1. Excessive Gestational Weight Gain, independent of BMI, is associated with Child Fat Mass Index at age 2 years in the Glowing Study.
- Author
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Ballard M, Saben JL, Krukowski RA, Børsheim E, Sims CR, Samuel H, Jansen L, and Andres A
- Abstract
Background: Excessive gestational weight gain (eGWG) increases risk for pregnancy complications and future obesity for pregnant persons and children. Yet, it is unclear whether eGWG leads to higher child adiposity at 2 years, independent of pregnant person's body mass index while considering important covariates. Moreover, understanding the characteristics of pregnant persons experiencing eGWG will help design future targeted interventions., Objective: The objectives of the analyses were to assess the association between eGWG and childhood adiposity at 2-years-old, while controlling for pregnant persons' body mass index (BMI) and other important covariates and to describe the characteristics of pregnant persons who experience eGWG during their second pregnancy., Design: This is a secondary analysis of 221 pregnant persons and their 2-year-old children who were enrolled in the Glowing longitudinal observational study., Participants/setting: Participants were recruited between 2011- 2014 in central Arkansas. Participants were secundigravida persons with BMIs 18.5-35kg/m2, >20 years old, and who conceived without assistance., Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measure was 2-year-old fat mass index measured by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance. Secondary outcomes included: first pregnancy gestational weight gain (GWG), dietary and physical activity characteristics in between pregnancies, second pregnancy nausea levels, and motivation level to adhere to the GWG guidelines., Statistical Analysis Performed: Multivariable regression analyses were used to examine the associations between GWG and childhood fat mass index at 2 years of age. Pearson correlations and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to identify the characteristics of pregnant persons who experienced eGWG., Results: Pregnant persons' eGWG (β = 0.503, P =0.03) was positively associated with child adiposity at age 2 years independent of maternal BMI (P = 0.3). Pregnant persons who experienced eGWG during their second pregnancy had greater odds of: eGWG in first pregnancies (OR = 7.5; P <0.001), dieting behavior (OR = 14.3; P =0.02), and low motivation to adhere to the GWG guidelines (OR = 11.2; P =0.009). Fewer participants had eGWG in their second pregnancy (52.5 %) compared to their first pregnancy (66.8%) which was different by BMI groups (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2: 23.6% decrease in participants who gained eGWG, BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2: 20.0% decrease, and BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2: 37.9% decrease)., Conclusions: EGWG among pregnant persons is associated with child adiposity at age 2-years. Pregnant persons who experienced eGWG during their second pregnancy reported low motivation to gain weight within guidelines, eGWG in first pregnancy, and reported prior dieting behavior. Future research focusing on patients with these characteristics may increase success of interventions designed to limit eGWG., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2024
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