substância apresentou maior concentração nos extratos de co-cultivo de acordo com os resultados de quantificação, mostrando um outro tipo de evidência da OSMAC, que aumenta a produção de substâncias ao variar o tipo de cultivo. Portanto, a utilização de abordagens metabolômicas conseguiu guiar o estudo para caracterização de metabólitos inéditos, mostrando uma alternativa para abordagens reducionistas. The use of natural products by mankind, as therapeutic agents, has been described since ancient times and represents an important ally in the treatment of diseases. Thus, the search for new more robust analytical tools, with a metabolomic approach is necessary, in order to optimize and accelerate the search for new molecules and substances with promising biological activity. In this context, this study is aimed at studying Fusarium solani and Purpureocillium lilacinum fungi isolated from the rhizosphere of Senna spectabilis. These species of microorganisms have many chemical studies reported in the literature, which influenced the interest in carrying out the studies of OSMAC (One Strain Many Compounds). Thus, to verify the metabolic variation that happens with these fungi in different types of cultivation (varying culture medium and agitation) including co-culture. For the extracts obtained, cytotoxic and antibacterial biological tests were also performed. State-of-the-art analytical tools such as GCMS (Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry) and LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry) were used alongside the bioinformatics tools Molecular Networking with the platform GNPS (Global Natural Product Social Molecular Networking) and UNIFI (Scientific Information System - Waters Corporation). Mass spectrometry (MS) was a great ally that helped to demonstrate the variation of the metabolites profile of these microorganisms in different cultures, in which it was possible to note 101 metabolites in the different extracts evaluated. The substances present in the extracts that could not be annotated, were purified, leading to the characterization of 5 new substances, namely γpyrones, α-pyrones and a dipeptide. One of the isolated substances, 6-(11-(hydroxymethyl)-9- methyloct-7-en-7-yl)-2-methoxy-4H-pyran-4-one, was evidenced in the co-culture and F. solani extracts. This substance showed a higher concentration in co-culture extracts according to the quantification results, showing another type of evidence from OSMAC, which increases the production of substances by varying the type of cultivation. Therefore, the use of metabolomic approaches managed to guide the study to characterize unpublished metabolites, showing an alternative to reductionist approaches. 001
- Published
- 2020
34. DO OPEN-POLLINATED MAIZE VARIETIES PERFORM BETTER THAN HYBRIDS IN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS?
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Tesfaye Shiferaw Sida, Frédéric Baudron, Ken E. Giller, Alain Ndoli, J. van Heerwaarden, and Antonius G. T. Schut
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0106 biological sciences ,Biomass (ecology) ,Grevillea robusta ,biology ,Agroforestry ,Acacia ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,PE&RC ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Open pollination ,Crop ,Plant Production Systems ,Plantaardige Productiesystemen ,Senna spectabilis ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Life Science ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Monoculture ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Hybrid - Abstract
SUMMARYA large body of evidence demonstrates the agronomic superiority of maize hybrids over open-pollinated varieties (OPVs) in intensive monoculture. However, comparisons of the performance of hybrids and OPVs in agroforestry systems are scarce. In this study, the performance of four maize hybrids and four OPVs is compared in sole crop and under mature trees. Experiments were conducted on-farm during four seasons in Bugesera, Rwanda and two seasons in Meki, Ethiopia. Two tree species were selected in Bugesera (Grevillea robusta and Senna spectabilis) and one in Meki (Acacia tortilis), and three farms were selected for each tree species, each including two plots with almost identical trees in their centre and two plots without tree. In Bugusera, grain yield was higher for hybrids (2 Mg ha−1) than for OPVs (1.5 Mg ha−1), and the presence of trees reduced the harvest index more in OPVs than in hybrids. In this region, the estimated reduction in grain yield due to the presence of trees was 0.9 and 1.1 Mg ha−1 in hybrids and OPVs, respectively, while estimated reduction in biomass was 1.5 and 1.7 Mg ha−1, respectively. In Meki, the grain yield of OPVs (2.08 Mg ha−1) and hybrids (2.04 Mg ha−1) did not differ and the presence of trees reduced their grain yields in the same manner. Our results showed that hybrids yielded more than OPVs under G. robusta and S. spectabilis in Bugesera but performed equally well under A. tortilis in Meki. We conclude that agroforestry farmers could benefit from growing hybrids in the equatorial savannahs of Rwanda, but that the choice between hybrid and OPV in equatorial savannahs of Ethiopia can simply be based on other factors such as seed costs and availability.
- Published
- 2018
35. Tree Species Preferred for Wood Fuel in Brick Making in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania
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Kija Steven Magembe and Fortunatus B. S. Makonda
- Subjects
Participatory rural appraisal ,Geography ,biology ,Agroforestry ,Deforestation ,Senna spectabilis ,Afforestation ,Reforestation ,Senna siamea ,biology.organism_classification ,Energy source ,Pithecellobium dulce - Abstract
This study aimed at identifying the tree species commonly used in brick making in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania and proposing means for generation of modified energy sources that would cover the full value of forest resource production and consumption. The research approach was two-folds using; Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and quantitative measurements. Results revealed that almost all brick makers in the area used fuelwood as the major energy sources. Nine (9) tree species were used in brick making, namely; Mkarati (Burkea africana), Mlama (Combretum molle), Mbiriti (Senna siamea), Muarobaini (Azadirachta indica) and Mwembe (Mangifera indica). Others were Mkaratusi (Eucalyptus spp), Mchongoma (Pithecellobium dulce) Mjohoro (Senna spectabilis) and Mkrisimasi (Delonix regia). Of these, Mkarati, Mwembe, Mlama and Mbiriti were mostly preferred, though other species were also used insignificantly. Increasing scarcity of some of other tree species meant that deforestation from the nearby forests was a common problem. To reduce deforestation in the area, use of alternative energy sources in brick making such as rice husks and bagasse are recommended. Other recommendations are the establishment of woodlots, practicing agro-forestry systems and intensive afforestation and reforestation programmes for more sustainable fuelwood use.
- Published
- 2018
36. Central Nervous System Effects of Iso-6-spectaline Isolated from Senna Spectabilis var. Excelsa (Schrad) in Mice.
- Author
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Silva, F. O., Silva, M. G. V., Cerqueira, G. S., Sabino, E. B., Almeida, A. A. C., Costa, J. P., and Freitas, R. M.
- Subjects
- *
ANTICONVULSANTS , *SENNA alexandrina , *PICROTOXIN , *LABORATORY mice , *FLUMAZENIL , *BENZODIAZEPINES - Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) depressant and anticonvulsant activities of iso-6-spectaline (SPEC) were investigated in animal models. The SPEC from Senna spectabilis var. excelsa (Schrad) (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ kg) injected by oral route (p.o.) in mice caused a significant decrease in the motor activity up to 30 days after the administration and in the dose of 1.0 mg/kg significantly reduced the remaining time on the Rota-rod apparatus. Additionally, SPEC (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, p.o.) was also capable of promoting increase of latency for development of convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole. This SPEC was also capable of promoting an increase of latency for development of convulsions induced by picrotoxin at highest dose. In the same way, the anticonvulsant effect of SPEC was affected by pretreatment with flumazenil, a selective antagonist of the benzodiazepine site of the GABAA receptor. These results suggest possible CNS depressant and anticonvulsant activities in mice that needs further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
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37. Evaluation of central nervous system effects of iso-6-cassine isolated from Senna spectabilis var. excelsa (Schrad) in mice
- Author
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Silva, Fábio de Oliveira, Silva, Maria Goretti de Vasconcelos, Feng, Dejiang, and de Freitas, Rivelilson Mendes
- Subjects
- *
ALTERNATIVE medicine , *ANALYSIS of variance , *ANIMAL experimentation , *ANTICONVULSANTS , *BEHAVIOR , *BIOPHYSICS , *CENTRAL nervous system , *DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology , *FISHER exact test , *RESEARCH methodology , *MEDICINAL plants , *MICE , *MOTOR ability , *NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy , *RESEARCH funding , *STATISTICS , *T-test (Statistics) , *PLANT extracts , *DATA analysis , *PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Abstract: The depressant and anticonvulsant activities of iso-6-cassine (ISO) from Senna spectabilis (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mg/kg) injected by oral route in mice caused a significant decrease in the motor activity of animals when compared with the control group, up to 30days after the administration and at dose of 1.5mg/kg, it reduced the remaining time of animals on Rota-rod apparatus. Additionally, ISO at doses tested was also capable to promote an increase of latency for development of convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole and picrotoxin. These results suggest possible depressant and anticonvulsant activities in mice that need further investigation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
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38. Lactone Derivatives Produced by a Phaeoacremonium sp., an Endophytic Fungus from Senna spectabilis
- Author
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Yvonne Primerano Mascarenhas, Amanda Correia Saraiva, Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani, Lucas M. Abreu, Geraldo H. Silva, Henrique C. Trevisan, Helder Lopes Teles, Maria Luiza Zeraik, Ludwig H. Pfenning, Angela Regina Araújo, Camila M. de Oliveira, Alexandra Ivo de Medeiros, Camila P. Nicolli, and Maria C. M. Young
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Senna Plant ,Antifungal Agents ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Cladosporium cladosporioides ,01 natural sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Lactones ,03 medical and health sciences ,Acetals ,Ascomycota ,Drug Discovery ,Senna spectabilis ,Botany ,Phaeoacremonium ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Molecular Structure ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Ketones ,Endophytic fungus ,biology.organism_classification ,RESISTÊNCIA MICROBIANA ÀS DROGAS ,0104 chemical sciences ,Plant Leaves ,030104 developmental biology ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,chemistry ,Phaeoacremonium sp ,Molecular Medicine ,Cladosporium ,Lactone - Abstract
Three new isoaigialones, A, B, and C (1–3), along with aigialone (4), were isolated from the crude EtOAc extract of a Phaeoacremonium sp., an endophytic fungus obtained from the leaves of Senna spectabilis. The structures of these compounds were elucidated based on the analysis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 2 and 4 were active against the phytopathogenic fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum. This is the first report of metabolites produced by an Phaeoacremonium sp., associated with S. spectabilis.
- Published
- 2017
39. Decomposition of plant material as an indicator of ecosystem disturbance in tropical land use systems
- Author
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Hauser, S., Gang, E., Norgrove, L., and a Birang, M.
- Subjects
- *
FALLOWING , *SOIL fertility , *CROPPING systems , *LAND economics - Abstract
Abstract: We report on an attempt to distinguish cropped from fallowed land and young from old fallow by the rate of decomposition of a standard material, to contribute towards the development of simple, yet reliable indicators of soil quality and agricultural sustainability on tropical soils. In three southern Cameroonian villages, Senna spectabilis leaves and wood were incubated in undisturbed bush fallow of about 4 years, young secondary regrowth of about 12 years and secondary forest of at least 25 years and in the same fallow age class after clearing and cropping. The decomposition of S. spectabilis leaves distinguished fallowed from cropped land throughout a period of 14 to 280 days after incubation, independent of the fallow type that was cleared and the location. Fallow types were distinguished over the same period, with higher leaf mass loss in secondary forest systems than young regrowth and bush fallow. In all cases mass loss followed significant logarithmic functions. Soil chemical properties were not correlated to leaf mass loss. Mass loss from S. spectabilis wood was not suitable to distinguish either undisturbed from cropped or one fallow age class from another. Significant differences between land uses occurred only at the end of the incubation period. Fallow types could not be distinguished from each other. S. spectabilis leaf decomposition may be developed into one component of a soil quality or soil function indicator if decomposition can be linked to crop yields in cleared sites and biomass accumulation in undisturbed sites and other soil properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
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40. New selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors designed from natural piperidine alkaloids
- Author
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Viegas, Cláudio, Bolzani, Vanderlan S., Pimentel, Luísa S.B., Castro, Newton G., Cabral, Rafael F., Costa, Rodrigo S., Floyd, Corinne, Rocha, Mônica S., Young, Maria C.M., Barreiro, Eliezer J., and Fraga, Carlos A.M.
- Subjects
- *
ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE , *RODENTS , *CHOLINESTERASES , *PIPERIDINE - Abstract
Abstract: Five new piperidine alkaloids were designed from natural (−)-3-O-acetyl-spectaline and (−)-spectaline that were obtained from the flowers of Senna spectabilis (sin. Cassia spectabilis, Leguminosae). Two semi-synthetic analogues (7 and 9) inhibited rat brain acetylcholinesterase, showing IC50 of 7.32 and 15.1μM, and were 21 and 9.5 times less potent against rat brain butyrylcholinesterase, respectively. Compound 9 (1mg/kg, ip) was fully efficacious in reverting scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. The two active compounds (7 and 9) did not show overt toxic effects at the doses tested in vivo. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2005
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41. Competition in tree row agroforestry systems. 2. Distribution, dynamics and uptake of soil inorganic N.
- Author
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Livesley, S. J., Gregory, P. J., Buresh, R. J., and Hüttl, R. F.
- Subjects
GREVILLEA robusta ,AGROFORESTRY systems ,INTEGRATED agricultural systems ,AGROFORESTRY ,AGRICULTURE ,BOTANY ,SOIL science - Abstract
The effect of tree row species on the distribution of soil inorganic N and the biomass growth and N uptake of trees and crops was investigated beneath a Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. (grevillea) tree row and Senna spectabilis DC. (senna) hedgerow grown with Zea mays L. (maize) and a sole maize crop, during one cropping season. The hypothesis was that a tree with a large nutrient uptake would have a greater competitive effect upon coexisting plants than a tree that takes up less and internally cycles nutrients. The field study was conducted on a kaolinitic Oxisol in the sub-humid highlands of western Kenya. Soil nitrate and ammonium were measured to 300 cm depth and 525 cm distance from the tree rows, before and after maize cropping. Ammonium concentrations were small and did not change significantly during the cropping season. There was > 8 mg nitrate kg
-1 in the upper 60 cm and at 90–180 cm depth at the start of the season, except within 300 cm of the senna hedgerow where concentrations were smaller. During the season, nitrate in the grevillea-maize system only decreased in the upper 60 cm, whereas nitrate decreased at almost every depth and distance from the senna hedgerow. Inorganic N (nitrate plus ammonium) decreased by 94 kg ha-1 in the senna-maize system and 33 kg ha-1 in the grevillea-maize system. The aboveground N content of the trees increased by 23 kg ha-1 for grevillea and 39 kg ha-1 for senna. Nitrogen uptake by maize was 85 kg ha-1 when grown with grevillea and 65 kg ha-1 with senna. Assuming a mineralisation input of 50 kg N ha-1 season-1 , the decrease in inorganic soil N approximately equalled plant N uptake in the grevillea-maize system, but exceeded that in the senna-maize system. Pruning and litter fall removed about 14 kg N ha-1 a-1 from grevillea, and > 75 kg N ha-1 a-1 from senna. The removal of pruned material from an agroforestry system may lead to nutrient mining and a decline in productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Isolation, leishmanicidal evaluation and molecular docking simulations of piperidine alkaloids from Senna spectabilis
- Author
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Amanda Danuello, Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani, Rosimeire Borges Moreira Lacerda, Claudio Vieira da Silva, Marcos Pivatto, Mário Machado Martins, Pamela Aparecida Candido, Thaise Lara Teixeira, Ronaldo Junio de Oliveira, Cláudio Viegas Junior, Thamires Rodrigues Freitas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Univ Fed Triangulo Mineiro, Univ Fed Alfenas, and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Senna Plant ,Leishmanicidal activity ,Stereochemistry ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Antiprotozoal Agents ,Pharmaceutical Science ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Alkaloids ,Parasitic Sensitivity Tests ,Piperidines ,Piperidine alkaloids ,Drug Discovery ,Senna spectabilis ,Leishmaniasis ,Molecular Biology ,Leishmania ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Molecular Structure ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,Alkaloid ,Organic Chemistry ,(-)-Cassine ,Active site ,Fabaceae ,(-)-Spectaline ,biology.organism_classification ,0104 chemical sciences ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,Arginase ,Enzyme binding ,030104 developmental biology ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Molecular Medicine ,Piperidine - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Leishmaniasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that are especially common among low-income populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. Many natural products, particularly alkaloids, have been reported to have inhibitory activity against arginase, the key enzyme in the pathology caused by Leishmania sp. In this way, piperidine alkaloids (-)-cassine (1), (-)-spectaline (2), (-)-3-O-acetylcassine (3), and (-)-3-O-acetylspectaline (4) were isolated from Senna spectabilis flowers. These compounds (1/2 and 3/4) initially present as homologous mixtures were separated by high performance liquid chromatography and evaluated against the promastigote phase of Leishmania amazonensis. In addition, molecular docking simulations were implemented in order to probe the binding modes of the ligands 1-4 to the amino acids in the active site of L. amazonensis arginase. Alkaloid 2 (IC50 15.81 mu g mL(-1)) was the most effective against L. amazonensis. Compounds 2 and 4, with larger side chain, were more effective against the parasite than compounds 1 and 3. The cell viability test on Vero cells revealed that compound 2 (CC50 66.67 mu g mL-1) was the most toxic. The acetyl group in the 3-O position of the parent structures reduced the leishmanicidal activity and the toxicity of the alkaloids. Further, molecular docking suggested that Asn143 is essential for arginase to interact with (-)-spectaline-derived compounds, which agreed with the IC50 measurements. Our findings revealed that S. spectabilis is an important source of piperidine alkaloids with leishmanicidal activity. Moreover, the natural compound 3 has been isolated for the first time. Experimental investigation combined with theoretical study advances knowledge about the enzyme binding site mode of interaction and contributes to the design of new bioactive drugs against Leishmania infection. Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Quim, Nucleo Pesquisa Prod Nat NuPPeN, BR-38400902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Ciencias Biomed, BR-38400902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Triangulo Mineiro, Inst Ciencias Exatas Nat & Educ, Dept Fis, Lab Biofis Teor, BR-38064200 Uberaba, MG, Brazil Univ Fed Alfenas, Inst Quim, Lab Pesquisa Quim Med PeQuiM, BR-37133840 Alfenas, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Quim, Dept Quim Organ, Nucleo Bioensaios Biossintese & Ecofisiol Prod Na, POB 355, BR-14801970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Triangulo Mineiro, Inst Ciencias Exatas Nat & Educ, Dept Quim, Nucleo Desenvolvimento Compostos Bioativos NDCBio, BR-38064200 Uberaba, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Quim, Dept Quim Organ, Nucleo Bioensaios Biossintese & Ecofisiol Prod Na, POB 355, BR-14801970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil FAPEMIG: APQ-02481-14 CNPq: 449846/2014-8 FAPEMIG: REDE-113/10 FAPEMIG: CEX-RED-00010-14
- Published
- 2018
43. Hydropriming para a promoção da emergência e do vigor em sementes provenientes de populações do bioma Caatinga
- Author
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Aldrin Martin Perez-Marin, Thiago Costa Ferreira, and Manoel Rivelino Gomes de Oliveira
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Mimosa tenuiflora ,biology ,Sesbania virgata ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Horticulture ,Enterolobium contortisiliquum ,Senna spectabilis ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Piptadenia ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Retusa ,Luetzelburgia auriculata ,Anadenanthera colubrina ,010606 plant biology & botany ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi testar o efeito do Hydropriming para a promoção da emergência e do vigor em sementes provenientes de populações do bioma Caatinga. Assim sendo, foram testadas as espécies: Sesbania virgata, Anadenanthera colubrina, Luetzelburgia auriculata, Cenostigma pyramidale, Vachelia farnesiana, Piptadenia retusa, Senna spectabilis, Mimosa tenuiflora, Sarcomphalus joazeiro e Enterolobium contortisiliquum. Houveram dois tratamentos: 1) imersão em água (Hydropriming) por 24h a 25°C e 2) incubação por 24h a 25°C sem imersão. Foram avaliadas variáveis de emergência e vigor. Os resultados obtidos foram testados por Qui-quadrado e testes Não-paramétricos. A tecnologia de Hydropiming não foi vantajosa para espécies estudadas nesta pesquisa, exceto para Anadenanthera colubrina e Luetzelburgia auriculata. Sendo, portanto, a imersão por 24h a 25°C potencial para promoção da emergência e vigor de A. colubrina e L. auriculata, outras pesquisas podem ser realizadas para melhorar a utilização desta metodologia em virtude de um melhor manejo destas espécies.
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- 2021
44. (+)-Spectaline, a Piperidine Alkaloid from Senna spectabilis DC. Effective in Reducing the In Vitro Infection of Leishmania major
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Roshan Jahn Mohd Salim, Azimah Amanah, Mohd Ilham Adenan, Amyra Amat Sain, Zuriati Zahari, and Sharif Mahsufi Mansor
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0301 basic medicine ,Spectaline ,Bioassay guided fractionation ,Alkaloid ,030231 tropical medicine ,Leishmaniasis ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,In vitro ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,chemistry ,Senna spectabilis ,medicine ,Leishmania major ,Piperidine - Abstract
Senna spectabilisis known to have antimicrobial, laxative, antiulcerogenic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties in folk medicine. Piperidine alkaloids extracted from various parts of this plant have been shown to have anticonvulsant (iso-6-spectaline), antinociceptive [(-)-spectaline] and lipid peroxidation [(+)-3-O-feruloylcassine, (-)-spectaline and (-)-3-O-acetylspectaline] activities. In our study, the ethyl acetate extract fromS. spectabilisexhibited antileishmanial activity via intracellular promastigote assay or leishmanicidal assay and was further fractionated by using bioassay-guided isolation approach. The antiprotozoal principle was isolated from the ethyl acetate portion through solvent fractionation and a few series of chromatographic processes. The isolated active compound 1 was identified as (+)-spectaline on the basis of its spectral analysis (MS, 1D & 2D NMR) with EC50value of 0.063 ± 0.005 µM for antileishmanial activity and selectivity index of 3.76.
- Published
- 2016
45. Field measurements of nitrogen fixation in leguminous trees used in agroforestry systems: Influence of N-labeling approaches and reference trees.
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Sanginga, N., Danso, S., and Zapata, F.
- Abstract
Appropriate N-labeling methods are crucial for estimating N-fixation in trees used in agroforestry systems. A 4-year field experiment was conducted on an Alfisol in Southwestern Nigeria to compare the estimates of N fixed in Leucaena leucocephala, using two non-N-fixing leguminous trees, Senna siamea and S. spectabilis, as reference plants and three different methods of introducing N into soil. The atom % N uptake pattern (as reflected in the leaves) was identical in both N- and non-N-fixing tree species irrespective of the N-application method. There was a significant decline in atom % N excess in the leaves of L. leucocephala (from 0.266 to 0.039), S. siamea (0.625 to 0.121), and S. spectabilis (from 0.683 to 0.118) from the first sampling 12 months after planting and the second sampling 18 months after sampling. From the second harvest in 1991 until the end of the experiment (fifth) harvest in 1993, however, the atom N % excess decline in leaves of the three species was less pronounced and depended on the method of N application. In those plants to which the tracer was applied once at planting, the N decline was steady between the second and the last prunings. In the split-application treatment, the atom N % excess increased slightly at the third pruning and decreased during the subsequent two prunings. The reference tree and the method of N application influenced the estimated proportion of N derived from atmospheric N by L. leucocephala, calculated as 73 and 64%, corresponding to 119 and 98 kg N ha of N fixed per 6 months, when S. spectabilis and S. siamea were used as reference trees, respectively. The approach by which N-labeled fertilizer was applied to the soil in three splits gave slightly higher estimates of N derived from the atmosphere but this was of little agronomic significance because total N fixed was similar for all methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1996
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46. Phosphorus requirements and nitrogen accumulation by N-fixing and non-N-fixing leguminous trees growing in low P soils.
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Sanginga, N., Danso, S., Zapata, F., and Bowen, G.
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The variation in P uptake and use efficiency and N accumulation by Gliricidia sepium (N-fixing tree), Senna siamea and S. spectabilis (leguminous non-N-fixing trees) were examined in the field at Fashola (savanna zone), southwestern Nigeria, using four P rates, 0, 20, 40 and 80 kg P ha. Growth of G. sepium and S. spectabilis responded to P application at 24 weeks after planting (WAP) and average yield increases of 58% and 145% were observed by the application of 40 kg P ha for the two species, respectively. Such a P response was not found in S. siamea at 24 WAP and for any of the species at 48 WAP. G. sepium accumulated more P (on average 162%) than S. siamea and S. spectabilis at 24 WAP and had greater root length and a higher percentage of mycorrhizal infection. However, at 48 WAP S. siamea had 2.5 times more P than G. sepium. Differences in the physiological P use efficiency (PPUE) between G. sepium and the non-N-fixing trees were significant at the 0 P level, being higher for S. siamea (average, 0.61 g shoot mg P) than for G. sepium (0.27 g shoot mg P). G. sepium had a consistently lower atom % N than S. spectabilis, while that of S. siamea for most of the time did not differ from that of G. sepium. The reference plant affected N fixation extimates, with negative values and a higher variability (CV 60%) associated with S. siamea than with S. spectabilis (CV<20%). Consequently, S. spectabilis was selected as a better reference plant for measuring N fixation in G. sepium. G. sepium fixed on average 35% and 54% of its N at 24 and 48 WAP, respectively. Except at the lowest P rate, percentage and amount of N fixed were not generally enhanced by P application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 1995
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47. Prospecção Fitoquímica e Análise da Atividade Antimicrobiana e Moduladora in Vitro do Extrato Hidroalcoólico das Folhas de Senna spectabilis
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Dárcio Luiz de Sousa Júnior, Jessyka Alencar Ferreira, Ana Emília Formiga Marques, and Rafael de Carvalho Mendes
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Minimum inhibitory concentration ,biology ,Traditional medicine ,Broth microdilution ,Senna spectabilis ,Antimicrobial action ,Visual observation ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial - Abstract
O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a composição química da Senna spectabilis, averiguar o potencial antimicrobiano in vitro e analisar seu efeito modulador da atividade antibiótica. Os ensaios fitoquímicos foram realizados seguindo o método proposto por Matos (1997), baseando-se na observação visual de alteração de cor ou formação de precipitado após a adição dos reagentes específicos. Os testes de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e modulação foram determinados pelo ensaio de microdiluição em caldo, seguindo as recomendações do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). As cepas utilizadas foram Saphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Salmonella entérica. Após essas análises se verificou a presença significativa dos metabólitos secundários taninos condensados, alcaloides, esteroides e saponinas. Nos resultados referentes à avaliação da ação antimicrobiana do extrato de S. spectabilis contra as cepas testadas se observou que houve crescimento bacteriano em todas as concentrações aplicadas, não apresentando assim nenhuma CIM clinicamente relevante. Na modulação, o extrato em combinação com os antibióticos testados mostrou efeito sinérgico contra a maioria das bactérias testadas, potencializando o efeito dos antibióticos utilizados. Portanto, este estudo abre caminho para futuras pesquisas que auxiliem a identificar na S. spectabilis, moléculas que atuem sinergicamente a antibióticos, tornando-se uma alternativa como adjuvante de antimicrobianos e no combate a infecções bacterianas resistentes às diversas drogas. Palavras-chave: Atividade Antibacteriana. Senna spectabilis. Fitoquímica. Sinergismo. AbstractThe objective of the present study was to identify the chemical composition of Senna spectabilis, to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial potential and to analyze its modulating effect of antibiotic activity. Phytochemical assays were performed following the method proposed by Matos (1997), based on visual observation of color change or precipitate formation after the addition of specific reagents. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and modulation tests were determined by the broth microdilution assay, following the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The strains used were Saphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica. After these analyzes, it was verified the significant presence of the secondary condensed tannin metabolites, alkaloids, steroids and saponins. In the results regarding the evaluation of the antimicrobial action of S. spectabilis extract against the tested strains it was observed that there was bacterial growth in all the applied concentrations, thus presenting no clinically relevant MIC. In modulation, the extract in combination with the tested antibiotics showed synergistic effect against most of the tested bacteria, enhancing the effect of the antibiotics used. Therefore, this study paves the way for future research to help identify S. spectabilis molecules that act synergistically to antibiotics, becoming an alternative as an adjunct to antimicrobials and in the fight against bacterial infections resistant to various drugs. Keywords: Antibacterial Activity. Senna spectabilis. Phytochemistry. Synergism.
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- 2019
48. Occurrence and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in agroforestry systems of Rubavu and Bugesera Districts in Rwanda
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Vicky Ruganzu, Jean de Dieu Habiyaremye, Fergus Sinclair, Motohito Yoneda, Catherine Muthuri, John Nyaga, Athanase Mukuralinda, and Viviene Matiru
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Markhamia lutea ,Alnus acuminata ,Grevillea robusta ,biology ,Agroforestry ,fungi ,Acacia ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Eucalyptus ,Spore ,Infectious Diseases ,Agronomy ,Abundance (ecology) ,Senna spectabilis - Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) help to facilitate mobilization of nutrients from soil to plant. The study was carried out in humid Rubavu and semi-arid Bugesera districts in Rwanda. We hypothesized that the presence of tree species in farming systems enhances mycorrhizal fungal density. The occurrence and abundance of AMF in the soil around main agroforestry tree species in these regions was studied. Tree species in Rubavu included Alnus acuminata, Markhamia lutea, Grevillea robusta and Eucalyptus sp. and in Bugesera Acacia polyacantha, Senna spectabilis, Grevillea robusta and Eucalyptus sp. AMF spores were isolated from soil samples collected under and outside the trees canopies. Results show significant differences in spore density between species. The density of AMF spores was highest under A. acuminata and A. polyacantha and lowest in Eucalyptus sp. and G. robusta in Rubavu and Bugesera, respectively. Generally, the mean spore abundance (spores/g of soil) was significantly higher in Bugesera (3.1-6.6) than Rubavu (1.6-4.4). Spores abundance was also affected by distance from the tree trunk and tree size. The present work is the first attempt to study the AMF communities associated with tree species in agroforestry systems in Rwanda. We propose further studies relating mycorrhizal diversity in the agroforestry systems to performance and yields of crops. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, spore abundance, agroforestry system.
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- 2015
49. Anticonvulsant effects of Senna spectabilis on seizures induced by chemicals and maximal electroshock
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Jean Jules Fifen, Germain Sotoing Taiwe, Antoine Kavaye Kandeda, Elisabeth Ngo Bum, Lucie Ojong, G.C.N. Nkantchoua, and Jacqueline Stephanie Kameni Njapdounke
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0301 basic medicine ,Flumazenil ,Male ,Senna Plant ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Decoction ,Convulsants ,Pharmacology ,Bicuculline ,03 medical and health sciences ,Epilepsy ,Mice ,Random Allocation ,0302 clinical medicine ,Seizures ,Drug Discovery ,Senna spectabilis ,medicine ,Animals ,Plants, Medicinal ,biology ,business.industry ,Plant Extracts ,Pilocarpine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Electric Stimulation ,Plant Leaves ,030104 developmental biology ,Anticonvulsant ,Convulsant ,Pentylenetetrazole ,Anticonvulsants ,business ,Diazepam ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Senna spectabilis (Fabaceae) is one of the medicinal plants used in Cameroon by traditional healers to treat epilepsy, constipation, insomnia, anxiety. The present study aimed to investigate the anticonvulsant effects of Senna spectabilis decoction on seizures induced by maximal electroshock (MES), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), pilocarpine (PC) and its possible action mechanisms in animal models using flumazenil (FLU), methyl-s-carboline-3-carboxylate (BC) and bicuculline (BIC). Senna spectabilis decoction (106.5 and 213.0mg/kg) antagonized completely tonic-clonic hind limbs of mice induced by MES. The lowest plant dose (42.6mg/kg) provided 100% of protection against seizures induced by PTZ (70mg/kg). Administration of different doses of the plant decoction antagonized seizures induced by PC up to 75%, causing a dose dependent protection and reduced significantly the mortality rate induced by this convulsant. Both FLU and BC antagonize strongly the anticonvulsant effects of this plant and are unable to reverse totally diazepam or the plant decoction effects on inhibiting seizures. The animals did not present any sign of acute toxicity even at higher doses of the plant decoction. In conclusion, Senna spectabilis possesses an anticonvulsant activity. We showed that its decoction protects significantly mice against seizures induced by chemicals and MES, delays the onset time and reduces mortality rate in seizures-induced. It also appears that the oral administration of the decoction of S. spectabilis is more active than the intraperitoneal administration of the ethanolic extract on inhibiting seizures induced by MES and PTZ. Moreover, the plant decoction could interact with GABAA complex receptor probably on the GABA and benzodiazepines sites.
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- 2017
50. Chemical study of piperidine alkaloids present in Senna spectabilis (Fabaceae) and evaluation of leishmanicidal activity
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Rosimeire Borges Moreira Lacerda, Pivatto, Marcos, Rocha, Cláudia Quintino da., and Sousa, Raquel Maria Ferreira
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(-)-espectaline ,Alcalóides - estudos ,(-)-espectalina ,CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::QUIMICA [CNPQ] ,Plantas medicinais ,Química ,(-)-3-O- acetylcassine ,(-)-3-O ,(-)-cassine ,Moléculas - descobertas científicas ,Senna spectabilis ,(-)-cassina ,Piperidine alkaloids ,leishmanicidal activity ,Alcaloides piperidinicos ,cytotoxicity ,Acetilespectalina ,Atividade leishmanicida ,Citotoxidade ,(-)-3-O-acetilcassina ,(-)-3-O-acetylspectaline - Abstract
O Brasil é detentor de uma das maiores biodiversidades do planeta e neste sentido não podemos abdicar desta posição privilegiada para o estudo químico dos produtos naturais visando à descoberta de novas moléculas bioativas. Ao longo do território nacional são encontrados seis biomas que apresentam uma grande diversidade de plantas. Neste trabalho, Senna spectabilis (Fabaceae) foi selecionada para o estudo químico por apresentar alcaloides piperidínicos do tipo 2,6-dialquil-piperidin-3-óis, raros na natureza e com grande potencial farmacológico. O estudo foi realizado a partir do extrato etanólico das flores e os compostos isolados foram submetidos aos ensaios para avaliação da atividade leishmanicida e citotoxicidade. Inicialmente, o extrato etanólico das flores de S. spectabilis foi submetido à extração líquido-líquido com n-hexano, clorofórmio e acetato de etila. As frações foram analisadas por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD), onde foi constatado que a fração clorofórmio apresentou maior número de alcaloides com diferentes Rfs. Esta fração foi submetida a cromatografia em coluna (CC), de onde foi obtida a mistura dos homólogos (-)-cassina (1) e (-)-espectalina (6), que foram separados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) utilizando detector de light scattering. Estes compostos foram submetidos aos experimentos de ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) e espectrometria de massas de alta resolução com ionização por eletrospray (IES-EM) para determinação das suas estruturas. Ao longo do fracionamento cromatográfico foram obtidas duas misturas de compostos homólogos (61a e 61b e 62a e 62b), mais polares que os alcaloides 1 e 6. Devido a pequena quantidade de massa, estes metabólitos foram identificados por EM-IES. Também foi obtida uma fração com uma mistura de alcaloides de polaridade menor que 1 e 6, que foi submetida a CCD preparativa, de onde foi possível obter uma mistura dos alcalóides homólogos (-)-3-O- acetilcassina (13) e (-)-3-O-acetilespectalina (14) que foram separados por CLAE-light scattering. Os compostos isolados foram submetidos ao ensaio para avaliação da atividade leishmanicida utilizando cepas do parasita Leishmania amazoniensis, sendo que 6 e 13 apresentaram valores de IC50 promissores (IC50 15,81 ± 0,47 pg mL-1 e 30,25 ± 1,74 pg mL-1, respectivamente), quando comparados com o padrão positivo anfotericina B (0,29 ± 0,01 pg mL-1). A partir do ensaio de citotoxicidade, foi observado que o alcaloide 6 apresenta certa toxicidade (CC50 66,67 ± 9,68 pg mL-1), porém, a partir do cálculo do índice de seletividade (IS), foi possível constatar que os compostos avaliados apresentam atividade leishmanicida em concentrações não citotóxicas. Brazil holds one of the greatest biodiversity on the planet and in this sense we cannot give up this privileged position for the chemical study of natural products for the discovery of new bioactive molecules. Along the national territory are six biomes that present a great diversity of plants. In this work, Senna spectabilis (Fabaceae) was selected for the chemical study because it presents 2,6-dialkyl-piperidin-3-ol type piperidine alkaloids, rare in nature and with great pharmacological potential. The study was carried out from the ethanolic extract of the flowers and the isolated compounds were submitted to the tests to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity and cytotoxicity. Initially, the ethanolic extract of S. spectabilis flowers was submitted to liquid-liquid extraction with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The fractions were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC), where it was found that the chloroform fraction had a higher number of alkaloids with different Rfs. This fraction was subjected to column chromatography (CC), from which the mixture of (-)-cassine (1) and (-)- spectaline (6) homologues were obtained, which were separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using light scattering detector. These compounds were submitted to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments and high resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI-MS) to determine their structures. During the chromatographic fractionation, two mixtures of homologous compounds (61a and 61b and 62a and 62b) were obtained, more polar than alkaloids 1 and 6. Due to the small amount of mass, these metabolites were identified by ESI-MS. Furthermore, a fraction with a mixture of alkaloids less polar than 1 and 6 was also obtained, which was subjected to preparative TLC, and was possible to obtain a mixture of the homologous alkaloids (-)-3-O-acetylcassine (13) and (-)- 3-O-acetylspectaline (14) which were separated by HPLC-light scattering. The isolated compounds were tested for leishmanicidal activity using strains of the parasite Leishmania amazoniensis, with 6 and 13 showing promising IC50 values ( IC50 15.81 ± 0.47 pg mL-1 e 30.25 ± 1.74 pg mL-1, respectively), when compared to the positive control amphotericin B (0.29 ± 0.01 pg mL-1). From the cytotoxicity assay, it was observed that alkaloid 6 presents some toxicity (CC50 66.67 ± 9.68 pg mL-1), but from the calculation of the selectivity index (SI), it was possible to verify that the evaluated compounds presented leishmanicidal activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Dissertação (Mestrado)
- Published
- 2017
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