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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studies on the impact of human agricultural activities on the soil microbiome and soil quality are extremely important, but such studies on floodplains in river valleys are lacking. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the impact of blackcurrant cultivation on Fluvisols located in the Vistula River valley (Poland). The dehydrogenases (DHa) and phosphatases (acid-AcP, and alkaline-AlP) activities, carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) contents of the microbial biomass, the metabolic potential of the microbial community (EcoPlate™ Biolog) and taxonomic diversity of the soil microbiome were determined (next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA gene). Enzymatic activity and metabolic potential and diversity (EcoPlate™) were higher in the soils from meadows, but MBC and MBN and biodiversity indices derived from NGS were higher in the cultivated soils. It can be confirmed that human activities affect the physicochemical, biological and microbiological parameters of Fluvisols. This may indicate that microorganisms are numerically more abundant and taxonomically more diverse in the cultivated soils, but are more active in the soils from meadows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To gain a better understanding of the sources and ecological effects of plastic contamination in Lithuanian rivers, as well as to provide guidance for mitigation, monitoring is necessary. This is a logistically and financially demanding endeavor, particularly in the case of microplastics. Citizen science provides a viable option for sampling sites that are accessible, thus enabling the monitoring of wide areas. In Lithuania, a citizen science approach was employed, with schoolchildren examining litter at riversides and identifying potential sources at 24 sampling sites in Autumn 2022 and 32 in Spring 2023, covering both large and small rivers. The maximum amount of 220 items per location was registered in Autumn 2022, whereas 111 items per location were registered in Spring 2023. The two main types of microlitter discovered were plastic (34–42%) and cigarette butts (17–22%), with glass, paper, and metal also present, which suggests that recreational visitors are the main source of litter. By K-means clustering analysis, all locations were divided into four clusters according to litter composition. To sum up, the findings of this study illustrate the importance of citizen science in providing insight into the contamination of Lithuanian rivers, which can be used to inform the development of conservation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stunting, or linear growth failure, is defined by a height-for-age z-score of below -2SD according to WHO growth standard. Stunting can have short-, medium-, and long-term consequences. Rivers have an important role in human life. In several riverside areas, households still depend on the river for their livelihoods and health. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of stunting in children living by the riverside and its related factors. Methods: Epidemiological studies published from PUBMED, MEDLINE via EBSCOHost, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Research Gate databases were systematically searched. The publication period was not restricted. Only open-access and English articles were examined. Results: A total of 20 from 1200 studies were reviewed. The prevalence of stunting ranged from 20% to 48.3%. The other outcomes besides stunting were wasting and underweight status. There were 83 risk factors studied, and the most studied variables were age, gender, diarrhoea, water source, parent's education, immunisation, and inappropriate complementary feeding practices (6 to 13 studies). Household water sources from rivers and economic status were consistently correlated with stunting. Majority of the risk factors studied were related to nutrition. From the environmental aspect, the most studied risk factors were water sources and sanitation. Conclusion: Children living by the riverside face a significant risk of stunting attributed to the consistent correlation between household water sources from rivers and economic status, affecting various aspects of daily life beyond drinking water. Future research is needed to examine the impact of environmental factors and the behaviours of riverside communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

River corridors, acknowledged as "blue-green infrastructure," have gained increasing attention due to their potential benefits on individual quality of life and social well-being in urban areas. However, there remains a lack of a comprehensive synthesis of evidence through a systematic literature review on the usage and associated constraints of urban river corridors. The paper aims to systematically review those attributes that influence the usage of urban river corridors and to analyse their complex interactions from a socio-ecological perspective. Results comprise an overview of the reviewed literature, including authorship, journal, geographical distribution, sample characteristics, data collection and analysis methods, and critical findings. Fifty-nine peer-reviewed papers published between 2012 and 2023 met the authors' inclusion criteria. The findings highlight the significant influence of individual, social, and physical factors on the usage of urban river corridors. Additionally, time reason also impact users' decisions regarding the usage of urban river corridors. Finally, a conceptual framework was proposed to guide urban planners, designers, and policymakers in enhancing urban river corridors' design and management standards, ultimately creating a sustainable, resilient, and inclusive leisure space catering to diverse needs.

Riverine environments play a crucial role in maintaining the stability of river ecosystems as well as biodiversity. Furthermore, the appropriate management of small rivers has a significant impact not only on stable water supplies but also on water resource management. Wide monitoring of the riverside environment including land covers and their changes is an important issue in water resource management. This study aims to develop a high-resolution (10 m) model for classifying riverside land cover by integrating Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data and terrestrial characteristics using machine learning algorithms. We constructed a total of 3,284 landcover reference point datasets near the four major rivers of South Korea with five classes: water, barren, grass, forest, and built-up. The Random Forest and Light Gradient Boosting Machine classification models were developed using eight input variables derived from SAR signal and digital terrain data. The models showed an overall cross-validation accuracy exceeding 80% while maintaining consistent spatial distributions, except for the barren class. The false alarms on barren would be corrected through additional sampling processes and incorporating optical characteristics in further study. The high-resolution riverside land cover maps are expected to contribute to the establishment of a comprehensive management system for water resources such as riverside land cover change detection, river ecosystem monitoring, and flood hazard management. Furthermore, the utilization of the next generation medium satellite 5 (C-band SAR) would improve the performance of riverside land cover classification algorithm in the future.

This report chronicles the most significant findings from more than two years of research with the people of the Inland Empire — the two-county region of Southern California consisting of San Bernardino and Riverside counties, often identified as a periphery “at the margins” in relation to Los Angeles. This research seeks to understand prevailing beliefs, opinions, and narratives across different demographic subgroups in the region on topics including intergroup relations, the idea of community, economic opportunity and inequality, the role of government, and civic participation.

Background: Only 20% of households lack access to soap and water facilities for handwashing at home, they wash their hand without soap. A recent study indicates that nearly 70% of 20,000 household drinking water sources tested in Indonesia are contaminated with fecal waste, which is also a leading cause of diarrhea and infant mortality. The implementation of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) practices stands as a tangible step in transforming community behavior and aligns with the clean and healthy living patterns. Materials and Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional study design with the target population being all households in Sungai Pinang Luar Subdistrict, Samarinda Kota. The sample size consisted of 90 households, selected using the Stratified Random Sampling. Result: The results of univariate analysis revealed that the majority of the community had a moderate level of knowledge at 50%, while the behavior of the community fell into the low category at 54%, and the application of WASH was also categorized as low at 78%. The bivariate analysis results conducted on the relationship between knowledge and WASH application yielded a p-value of 0.880, while for behavior and WASH application, the obtained p-value was 0.916. Conclusion: The test results indicate that there is no correlation between the level of knowledge and behavior towards the implementation of WASH among the communities living along the Karang Mumus River banks in the Samarinda Kota Subdistrict. It is hoped that the community can enhance their knowledge, behavior, and pay more attention to cleanliness as well as the implementation of WASH in their daily lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of the nineteenth century, the US government established a system of off-reservation boarding schools in an effort to assimilate Indigenous youth into the American nation-state. Music emerged as one of the most enduring strategies that these schools employed to reshape the cultural sensibilities of young Native Americans. A lively music culture could be found, for instance, at Sherman Institute in Riverside, California, which was home to a marching band and dozens of other music groups throughout its history. Although school officials created these institutions for the purposes of assimilation and cultural genocide, this music program often had a more ambiguous place in the lives of students. To understand the role of music within Sherman Institute during the early twentieth century, this article examines the school’s marching band and the place of Indigenous cultural expression. While the school had students march to the beat of civilization, young Native Americans found various strategies to combat assimilation using the same instruments. At the same time, they also used the cultures of their communities to navigate life in an environment that the government created to destroy those very cultures.

Riverside settlement in the Lower Badur Bawah area, precisely along the deli river in Hamdan village, Medan Maimoon sub-district , are one of the slum settlements being unorganized and densely populatade and the disposal of household waste water is not in place which makes this area prone to slum. Therefore, it is necessary to revitalize the area with land consolidation method in order to create a healthy and comfortable encironmental area in accordance with the social, economic, and cultural conditions of the surrounding community but do not forget the regulations that apply in the city of Medan. This research was conducted by conducting interviews with stakeholders and field observations by observing the behavior and activities of the residents of Badur bawah to produce a physical desription of the exixting settlements. Based on the results of observations, it was found that the characteristics of residential residents showed the orientation of the building back to the river, the lack of sewerage and the lack of public space and open space areas. The solution to the existing problems through consolidation of regional land by providing decent housing in accordance with the needs and income of the population and utilizing the river border as a open space that can be used as an area of social activity between residents to strengthen a sense of togetherness so that a sense of protecting, maintaining security and evironmental comfort, especially the cleanliness of the Deli river.

Studies on the impact of human agricultural activities on the soil microbiome and soil quality are extremely important, but such studies on floodplains in river valleys are lacking. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine the impact of blackcurrant cultivation on Fluvisols located in the Vistula River valley (Poland). The dehydrogenases (DHa) and phosphatases (acid-AcP, and alkaline-AlP) activities, carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) contents of the microbial biomass, the metabolic potential of the microbial community (EcoPlate™ Biolog) and taxonomic diversity of the soil microbiome were determined (next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the 16S rRNA gene). Enzymatic activity and metabolic potential and diversity (EcoPlate™) were higher in the soils from meadows, but MBC and MBN and biodiversity indices derived from NGS were higher in the cultivated soils. It can be confirmed that human activities affect the physicochemical, biological and microbiological parameters of Fluvisols. This may indicate that microorganisms are numerically more abundant and taxonomically more diverse in the cultivated soils, but are more active in the soils from meadows.

The Mojave Region preserves a rich and continuous Miocene mammal-fossil record that formed during a time of significant tectonic activity and climate change. We will visit exposures of the Crowder, Cajon Valley, and Barstow formations to look at the evolution of three different sedimentary basins through the middle Miocene. Participants will learn how depositional environments and habitats changed through time in relation to tectonics and climate and how they influenced patterns of mammal diversity and biostratigraphy.

Program and Abstract volume for the 11th North American Paleontological Conference, June 23-27, 2019, Riverside, CA.

City riverbanks usually have great landscape value and are iconic public spaces. However, there are many cities with large abandoned industrial buildings, such as power plants, on their riverbanks. Such buildings run the risk of being demolished in order to recover the surrounding natural landscape, despite having an important presence in the collective memory of the citizens and in the history of the city. This article seeks to analyse the reuse and refurbishment of industrial power plants on riversides from a modern artistic/recreational approach in order to restore and enhance the landscape value of the site by regenerating the environs and turning them into hubs of activity. Two case studies from different locations are considered in order to extract the information. A methodology is used that allows us to analyse and study a complex reality in a straightforward, concise and direct way. That means it can be used by many agents currently involved in those reuse processes to compare and to monitor the different cases over time. This research has sought to highlight the power plant typology, its relationship with the riverside, and subsequently, to extrapolate the criteria used to study other industrial buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive urbanization and global warming are impacting the health and well-being of urban population. Nevertheless, urban environments with different designs will have different micro and local climate conditions. This study used data from micrometeorological measurements performed in different urban spaces (downtown, urban park, riverside) in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, on hot summer days in June 2021. Air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and globe temperature were measured and Mean Radiant Temperature (Tmrt), Psychologically Equivalent Temperature (PET), and modified Psychologically Equivalent Temperature (mPET) were calculated for each location. Results show that the downtown is the most uncomfortable area in terms of the highest TA, Tg, Tmrt, PET, and mPET values registered at this location. The urban park is the most comfortable area with the lowest values of Tg, Tmrt, PET, and mPET. Relative humidity is the highest at the riverside and the lowest in downtown. Furthermore, riverside had lower average TA during summer daytime compared to urban park and downtown likely due to the synergy between river cooling effect (evaporation and sensible heat transfer) and tree shade.

The southernmost populations of Salix humboltiana are located in the Chubut River area of Argentina. However, its distribution area in the longitudinal and transverse gradient of the river system, the density of individuals, and the structure of the populations, among other aspects, are still unknown. A survey of S. humboldtiana and its hybrids with the invasive willow Salix x fragilis was carried out in the upper and middle courses of the Chubut River. For each individual greater than 5 cm DBH, location, sex, diameter, height, canopy status and hydro-geomorphological context were recorded. The DBH/height relationship, sex ratio, natural hybridization frequencies, and the relationship between DBH, height and canopy status with the different hydro-geomorphological elements and their activity (functional / afunctional) were analyzed. 41 populations with a total of 492 individuals of S. humboldtiana were recorded between Costa del Chubut and Paso de Indios. S. humboldtiana sapling recruitment was exclusively associated with functional hydrogeomorphological elements. 12 % of the populations presented a balanced sex ratio, and 2.5 % of individuals were female hybrids between S. humboldtiana and S. x fragilis. Hybridizations with S. x fragilis contribute to a process of gene dilution and degradation of S. humboldtiana populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is still a lot of use of the floodgates in the main hole to drain the residential water into the river is still operated manually by someone in charge of opening and closing the floodgates. It is less efficient and often happens to the operator, so the water overflows and can lead to flooding. In this final task, a prototype of an early flood detection system and the automation of sewerage in a settlement located on the riverbanks. The control of floodgates on the main hole works automatically according to the signal from a sensor that reads the state of the water level. Main hole floodgates will work when the river water enters it at a specific limit that sensors will read and provide information on the level of river water in it to someone via WhatsApp to prevent river water from entering the settlement. When the main hole door is closed automatically, the residential water flow will be directed to a temporary reservoir. When the temporary reservoir is full, the sensor will signal to activate the discharge pump that will be discharged into the river to dispose of the water in the reservoir. The design and testing of flood early detection prototype tools and residential water disposal automation can work well by the design principle.

Human populations interact with natural ecosystems and develop practices for the use of natural resources and from their daily experiments generate empirical knowledge. The research aimed to systematize the knowledge about the açaí ethnovarieties present in the Abaetetuba Islands PA and the management carried out by riverside dwellers in the floodplain areas with native açaizais to contribute to the dialogue between technical assistance agents and the riverside residents. In the surveyed islands, three black, white and one ethnovarieties were identified. The description of ethnovarieties was carried out based on the ethnodescriptors commonly used by riverside dwellers. The research located the origin of the genetic resources of the three ethnovarieties of açaí and this information can be used by research and technical assistance as an instrument of genetic conservation on farm. It was found that the riverside inhabitants of the main açaí producing islands in the municipality of Abaetetuba are not receiving technical assistance to carry out the management of the açaizais. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of this study was to evaluate avian assemblages in four different land types (Wetland Associated Bamboo Forest, Agricultural Land, Wetland Associated Agricultural Land and Riverside Agricultural Land) located in a flood prone area of South Bengal during the post monsoon months of 2020. Surveys were conducted for 48 days in a land type and time dependent manner to explore the changes in abundance, dominance, evenness and species richness. A total of 18654 observations belonging to 16 orders, 44 families, 70 genera and 81 species were recorded. Despite having lowest total count and third species rich area, Bamboo Forest emerged as the most diverse area with the highest Shannon index (3.37), Evenness index (0.4616) and lowest dominance index (0.06108). Bamboo forests exhibited the maximum values of Simpson 1-D (0.9389), Brillouin index (3.312), Menhinick Index (1.261), Equitability (0.8134) and alpha diversity (Fisher's alpha 11.74). Having maximum number of species occurrence (69), Riverside agricultural land was found to be the least diverse land type (Shannon index 2.847) showing highest value of dominance (0.1203). December attracted the most diverse (Shannon index 3.474) bird community and October showed the lowest value of Shannon index (2.919) with maximum value of dominance (0.123). We conclude that protection of natural habitats like bamboo forests, wetland and tree cover in small villages and proper management of agricultural lands is necessary for promoting species diversity and evenness in a rural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Banjarmasin is the capital city of South Borneo province which known as city of one thousand rivers. But nowadays the expansion of riverside localities of Banjarmasin are uncontrolled and almost all of the areas are slums. Slum areas riverside commonly formed by many unorganized building that exceed the river’s borderline and the riverside localities’ behaviors such as throwing the garbage and taking a bath at the river. Our government now focused on handling program to overcome the expansion of riverside slum areas by 100-0-100 movement which means 100% for the water service, 0% for slum area expansion and 100% for sanitation accessibility. Data analysis was descriptive qualitative method with case study approach. Data were collected with observation, questionnaire and interview. Sampling technique was simple random sampling for sample in research location. Result shows that the dominant factors of slum areas at Kelayan riverside are unorganized buildings, uncontrolled garbage and waste management.

The primary goal of this study was to evaluate avian assemblages in four different land types (Wetland Associated Bamboo Forest, Agricultural Land, Wetland Associated Agricultural Land and Riverside Agricultural Land) located in a flood prone area of South Bengal during the post monsoon months of 2020. Surveys were conducted for 48 days in a land type and time dependent manner to explore the changes in abundance, dominance, evenness and species richness. A total of 18654 observations belonging to 16 orders, 44 families, 70 genera and 81 species were recorded. Despite having lowest total count and third species rich area, Bamboo Forest emerged as the most diverse area with the highest Shannon index (3.37), Evenness index (0.4616) and lowest dominance index (0.06108). Bamboo forests exhibited the maximum values of Simpson 1-D (0.9389), Brillouin index (3.312), Menhinick Index (1.261), Equitability (0.8134) and alpha diversity (Fisher’s alpha 11.74). Having maximum number of species occurrence (69), Riverside agricultural land was found to be the least diverse land type (Shannon index 2.847) showing highest value of dominance (0.1203). December attracted the most diverse (Shannon index 3.474) bird community and October showed the lowest value of Shannon index (2.919) with maximum value of dominance (0.123). We conclude that protection of natural habitats like bamboo forests, wetland and tree cover in small villages and proper management of agricultural lands is necessary for promoting species diversity and evenness in a rural environment.

City riverbanks usually have great landscape value and are iconic public spaces. However, there are many cities with large abandoned industrial buildings, such as power plants, on their riverbanks. Such buildings run the risk of being demolished in order to recover the surrounding natural landscape, despite having an important presence in the collective memory of the citizens and in the history of the city. This article seeks to analyse the reuse and refurbishment of industrial power plants on riversides from a modern artistic/recreational approach in order to restore and enhance the landscape value of the site by regenerating the environs and turning them into hubs of activity. Two case studies from different locations are considered in order to extract the information. A methodology is used that allows us to analyse and study a complex reality in a straightforward, concise and direct way. That means it can be used by many agents currently involved in those reuse processes to compare and to monitor the different cases over time. This research has sought to highlight the power plant typology, its relationship with the riverside, and subsequently, to extrapolate the criteria used to study other industrial buildings.

The article identifies the vulnerabilities to access to water in the high course of the Paraíba River Basin, more precisely, in the respective municipalities of Monteiro, Camalaú, Caraúbas and São Domingos do Cariri. Field research was carried out, the preliminary project of which was submitted to the ethics committee of the Federal University of Campina Grande- UFCG and approved, with the process number: 4,818,352. This is research with observation in locus of descriptive exploratory. Social questionnaires were applied in the municipalities and communities of Monteiro: Riacho Verde (3), Espírito Santo (3), Bredo (3) Pocinhos (1). In the municipality of Camalaú: João Mendes (1) Floresta (4) Cangalha (2) Palmatória (1) Beira Rio (1) Eldorado dos Carajás (1). In the municipality of São Domingos do Cariri: Boqueirão de São Domingos do Cariri (6), Pau Ferro (4). In the municipality of Caraúbas: Retiro (2) and Campos (8). Vulnerabilities in access to water were found in the 4 municipalities of the study. It was found that access to information by the riverside are still quite incipient; most of the communities' riparians use water directly from reservoirs in a way that is still somewhat risky for well-being; there are complaints on the part of the riparians in the environmental physical aspect; complaints from the riparians at the heart of the management for access to water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]