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The increase in digital disruptions and changing preferences of different stakeholders has led to digital adoption in all hierarchies of business ecosystem. This study focused on the identification of the determinants of digitalization in unorganized small, localized retail outlets (Kirana stores) of an emerging economy. A theoretical model was constructed with certain modifications based on technology adoption models such as Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) to study the impact on business performance in general and as an effect of pandemic. A survey of 285 Unorganized Localized Retail Outlets Stores from different regions of India was used to validate this theoretical model, and structural equation modeling was then further employed. The findings underscore that cost, compatibility, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness significantly affect the intention to digitalize. By addressing the post-pandemic impact of digitalization within an unorganized sector in an emerging economy, this study adds to the scant literature that exists in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Small retail stores in the luxury market face significant challenges due to fluctuations in market demand. This task turns challenging as it requires effectively coordinating and translating customer needs into specific requirements that align with retail goals and available resources. However, limited empirical research exists investigating how managers can address service value and quality attributes in small retail stores. This article aims to bridge this gap by investigating the role of quality function deployment (QFD) in improving market and quality requirements management in small retail stores. Design/methodology/approach: Based on the case study, a customer survey was initially conducted to gather information on critical characteristics valued in the luxury retail segment. QFD was used to assist the company in identifying and prioritizing key quality attributes to meet customer requirements effectively. Findings: The findings demonstrate that implementing QFD in small luxury retail stores empowers managers to identify previously neglected product and service quality aspects. The article shows that QFD informs organizational adaptations that align with the demands of the retail market, leading to an improved ability to meet customer expectations and enhance customer value through the development of enhanced products and services. The study showcases the efficacy of the tested methodology in effectively capturing and prioritizing both tangible and intangible customer needs in retail. Practical implications: Findings offer valuable insights to retail managers of small luxury stores, providing actionable market-oriented strategies. By implementing the recommended practices, managers can improve the store's competitiveness and better cater to the customer base. Originality/value: This study contributes to bridging persistent knowledge gaps by addressing the unique context of small luxury retail stores and introducing the application of QFD in this setting. The insights gained from this research are relevant to both retailing and quality management literature. Considering the growing prevalence of transformations in the retail industry, the study provides practical implications for retail managers in effectively navigating these changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Community supported agriculture (CSA) has grown in recent years as a marketing and distribution option for farmers. CSA involves 'shareholders' subscribing to a regular share of a farm's harvest. The experiential structure of CSA provides opportunities for farmers to develop relationships with consumers and strengthen their local food systems (LFSs). By bringing consumer perspectives into view, LFS development personnel and other stakeholders may better understand where their residents place value within their unique systems. In this manuscript, we focus on the place of CSA in LFSs. Using survey responses from 13 communities in the Southeastern United States, we ask how different aspects of LFSs are perceptually linked to CSA by consumers. From these responses, residents seem to be more aware of CSA if they have knowledge about other direct markets -- such as farmers markets or specialty retail stores -- or are exposed to local food campaigns and branding efforts. Similarly, residents more positively evaluate CSA performance if they have similar evaluations of direct markets and experience with on-farm activities. These patterns differ depending on the location of the respondent. We see a role for place-based LFS promotion activities and consumer education programmes in most communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discrete games provide the means to analyze market dynamics with limited data. However, computing such games with many players—especially in a complete information setting—is computationally infeasible because the strategy space increases exponentially with the number of players. This study presents a novel and practical method to compute and estimate discrete games. To do so, the study introduces two methodological innovations. First, we develop an efficient simulator that requires fewer random draws to evaluate the likelihood of discrete games with multiple equilibria. The augmented simulator avoids random draws that are not compatible with the observed equilibrium outcome and, thus, efficiently uses all draws to evaluate the likelihood. Second, we utilize general‐purpose computing on graphics‐processing unit (GPGPU), using multiple processing cores in a graphics‐processing unit, to increase computational speed. The two features allow us to estimate the model significantly faster compared to traditional methods. The study's empirical application examines the effect of Apple's company‐owned stores on the retail market structure. The results show that agglomeration effects exist between Apple and upscale firms. The presence of an Apple store attracts high‐income customers, promoting the entry of upscale firms and the exit of discount firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Recherche et Cas en Sciences de Gestion is the property of EMS Editions - In Quarto SARL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A recent retail strategy, store artification consists of introducing artistic stimuli into store atmospherics. Such linkage to art and creativity promises to create a highly stimulating shopping environment for customers while adding value to store offering, thus maximising retail performance. To assess the impact of store artification on retail performance, we conducted a field experiment testing the 'presence vs. absence of artworks' store artification modality in retail stores in Paris, France. Results indicate store artification increases store perceived differentiation, perceived value of the offering, customer satisfaction, and enhances store and product image. However, store artification does not affect store commercial performance, raising the issue of its profitability for the retailer and adequate implementation modalities. Further, this research suggests the relevance of the store artification strategy regarding store marketing performance for non-luxury retailers and as a tactical, store-level tool. Managerial and retailing implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Infrastructural revolution, intense competition and customer attraction towards organised apparel retailing in India are potentially affecting traditional retailing. The authors seek to identify the factors that customers perceive during shopping in organised apparel retail store. This study also investigates the indirect effects of identified factors on behavioural outcomes such as loyalty. Design/methodology/approach: The study randomly selected the customers immediately after shopping to minimise the experience's carryover effects. A sample of 648 customers was collected. Data were analysed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Findings: The study has found that in-store logistics is the second order factor with ease of return, on-shelf availability, product accessibility, shopping convenience, and product information as the variables. The result shows that in-store logistics, store environment, store communication, merchandise assortment, perceived price and employee attribute influence customer satisfaction. As expected, these factors indirectly influence the loyalty. Research limitations/implications: This study focused on organised multi-brand apparel retailing, and the survey was conducted in a tier-II city of India only. Hence, any attempt to generalise the findings must be undertaken with caution. Practical implications: In the context of multi-brand retailing, competition is fierce. New entrants and traditional apparel retailers hesitate to adopt organised apparel retailing. The findings of this study can be helpful for new entrants and traditional apparel retailers to adopt organised apparel retailing. Originality/value: Previous studies in the field of multi-brand retailing have mainly focused on the marketing aspect of retail stores. This study contributes to the operations aspect and tests the impact of operational function (in-store logistics) on customer satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spartan Stores a publicly traded company in the grocery industry made a bid to acquire Nash-Finch Company in 2013. Nash Finch shareholders received 1.2 shares of Spartan stores and the transaction was valued at $340 million. The merger was unusual that the target firm Nash Finch was larger than the bidding firm Spartan stores. Its 2012 revenue was almost double Spartan Stores and its shares traded for more on the NASDAQ. It was losing market share in its retail stores and their wholesale customers were experiencing competitive pressure. The case study is written for students in advanced managerial finance course. Students are asked to understand the motives of the merger, method of payment and its signaling content, valuation of the two firms prior to the takeover offer, and learn about the post-merger performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional analyses of firms that compete in multiple markets examine settings in which firms sell directly to consumers. However, in many industries, firms sell their products through intermediaries. Importantly, these firms usually have common intermediaries, and the degree of this overlap varies across markets and over time. We empirically study the effect of the asymmetry of distribution channel relationship overlap across markets on retail prices. An increase in distribution channel relationship asymmetry can provide firms with an enhanced ability to punish rivals through shared distribution relationships in addition to shared markets. This increased ability to punish can then soften competition (increase prices), that is, the mutual forbearance mechanism. However, an increase in distribution channel relationship asymmetry can also make it difficult for firms to pursue similar goals with their rivals, and thus weakening the potential for tacit coordination. This can then intensify competition (reduce prices), that is, the goal congruence mechanism. Due to these opposing mechanisms, the net impact of distribution channel relationship asymmetry on competitive intensity is not clear. Using extensive scanner panel data for multiple product categories, on average, we find that an increase in distribution channel relationship asymmetry results in higher retail prices. Consistent with the mutual forbearance mechanism, this effect becomes more positive (or less negative) when (i) the manufacturer size or the number of retail stores in the focal market increases or (ii) when the manufacturer is a public (vs. private) firm. Conversely, the effect becomes less positive when the strategic similarity among manufacturers increases, in line with the goal congruence mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors study the drivers and performance implications of retailers' branding strategies for their premium and economy private-label tiers. Retailers can opt for store-banner branding and use their store-banner name and/or logo to reveal their ownership, or they can use stand-alone branding and avoid an explicit link between store brand and retail banner. Hypotheses are tested on a large pan-European sample of premium and economy tiers that were introduced over almost 15 years. For the premium tier, retailers' propensity to use store-banner branding is higher when they have a hi--lo price format and a higher brand equity, and when they have used store-banner branding in the past (on their standard tier and in other markets). The attractiveness of using store-banner branding for the premium tier also varies across countries: it is more likely to be chosen when the retail environment is less concentrated, when uncertainty avoidance and rule of law are higher, and when power distance is lower. For most of these drivers, the effect is significantly weaker for the economy tier. Retailers whose premium-tier branding decision is congruent with the proposed contingency framework perform better. For the economy tier, congruence is not associated with higher performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent trends in marketing have demonstrated an increased focus on in-store expenditures with the hope of “grabbing consumers” at the point of purchase, but does this make sense? To help answer this question, the authors examine the interplay between in-store and out-of-store factors on consumer attention to and evaluation of brands displayed on supermarket shelves. Using an eye-tracking experiment, they find that the number of facings has a strong impact on evaluation that is entirely mediated by its effect on visual attention and works particularly well for frequent users of the brand, for low-market-share brands, and for young and highly educated consumers who are willing to trade off brand and price. They also find that gaining in-store attention is not always sufficient to drive sales. For example, top- and middle-shelf positions gain more attention than low-shelf positions; however, only top-shelf positions carry through to brand evaluation. The results underscore the importance of combining eye-tracking and purchase data to obtain a full picture of the effects of in-store and out-of-store marketing at the point of purchase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As advances in communications technology shrink the impact of geographic distance, consumers are likely to become more aware of and familiar with products and services in other parts of the world, as well as global social and ethical issues. Retailers have responded to these trends (termed here “consumer world-mindedness” and “consumer social-mindedness”) by adapting their positioning and product assortment. The authors develop measures of consumer world-mindedness and social-mindedness and examine their relationship to exposure to other cultures and store image using a survey of 191 consumers in the Netherlands. The authors examine images of three types of stores: the Body Shop, fair-trade stores, and a grocery store with an imported food products section. The results confirm that consumers' exposure to foreign cultures increases consumer world-mindedness and social-mindedness and that both have a significant impact on store image. The authors conclude with a discussion of implications for retail and international marketing management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional wisdom in value chain strategy assumes a one-directional flow of primary activities, starting from inbound logistics to operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and finally to service. Our recent study, extensive discussions with executives, and on-site visits suggest that this wisdom may not be complete for certain industries or products. Customers on average return about 6% of everything they buy. Companies need to view this as an opportunity to give this returns pile a new lease of life. Yet many companies are not used to thinking that the things they expel such as products, waste, and resources actually have value. In fact, few retailers and suppliers capture the wealth of information that is locked inside a box that has been returned to the warehouse. Elevating the returns process to a new marketing opportunity builds a loyal customer base and also attracts new ones. In this paper, we present a redefined value chain strategy that entails a closed-loop system for industries in which reverse chain activities (reuse, repair, refurbishing, recycling, remanufacturing, or redesign of returned products from the end user) may create additional competitive advantages for the firm. Firms that do not recognize the importance of an effective reverse logistics strategy as part of their value chain risk damaging customer relations and may seriously jeopardize their brand image and reputation. A good reverse logistics program can be a differentiator and provides a means of gaining market advantage. In our perspective, a redefined value chain should be a part of the overall business strategy for manufacturers or retailers who handle product returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inaction inertia is the phenomenon in which people are less likely to accept a less attractive opportunity after having missed a relatively more attractive one. Previous studies have mainly explored the inaction inertia effect on single products or services, whereas this study explored how the promotional frames of sales packages influence inaction inertia toward the individual items within the sales packages and the inaction inertia effect of the target product under different price strategies. On the basis of the cost assignments of mental accounting and comparisons of the current inferior promotion with missed superior promotion, this study found evidence that when consumers encounter a freebie (bundle) condition, they assign a higher cost to the focal (supplementary) product and a lower cost to the supplementary (focal) product. Therefore, consumers who have missed a freebie (bundle) promotion exhibit lower (higher) inaction inertia toward the focal product, but higher (lower) inaction inertia toward the supplementary product. Applying a similar internal mechanism to pricing strategies, the findings also show that when consumers encounter a two‐component sales package with a surcharge promotion using a partitioned price (vs. a price discount promotion using an all‐inclusive price), they assign a higher cost to the base product and a lower cost to the surcharge. So, consumers who have missed the surcharge (vs. price discount) promotion show higher inaction inertia when the surcharge of the current inferior opportunity is salient, but show less inaction inertia when it is not salient. Moreover, the percent of a surcharge as a part of the total package value moderates the impact of promotional price strategy frames on inaction inertia. These findings have significant implications for both theoreticians and practitioners interested in inaction inertia, promotional frames, and price strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tailor shop located in Singapore's Chinatown is explored as a case of creative linguistic marketing practice, examining how such practice can be understood in relation to the interaction of local and global forces on the linguistic landscape. The shop uses a range of Scandinavian semiotic resources (language and artefacts) which for us, coming upon the shop, seemed unexpected or, using Sweetland's term, spectacular. Following in the spirit of linguistic landscape analysis, we investigate one particular dimension of the visual semiosis of this shop, namely the signage. Drawing upon photographic and interview data, we trace the history of this semiosis, charting how its purpose and meaning has changed over time. What emerges from our study is that what seems idiosyncratic to researchers can have rich local meaning in context. What appears to be an outlier on the linguistic landscape can offer insight into situated experiences. In this light, our study of a shop and its semiotic landscape contributes to an understanding of the changing sociolinguistic patterns and creativity that occur in spaces like Singapore, and that reflect not just contemporary but also previous eras of globalisation and contact across historical, political and cultural borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Apple Store was opened to enter the market place as direct distribution outlet for their products (iPhone, iPod, iPad, Mac, and etc). The Apple Store entered the retail market and provided a template for a distribution model of their products. The purpose of this study is two-fold. This study is a continuation of a national pilot study we conducted on the two retailers. This study added 13 more cities in major markets in the United States to conduct the research. The researchers wanted to investigate and compare differences between the Apple Stores and the Microsoft Stores. Second, the researchers wanted to conduct comparative analyses to measure customer and store analytics between the two retailers using a 10-point metric for their research. The researchers developed a 15-item instrument that consists of two analytics: (a) Customer Behavior and (b) Retailer Behavior. The sample (N = 99) included 56 Apple Stores and 43 Microsoft Stores in 13 major markets across the country. This study used a quantitative research design. We used a three-step process in the research design. First, researchers conducted observational research on the retailers for this study. The researchers used four statistical designs: (a) descriptive statistics and crosstabulation analyses; (b) independent sample t-Test, (c) retailer attributes ratio analysis; and (d) PLS-SEM modeling for regression. The results revealed two key findings. First, customers reacted differently with the two retailers in terms of customer engagement analytics. There were some significant differences between the two retailers in terms of customer behavior and product purchases. Second, the store ambience between the two retailers was significant in terms of customer involvement with their products. The conclusions of the study indicate there are significant differences in the metrics and analytics between the two retailers. The Apple Store outperformed the Microsoft Store in nearly every metric and analytic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the impact of full disclosure requirements on franchising. The author focuses on legal problems associated with the sale and operation of individual franchises. It is suggested that many franchise owners intentionally mislead prospective franchisees regarding the potential profitability of individual franchises. The author discusses state disclosure laws created to protect franchisees and the implications for the advertising and sales industries. It is suggested that the laws may lead to fewer franchises opening, which could have negative effects on the U.S. economy.

The author investigates the impact of retail price promotions on consumer purchasing patterns and the performance of competing retailers. A conceptual framework for retail promotional effects that includes brand substitution effects, interstore sales displacements, and the effects of promotions on complementary goods is developed. The framework is tested with store-level scanner data. Results are generally supportive of the framework and show that retail price promotions created significant complementary and substitution effects within the store. Interstore promotional effects also were detected in several cases as the promotions of products in one store significantly decreased sales of substitutes and complements in a competing store. Implications of the results for retail and manufacturer promotional strategies are discussed and several directions for future research are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rise in vertical marketing systems (VMS) has had a profound impact on the nature of retail competition. The increase in intrasystem competition between outlets of the same VMS points to the need for increased sophistication in market area analysis models to aid in strategy development. This article develops a set of models to address critical managerial issues concerning retail locational strategy in an intrabrand competitive setting. Findings demonstrate the need to evaluate outlet-specific determinants of patronage behavior, in addition to those of a generic nature, in analyzing intrabrand competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To design successful strategies retailers must take into account not only the marketing environment confronting them today but also anticipate possible competitive and demographic changes. This article presents a procedure to help retailers formulate a strategic location plan in a dynamic environment. The procedure involves a model for assessing site desirability, a criterion for selecting among alternative sites, and a heuristic to facilitate the computational procedure. A key element is the use of competitive equilibrium concepts to provide desirable strategies under a variety of future scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern management science techniques are applied to the advertising problems of a large multiple retailer. The appropriate methodology evolves from a careful consideration of the firms marketing strategy, the market environment, and the nature of the demand for its services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trading stamps and customer games of chance have been two of the more important types of nonprice promotion in the supermarket industry. The employment of these two promotional tools has declined from their peak years. This article is concerned with the question of whether the use of stamps and games has stabilized or if the use of trading stamps and games is in the early stages of a major decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marketing discipline has been concerned primarily with GOODS. Yet SERVICES are claiming an increasing share of the consumer's dollar. This author argues that marketing people should direct more of their attention to the services sector. What are the marketing characteristics of services? Are goods solely goods -- services solely services? Is not the marketing of services by government agencies an appropriate province for marketing analysis? These are some of the questions considered here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the significant role that store publicity on the women's pages of newspapers and periodicals plays in a retail marketing campaign. The article discusses the strategy behind women's page merchandise publicity, the nature of women's pages, the influence of advertising (particularly advertising lineage and merchandise illustrations), and the role a competent publicity staff plays in a successful advertising campaign. It is this publicity staff that seems to tip the scales in favor of success in women's page publicity. The findings are supplemented by charts and study.

The article focuses on the need of global digital strategy and the transformation from web-to-store. It discusses how it helps stores in attracting more customer traffic, the concept of phygital services wherein traditional and digital media is infused with the help of communication tools, variety of online services including guidance for motorists as per the communication manager Dominique Stempfel.

While diffusers of market information, their level of involvements and experiences in the marketplace are essential to a market segment, a few empirical research have examined the role of market mavens in promoting Apps retail channel repatronage intention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural relationship between flow experience, immersive satisfaction (affective), experiential satisfaction (cognitive), market maven tendency, and Apps repatronage intention (ARI). A total of 407 valid online questionnaires were collected to conduct the statistical analyses using partial least square path modeling approach. The results imply that flow experience, immersive and experiential satisfaction are several determinants of market mavens in promoting Apps retail stores. Practically, the results imply that consumers with a high level of perceived flow experience, immersive and experiential satisfaction exhibit higher tendency of involvement, diffuse more Apps market information and further show a high level of ARI. Theoretically, this study uncovers the experience, satisfaction, market mavenism, and repatronage linkages, and proposes a set of key determinants to explain ARI in an E-retailing environment. The implications and limitations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As recreational marijuana expands, it is critical to develop standardized surveillance measures to study the retail environment. To this end, our research team developed and piloted a tool assessing recreational marijuana retailers in a convenience sample of 20 Denver retailers in 2016. The tool assesses: (i) compliance and security (e.g. age-ofsale signage, ID checks, security cameras); (ii) marketing (i.e. promotions, product availability and price) and (iii) contextual and neighborhood features (i.e. retailer type, facilities nearby). Most shops (90.0%) indicated the minimum age requirement, all verified age. All shops posted interior ads (M=2.6/retailer, SD=3.4), primarily to promote edibles and other non-smoked products. Price promotions were common in shops (73.7%), 57.9% used social media promotions and 31.6% had take-away materials (e.g. menus, party promotions). Nearly half of the shops (42.1%) advertised health claims. All shops offered bud, joints, honey oil, tinctures, kief, beverages, edibles and topicals; fewer sold clones and seeds. Six shops (31.6%) sold shop-branded apparel and/ or paraphernalia. Prices for bud varied within and between stores ($20-$45/'eighth', ~3.5 g). Twelve were recreational only, and eight were both recreational and medicinal. Liquor stores were commonly proximal. Reliability assessments with larger, representative samples are needed to create a standardized marijuana retail surveillance tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationships which exist between measures of store image and store loyalty. Encouraged by the relationships found, store loyalty is predicted from store image information. The examination of the loyalty measure provides interesting observations concerning the nature of loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult, particularly in mass retailing, to convince shoppers to open their pocketbooks and make their purchases from displays. This article discusses what can be done in advertising to attract and build steady customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts pertaining to advertising. They include "Good Taste in Advertising," by S. R. Bernstein, "Are Retailers Becoming Media Brokers?," by Joseph Lorrin, and "How is Advertising Bought?."

The article presents information about consumer buying attitude at department stores. The author presents details of a consumer survey of department store shoppers in Chicago, Illinois and analyzes the results. Charts are presented ranking a variety of retail outlets on several aspects of service including price, convenience of location, customer service, and selection of goods. A discussion is presented about the methodology of the marketing research and the selection of respondents interviewed.