Author: "School of Archaeology [Oxford]" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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45 results on '"School of Archaeology [Oxford]"'

1. Settlement dynamics, subsistence economies and climate change during the late Holocene at Nunura Bay (Sechura Desert, Peru): A multiproxy approach

Author: Valentina Villa, Nicolas Bermeo, Antoine Zazzo, Christine Lefèvre, Philippe Béarez, Denis Correa, Elise Dufour, Aurélie Manin, Lucie Dausse, Belkys Gutiérrez, Segundo Vásquez, Aurélien Christol, Jean-Jacques Bahain, Nicolas Goepfert, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford, Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Région Île-de-France, DIM Matériaux anciens et patrimoniauxFyssen FoundationInstituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, ANR-11-LABX-0046,Dynamite,Dynamiques Territoriales et spatiales(2011), ANR-15-CE27-0002,CAMELANDES,Les sociétés préhispaniques face à leur environnement : variations spatiales et diachroniques du pastoralisme andin (100-1470 apr. J.-C.)(2015), and ANR-10-LABX-0003,BCDiv,Biological and Cultural Diversities : Origins, Evolution, Interactions, Future(2010)
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Abstract: Long considered on the margins, far from the major cultural traditions, the Sechura Desert is situated at the crossroads between the cultures of southern Ecuador and those of the northern Peruvian coast and preserves a large number of varied archaeological sites. Despite this evidence, little is known about the societies that inhabited this region during the Holocene. Exposed to natural hazards, including El Niño events, and to major climatic changes, they were able to adapt and exploit the scarce resources that this extreme environment offered them. Because of this rich history, we have been conducting archaeological research in this region since 2012 in order to clarify the dynamics of human occupation and their links with climate oscillations and environmental changes. This paper present the results of a multidisciplinary study of Huaca Grande, a mound located on Nunura Bay, 300 m from the Pacific Ocean. The nature of the human occupations at Huaca Grande was varied, and several adjustments occurred over time. The subsistence economy was based mainly on local marine resources and a continual use of terrestrial vegetal resources. However, a major change occurred in the more recent occupations, with the apparition of non-local resources (maize and cotton) indicating that Huaca Grande was connected to trade networks. The results show two main phases of occupation separated by a long abandonment (mid-5th century CE to mid-7th century CE and mid-13th century to mid-15th century CE). The occupation of the site appears to have been influenced by changes in the local climate and by extreme El Niño events. Our results highlight the great adaptability of these human groups over the span of a millennium and their capacity to react to the climatic changes and hazards that characterise this region.
Published: 2023

2. Palaeogenomic analysis of black rat (Rattus rattus) reveals multiple European introductions associated with human economic history

Author: Ben Krause-Kyora, Jørn Zeiler, Hiba Al-Jarah, Wijerathne Bohingamuwa, Becky Knight, Kinie Esser, Joan Ramon, Chris J. Conroy, Chris Hillman, Beate Böhlendorf-Arslan, Quintana Morales, Tarek Oueslati, Bouthéina Maraoui-Telmini, Jean-Denis Vigne, Nicole Boivin, Jude Perera, Silvia Radbauer, Ardern Hulme-Beaman, G. Adikari, Günther Karl Kunst, Heidi Eager, Sheila Hamilton-Dyer, Jeffrey Fleisher, Thomas Walker, Richard F. Helm, Thomas Cucchi, Terry O'Connor, Alison Crowther, Nimal Perera, Silvia Valenzuela-Lamas, Camilla Speller, Jeremy B. Searle, Arturo Morales-Muñiz, Pavel Gol'din, Anna Linderholm, Nabil Kallala, Alexandra Trinks, Zsófia E. Kovács, He Yu, Johannes Krause, Louisa Gidney, E. V. Gladilina, Wim Van Neer, David Orton, Eréndira M., Alexandra Jamieson, Edward R. Treasure, Joan Sanmartí Grego, Mariana Nabais, Greger Larson, Hanna Kivikero, Inge van der Jagt, Eve Rannamäe, Keith Dobney, Stephanie Wynne-Jones, Henriette Baron, Steven M. Goodman, Kerstin Pasda, René Kyselý, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Yu, He, Jamieson, Alexandra, Hulme-Beaman, Ardern, Conroy, Chris J., Speller, Camilla, Baron, Henriette, Crowther, Alison, Cucchi, Thomas, Fleisher, Jeffrey, Gladilina, Elena, Gol’din, Pavel, Goodman, Steven M., Kunst, Günther Karl, Linderholm, Anna, Morales-Muñiz, Arturo, Nabais, Mariana, Oueslati, Tarek, Quintana Morales, Eréndira M., Rannamäe, Eve, Sanmartí Grego, Joan, Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia, Neer, Wim Van, Vigne, Jean-Denis, Wynne-Jones, Stephanie, Dobney, Keith, Boivin, Nicole, Searle, Jeremy B., Krause-Kyora, Ben, Krause, Johannes, Larson, Greger, Orton, David, Yu, He [0000-0003-1323-4730], Jamieson, Alexandra [0000-0003-0979-5762], Hulme-Beaman, Ardern [0000-0001-8130-9648], Conroy, Chris J. [0000-0001-7198-9651], Speller, Camilla [0000-0001-7128-9903], Baron, Henriette [0000-0003-4338-3681], Crowther, Alison [0000-0002-2394-1917], Cucchi, Thomas [0000-0001-6021-5001], Fleisher, Jeffrey [0000-0002-6505-9666], Gladilina, Elena [0000-0002-5114-7526], Gol’din, Pavel [0000-0001-6118-1384], Goodman, Steven M. [0000-0001-9318-0570], Kunst, Günther Karl [0000-0002-2175-8641], Linderholm, Anna [0000-0002-1613-9926], Morales-Muñiz, Arturo [0000-0002-9933-6836], Nabais, Mariana [0000-0001-5344-237X], Oueslati, Tarek [0000-0002-2886-085X], Quintana Morales, Eréndira M. [0000-0001-5927-5058], Rannamäe, Eve [0000-0003-1186-5512], Sanmartí Grego, Joan [0000-0002-6635-9249], Valenzuela-Lamas, Silvia [0000-0001-9886-0372], Neer, Wim Van [0000-0003-1710-3623], Vigne, Jean-Denis [0000-0002-7367-7552], Wynne-Jones, Stephanie [0000-0002-3005-8647], Dobney, Keith [0000-0001-9036-4681], Boivin, Nicole [0000-0002-7783-4199], Searle, Jeremy B. [0000-0001-7710-5204], Krause-Kyora, Ben [0000-0001-9435-2872], Krause, Johannes [0000-0001-9144-3920], Larson, Greger [0000-0002-4092-0392], Orton, David [0000-0003-4069-8004], Department of Cultures, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History (MPI-SHH), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Museum of Vertebrate Zoology [Berkeley], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, 07745, Germany, School of Social Science, University of Queensland, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rent a Peasant, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], Histoire, Archéologie et Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), and Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Population genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 615 History and Archaeology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, Max planck institute, PLAGUE, DISPERSAL, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, humanities, Europe, Multidisciplinary Sciences, ALIGNMENT, Archaeology, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, language, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Christian ministry, Training program, YERSINIA-PESTIS, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, European black rats, Library science, DNA, Mitochondrial, 010603 evolutionary biology, Institutional support, SEQUENCE, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Middle East, 03 medical and health sciences, Population history, Classical archaeology, Political science, Animals, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, Plague, National history, Science & Technology, COVID-19, Excavation, General Chemistry, FRAMEWORK, language.human_language, Rats, Coronavirus, MICE, INDIAN-OCEAN, PATTERNS, Catalan
Abstract: The distribution of the black rat (Rattus rattus) has been heavily influenced by its association with humans. The dispersal history of this non-native commensal rodent across Europe, however, remains poorly understood, and different introductions may have occurred during the Roman and medieval periods. Here, in order to reconstruct the population history of European black rats, we generated a de novo genome assembly of the black rat, 67 ancient black rat mitogenomes and 36 ancient nuclear genomes from sites spanning the 1st-17th centuries CE in Europe and North Africa. Analyses of mitochondrial DNA confirm that black rats were introduced into the Mediterranean and Europe from Southwest Asia. Genomic analyses of the ancient rats reveal a population turnover in temperate Europe between the 6th and 10th centuries CE, coincident with an archaeologically attested decline in the black rat population. The near disappearance and re-emergence of black rats in Europe may have been the result of the breakdown of the Roman Empire, the First Plague Pandemic, and/or post-Roman climatic cooling., We thank the wet laboratory teams at MPI-SHH, the PalaeoBARN at the University of Oxford and the University of York. We thank David K. James and Lucia Hui of the Alameda County Vector Control Services District for procuring the rat used for the de novo genome. We are grateful to Sarah Nagel at Max Planck Institute for the Evolutionary Anthropology for the single-stranded library preparation, and Dovetail Genomics for the de novo genome assembly service. We thank Maria Spyrou for her suggestions and comments. We acknowledge Ewan Chipping and Helena England (University of York), Carl Phillips, Veronica Lindholm (Ålands Museum), Christine McDonnell and Nienke van Doorn (York Archaeological Trust), Emile Mittendorf (Gemeente Deventer), Inge Riemersma (Archaeological depot, Provincie Zuid-Holland), the Turkish Ministry of Culture & Tourism, Jan Frolík and Iva Herichová (Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague), Franz Humer and Eduard Pollhammer (Archaeological Park Carnuntum), Dorottya B. Nyékhelyi and László Daróczi-Szabó (Budapest History Museum), Institut National du Patrimoine (Tunisia), University of Barcelona, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project HUM2006-03432/HIST), Spanish Ministry of Culture (program of archaeological excavations abroad 2009); Spanish Agency of International Cooperation for the Development (2009), Catalan Institute of Classical Archaeology (ICAC), Vujadin Ivanisević, Nemanja Marković and Ivan Bugarski (Archaeological Institute 809 Belgrade), the Field Museum Chicago, the British National History Museum and the American Museum of Natural History for providing materials and support. G.L. and A.J. were supported by the ERC (grant ERC-2013-StG-337574-UNDEAD) and A.J. was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council Doctoral Training Program. D.O. was supported by Wellcome (Small Grant in Humanities and Social Science 209817/Z) and the British Academy / Leverhulme Trust (Small Research Grant SG170938). E.R. was supported by Estonian Research Council grant No PRG29. R.K. was supported by the Czech Academy of Sciences institutional support (RVO:67985912). S.V.-L. was supported by the ERC (grant ERC-StG- 716298 ZooMWest). H.E. was funded by an ERC grant (206148) through the Sealinks Project. A.H.B was funded by the Leverhulme Trust (ECF-2017-315). The de novo genome assembly, population genomics study, and radiocarbon dating were funded by the Max Planck Society.
Published: 2022

3. Make a desert and call it peace: massacre at the Iberian Iron Age village of La Hoya

Author: Armando Llanos, Rick Schulting, Teresa Fernández-Crespo, Javier Ordoño, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Arkikus, Instituto Alavés de Arqueología, Fernandez-Crespo, Teresa, School of Archaeology [Oxford], and University of Oxford
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, History, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Iron Age, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, 01 natural sciences, Prehistory, violence, Hoya, 0601 history and archaeology, palaeopathology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, massacre, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Desert (philosophy), 060102 archaeology, biology, Osteology, General Arts and Humanities, 06 humanities and the arts, 16. Peace & justice, biology.organism_classification, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, trauma, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Ethnology, Iberia, Decapitation, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Settlement (litigation)
Abstract: International audience; Once considered rare, archaeological examples of violence in prehistoric Europe have accumulated over recent decades, with new discoveries providing evidence of large-scale, organised warfare among pre- and protohistoric populations. One example is La Hoya in north-central Iberia. Between the mid fourth and late third centuries BC, the site was subjected to a violent attack, its inhabitants killed and the settlement burned. Here the authors present osteological analyses for a massacre: decapitations, amputations and other sharp-force injuries affecting a wide cross section of the community. They interpret the massacre as an instance of conflict between rival local communities, contributing to a growing picture of the scale and nature of violence in Iron Age Europe.
Published: 2020

4. Reconsidering domestication from a process archaeology perspective

Author: Alexander Weide, Joris Peters, Sarah L. Crowley, Dorian Q. Fuller, Robin Bendrey, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Tom Gilbert, Elinor K. Karlsson, Fiona Marshall, Robin G. Allaby, Charles Stépanoff, Natalie G. Mueller, Greger Larson, Tim Denham, Thomas Cucchi, Amy Bogaard, Aurelie Manin, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Santa Fe Institute, University of Warwick [Coventry], University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of Edinburgh, Centre for Geography and Environmental Science (CGES), University of Exeter, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), University of Oxford, École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), This work was supported by the European Research Council [ERC-2013-StG-337574-UNDEAD] and the Santa Fe Institute., and European Project: 337574,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-StG,UNDEAD(2014)
Subjects: Archeology, History, herding, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Process (engineering), Metaphysics, Domestication, 03 medical and health sciences, Hybridity, 0601 history and archaeology, Process philosophy, process, hybridity, SF, 030304 developmental biology, agriculture, 0303 health sciences, QL, 060102 archaeology, Perspective (graphical), Foundation (evidence), Environmental ethics, 06 humanities and the arts, CC, niche, General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Process philosophy offers a metaphysical foundation for domestication studies. This grounding is especially important given the European colonialist origin of 'domestication' as a term and 19th century cultural project. We explore the potential of process archaeology for deep-time investigation of domestication relationships, drawing attention to the variable pace of domestication as an ongoing process within and across taxa; the nature of domestication 'syndromes' and 'pathways' as general hypotheses about process; the importance of cooperation as well as competition among humans and other organisms; the significance of non-human agency; and the ubiquity of hybrid communities that resist the simple wild/domestic dichotomy.
Published: 2021

5. From photogrammetry to radiocarbon dating; investigating hafting adhesives on stone tools using a multi-analytical approach

Author: Thibaut Devièse, Marabel Riesmeier, Thomas Higham, Margaret-Ashley Veall, Dominique Bonjean, Richard Allen, Jamie Cameron, School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Bodleian Lib, Osney One Bldg, Oxford OX2 0EW, England, Centre de recherches de la grotte Scladina, Université de Liège, and University of Oxford
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, Context (language use), 06 humanities and the arts, Integrated approach, 01 natural sciences, Hafting, Archaeology, law.invention, Photogrammetry, law, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Hafting adhesives play a crucial role in the study of composite objects such as hunting weapons. However, they tend to degrade rapidly and, when they exceptionally preserve, they represent only micro remains. Over the last 20 years, different techniques have been applied to study such hafting residues. These techniques include optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. Hafting adhesives have also been radiocarbon dated in some cases. Here, we present a multi-analytical approach using these techniques as well as photogrammetry and FTIR spectroscopy. Our integrated approach, combining these six techniques in a strategic order, allows us to document, characterise chemically and date hafting adhesives. We applied this methodology to a set of stone tools discovered in Sart-Saint-Laurent (Belgium) without any archaeological context. This multi-analytical work revealed that several of the tools have been hafted with a heated Pinaceae resin around the 2nd-4th century CE, although some of the artefacts can be attributed to the Neolithic. More generally, this work demonstrates the complementary nature of all the techniques employed and their crucial contribution to fully elucidate hafting techniques.
Published: 2020

6. A guide for an anatomically sensitive dentine microsampling and age-alignment approach for human teeth isotopic sequences

Author: Julia A. Lee-Thorp, Andrea Czermak, Teresa Fernández-Crespo, Peter Ditchfield, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grant/Award Number: DFG246602782, British Academy (Newton International Fellowship), Grant/Award Number: NF170854, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grant/Award Number: DFG246602782, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement, Grant/Award Number: 790491, John Fell Fund, University of Oxford, Grant/Award Number: EBD10940-151/102., and Fernandez-Crespo, Teresa
Subjects: Adult, Adolescent, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Tertiary dentine, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Incremental growth, Anthropology, Physical, Young Adult, stomatognathic system, medicine, Humans, Cementum, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Carbon Isotopes, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Nitrogen Isotopes, Infant, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Diet, stomatognathic diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Child, Preschool, Anthropology, Temporal resolution, Dentin, Secondary dentine, Age Determination by Teeth, Anatomy, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Tooth, Geology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: International audience; ObjectivesStable isotope analysis of sequential dentine samples is a potentially powerful method to reveal insights into early life-histories of individuals in the past. Dentine incremental growth structures are complex, however, and current approaches that apply horizontal sectioning of demineralized tooth halves or quarters risk combining multiple growth layers and may include unwanted cementum or secondary dentine. They also require destruction of large parts of a tooth. Here, we present a less destructive and relatively straightforward protocol that reduces damage, increases temporal resolution, and improves the accuracy of age-alignment between individuals.Material and methodsWe outline a protocol that includes the sampling of small (1 mm diameter) cylindrical plug transects from a thin section, along with an age-alignment scheme predicated on average growth rates for dentine areas.Results and discussionThe proposed protocol is readily applicable and more anatomically sensitive than horizontal slicing. Micro-samples are smaller (in both length and depth), hence minimizing temporal overlap and avoid directions that may contravene growth pattern. They completely avoid areas where secondary and tertiary dentine or cementum can be deposited. Age-alignment is improved by using growth ratios of anatomical tooth zones.ConclusionThis method minimizes destruction, enables finer temporal resolution and facilitates data comparison. It can be readily combined with fluorescence imaging-based or other pre-screening methods of dentine collagen preservation.
Published: 2020

7. Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage

Author: Andrew T. Ozga, Mary Thompson, Colin J. Shew, Mario dos Reis, Anne C. Stone, James C. Chatters, Beth Shapiro, Holly Heiniger, Philippe Gaubert, Josh Kapp, Graham Gower, Alan Cooper, Dmitry E. Taranenko, Alexander T. Salis, Alexandra Jamieson, James Haile, Kristofer M. Helgen, Julie Meachen, Alberto Carmagnini, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Yaroslav V. Kuzmin, Audrey T. Lin, Carly Ameen, Pavel A. Kosintsev, Ardern Hulme-Beaman, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Greger Larson, Keith Dobney, Alice Mouton, Nedda F. Saremi, Kieren J. Mitchell, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Katherine M. Skerry, Samantha Presslee, Sandra Álvarez-Carretero, Shyam Gopalakrishnan, Robert K. Wayne, Ekaterina Antipina, Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Allowen Evin, Pere Bover, Angela R. Perri, Matthew J. Collins, Anna Linderholm, Christian Carøe, Mikhail V. Sablin, Selina Brace, Blaine W. Schubert, José Alfredo Samaniego Castruita, Durham University, Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Des Moines University, Smithsonian Institution, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), University of Exeter, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), The University of Sydney, University of Aberdeen, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian Museum [Sydney], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), Ural Federal University [Ekaterinburg] (UrFU), Texas A&M University System, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of York [York, UK], Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Idaho State University, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ZIN RAS), Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy [Novosibirsk], South Australian Museum (SAM), Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Perri, Angela R [0000-0002-4349-1060], Mitchell, Kieren J [0000-0002-3921-0262], Mouton, Alice [0000-0002-0598-8789], Hulme-Beaman, Ardern [0000-0001-8130-9648], Haile, James [0000-0002-8521-8337], Jamieson, Alexandra [0000-0003-0979-5762], Meachen, Julie [0000-0002-2526-2045], Lin, Audrey T [0000-0003-2505-1480], Bover, Pere [0000-0003-2942-2840], Brace, Selina [0000-0003-2126-6732], Samaniego Castruita, Jose A [0000-0001-5904-1198], Chatters, James C [0000-0001-8774-1044], Dobney, Keith [0000-0001-9036-4681], Dos Reis, Mario [0000-0001-9514-3976], Evin, Allowen [0000-0003-4515-1649], Gower, Graham [0000-0002-6197-3872], Helgen, Kristofer M [0000-0002-8776-4040], Salis, Alexander T [0000-0002-3205-3006], Taranenko, Dmitry E [0000-0002-3311-3947], Thompson, Mary [0000-0001-5626-3246], Sablin, Mikhail V [0000-0002-2773-7454], Kuzmin, Yaroslav V [0000-0002-4512-2269], Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S [0000-0003-1371-219X], Stone, Anne C [0000-0001-8021-8314], Shapiro, Beth [0000-0002-2733-7776], Van Valkenburgh, Blaire [0000-0002-9935-4719], Larson, Greger [0000-0002-4092-0392], Frantz, Laurent AF [0000-0001-8030-3885], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Lineage (evolution), Geographic Mapping, CANIS LUPUS, PHENOTYPE, 01 natural sciences, COLONIZATION, Extant taxon, FOSSILS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phylogeny, CANID, FOSSIL, CARNIVORA, 0303 health sciences, WOLF, Multidisciplinary, NORTH, Genome, ORIGIN, Fossils, Biodiversity, Genomics, CANIDAE, MEGAFAUNAL EXTINCTIONS, GENOME, ADMIXTURE, Geography, EXTINCTION, Phenotype, SUBFOSSIL, EXTINCTION, BIOLOGICAL, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, HYBRIDIZATION, Gene Flow, NORTH AMERICA, Pleistocene, GENETICS, PHYLOGENY, PLEISTOCENE, Zoology, Extinction, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, EURASIA, CLASSIFICATION, 03 medical and health sciences, COYOTE, WOLVES, EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY, REVEALS, GENE FLOW, NONHUMAN, Animals, ARTICLE, SPECIES EXTINCTION, PALEONTOLOGY, 030304 developmental biology, Taxonomy, CANIS LATRANS, MAMMALIA, Extinction, Wolves, Human evolutionary genetics, ANIMALS, Paleontology, ANIMAL, 15. Life on land, North America, GEOGRAPHIC MAPPING, GENOMICS
Abstract: Dire wolves are considered to be one of the most common and widespread large carnivores in Pleistocene America1, yet relatively little is known about their evolution or extinction. Here, to reconstruct the evolutionary history of dire wolves, we sequenced five genomes from sub-fossil remains dating from 13,000 to more than 50,000 years ago. Our results indicate that although they were similar morphologically to the extant grey wolf, dire wolves were a highly divergent lineage that split from living canids around 5.7 million years ago. In contrast to numerous examples of hybridization across Canidae2,3, there is no evidence for gene flow between dire wolves and either North American grey wolves or coyotes. This suggests that dire wolves evolved in isolation from the Pleistocene ancestors of these species. Our results also support an early New World origin of dire wolves, while the ancestors of grey wolves, coyotes and dholes evolved in Eurasia and colonized North America only relatively recently. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. Acknowledgements We thank the staff at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Cincinnati Museum Center, Danish Zoological Museum, Harrison Zoological Museum, Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, Idaho Museum of Natural History, Institute of Archaeology (Russian Academy of Sciences), Institute of Systematics and Animal Ecology (Russian Academy of Sciences), Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Instituto de Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas, Kansas Museum of Natural History, La Brea Tar Pits and Museum, Ludwig Maximilian University, McClung Museum, Museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (Russian Academy of Sciences), Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, National Museums Scotland, Natural History Museum London, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Swedish Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, SYLVATROP, US Bureau of Reclamation, University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Washington Burke Museum and the Zoological Institute (Russian Academy of Sciences; state assignment no. АААА-А19-119032590102-7) for access to specimens in their care; T. Barnosky, S. Bray, A. Farrell, R. Fischer, A. Harris, J. Harris, A. Henrici, P. Holroyd, R. MacPhee, T. Martin, A. Philpot, J. Saunders, J. Southon, G. Storrs, G. Takeuchi, X. Wang and C. Widga for assistance; and L. DeSantis for comments. A.M. used computational and storage services associated with the Hoffman2 Shared Cluster provided by UCLA Institute for Digital Research and Education’s Research Technology Group. DireGWC was sequenced using the Vincent J. Coates Genomics Sequencing Laboratory at UC Berkeley, supported by NIH S10 OD018174 Instrumentation Grant. We acknowledge the assistance of the Danish National High-Throughput Sequencing Centre, BGI-Europe, the Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Cancer Genomics Facility for assistance in Illumina and BGIseq500 data generation. A.R.P. was supported by a Marie Curie COFUND Junior Research Fellowship (Durham University). A.M. was supported by an NSF grant (award number: 1457106) and the QCB Collaboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship (UCLA). L.A.F.F., J.H., A.H.-B. and G.L. were supported by either European Research Council grant (ERC-2013-StG-337574-UNDEAD and ERC-2019-StG-853272-PALAEOFARM) and/or Natural Environmental Research Council grants (NE/K005243/1 and NE/K003259/1). K.S. was supported by a grant from Barrett, the Honors College at Arizona State University. A.T.O. was supported by the Strategic Initiative Funds, Office of the President, Arizona State University to the Institute of Human Origins DNA and Human Origins at Arizona State University project. L.A.F.F. was supported by a Junior Research Fellowship (Wolfson College, University of Oxford) and L.A.F.F. and A. Carmagnini were supported by the Wellcome Trust (210119/Z/18/Z). S.G. was supported by Carlsbergfondet grant CF14–0995 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions grant 655732-WhereWolf. M.T.P.G. was supported by ERC Consolidator grant 681396-Extinction Genomics. B.S. and J.K. were supported by IMLS MG-30-17-0045-17 and NSF DEB-1754451. A.H.-B. was supported by the Leverhulme Trust (ECF-2017-315). A. Cooper, K.J.M. and H.H. were supported by the Australian Research Council. A.T.S. and G.G. were supported by Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarships. A.T.L. was supported by the Peter Buck Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History. Y.V.K. was supported by the by State Assignment of the Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy.
Published: 2020

8. Datation croisée (U-Th et radiocarbone) de concrétions fuligineuses, modélisation bayésienne de la durée des phases d'occupation et fuliginochronologie

Author: Ségolène Vandevelde, Adelphine Bonneau, Edwige Pons-Branchu, Jacques Brochier, Tom Higham, Christophe Petit, Ludovic Slimak, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

9. Latitudinal gradient in dairy production with the introduction of farming in Atlantic Europe

Author: Denis Jan, Roberto Ontañon-Peredo, Pablo Arias, Sylvain Mazet, João Zilhão, Mariana Diniz, Laurent Juhel, Miriam Cubas, Arturo de Lombera-Hermida, Cyril Marcigny, Grégor Marchand, César Neves, Oliver E. Craig, Harry K. Robson, Xosé Pedro Rodríguez-Álvarez, Bruno Aubry, Cyrille Billard, Alexandre Lucquin, André Carlo Colonese, Cécile Germain-Vallée, T. Simões, Ricardo J. Fernandes, Ramón Fábregas Valcarce, Universidad de Cantabria, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Departments of Archaeology [York] (BioArch), University of York [York, UK], Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Service régional de l'archéologie de Normandie (SRA Normandie), Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Service départemental d'archéologie du Calvados, Conseil général du Calvados, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), UNIARQ, School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistoricas de Cantabria, IPHES - Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social, Museu Arqueológico de São Miguel de Odrinhas, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), University of Oxford, Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: Ceramics, 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Indigenous, Animals, Humans, 0601 history and archaeology, Animal Husbandry, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Domestication, lcsh:Science, History, Ancient, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis, Carbon Isotopes, Multidisciplinary, Geography, 060102 archaeology, Ecology, business.industry, Agriculture, 06 humanities and the arts, General Chemistry, Lipids, Europe, Dairying, Lactase persistence, Archaeology, Anthropology, lcsh:Q, Dairy Products, Pottery, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: The introduction of farming had far-reaching impacts on health, social structure and demography. Although the spread of domesticated plants and animals has been extensively tracked, it is unclear how these nascent economies developed within different environmental and cultural settings. Using molecular and isotopic analysis of lipids from pottery, here we investigate the foods prepared by the earliest farming communities of the European Atlantic seaboard. Surprisingly, we find an absence of aquatic foods, including in ceramics from coastal sites, except in the Western Baltic where this tradition continued from indigenous ceramic using hunter-gatherer-fishers. The frequency of dairy products in pottery increased as farming was progressively introduced along a northerly latitudinal gradient. This finding implies that early farming communities needed time to adapt their economic practices before expanding into more northerly areas. Latitudinal differences in the scale of dairy production might also have influenced the evolution of adult lactase persistence across Europe., The transition to agriculture brought major changes to human populations in Europe during the Neolithic period. Here, Cubas and colleagues analyse lipid residues from Neolithic pottery from along the Atlantic coast of Europe to trace the spread of dairy production and shifts in diet.
Published: 2020

10. Installations de la fin du Paléolithique moyen de la Grotte Mandrin, Malataverne, (Drôme). Fouille programmée triennale 2019-2021. Second rapport intermédiaire

Author: Slimak, Ludovic, Arnold, Lee, Buckley, Mike, Camus, Hubert, Demuro, M., Frouin, Marine, Giraud, Yves, Higham, Tom, Joannes-Boyau, R., Metz, Laure, Muth, Xavier, Puig, Céline, Vandevelde, Ségolène, Yvorra, Pascale, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Department of Anthropology [Havard University], Harvard University [Cambridge], Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Service Régional de l’Archéologie Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, University of Oxford, Harvard University, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Published: 2020

11. Molecular profiling of Peru Balsam reveals active ingredients responsible for its pharmaceutical properties

Author: Szu Shen Wong, Matthew Johnston, Thibaut Devièse, Erika Ribechini, John Betts, Marabel Riesmeier, Margaret-Ashley Veall, Marco Mattonai, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Keele University [Keele], Royal Pharmaceut Soc, London, England, School of Archaeology [Oxford], and University of Oxford
Subjects: Myroxylon balsamum, Peru Balsam, Plant Science, Q1, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, Ointments, allergy, antimicrobial, Meso- and Southern America, Peru, Humans, Medicine, Healing wounds, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Active ingredient, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Balsams, Myroxylon, integumentary system, Traditional medicine, 010405 organic chemistry, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Antimicrobial, R1, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact, Peru balsam, business, Topical ointment
Abstract: Peru Balsam, a resinous substance derived from Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae, has historically been used as a topical ointment for various skin conditions such as scabies, poorly healing wounds, eczema, and haemorrhoids. The ingredients responsible for these properties are not fully elucidated. We investigated the chemical composition of two Peru Balsam samples, one historical and one modern, using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify the active ingredients responsible for its pharmaceutical properties. Both Peru Balsam specimens investigated had similar compositions, showing the stability of the substance. Components identified are effective against scabies, exhibit antimicrobial activity and aid skin penetration. These properties are consistent with historical uses of Peru Balsam. Several ingredients are also known allergens. This study, combining chemical information with scientific literature related to pharmaceutical properties of natural substances, represents a breakthrough in the elucidation of active ingredients in Peru Balsam.
Published: 2020

12. Dating the Middle Paleolithic deposits of La Quina Amont (Charente, France) using luminescence methods

Author: André Debénath, Hélène Valladas, Norbert Mercier, Thomas Higham, Anne Delagnes, Christelle Lahaye, Marine Frouin, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Service Nutrition Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, RLAHA, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Marine isotope stage, 010506 paleontology, Luminescence, Optically stimulated luminescence, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Paleontology, law, Middle Paleolithic, Animals, Humans, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 060102 archaeology, Thermoluminescence dating, Radiometric Dating, Mousterian, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeology, Anthropology, Upper Paleolithic, France, Geology, Chronology
Abstract: The site of La Quina Amont, located in the Charente region, is one of the most important sites in southwestern France for studying major changes in human behaviors from the Middle Paleolithic (MP) to the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP). Extensively excavated over the past 50 years, numerous dating studies have been focused on the Upper Paleolithic deposits using radiocarbon on bone collagen and thermoluminescence (TL) on heated flints; however, the Mousterian levels remain undated due to the scarcity of suitable materials. Our investigations aimed to provide for the first time a chronological framework for the site using luminescence dating methods on different minerals contained in the sediments. Coarse grains of quartz were dated using the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technique, and polymineral fine grains were dated using both infrared (IRSL) and post-infrared (pIR-IRSL) stimulated luminescence signals. OSL, IRSL and pIR-IRSL results were combined with available TL and radiocarbon data sets to propose a chronology for the site. The agreement between these methods provides key insights into the sedimentological processes involved in the site formation and into the chronology of the human occupations. In particular, it shows that the sequence spans almost ∼20,000 years (20 ka). Moreover, the new chronological framework suggests that the makers of the Quina lithic technocomplex (LTC), who were reindeer hunters, inhabited the site from the end of marine isotope stage (MIS) 4 to the beginning of MIS 3. We also show that Levallois and Discoidal industries occurred successively under temperate paleoclimatic conditions, during MIS 3 but not after ∼40 ka. Finally, we compare the Quina LTC dataset with other sites in southern France in order to shed light upon the variability in Mousterian industries of this region.
Published: 2017

13. New data for the Early Upper Paleolithic of Kostenki (Russia)

Author: Andrei Sinitsyn, Thibaut Devièse, Natasha Reynolds, Mikhail V. Sablin, Thomas Higham, Alexander Bessudnov, Rob Dinnis, Abi Pate, British Museum, Institute for the History of Material Culture [St Petersburg], the Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow, Russia] (RAS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), This research was supported by the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2012-800). A.B.'s work was supported by grants RFBR18-39-20009 and RSF18-78-00136, and by state assignment 0184-2018-0012. NR was supported during the writing of this paper by a Postdoctoral Study Grant from the Fondation Fyssen and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 747400. A.S. acknowledges grant RFBR17-06-00319a and state assignment 0184-2018-0012, and we also acknowledge the participation of ZIN RAS (state assignment АААА-А17-117022810195-3). The research that enabled the production of HYP radiocarbon dates came from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013), ERC grant 324139 'PalaeoChron', which also supported N.R., T.D. and T.H., European Project: 324139,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120411,PALAEOCHRON(2013), European Project: 747400,PeOPLE, and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: Radiocarbon dating, Bladelet technology, 010506 paleontology, Neanderthal, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Archaeological record, Eastern Europe, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, biology.animal, Assemblage (archaeology), 0601 history and archaeology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060101 anthropology, biology, Anatomically modern humans, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeology, Geography, Early Upper Palaeolithic, Anthropology, Upper Paleolithic, Period (geology), Kostenki, Aurignacian, Chronology
Abstract: Several questions remain regarding the timing and nature of the Neanderthal-anatomically modern human (AMH) transition in Europe. The situation in Eastern Europe is generally less clear due to the relatively few sites and a dearth of reliable radiocarbon dates. Claims have been made for both notably early AMH and notably late Neanderthal presence, as well as for early AMH (Aurignacian) dispersal into the region from Central/Western Europe. The Kostenki-Borshchevo complex (European Russia) of Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP) sites offers high-quality data to address these questions. Here we revise the chronology and cultural status of the key sites of Kostenki 17 and Kostenki 14. The Kostenki 17/II lithic assemblage shares important features with Proto-Aurignacian material, strengthening an association with AMHs. New radiocarbon dates for Kostenki 17/II of ∼41–40 ka cal BP agree with new dates for the recently excavated Kostenki 14/IVw, which shows some similarities to Kostenki 17/II. Dates of ≥41 ka cal BP from other Kostenki sites cannot be linked to diagnostic archaeological material, and therefore cannot be argued to date AMH occupation. Kostenki 14's Layer in Volcanic Ash assemblage, on the other hand, compares to Early Aurignacian material. New radiocarbon dates targeting diagnostic lithics date to 39–37 ka cal BP. Overall, Kostenki's early EUP is in good agreement with the archaeological record further west. Our results are therefore consistent with models predicting interregional penecontemporaneity of diagnostic EUP assemblages. Most importantly, our work highlights ongoing challenges for reliably radiocarbon dating the period. Dates for Kostenki 14 agreed with the samples' chronostratigraphic positions, but standard pre-treatment methods consistently produced incorrect ages for Kostenki 17/II. Extraction of hydroxyproline from bone collagen using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, however, yielded results consistent with the samples' chronostratigraphic position and with the layer's archaeological contents. This suggests that for some sites compound-specific techniques are required to build reliable radiocarbon chronologies.
Published: 2019

14. Fuliginochronology: a new way of studying fire events chronicles in archaeological sites. Example of the Grotte Mandrin during glacial period

Author: Vandevelde, Ségolène, Bonneau, Adelphine, Brochier, Jacques, Petit, Christophe, Slimak, Ludovic, Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Auréade Henry, Marine Vanlandeghem, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, University of Oxford, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: glacial period, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, cold climate, carbonates, neanderthal, soot, fire
Abstract: Poster presented at: PACE - Prehistoric Adaptations to Cold Environments, Jan 2019, Nice, France.XXIIe colloque du GMPCA, Session : Ô temps suspend ton vol : chronologies et datations, Mai 2019, Montréal, Canada.YRA 3 - 3rd Young Researchers in Archaeometry, Sept 2019, Nanterre, France.; International audience; ***Poster presented at:*** · PACE - Prehistoric Adaptations to Cold Environments, Jan 2019, Nice, France.· XXIIe colloque du GMPCA, Session : Ô temps suspend ton vol : chronologies et datations, Mai 2019, Montréal, Canada.· YRA 3 - 3rd Young Researchers in Archaeometry, Sept 2019, Nanterre, France.___In this poster, we will introduce a pioneer method for studying fire traces left by human groups in an archaeological site. This method is called Fuliginochronology, from Latin fuliginosus, fuligo: soot, fuliginous, and from Greek khrônologia: chronology. It consists of studying the succession of soot deposits trapped in a matrix. Here we will only develop the cases of soot trapped in carbonate deposits and more specifically in speleothems. In the particular case of an archaeological site like a rock shelter or a cave, these fuliginous calcite deposits (i.e. stalagmite, parietal crust, flowstones) are a record of past human occupations, which can be enumerated (Vandevelde et al. 2017; 2018; Vandevelde et Dupuis 2017). Rhythms of human occupations in a site can also be recorded. This pioneer method is based on high-resolution observation of soot layers trapped in calcite deposits and of the speleothems themselves, coupled with complementary analyses (only characterisation of soot by SEM and Raman analyses will be presented here).The poster will focus on an example in the Rhône Valley : the Grotte Mandrin, during glacial period, where fire use by Neanderthal is common on this site.*References*· Vandevelde, S., Brochier, J.É., Petit, C., Slimak, L., 2017. Establishment of occupation chronicles in Grotte Mandrin using sooted concretions: Rethinking the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. Journal of Human Evolution 112: 70-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.016· Vandevelde, S., Brochier, J.É., Desachy, B., Petit, C., Slimak, L., 2018. Sooted concretions: A new micro-chronological tool for high temporal resolution archaeology. Quaternary International 474(B): 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.10.031· Vandevelde, S., Dupuis, C., 2017. Voyage au bout de la suie. Chroniques des occupations humaines à la Grotte Mandrin [Ashes to ashes, soot to soot. Human occupations chronicles at Grotte Mandrin site], in : Cleyet-Merle, J-J., Shunkov, M.V., Le troisième Homme, Préhistoire de l’Altaï [The third Man, Prehistory of the Altaï], exhibition, Musée National de Préhistoire, Les Eyzies-de-Tayac, video : https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/medihal-01580618
Published: 2019

15. Metabolomics reveals diet-derived plant polyphenols accumulate in physiological bone

Author: Thibaut Devièse, Peter Ditchfield, Beatrice Whitham-Agut, Miguel Sipin, Angela Trentacoste, James S. O. McCullagh, Jennifer A. Tripp, Robert E. M. Hedges, Jacob Studholme, Maria Grazia Cappai, Isabelle Alldritt, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Phytochemicals, Sus scrofa, Human bone, lcsh:Medicine, Mineralization (biology), Bone health, Biochemical assays, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Metabolomics, Limit of Detection, Osteogenesis, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Element cycles, Ingestion, Animals, Bone formation, Femur, Bone, lcsh:Science, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, lcsh:R, Polyphenols, food and beverages, Feeding Behavior, Animal Feed, In vitro, 030104 developmental biology, Durapatite, Biochemistry, Polyphenol, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers
Abstract: Plant-derived secondary metabolites consumed in the diet, especially polyphenolic compounds, are known to have a range of positive health effects. They are present in circulation after ingestion and absorption and can be sequestered into cells within particular organs, but have rarely been investigated systematically in osteological tissues. However, a small number of polyphenols and similar molecules are known to bind to bone. For example alizarin, a plant derived anthraquinone and tetracycline (a naturally occurring antibiotic), are both absorbed into bone from circulation during bone formation and are used to monitor mineralization in osteological studies. Both molecules have also been identified serendipitously in archaeological human bones derived from natural sources in the diet. Whether an analogous mechanism of sequestration extends to additional diet-derived plant-polyphenols has not previously been systematically studied. We investigated whether a range of diet-derived polyphenol-like compounds bind to bone using untargeted metabolomics applied to the analysis of bone extracts from pigs fed an acorn-based diet. We analysed the diet which was rich in ellagitannins, extracts from the pig bones and surrounding tissue, post-mortem. We found direct evidence of multiple polyphenolic compounds in these extracts and matched them to the diet. We also showed that these compounds were present in the bone but not surrounding tissues. We also provide data showing that a range of polyphenolic compounds bind to hydroxyapatite in vitro. The evidence for polyphenol sequestration into physiological bone, and the range and specificity of polyphenols in human and animal diets, raises intriguing questions about potential effects on bone formation and bone health. Further studies are needed to determine the stability of the sequestered molecules post-mortem but there is also potential for (palaeo)dietary reconstruction and forensic applications.
Published: 2019

16. Corrigendum to 'Dating the Middle Palaeolithic deposits of La Quina Amont (Charente, France) using luminescence methods' [Journal of Human Evolution 109 (2017) 30–45]

Author: Norbert Mercier, Thomas Higham, Anne Delagnes, Marine Frouin, Hélène Valladas, Christelle Lahaye, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, RLAHA, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010506 paleontology, 060101 anthropology, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Human evolution, Anthropology, 0601 history and archaeology, Luminescence, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

17. Chronology of middle Holocene hunter–gatherers in the Cis-Baikal region of Siberia: Corrections based on examination of the freshwater reservoir effect

Author: Olga I. Goriunova, Rick Schulting, Natal'ia E. Berdnikova, Vladimir I. Bazaliiskii, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Andrzej W. Weber, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Univerity of Alberta, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Irkutsk State University (ISU), University of Oxford [Oxford], and Weber, Andrzej
Subjects: Radiocarbon dating, 010506 paleontology, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, law.invention, Sequence (geology), Reservoir effect, Correction of freshwater reservoir effect, Bronze Age, law, Cis-Baikal Siberia, 0601 history and archaeology, Middle Holocene, Mesolithic, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, 060102 archaeology, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeology, 13. Climate action, Period (geology), [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Regression analysis, Geology, Hunter–gatherers, Chronology
Abstract: A dataset of 256 AMS radiocarbon dates on human skeletal remains from middle Holocene cemeteries in the Cis-Baikal region, Siberia, and associated carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values are analyzed for new insights about culture history and processes of culture change. First, based on the typological criteria all dated human burials are assigned to mortuary traditions and typochronological units–Late Mesolithic, Early Neolithic, Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. Next, all dates are corrected for the Freshwater Reservoir Effect (FRE) according to the regression equations developed using paired radiocarbon dates on human and terrestrial faunal remains from the same graves and examined for chronological trends using a Bayesian approach. While the entire corrected culture historical sequence is younger by roughly 200–400 years relative to the previous model the shift of the specific period boundaries is not systematic due to the varying proportion of aquatic food in the diets of the relevant groups. Examination of the dataset subdivided into smaller spatio-temporal units provides additional insights. During the Early Neolithic, in the Angara and Southwest Baikal micro-regions there is a chronological trend toward increased reliance on aquatic food. During the Early Bronze Age in the Little Sea micro-region, there appears to be a trend toward increased reliance on the Baikal seal. This shift, however, can also be interpreted as increasing migration over time of new groups from the Upper Lena. The sample from the Early Neolithic Shamanka II cemetery in Southwest Baikal shows two non-abutting phases of use each displaying a trend toward greater consumption of aquatic foods. These findings provide new chronological framework for the study of other cultural changes affecting middle Holocene hunter–gatherers in the region. The results may also allow better correlation with other sequences, cultural and environmental, that are not affected by the FRE.
Published: 2016

18. Biogeochemical data from the Shamanka II Early Neolithic cemetery on southwest Baikal: Chronological and dietary patterns

Author: Rick Schulting, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, Vladimir I. Bazaliiskii, Andrzej W. Weber, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Univerity of Alberta, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford [Oxford], Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], Irkutsk State University (ISU), University of Oxford, School of Archaeology [Oxford], and University of Oxford-University of Oxford
Subjects: Radiocarbon dating, 010506 paleontology, Biogeochemical cycle, Population, Dietary variation, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, law.invention, Reservoir effect, law, Cis-Baikal Siberia, Long period, 0601 history and archaeology, Temporal change, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, education.field_of_study, 060102 archaeology, Ecology, Freshwater reservoir effect, 06 humanities and the arts, Dietary pattern, Middle Holocene hunter–gatherers, Cemetery chronology, Geology, Chronology
Abstract: International audience; A data set of 116 AMS radiocarbon dates on human skeletal remains from an Early Neolithic (c. 7500-6700 cal BP) Shamanka II cemetery on Lake Baikal, Siberia, and associated carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values are analyzed for insights about site chronology and dietary variation of this group of hunteregatherers. All dates are corrected for the Freshwater Reservoir Effect (FRE) according to the correction equations developed using paired radiocarbon dates on human and terrestrial faunal remains from the same graves (Bronk Ramsey et al., 2014; Schulting et al., 2014). Further examination of the data set provides the following main findings. First, it identified the presence of two phases of cemetery use at Shamanka II, each of quite different duration, separated by a relatively long period of disuse lasting as much as 300-550 years. Second, it demonstrated presence of four groups of people during the long Phase 1 each with a slightly different dietary pattern: three displaying a temporal change toward greater reliance on aquatic foods and one group, which apparently did not experience a diet shift. Third, the results show that all individuals from the short Phase 2 evince a clear chronological trend towards increased dietary contribution of aquatic food and that this pattern repeats closely one of the three trends present in Phase 1. While a generally similar chronological dietary trend has been found recently also among the Early Neolithic groups from the nearby Angara valley (Weber et al., 2015), the Shamanka II population appears to be much more diverse in dietary terms than its neighbours to the northeast
Published: 2016

19. The complementarity of luminescence dating methods illustrated on the Mousterian sequence of the Roc de Marsal: A series of reindeer-dominated, Quina Mousterian layers dated to MIS 3

Author: Vera Aldeias, Shannon P. McPherron, Norbert Mercier, Joséphine Tuquoi, Marine Frouin, Harold L. Dibble, Dennis Sandgathe, Paul Goldberg, Kristina Jørkov Thomsen, Alain Turq, Guillaume Guérin, Christelle Lahaye, Mayank Jain, Pierre Guibert, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Archaeology, Boston University [Boston] (BU), Service Nutrition Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Musée National de Préhistoire, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)
Subjects: Single grain OSL, 010506 paleontology, Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Context (language use), Middle Palaeolithic variability, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Paleontology, 0302 clinical medicine, Lithic technology, Cave, Sequence stratigraphy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Thermoluminescence dating, Mousterian, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, Dose rate heterogeneities, Luminescence dating methods (TL, OSL, IRSL), Quina Mousterian, Geology, Chronology
Abstract: Located in southwest France, Roc de Marsal is a cave with a rich Mousterian stratigraphic sequence. The lower part of the sequence (Layers 9–5) are characterized by assemblages dominated by Levallois lithic technology associated with composite faunal spectra (including red deer, roe deer and reindeer) that shows a gradual increase in the frequency of reindeer. The top of the sequence (Layers 4–2) are characterised instead by Quina lithic technology (both in terms of technology and typology) with the faunal remains dominated by reindeer. Roc de Marsal thus provides a very interesting case study to place behavioural changes in a context of changing climates and environments in western Europe during the late Pleistocene. To link the occupations at Roc de Marsal with global and regional climatic conditions known independently, a robust chronology is needed. With this aim in mind, we applied three luminescence dating methods (TL, OSL and IRSL) on different minerals (flint, quartz and K-feldspar extracts). Here the results of two of these methods are presented in detail (TL and OSL) and compared with preliminary IRSL data. At Roc de Marsal, a comparison of methods was necessary to overcome a complex sedimentary history, with very heterogeneous dose rate distributions, both at the beta (mm) and gamma (dm) dose rate scales. The results indicate that the lower Levallois layers are dated to ∼65–70 ka, while overlying Quina layers are dated to ∼49 ka. These ages for the lower layers fit well with some models that place mixed faunal assemblages in the initial MIS 4; however, while the Quina ages overlap with several other Quina assemblages from the region, they place the reindeer dominated fauna well after the peak cold of MIS 4 and suggest a more extended and complex period of contemporaneous lithic techno-complexes than posited by some current models.
Published: 2017

20. An improved radiofluorescence single-aliquot regenerative dose protocol for K-feldspars

Author: Sebastian Kreutzer, Christelle Lahaye, Marine Frouin, Michel Lamothe, Norbert Mercier, Sebastien Huot, Anne Philippe, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), ANJA (ANJA), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Jean Leray (LMJL), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)
Subjects: Protocol (science), 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Stratigraphy, Mineralogy, Geology, 01 natural sciences, Signal, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Fading, Biological system, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Measuring the infrared radiofluorescence (IR-RF) signal of K-feldspars, which is thought to be not affected by any anomalous fading, potentially provides a promising alternative dating approach to the more studied IR and pIRIR signals. Here we report a series of experiments aimed at characterising the IR-RF signal, which led us to propose an improved IR-SAR (Infrared Radiofluorescence Single-Aliquot Regeneration) protocol. In comparison with the original protocol from Erfurt and Krbetschek (2003a), the proposed one relies on IR-RF signal measurements and bleaching experiments conducted at elevated temperatures. Stabilising the temperature at 70 °C during the measurements helps keeping the very shallow traps empty during the process. Internal protocol tests and dating applications are presented using known age samples. We show that the improved protocol (named RF70) is capable to reproduce known age results within uncertainties. However, considering the slow bleaching rate of the RF70 signal, the multi-grain approach is likely not the most suitable for the De determination of complex samples.
Published: 2017

21. Bondi Cave and the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition in western Georgia (south Caucasus)

Author: Edwige Pons-Branchu, Sébastien Nomade, Reuven Yeshurun, Marie-Hélène Moncel, Alexander Muskhelishvili, François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec, Thomas Higham, Gérard Poupeau, David Lordkipanidze, David Pleurdeau, Dominique Genty, Maka Bokeria, Monique Pierre, Tamar Agapishvili, Nikoloz Tushabramishvili, Hervé Bocherens, Marine Frouin, Ron Pinhasi, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Préhistoire, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), School of Archaeology, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Zinman Institute of Archaeology [Haifa], University of Haifa [Haifa], Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford [Oxford], IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut für Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), The National Museum of Georgia, Musée national de Géorgie, Gouvernement de Géorgie, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Département de Préhistoire du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche sur les archéomatériaux (IRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], and University of Oxford-University of Oxford
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Provenance, Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Sequence (geology), Paleontology, Lithic technology, Cave, law, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, geography, 060101 anthropology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, Chronology
Abstract: The late Pleistocene expansion of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) into Eurasia and the concurrent demise of the Neanderthals appears to be a complex and regionally variable process. The southern Caucasus region, with its rich cave-sites, has recently provided important results regarding this process. In this paper we report on the results of fieldwork in Bondi Cave, Western Georgia, providing a new radiocarbon chronology, stratigraphic observations, analyses of lithic technology and provenance, faunal and floral remains as well as paleoenvironmental data. The cave includes Middle Palaeolithic (ca, 45,000 ka cal. BP) cultural horizons and a long Upper Palaeolithic sequence (ca. 40,000–27,000 cal. BP from layer V to IV). A modern human tooth was found in layer Vb. We estimate its age at 39,000–35,800 Cal BP (95.4%), based on the Bayesian age model we built. If the context of the tooth is reliable, as we think it is, this would make it the oldest morphologically modern human in the Caucasus. Upper Palaeolithic hunting of tur and bison, as well as the collection of various plants including flax is attested. Mobile Upper Palaeolithic foragers inhabited the cave in generally cold and dry periods, but a mosaic of environments, including forests and meadows, was nonetheless available to them. The archaeological sequence of Bondi and adjacent sites indicates a substantial time gap between the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic occupations, thus disproving Neanderthal-AMH interaction in this area and lending support to a replacement scenario in the southern Caucasus, assuming of course that the Early Upper Palaeolithic (EUP) is related to the arrival of AMHs.
Published: 2016

22. Large-scale tectonic cycles in Europe revealed by distinct Pb isotope provinces

Author: Blichert-Toft, Janne, Delile, Hugo, Lee, Cin-Ty, Stos-Gale, Zofia, Billström, Kjell, Andersen, Tom, Hannu, Huhma, Albarède, Francis, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Rice University [Houston], Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), University of Oslo (UiO), Geological Survey of Finland, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Geological Survey of Finland = Geologian tutkimuskeskus tuottaa (GKT), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Department of Geosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], and University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Lead isotopic systematics of U-poor minerals, such as sulfides and feldspars, can provide unique insights into the origin and evolution of continents because these minerals ''freeze in'' the Pb isotopic composition of the crust during major tectonothermal events, allowing the history of a continent to be told through Pb isotopes. Lead model ages constrain the timing of crust formation while time-integrated U/ Pb, Th/Pb, and Th/U ratios shed light onto key geochemical processes associated with continent formation. Using 6800 Pb isotope measurements of primarily lead ores and minor K-feldspar, we mapped out the Pb isotope systematics across Europe and the Mediterranean. Lead model ages define spatially distinct age provinces, consistent with major tectonic events ranging from the Paleozoic to the Proterozoic and latest Archean. However, the regions defined by time-integrated U/Pb and Th/Pb ratios cut across the boundaries of age provinces, with high U/Pb systematics characterizing most of southern Europe. Magmatic influx, followed by segregation of dense sulfide-rich mafic cumulates, resulted in foundering of U-and Th-poor lower crust, thereby changing the bulk composition of the continental crust and leading to distinct timeintegrated U-Th/Pb provinces. We show that the tectonic assembly of small crustal fragments leaves the crust largely undifferentiated, whereas the formation of supercontinents results in fundamental changes in the composition of the crust, identifiable in time and space by means of Pb isotope systematics. Observations based on Pb isotopes open up a new perspective on possible relationships between crustal thickness and geodynamic processes, in particular the role of crustal foundering into the mantle and the mechanisms responsible for the existence of cratons.
Published: 2016

23. Exploring human responses to climate change in Mediterranean and Atlantic North Africa using oxygen and carbon stable isotopes from small mammal teeth

Author: Jeffrey, Amy, Stoetzel, Emmanuelle, Parfitt, Simon, Barton, Nick, Bouzouggar, Abdeljalil, Denys, Christiane, El Hajraoui, Mohamed Abdeljalil, Nespoulet, Roland, Lee-Thorp, Julia, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University College of London [London] (UCL), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and STOETZEL, Emmanuelle
Subjects: [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry
Abstract: International audience; Taforalt and El Harhoura 2, two archaeological cave sites located respectively on the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Morocco, preserve a long, well stratified sequences of human occupation dating back >100ka. These important Middle Stone Age (MSA) and Later Stone Age (LSA) archaeological sequences are used to examine the impact of past climate change on human cultural behaviour in North Africa. Palaeoclimate records suggest that climate in North Africa has oscillated strongly since the Last Interglacial between periods of humidity and aridity. As the majority of palaeoclimate information in the Mediterranean region of North Africa is from indirect sources such as marine cores, in this research we sought to develop a terrestrial proxy record for past humid/arid shifts on the Mediterranean and Atlantic coast of Morocco using stable oxygen and carbon isotopes from Gerbillinae (gerbil) teeth. The results from the stable isotope analysis of gerbil teeth from Taforalt and El Harhoura 2 show that the LSA occupation at both sites is associated with an aridfication of climate indicated by a positive oxygen isotope excursion at El Harhoura 2, and the expansion of C4 vegetation in the region around Taforalt. The MSA occupation appears to be related to humid periods during MIS 5 at El Harhoura 2, and relatively more arid events during the Last Glacial at both sites.
Published: 2015

24. What do the stable isotope composition of small mammal tissues reflect in semi-arid and arid environments?

Author: Jeffrey, Amy, Stoetzel, Emmanuelle, Denys, Christiane, Lee-Thorp, Julia, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and STOETZEL, Emmanuelle
Subjects: [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, fungi, parasitic diseases, humanities
Abstract: International audience; The stable isotope composition of small mammal tissues has the potential to provide excellent records of terrestrial palaeoclimate, because their remains are found in large abundances in the Quaternary record, and they have small home ranges. However, there is a lack of modern analogous studies on wild small mammal populations, meaning little is understood about their isotope ecology. In this paper we report the δ18O, δ13C and δ15N composition of modern Gerbillinae teeth and bone collagen from across a rainfall gradient in semi-arid and arid environments in NW Africa, to explore the influence of moisture availability and aridity on the isotope composition of small mammal tissues. The δ18O composition of the Gerbillinae teeth is strongly correlated with mean annual precipitation (MAP), because of the animals reliance on water from food. However, when MAP is ~≥600mm aridity has less of an influence on the δ18O of Gerbillinae teeth, and they appear to reflect the δ18O composition of local meteoric water. The δ13C of the Gerbillinae teeth and bone collagen are strongly correlated, even though both tissues reflect different temporal periods. There is a marked distinction between the C3 plants consumed by the gerbils in mesic and arid locations, however there is high variation in the δ13C composition of the tissues at some sites caused the highly localized microhabitat that the gerbils represent. The δ15N composition of the Gerbillinae bone collagen does not reflect aridity in this region, and instead reflects the δ15N composition of the diet.
Published: 2015

25. Stable isotope analysis of modern small mammals from Morocco: implications for reconstructing palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate

Author: Jeffrey, Amy, Denys, Christiane, Stoetzel, Emmanuelle, Lee-Thorp, Julia, STOETZEL, Emmanuelle, La 6ème extinction - Influence de l'installation des hommes modernes au Maroc sur l'évolution de la biodiversité des petits vertébrés terrestres - - Mohmie2009 - ANR-09-PEXT-0004 - La 6ème extinction - VALID, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-09-PEXT-0004,Mohmie,Influence de l'installation des hommes modernes au Maroc sur l'évolution de la biodiversité des petits vertébrés terrestres(2009), University of Oxford [Oxford], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: stomatognathic diseases, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, stomatognathic system, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, parasitic diseases, fungi
Abstract: National audience; Small mammal remains from archaeological sites provide an excellent tool for reconstructing palaeoenvironment and palaeoclimate as they are abundant in the archaeological record, have small home ranges and prefer specific habitats. In this study we evaluate the stable carbon and oxygen isotope composition of small mammal teeth as a reflection of local climate and environmental conditions, with theaim of assessing their use as a terrestrial proxy climate record in North Africa. Modern Gerbillus, Meriones and Mus teeth and bones, collected from mesic, semi-arid and arid environments across Morocco, were analysed for their δ13C and δ 18O, and δ 13C and δ 15N composition respectively. The results show oxygen isotopes in Gerbillus and Meriones tooth enamel are sensitive to changes in rainfall and relative humidity, with mammal teeth in more arid sites displaying higher oxygen isotope values relative to sites located in the mesic coastal zone. This is best explained by small mammals strong reliance on plant water, hence their bodywater and tooth enamel is highly sensitive to evaporative enrichment in plants under xericconditions. The carbon isotopes in the Gerbillus and Meriones tooth enamel display greater isotopic variability and likely reflect the vegetation within the mammal’s microhabitat. In Gerbillus, Meriones and Mus δ 15N appears insensitive to changes in aridity. Based on isotopic comparisons between individual Gerbillus and Meriones molar and incisor teeth, we find that molar teeth should be used in palaeoenvironmental reconstructions because these teeth consistently reflect the spring/summer breeding season. In contrast, incisors, which form continuously throughout the year, show increased isotopic variability in the proxy record. From this study we conclude that both oxygen and carbon isotopes in small mammal teeth are sensitive to environmental conditions in North Africa.
Published: 2015

26. New insights into a Late-Pleistocene human occupation in America: The Vale da Pedra Furada complete chronological study

Author: Gisele Daltrini Felice, Anne-Marie Pessis, Marine Frouin, Ignacio Clemente-Conte, A. Da Costa, Christine Hatté, Guillaume Guérin, Niède Guidon, Christelle Lahaye, Michel Fontugne, Eric Boëda, Mario Pino, Antoine Lourdeau, Marina Pagli, Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Austral de Chile, Fundaçao Museu do Homem Americano (FUMDHAM), UNIVASF, Petrolina, Brazil, universidade federal do vale do sao francisco (univasf), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), University of Oxford, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Anthropologie des techniques, des espaces et des territoires au Pliocène et au Pléistocène (AnTET), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Radiocarbon dating, 010506 paleontology, Vale da Pedra Furada, Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Luminescence dating, Stratigraphy, Context (language use), America, Luminescence datation, Ecological succession, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 0601 history and archaeology, Functional studies, Pléistocène, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060102 archaeology, Thermoluminescence dating, National park, site archéologique de Pedra Furada au Brésil, Geology, 06 humanities and the arts, Quartz, Archaeology, Sedimentary rock, First settlements, radiocarbone
Abstract: Within the framework of the studies focusing on the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas, our French-Brazilian team has undertaken a pluridisciplinary research on different archaeological sites, inside and in the neighborhood of the Serra da Capivara National Park, in Brazilian Nordeste. The present study regards an archaeological site, Vale da Pedra Furada, situated in the Piauí state in Brazil. The results of technological and functional studies suggest the existence of different successive human occupations during the Pleistocene in this region. Moreover, the geological and geomorphological studies shed new light on our understanding of sedimentary processes and confirm that the levels were not subject to any significant post-depositional processes. This is also confirmed by macro- and micro-analysis of quartz artefact surfaces. The chronological study has recently been completed employing both radiocarbon and luminescence techniques; radiocarbon dates were obtained on charcoal, multi-grain and single-grain OSL ages on sedimentary quartz grains. The results obtained with the different methods are consistent with each other: the most recent archaeological level is dated to around 8 ka and the oldest to 24 ka, indicating the open-air site of Vale da Pedra Furada to be a succession of human occupations beginning from OIS 2. These results are discussed in the context of some archaeological sites studied in the Serra da Capivara National Park of the last few decades., Authors would like to thank Bordeaux-Montaigne University (PSE 2014), the Conseil Régional d'Aquitaine, the FUMDHAM (Fundacão Museu do Homem Americano), the CNPq and the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs for funding. This project benefited from French State help managed by the French Research National Agency under the Investissements d'Avenir Program (reference ANR-10-LABX-52). Thanks also due to B. Berthier, J-P Dumoulin and C. Moreau for LMC14-AMS facilities at Saclay, and to J. Faure for precious help in preparing luminescence samples.
Published: 2015

27. A Late Pleistocene record of palaeoaridity from El Harhoura 2, Morocco: evidence from oxygen and carbon stable isotopes in Gerbillinae teeth

Author: Jeffrey, Amy, Stoetzel, Emmanuelle, Nespoulet, Roland, El Hajraoui, Mohamed Abdeljalil, Barton, Nick, Denys, Christiane, Lee-Thorp, Julia, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STOETZEL, Emmanuelle, School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry
Abstract: International audience; El Harhoura 2, an archaeological cave site on the Atlantic coast of Morocco preserves a long, well stratified sequence of human occupation dating back to the last Inter-glacial . The Middle Stone Age (MSA) and Later Stone Age (LSA) archaeological contents of the cave can be used to assess the impact of past climate change on human cultural behaviour in North Africa. Palaeoclimate records in the region suggest that climate in North Africa has varied strongly since the Last Interglacial between periods of humidity and aridity. A palaeoenvironmental record based on the ecology of the microfauna already exists for the site, so in this research we sought to develop an independent proxy for past aridity shifts on the Atlantic coast of Morocco using stable oxygen and carbon isotopes from Gerbillinae (gerbil) teeth. The oxygen and carbon isotope records suggest that El Harhoura 2 experienced an episode of humidity, possibly during MIS 5e/5c, and the climate became more arid from MIS 5a onwards throughout the Last Glacial. Although both the microfauna and stable isotope records show the same general climatic trends, there are crucial discrepancies between levels in these records defined as ‘humid’ and ‘arid’.
Published: 2014

28. Exploring human responses to climate change in North Africa using oxygen and carbon stable isotopes from small mammal teeth

Author: Jeffrey, Amy, Barton, Nick, Denys, Christiane, Stoetzel, Emmanuelle, Bouzouggar, Abdeljalil, Lee-Thorp, Julia, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Institut National des Sciences de l'Archéologie et du Patrimoine (INSAP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), ANR-09-PEXT-0004,Mohmie,Influence de l'installation des hommes modernes au Maroc sur l'évolution de la biodiversité des petits vertébrés terrestres(2009), STOETZEL, Emmanuelle, La 6ème extinction - Influence de l'installation des hommes modernes au Maroc sur l'évolution de la biodiversité des petits vertébrés terrestres - - Mohmie2009 - ANR-09-PEXT-0004 - La 6ème extinction - VALID, School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, University of Oxford, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry
Abstract: International audience; Available evidence indicates that climate in North-West Africa has varied strongly since the Last Interglacial between periods of humidity and aridity, along with expansions and contractions in the northern fringe of the Sahara Desert. This research explores past humid and arid climate shifts in North Africa over the last 100ka using stable oxygen and carbon isotopes from small mammal teeth excavated from archaeological cave sites located on the Mediterranean coastal plain of Morocco. Here we present modern and pilot archaeological stable isotope data from Meriones and Gerbillus that demonstrate patterned isotope variability across mesic and arid environments, and temporal shifts indicating moisture changes in the past.
Published: 2014

29. More questions than answers: the Southeast Asian Lead Isotope Project 2009–2012

Author: Nigel Chang, Bérénice Bellina, Ernst Pernicka, Pranab Chattopadhyay, Vin Laychour, Andreas Reinecke, Sandrine Baron, Christophe Pottier, Jean-Pierre Pautreau, Joyce C. White, Vincent C. Pigott, Thomas Oliver Pryce, Charles Higham, Mark Pollard, Thongsa Sayavongkhamdy, Surapol Natapintu, Viengkeo Souksavatdy, Eusebio Z. Dizon, Viet Nguyen, Aung Aung Kyaw, Ian Glover, Peter Bellwood, Elizabeth G. Hamilton, Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian National University (ANU), James Cook University (JCU), Centre for Archaeological Studies and Training (CASTEI), National Museum of the Philippines, University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Department of Archaeology, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Culture and Fine arts (MCFA), Silpakorn University [Bangkok, Thaïlande], Geometry and Probability for Motion and Action (E-MOTION), Laboratoire d'informatique GRAphique, VIsion et Robotique de Grenoble (GRAVIR - IMAG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), CEZA, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, University of Pennsylvania, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO), Deutsches Archäologisches Institut (DAI), Department of national heritage, Ministry of Information and Culture, Department of Museums, Historic Buildings and Archaeology, Ministry of Information and Culture, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Silpakorn University, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], University of Oxford [Oxford], Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), and University of Oxford
Subjects: Economic integration, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, education.field_of_study, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Population, Lead isotope, 06 humanities and the arts, Present day, Consumption (sociology), Southeast asian, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Southeast Asia, Interconnectedness, Eurasian technology transmission, Geography, Economy, Cultural diversity, 0601 history and archaeology, China, education, Copper-base metal exchange, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; As in most parts of the world, ancient Southeast Asian metal production and exchange has been accorded great importance as a cultural and technological development with far-reaching economic and political impacts. Here we present the results of the Southeast Asian Lead Isotope Project's 2009–2012 research campaign, a systematic effort to empirically reconstruct regional metal exchange networks and their attendant social interactions c. 1000 BC–c. 500 AD. The study's morpho-stylistic, technological, elemental and isotopic datasets cover early metal production (minerals and slag) and consumption (Cu, Cu–Sn, Cu–Pb, Cu–Sn–Pb alloys) assemblages from thirty sites in eight countries. These data have either identified or substantiated long-range maritime and terrestrial exchange networks connecting Han China and Mauryan India with most of continental Southeast Asia. The variety and intensity of the attested metal exchange behaviours hints at a dynamic and innovative 1st millennium BC regional economy and the vibrant exchange of cultural practices amongst populations separated by thousands of kilometres. Important too is the provision of indirect evidence for intra-regional economic integration between the Southeast Asia's metal-consuming lowland majorities and metal-producing upland minorities. Southeast Asia has a comparable surface area and present day population to Europe, and thus our efforts represent only the beginning for diachronic and multi-scalar metal exchange research. However, archaeometallurgical methodologies have the potential to greatly improve our understanding of Southeast Asia's vast cultural diversity and interconnectedness. With this paper we lay the framework for such an endeavour and, we hope, define the major questions for its next phase.
Published: 2014

30. Installations de la fin du Paléolithique moyen de la Grotte Mandrin, Malataverne, (Drôme): Fouille programmée annuelle 2014, Document de synthèse

Author: Slimak, Ludovic, Brochier, Jacques, Camus, Hubert, Natàlia, Égüez, Frouin, Marine, Giraud, Yves, Higham, Thomas, Metz, Laure, Rabanit, Manon, Vandevelde, Ségolène, Yvorra, Pascale, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Processus de Transfert et d'Echanges dans l'Environnement - EA 3819 (PROTEE), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, RLAHA, SRA Rhône-Alpes, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], and University of Oxford-University of Oxford
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Published: 2014

31. First partial skeleton of a 1.34-million-year-old Paranthropus boisei from Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

Author: Manuel Domínguez-Rodrigo, Gail M. Ashley, Jason L. Heaton, Travis Rayne Pickering, Fernando Diez-Martín, Victoria C. Smith, Enrique Baquedano, Agness Gidna, Darren F. Mark, Policarpo Sánchez, Alfredo Pérez-González, Audax Mabulla, José Yravedra, David Uribelarrea, Henry T. Bunn, Doris Barboni, Charles M. Musiba, María del Carmen Arriaza, Manuel Santonja, Department of Prehistory, Complutense University, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Piscataway], Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Teeth, Hominidae, Science, Olduvai Gorge, Australopithecus, Postcrania, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Tanzania, Paleontología, Paleontology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Paleoanthropology, Dentition, Hominins, Animals, 0601 history and archaeology, Femur, Skeleton, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060101 anthropology, Multidisciplinary, biology, Fossils, 06 humanities and the arts, biology.organism_classification, Organ Specificity, Paranthropus, Medicine, Paleobiology, Paranthropus boisei, Geology, Research Article
Abstract: International audience; Recent excavations in Level 4 at BK (Bed II, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania) have yielded nine hominin teeth, a distal humerus fragment, a proximal radius with much of its shaft, a femur shaft, and a tibia shaft fragment (cataloged collectively as OH 80). Those elements identified more specifically than to simply Hominidae gen. et sp. indet are attributed to Paranthropus boisei. Before this study, incontrovertible P. boisei partial skeletons, for which postcranial remains occurred in association with taxonomically diagnostic craniodental remains, were unknown. Thus, OH 80 stands as the first unambiguous, dentally associated Paranthropus partial skeleton from East Africa. The morphology and size of its constituent parts suggest that the fossils derived from an extremely robust individual who, at 1.338±0.024 Ma (1 sigma), represents one of the most recent occurrences of Paranthropus before its extinction in East Africa.
Published: 2013

32. Context and dating of Aurignacian vulvar representations from Abri Castanet, France

Author: White, Randall, Mensan, Romain, Bourrillon, Raphaelle, Cretin, Catherine, F. G. Higham, Thomas, Clark, Amy, Sisk, Matthew, Tartar, Elise, GARDÈRE, Philippe, Goldberg, Paul, Pelegrin, J., Valladas, Hélène, Laborde, Nadine Tisnérat, Sanoit (de), Jacques, Chambellan, Dominique, Chiotti, Laurent, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford, University of Arizona, Adelphi University, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Capteurs Diamant (LCD-LIST), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Instrumentation et Capteurs (LIC), Département Imagerie et Simulation pour le Contrôle (DISC), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The research described here has been supported since 1994 by generous grants from the US National Science Foundation, the Direction Régional des Affaires Culturelles d’Aquitaine, the L. S. B. Leakey Foundation, the Reed Foundation, the Rock Foundation, the Fine Foundation, Unité Mixte Internationale 3199, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Institutefor Ice Age Studies, the Theodore Dubin Foundation, the Service Archéologique Départemental de la Dordogne, New York University, the Fyssen Foundation, the Partner University Fund, the Andrew Mellon Foundation, and the Fulbright Foundation, University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], rock engravings, Social Sciences, Ancient history, 01 natural sciences, Bone and Bones, Aurignacian, Paleolithic art, Animals, Humans, 0601 history and archaeology, Vézère Valley, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, History, Ancient, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Painting, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geography, 060102 archaeology, Fossils, Radiometric Dating, Fell, Bayes Theorem, Hominidae, Excavation, 06 humanities and the arts, vulva, Archaeology, Upper Paleolithic, France, Art
Abstract: International audience; We report here on the 2007 discovery, in perfect archaeological context, of part of the engraved and ocre-stained undersurface of the collapsed rockshelter ceiling from Abri Castanet, Dordogne, France. The decorated surface of the 1.5-t roof-collapse block was in direct contact with the exposed archaeological surface onto which it fell. Because there was no sedimentation between the engraved surface and the archaeological layer upon which it collapsed, it is clear that the Early Aurignacian occupants of the shelter were the authors of the ceiling imagery. This discovery contributes an important dimension to our understanding of the earliest graphic representation in southwestern France, almost all of which was discovered before modern methods of archaeological excavation and analysis. Comparison of the dates for the Castanet ceiling and those directly obtained from the Chauvet paintings reveal that the “vulvar” representations from southwestern France are as old or older than the very different wall images from Chauvet.
Published: 2012
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33. Bayesian modelling of an absolute chronology for Egypt's 18th Dynasty by astrophysical and radiocarbon methods

Author: Michael W. Dee, G. Pierrat-Bonnefois, É Aubourg, C. Bronk Ramsey, Anita Quiles, Christophe Moreau, B. Berthier, G Andreu-Lanoë, Emmanuelle Delqué-Količ, Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Musée du Louvre, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], and University of Oxford-University of Oxford
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Bayesian probability, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Archaeological science, law.invention, Ancient egypt, Absolute (philosophy), law, Prior probability, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chronology, Accelerator mass spectrometry
Abstract: Only a few astrophysical points and synchronisms listed in texts provide anchor points for the absolute chronology of Ancient Egypt. At first we will show how we can re-calculate some of these anchor points by using Sothic dating based on the arcus visionis method, and modelling lunar dates using a Bayesian approach. Then, we will discuss two radiocarbon studies carried out on short-lived Egyptian materials held at the Louvre Museum that could be attributed to particular reigns or other precise periods. Using a Bayesian approach, these dates were combined with the known order of succession and the lengths of reigns. Sothic and lunar dates were integrated as priors in the model. This approach has led to a new proposal for the absolute chronology of Egypt's 18th Dynasty.
Published: 2012

34. The Paleoenvironment and Lithic Taphonomy of Shi'Bat Dihya 1, a Middle Paleolithic Site in Wadi Surdud, Yemen

Author: Sitzia, Luca, Bertran, Pascal, Boulogne, Stéphane, Brenet, Michel, Crassard, Rémy, Delagnes, Anne, Frouin, Marine, Hatté, Christine, Jaubert, Jacques, Khalidi, Lamya, Messager, Erwan, Mercier, Norbert, Meunier, Alain, Peigne, Stéphane, Queffelec, Alain, Tribolo, Chantal, Macchiarelli, Roberto, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PPP, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The Shi’bat Dihya 1 site in western Yemen, dated by optically stimulated luminescence to 55 ka, provides insight into the Middle Paleolithic peopling of the Arabian Peninsula. The archaeological layer is interstratified within thick, sandy silt floodplain deposits filling a piedmont basin. Luminescence dates, lack of soil development, and gypsum precipitation indicate a high accretion rate of the floodplain during Marine Isotope Stage 3, in connection with a (semi)-arid environment. Rapid overbank sedimentation was likely a result of the remobilization of loess material deposited on the Yemeni Great Escarpment at the periphery of the adjacent Tihama coastal sand desert or of other sources. Fabric and size analyses of the lithic artifacts, together with spatial projections, indicate site modifications by floods. Primary modifications include (1) selective accumulation of medium-sized lithic pieces as a result of hydraulic sorting, (2) bimodal orientation of artifacts, and (3) ripple-like arrangement of lithics and bone/tooth fragments. The overrepresentation of teeth may also be a consequence of sorting. Although floods have distorted the original site patterning, long-distance transport of artifacts by water can be excluded, as indicated by relatively high refitting rate, close proximity of artifacts derived from the same block of raw material, and lack of abrasion of the pieces. Therefore, the site is considered “geologically” in situ because its remobilization by water occurred shortly after human abandonment. This study also stresses that the effective preservation of a site cannot be assessed without careful taphonomic study, even in a potentially favorable depositional context such as silty alluvium.
Published: 2012

35. The Rozel Shelter (France, Manche): A living floor of the youngest Middle Paleolithic in its geomorphological context

Author: van Vliet-Lanoë, Brigitte, Cliquet, Dominique, Auguste, Patrick, Folz, Elise, Keen, David, Schwenninger, Jean-Luc, Mercier, Norbert, Alix, Philippe, Roupin, Yves, Meurisse, Murielle, Seignac, Hélène, Sédimentologie et Géodynamique (FRE 2255), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Direction Régionale des Affaires Culturelles Normandie (DRAC Normandie), Laboratoire de Génétique et Evolution des Populations Végétales, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Le Bourg, 56 420 Billio, Processus et bilan des domaines sédimentaires (PBDS), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Oxford [Oxford], and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, foyers, environnement tempéré, habitat, Levallois, cer- vidés, Paléolithique moyen, quartz, débitage laminaire volumétrique, dune, plage, silex, Mots-clés : Cotentin, aurochs, morse, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: International audience; Situé sur la côte ouest du Cotentin (Manche), le site du Rozel a livré un complexe de deux niveaux d'occupations anthropiques. L'abri sous-roche conservait les vestiges d'un habitat comportant des structures de combustion, du mobilier lithique et fait exceptionnel dans le Cotentin des restes osseux. L'ensemble s'inscrit dans une formation dunaire sus-jacente à une plage ancienne. Initialement attribué à un Périgordien ancien, le site a fait l'objet d'une « relecture » visant à préciser son attribution chronostratigraphique et chronoculturelle. Le Rozel est actuellement le seul gisement de Basse-Normandie a avoir livré une industrie lithique à composante mixte. Les matières pre-mières utilisées sont le quartz filonien prélevé à l'intérieur même de l'abri, et les galets de silex prélevés dans les cordons littoraux actifs à l'époque. Les générations successives de grands cordons littoraux formés au fur et à mesure de la régression weichsélienne ont été enfouies très rapidement par le massif dunaire, ne permettant plus l'exploitation de leur contenu, riche en nodules propices à la taille. Le débitage apparaît orienté, dans les deux niveaux, vers la production d'éclats prédéterminés (principalement Levallois) et d'enlèvements allongés. Un schéma opératoire laminaire de type paléolithique supérieur a été mis en évidence dans le niveau supérieur, lié à l'occupation principale de l'abri. Le site intègre l'ensemble des gisements à industrie laminaire de gestion volumétrique du début du Dernier Glaciaire. La faune représentée témoigne de conditions environnementales plutôt tempérées où l'aurochs, les cervidés et dans une moindre mesure les chevaux dominent. L'originalité du site réside dans la présence d'un fragment mandibulaire de morse, associé à l'occupation, témoignant de conditions subarctiques temporaires. L'analyse des vestiges de faune atteste de travaux de boucherie (découpe, fracturation des os longs) et traduit diffé-rents modes d'acquisition, ou des traitements particuliers en fonction des espèces. La convergence des observations effectuées dans les différentes disciplines indique que les occupations du site du Rozel se rapportent à la phase récente du Paléolithique moyen du début du dernier glaciaire weichselien et non au Paléolithique supérieur initial. ABSTRACT THE ROZEL SHELTER (FRANCE, MANCHE) : A LIVING FLOOR OF THE YOUNGEST MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC IN ITS GEOMORPHOLOGICAL CONTEXT Located on the Western coast, the Rozel provided an archaeological complex characterized by two occupation levels. The shelter has preserved traces of a habitat with combustion structures, lithic tools, and faunal remains, an exception on the Cotentin peninsula. The settlement is located in littoral dune upon a complex raised beach. Initially attributed to an Early Perigordian occupation, this site has been reinvestigated from a stratigraphic and cultural point of view. The Rozel shelter is the only occupation in the region presenting a mixed lithic industry. The raw materials used for tools are vein quartz found inside the
Published: 2006

36. The middle palaeolithic record of Georgia: A synthesis of the technological, economic and paleoanthropological aspects

Author: Moncel, M. -H, Pleurdeau, D., Pinhasi, R., Yeshurun, R., Agapishvili, T., Chevalier, T., Lebourdonnec, F. -X, Poupeau, G., sebastien nomade, Jennings, R., Higham, T., Tushubramishvili, N., Lordkipanidze, D., Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), School of Archaeology, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Smithsonian Institution, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology, University College of London [London] (UCL), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford [Oxford], The National Museum of Georgia, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Ilia State University [Tbilisi], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, University of Oxford, Zinman Institute of Archaeology [Haifa], University of Haifa [Haifa], and Centre européen de recherches préhistoriques de Tautavel
Subjects: Technology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Palaeoanthropology, Middle Palaeolithic, Economy, South Caucasus Georgia, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents an overview of the work carried out over the last decade on the Middle Palaeolithic of Georgia by a Georgian-French team, co-directed by the national Museums of Georgia and France. Since 2000, the importance of several Middle Palaeolithic key sites in the Rioni-Kvririla Basin (western Georgia) has been highlighted by this collaboration. Southern Caucasus/Transcaucasia was occupied by human groups throughout the Pleistocene. This is to some extent due to its geographic position at the crossroads of Europe, Asia and Africa, as well as the fact that the region offered a rich variety of ecological niches to hominin populations. The southern flanks of the Great Caucasus mountain range is an area particularly rich in Palaeolithic sites, which have revealed evidence of the local evolution of some regionally-specific Palaeolithic traditions, as well as broader regional influences, particularly in relation to the Levant. The archaeological record of these sites demonstrates the need for further investigation into the relationship between environmental and cultural changes in order to enhance our understanding of the role of the Caucasus Mountains during the Palaeolithic.

37. Installations de la fin du Paléolithique moyen de la Grotte Mandrin, Malataverne, (Drôme). Fouille programmée triennale 2015-2017. Rapport de synthèse

Author: Ludovic Slimak, Belkacem, D., Fabienne Belles, Adelphine Bonneau, Jacques Brochier, Jean-Philip Brugal, Mike Buckley, Hubert Camus, Coqueugniot, H., Silvana Condemi, Evelyne Crégut-Bonnoure, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Desmars, A., Morteza Djamali, Olivier Dutour, Marine Frouin, Yves Giraud, Michel Grenet, Tom Higham, François Lacrampe-Cuyaubère, Benoît Longet, Manasij Pal Chowdhury, Roy Wogelius, Mercier, N., Laure Metz, Xavier Muth, Andaine Seguin-Orlando, Orlando, L., Manon Rabanit, Audrey Roussel, Jean-Luc Schwenninger, Sikora, M., Ségolène Vandevelde, Eske Willerslev, Pascale Yvorra, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum Requien, Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, SARL Archéosphère, Department of Anthropology [Havard University], Harvard University [Cambridge], Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Processus de Transfert et d'Echanges dans l'Environnement - EA 3819 (PROTEE), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Service Régional de l’Archéologie Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Harvard University, and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory

38. Age estimates for hominin fossils and the onset of the Upper Palaeolithic at Denisova Cave

Author: Higham, Thomas, Douka, Katerina, Slon, Viviane, Jacobs, Zenobia, Ramsey, Christopher, Mafessoni, Fabrizio, Kozlikin, Maxim, Li, Bo, Comeskey, Daniel, Thibaut Devièse, Brown, Samantha, Viola, Bence, Buckley, Michael, Meyer, Matthias, Roberts, Richard, Paabo, Svante, Derevianko, Anatoly, Shunkov, Michael, Kelso, Janet, University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Wollongong [Australia], Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEES), University of Manchester [Manchester], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Oxford, School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, This research was funded by the European Research Council, The Max Planck Society, the Russian Science Foundation and the Royal Society., and Devièse, Thibaut
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: 88th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physical-Anthropologists (AAPA), Cleveland, OH, MAR 27-30, 2019; International audience; Denisova Cave is a key site in understanding the complex relationships between hominin groups inhabiting Eurasia over the last 300,000 years. DNA evidence has shown the presence of a hitherto unknown hominin: the “Denisovans”. High coverage genomes from Neanderthal and Denisovan fossils found at the cave provide evidence for mixture between the two groups. Determining the age of these fossils is important if we are to understand the nature of hominin interaction, as well as aspects of their cultural and subsistence adaptation. We obtained 50 new radiocarbon dates from the site covering the end of the Middle and start of the Upper Palaeolithic periods. We used a Bayesian age modelling approach combining chronometric (radiocarbon and optical ages), stratigraphic and genetic (separation times estimated from deeply-sequenced genomes) data. Our age estimates provide robust estimates for fossils in the site. Between ~140–110000 years ago both Neanderthals and Denisovans overlapped. Denisova 11, the direct offspring of a Denisovan and a Neanderthal, falls just after this interval, ~110-90000 years ago. The Denisova 3 phalanx predates the radiocarbon limit at 56,400–67,600 years ago. Dates of pierced tooth ornaments and bone points from the upper layers yielded the earliest evidence for the production of such artefacts in Eurasia, at c. 48–45,000 years ago. Based on present archaeological evidence, these artefacts may have been produced by Denisovan people. Whether anatomically modern humans (AMH) were involved is not possible to determine at present because their remains have not yet been identified in the Altai region.

39. Genetic diversity, distribution and domestication history of the neglected GGA t A t genepool of wheat.

Author: Badaeva ED, Konovalov FA, Knüpffer H, Fricano A, Ruban AS, Kehel Z, Zoshchuk SA, Surzhikov SA, Neumann K, Graner A, Hammer K, Filatenko A, Bogaard A, Jones G, Özkan H, and Kilian B
Subjects: Genetic Variation, Phenotype, Plant Breeding, Tetraploidy, Domestication, Triticum genetics
Abstract: Key Message: We present a comprehensive survey of cytogenetic and genomic diversity of the GGA t A t genepool of wheat, thereby unlocking these plant genetic resources for wheat improvement. Wheat yields are stagnating around the world and new sources of genes for resistance or tolerances to abiotic traits are required. In this context, the tetraploid wheat wild relatives are among the key candidates for wheat improvement. Despite its potential huge value for wheat breeding, the tetraploid GGA t A t genepool is largely neglected. Understanding the population structure, native distribution range, intraspecific variation of the entire tetraploid GGA t A t genepool and its domestication history would further its use for wheat improvement. The paper provides the first comprehensive survey of genomic and cytogenetic diversity sampling the full breadth and depth of the tetraploid GGA t A t genepool. According to the results obtained, the extant GGA t A t genepool consists of three distinct lineages. We provide detailed insights into the cytogenetic composition of GGA t A t wheats, revealed group- and population-specific markers and show that chromosomal rearrangements play an important role in intraspecific diversity of T. araraticum. The origin and domestication history of the GGA t A t lineages is discussed in the context of state-of-the-art archaeobotanical finds. We shed new light on the complex evolutionary history of the GGA t A t wheat genepool and provide the basis for an increased use of the GGA t A t wheat genepool for wheat improvement. The findings have implications for our understanding of the origins of agriculture in southwest Asia., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
Published: 2022
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40. Correction to: Genetic diversity, distribution and domestication history of the neglected GGA t A t genepool of wheat.

Author: Badaeva ED, Konovalov FA, Knüpffer H, Fricano A, Ruban AS, Kehel Z, Zoshchuk SA, Surzhikov SA, Neumann K, Graner A, Hammer K, Filatenko A, Bogaard A, Jones G, Özkan H, and Kilian B
Published: 2021
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41. What do "barbarians" eat? Integrating ceramic use-wear and residue analysis in the study of food and society at the margins of Bronze Age China.

Author: Taché K, Jaffe Y, Craig OE, Lucquin A, Zhou J, Wang H, Jiang S, Standall E, and Flad RK
Subjects: Archaeology, Carbon Isotopes analysis, Ceramics history, China, Food classification, Food history, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, History, Ancient, Humans, Nitrogen Isotopes analysis, Ceramics chemistry, Cooking and Eating Utensils history, Dairy Products analysis, Millets genetics
Abstract: The Siwa archaeological culture (ca. 3350 and 2650 cal yr BP) has often been associated with the tribes referenced in textual sources as Qiang and Rong: prized captives commonly sacrificed by the Shang and marauding hordes who toppled the Western Zhou dynasty. In early Chinese writings, food plays a key role in accentuating the 'sino-barbarian' dichotomy believed to have taken root over 3000 years ago, with the Qiang and Rong described as nomadic pastoralists who consumed more meat than grain and knew little of proper dining etiquette. To date, however, little direct archaeological evidence has allowed us to reconstruct the diet and foodways of the groups who occupied the Loess Plateau during this pivotal period. Here we present the results of the first ceramic use-wear study performed on the Siwa ma'an jars from the site of Zhanqi, combined with the molecular and isotopic characterization of lipid residues from foodcrusts, and evidence from experimental cooking. We report molecular data indicating the preparation of meals composed of millet and ruminant dairy among the Siwa community of Zhanqi. Use-wear analysis shows that Zhanqi community members were sophisticated creators of ceramic equipment, the ma'an cooking pot, which allowed them to prepare a wide number of dishes with limited fuel. These findings support recent isotope studies at Zhanqi as well as nuance the centrality of meat in the Siwa period diet., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Published: 2021
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42. Close Companions? A Zooarchaeological Study of the Human-Cattle Relationship in Medieval England.

Author: Holmes M, Hamerow H, and Thomas R
Abstract: Across medieval Europe, cattle commanded a major, if shifting, economic and social value, and their use for meat, milk, and traction is well established. Although the changing roles of cattle throughout this period may have influenced relationships between humans and cattle, this has been largely neglected in historical and zooarchaeological studies. Data from nearly 700 archaeological assemblages of animal remains have been used to provide an overview of the herd structures (age and sex) of cattle populations for England between AD 450 and 1400. These have been analysed alongside pathological and sub-pathological changes in over 2800 lower limb bones of cattle from seventeen archaeological sites to provide a better understanding of the use of cattle for ploughing, hauling, and carting. The findings were considered alongside historical documents and ethnographic evidence to chart changing human-cattle relationships. Results indicate that human-cattle relations varied with changing economic, agricultural, and social practices. From the mid-fifth century, cattle were a form of portable wealth, however, by the mid-ninth century, they were perceived as a commodity with monetary value. From this period, close human-cattle bonds are likely to have been widespread between plough hands and working animals. Such bonds are may have diminished with the increasing number of young beef cattle kept to supply the urban population from the mid-eleventh century.
Published: 2021
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43. Radiocarbon re-dating of contact-era Iroquoian history in northeastern North America.

Author: Manning SW, Birch J, Conger MA, Dee MW, Griggs C, Hadden CS, Hogg AG, Ramsey CB, Sanft S, Steier P, and Wild EM
Abstract: A time frame for late Iroquoian prehistory is firmly established on the basis of the presence/absence of European trade goods and other archeological indicators. However, independent dating evidence is lacking. We use 86 radiocarbon measurements to test and (re)define existing chronological understanding. Warminster, often associated with Cahiagué visited by S. de Champlain in 1615-1616 CE, yields a compatible radiocarbon-based age. However, a well-known late prehistoric site sequence in southern Ontario, Draper-Spang-Mantle, usually dated ~1450-1550, yields much later radiocarbon-based dates of ~1530-1615. The revised time frame dramatically rewrites 16th-century contact-era history in this region. Key processes of violent conflict, community coalescence, and the introduction of European goods all happened much later and more rapidly than previously assumed. Our results suggest the need to reconsider current understandings of contact-era dynamics across northeastern North America.
Published: 2018
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44. Tongues on the EDGE: language preservation priorities based on threat and lexical distinctiveness.

Author: Perrault N, Farrell MJ, and Davies TJ
Abstract: Languages are being lost at rates exceeding the global loss of biodiversity. With the extinction of a language we lose irreplaceable dimensions of culture and the insight it provides on human history and the evolution of linguistic diversity. When setting conservation goals, biologists give higher priority to species likely to go extinct. Recent methods now integrate information on species evolutionary relationships to prioritize the conservation of those with a few close relatives. Advances in the construction of language trees allow us to use these methods to develop language preservation priorities that minimize loss of linguistic diversity. The evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered (EDGE) metric, used in conservation biology, accounts for a species' originality (evolutionary distinctiveness-ED) and its likelihood of extinction (global endangerment-GE). Here, we use a similar framework to inform priorities for language preservation by generating rankings for 350 Austronesian languages. Kavalan, Tanibili, Waropen and Sengseng obtained the highest EDGE scores, while Xârâcùù (Canala), Nengone and Palauan are among the most linguistically distinct, but are not currently threatened. We further provide a way of dealing with incomplete trees, a common issue for both species and language trees., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests, financial or otherwise.
Published: 2017
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45. The men of Nelson's navy: a comparative stable isotope dietary study of late 18th century and early 19th century servicemen from Royal Naval Hospital burial grounds at Plymouth and Gosport, England.

Author: Roberts P, Weston S, Wild B, Boston C, Ditchfield P, Shortland AJ, and Pollard AM
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Anthropology, Physical, Carbon Isotopes analysis, Cemeteries, England, Femur chemistry, History, 16th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, Humans, Male, North America, Ribs chemistry, Tooth chemistry, Diet history, Military Personnel history
Abstract: We present stable isotopic analyses of collagen from 80 servicemen excavated from the late 18th/early 19th century naval hospitals at Plymouth (50) and Haslar, Gosport (30) in southern England. Historical records suggest that, the diets of these two populations should be essentially identical. While δ(15) N of the rib collagen confirmed that naval servicemen were relatively well-catered for in terms of meat allowance (Plymouth average δ(15) N = 11.1‰, Gosport = 11.9‰), stable carbon isotope analysis produced average values for the two assemblages, which were significantly different (Plymouth average δ(13) C = -18.8‰, Gosport = -20.0‰). We postulate that these differences stem from divergent naval postings, with a greater proportion of Plymouth individuals serving in areas that entailed a greater input of C(4) foodstuffs. By comparison with published data from approximately contemporary burials at Snake Hill, Ontario, Canada and Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, we suggest that this area is the east coast of North America. For 15 of the 30 individuals from Gosport, we have data on ribs, femur, and dentine from the same skeleton, which appear to show that they came from a variety of locations in their preadolescence, but converged in dietary terms onto a "naval average," which is consistent with historical evidence for recruitment patterns into the Navy at the time. By comparison with published data from skeletons recovered from the wreck of the Mary Rose (sank 1545), we conclude that this naval diet was virtually unchanged from the 16th century to the end of the 18th century., (Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
Published: 2012
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