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Objectives: Military flying is a complex task and requires high level of physical fitness of aviators. Various aviation stressors such as acceleratory force, hypoxia, cold weather conditions and decompression sickness place enormous stress on human physiological systems of the aviators. Individuals with Hb Materials and Methods: Twenty-five individuals with anaemia and 15 healthy controls participated in the study. The participants were subjected to normobaric hypoxia (NH) equivalent to an altitude of 15,000 feet. Different physiological parameters such as heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), respiratory rate (fR) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were measured during NH. Participants also performed maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and maximal anaerobic capacity test in bicycle ergometer. Results: HR, SBP, DBP and fR in anaemic subjects were higher than healthy controls during NH, whereas SpO2 in anaemic subjects was lower as compared to healthy controls. Anaemic individuals had a lower VO2 max than their healthy counterparts. Critical power and anaerobic work capacity were lower in anaemic subjects than healthy controls. Conclusion: There is a deterioration in exercise capacity and hypoxia tolerance in individuals with low Hb levels. Adequate precaution should be exercised for permitting military aviators to fly with low Hb level.

Isatin or 1H-indole-2,3-dione or 2,3-dioxindole is an indole derivative. Isatin and its analogs are synthetically useful substances where they may be utilized for the production of a broad range of heterocyclic molecules, which are depicting a wide reach of biological and pharmacological activities, as well as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-TB, antidiabetic, anti-microbial, antitumor, antimalarial, anti-HIV, antibacterial, anti-analgesic, and antiplasmodial activities. Isatin is a precursor for many synthesized therapeutic molecules that are amenable to pharmacological action and have excellent biological potential. Isatin has a magnificent scaffold for both the natural and synthetic construction of molecules. These molecules are being used in drug therapy such as anticancer, antibiotic, and antidepressant drugs and have many more clinical applications. Due to its privileged scaffolding, the synthetic versatility of isatin has produced many structurally diverse derivatives, including the substitution of mono-, di- and tri- substitution of the aryl rings A and those derived by derivation of isatin nitrogen and C2 and C3 carbon moieties. As a result, improving and expediting access to isatin-related molecules is a challenging study in synthetic organic chemistry.

In the last decades, two serious coronaviruses have appeared in humans and animals, SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS-CoV (middle east respiratory syndrome) are also contagious viruses that causes ARDS stands for acute respiratory distress syndrome. SARS-CoV in 2003 and MERS-CoV in 2012 are characterized as a high mortality rate. This novel human respiratory coronaviruses, also known as SARS n-CoV or SARS-CoV-2, are needed to rapidly provide therapeutic options to reduce and prevent the spread of this outbreak. For such infections, there are currently no scientifically approved precautions or anti-viral products authorized.;therefore, effective remedial and preventive strategies have to be developed that can be easily applied to this newly emerging epidemic. In addition to all these, some therapeutic options are also being evaluated that are used for Covid-19, which includes inhibitory virus molecules or molecules that target specific replication and transcription enzymes. Since the drugs remdesivir, lopinavir-ritonavir, favipiravir, camostat mesylate, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine were originate closely stand high successful in controlling infection, Covid-19 looks promising. The research on Covid-19, discuss the efficacy of the several drug and vaccines against Covid-19 and previous outbreaks of SARS and MERS, and provide recommendations for new modes of treatment, assessment, and clinical research on such terrible epidemic. This paper will summarize and discuss the main biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the current scenario of emerging Covid-19 infections, as well as explain the current therapeutic medications treating Covid-19, based on the clinical trial data. © 2021, Turkish Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

The rise of the new technological frontier, the Metaverse, has raised questions about how digital interactions will change. Especially, in the field of education. This research explores the impact that Metaverse can have on educational systems and pedagogy. Its goal is to investigate and understand the makeup of the Metaverse in addition to its implications and future. In that context, the study follows the key concepts and features of the Metaverse and finds significant benefits for the educational sector. Furthermore, it also notes the risks and impacts the technology can have on the users and the institutions. The research further looks into educational levels and fields of study that are currently inclined toward the Metaverse. Unsurprisingly, the STEM fields and Higher Education sector currently lead the research and development of the metaverse for education in tandem with corporations alike. Ultimately, the paper evaluates the impact of the metaverse and advocates for a safe, secure, and sustainable digital infrastructure for education.

“Adverse situation also gives many opportunities.”I have seen the live example of this phrase at world known block printing cluster-Bagru. Bagru block printing cluster is situated in Jaipur, Rajast...

Biopolymer-based nanocomposites, particularly chitosan, cellulose, alginate, starch, and carrageenan, are increasingly being employed as reinforcements for composite materials because they are biodegradable, recyclable, renewable, abundant, conveniently available, cost-effective, and non-abrasive to processing equipment. These biopolymer nanocomposite materials are also lightweight, stiff, and have good mechanical properties. Biopolymer nanocomposites have interfacial limitations because all nanocomposite biopolymers are hydrophilic. Water recycling has been made possible by biopolymer-based nanocomposite materials, which have a variety of applications for cleaning wastewater, making it a viable and cost-effective solution to water scarcity. The growing concern about heavy metal contamination has necessitated the development of new and better-suited sorbent materials for effective detoxification.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a unique carbon material with physical, chemical, mechanical, optical, structural, and electrical characteristics researched and tested for a wide range of uses. The safeguards of environmental health have been identified as one of the most critical sustainability goals in recent decades. When it concerns identifying atmospheric toxins, carbon nanotube-based detectors offer great sensibility and precision, along with carbon nanotubes displaying the ability for adsorption to remove impurities with great rates and excellent amelioration competency. Carbon nanotubes have made essential contributions to a responsible future in wastewater treatment, air pollution management, biotechnologies, nano sensors, and sorbents. Carbon nanotubes are also utilized as a reinforcing material in green nanocomposites, which are essential for achieving desired characteristics and are ecologically benign. The utilisation of carbon nanotubes as hybrid filters, nano sensors, sorbents, and other materials is covered in this chapter, as well as its advantages for the environment.

In the current context, road accidents have become a major loss to society, with ordinary people being left with little help during an emergency. The SAVE-LIFE Helpline is a comprehensive record of various human contributions. This contribution is very important for people who need help, especially for people who cannot afford to pay their bills. The project is intended to help these cases through donors, where the donor can donate money through the web project directly to people in need. Provides communication between provider and client. The donor can donate to the emergency personnel or to the SAVE-LIFE Helpline, which keeps track of those who need help.

Organelle stress and Liver injuries often occur in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients under anti‐HIV therapies, yet few molecular off‐targets of anti‐HIV drugs have been identified in the liver. Here, we found through total RNA sequencing that the transcription of a host protease Ras converting CAAX endopeptidase 1 (RCE1) was altered in HepG2 cells treated with anti‐HIV protease inhibitors, ritonavir and lopinavir. Levels of RCE1 protein were inhibited in HepG2 and primary mouse hepatocytes and in the liver of mice treated with the anti‐HIV drugs, which were accompanied with inhibition of two potential substrates of RCE1, small GTP binding protein Rab13 and Rab18, which are with a common CAAX motif and known to regulate the ER‐Golgi traffic or lipogenesis. Neither Rce1 transcription nor RCE1 protein level was inhibited by Brefeldin A, which is known to interfere with the ER‐Golgi traffic causing Golgi stress. Knocking down Rce1 with RNA interference increased ritonavir and lopinavir‐induced cell death as well as expression of Golgi stress response markers, TFE3, HSP47 and GCP60, in both primary mouse hepatocytes and mouse liver, and deteriorated alcohol‐induced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and fatty liver injury in mice. In addition, overexpressing Rab13 or Rab18 in primary human hepatocytes reduced partially the anti‐HIV drugs and alcohol‐induced Golgi fragmentation, Golgi stress response, and cell death injury. Conclusion: We identified a mechanism linking a host protease and its substrates, small guanosine triphosphate–binding proteins, to the anti‐HIV drug‐induced Golgi dysfunction, organelle stress response, and fatty liver injury., We have found that anti‐HIV protease inhibitors inhibit RCE1 and its substrates, Rab proteins with CAAX motif, which interfered with the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi trafficking, leading to organelle stress responses and fatty liver injury. This study may provide a molecular basis for designing anti‐HIV drugs with less side effects in the liver.

In this research, we have described a facile and user-friendly protocol for the formation of 2((1H-Indole-3yl)(Phenyl)methyl)malononitrile derivatives using a recoverable and efficient TiO2 nanocatalyst. This protocol is simple and incredibly efficient for the synthesis of novel 2((1H-Indole-3yl)(Phenyl)methyl)malononitrile derivatives. Nanoscale TiO2 is used as the catalyst. Since TiO2 has more surface area easily binds with the active site of a reactive molecule and initiates the reaction. At last, TiO2 also recovered as it acts as a catalyst. This multi-component reaction involves indole, malononitrile, and active aldehyde derivatives in the presence of ethanol as solvent and TiO2 as a nanocatalyst. The synthetic methodology employed for multi-component reactions produces substituted 2((1H-Indole-3yl)(Phenyl) methyl) malononitrile derivatives with an environmentally friendly protocol under modest reaction conditions. This study shows that the recoverable and environmentally friendly TiO2 nanocatalyst is an effective material for the synthesis of 2((1H-Indole-3yl) (Phenyl) methyl) malononitrile derivatives with high yields, rapid reaction at room temperature, and effortless product isolation.

In organic synthesis, nanocatalysts play a significant role. Nitrogen- and oxygen-containing based heterocyclic atoms are the substantial and essential primary units available in different organically dynamic characteristic items, industrial and pharmaceutical, and agrochemicals. Nanoparticles (NPs) or nanoclusters (NCs) have high synergist action; the maintainable and financial advantages of the convention are the exceptional returns of items, short response time, primary stir-up method, and utilization of a non-poisonous and reusable impetus the response. The current review looks at the various forms of nanocatalysts used to form heterocyclic compound synthesis and some other important ring functionalization.

Background Plants are the repository of variable number of valuable secondary metabolites that bears pharmacognostic and pharmacological implications having potentiality to emerge as super drugs in future. In-vivo production of these metabolites is influenced by the biotic and abiotic stresses resulting in continuous accumulation of diverse phytochemicals and their derivatives that can be useful in designing and developing potential drugs for future. The aim of the present study is to review the existence of medicinally important secondary metabolites and possible pharmacological and pharmacognostic importance of under-explored weed plant species Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., to explore the potentiality of the plant for developing and designing the drugs for future. Main body of the abstract Hyptis suaveolens belonging to family Lamiaceae is the rich source of medicinally important phytochemicals like essential oils, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and sterols. One or many of these compounds have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, anti-septic, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-fertility, diaphoretics, anticutaneous, anticatarrhal, antirheumatic, anti-ulcer, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, analgesic, and antiviral activity. Short conclusion Hyptis suaveolens contains unique terpenoid metabolites like suaveolic acid, suaveolol, methyl suaveolate, beta-sitosterol, ursolic acid, and phenolic compound like rosamarinic acid, methyl rosamarinate that have potentiality to substitute the traditional drugs as therapeutic agent against the resistant and newly emerged bacterial and viral pathogens. Pentacyclic triterpenoid, ursolic acid have been reported to have effective antiviral response against the SARS-CoV2 responsible for the present COVID-19 pandemic and HIV virus for which no effective vaccines are available till date. Ursolic acid has the ability to modulate the activity of main protease (Mpro) that is essential for processing of SARS-CoV2 replicase-transcriptase machinery needed for viral replication and particle assembly.

Normal hair growth occurs in cycles, comprising growth (anagen), cessation (catagen) and rest (telogen). Upon aging, the initiation of anagen is significantly delayed, which results in impaired hair regeneration. Hair regeneration is driven by hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). We show here that aged HFSCs present with a decrease in canonical Wnt signaling and a shift towards non-canonical Wnt5a driven signaling which antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling. Elevated expression of Wnt5a in HFSCs upon aging results in elevated activity of the small RhoGTPase Cdc42 as well as a change in the spatial distribution of Cdc42 within HFSCs. Treatment of aged HFSC with a specific pharmacological inhibitor of Cdc42 activity termed CASIN to suppress the aging-associated elevated activity of Cdc42 restored canonical Wnt signaling in aged HFSCs. Treatment of aged mice in vivo with CASIN induced anagen onset and increased the percentage of anagen skin areas. Aging-associated functional deficits of HFSCs are at least in part intrinsic to HFSCs and can be restored by rational pharmacological approaches.

Aims Long-term treatment of Isoniazid (INH) in tuberculosis (TB) patients can lead to anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity. To understand the mechanism of hepatotoxicity, an attempt has been made to elucidate the role of Nrf2, a transcription factor induced by oxidative stress, in INH induced apoptosis liver cancer cell lines. Materials and methods Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was performed by flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expression of various genes involves in INH induced toxicity was evaluated via Real-time PCR and western blot analysis respectively. Differential protein expression was performed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by identification using MALDI TOF/TOF. Key findings INH induced ROS and apoptosis in HepG2 as well as THLE-2 cells. Nuclear damage was also observed by INH treatment in HepG2 cells. Expression of apoptotic (Cytochrome C and Caspase 9) and antioxidative (Keap1 and Nrf2) genes were observed to increase. INH induced PKCδ phosphorylation and released Nrf2 from its inhibitor Keap1 in the cytoplasm of HepG2 cells. However, over-expression of Nrf2 did not affect nuclear Nrf2 protein level as well as its downstream target NQO1. Nrf2 importer, Karyopherin β1 level was observed to decrease in HepG2 as well as THLE-2 cells following INH treatment. Significance These findings suggest that INH prevented Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus by inhibiting its importer Karyopherin β1. Therefore Nrf2 might not able to bind ARE sequences from inducing antioxidative response for protecting the cells undergoing apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: We previously developed enzyme nanoparticles (ENP) of alcohol metabolism. This study was to evaluate protective effects of facilitated removal of blood alcohol and/or acetaldehyde on anti-HIV drugs and alcohol-induced liver injuries. METHODS: ENP were prepared for degrading alcohol completely (ENP1) or partially into acetaldehyde (ENP2), which were applied to mice of acute binge or chronic-binge alcohol feeding in the presence of antivirals (ritonavir and lopinavir). Liver pathologies were examined to assess the protective effects of ENP. RESULTS: In the acute model, ENP1 and ENP2 reduced the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) by 41% and 32% respectively within 4 hr whereas in control without ENP, BAC was reduced only by 15%. Blood acetaldehyde concentration (BADC) was increased by 39% in alcohol fed mice treated with ENP2 comparing to control. No significant effects of the anti-HIV drugs on BAC or BADC were observed. Plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and expression of liver TNFα were both significantly increased in the alcohol fed mice, which were normalized by ENP1. In the presence of the antivirals, ALT was partially reduced by ENP1 or ENP2. In the chronic model, inflammation, fatty liver and ALT were increased, which were deteriorated by the antivirals. ENP1 partially reduced BAC, BADC, ALT, and expression of inflammation markers of TNFα, F4/80 and IL-6 and lipogenic factors of ACC, LXRα and SREBP1. ENP2 reduced BAC without significant effects on ALT, inflammation or lipogenesis. Antivirals and alcohol synergistically increased expression of organelle stress markers of CHOP, sXBP-1, ATF6 and GCP60. ENP1 reduced BAC, CHOP and sXbp-1. However, no effects of ENP1 were found on ATF6 or GCP60. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of blood alcohol and acetaldehyde by the enzyme nanoparticles protects the liver against alcoholic injuries, and the protection is less effective in chronic alcohol and antiviral feeding due to additional drug-induced organelle stresses.

Nowadays, fog and haze are becoming a global challenge. Images captured under the hazy condition have poor contrast and corrupted colour. Such images limit the visibility and thus hinder the way for the computer vision purposes like video observation, entity recognition. Such hazy images affect the usual working in the transportation sector e.g. trains, ships etc. One of the prominent factors affecting the outdoor vision applications is poor vision and thus, it may result in an intangible loss like safety. The image captured shows this behaviour because of the air light. This paper analyses the widely used techniques for haze removal from images alias color attenuation prior based haze removal and haze removal with edge preserving. Also, the paper proposes the better haze removing techniques using fusion based approach which gives better quality haze removal compared to the bench mark haze removal techniques. Experimental results tested with NIQE have proved the worth of proposed methods.

Phytochemicals are secondary metabolites produced by all plants in which some has medicinal uses. The comparative Qualitative and Quantitative phytochemical analysis of root extracts in aqueous, Chloroform, Ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Calotropis gigantea and calotropis procera Linn. were investigated. The comparative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenols group in varying concentrations. The comparative studies result of the above two plants gives a basis of its use in traditional medicine to manage ailments and disorders. It also contains some biologically active constituents worthy of further investigations. Keywords: Comparative, Qualitative, Quantitative, phytochemical, Calotropis gigantea and calotropis procera Â

The tool consists of several virtual instrumentation allowing the implantation of the different measurement technique that are commonly used in this research field. What follows describes an integrated system that automatically controls the composition of the mixture under analysis, provides set up for both the virtual instrumentation and customs electronics, and performs the selected class algorithms for features extraction, data dimensionality reduction and classification. Assisting perspective task to virtual instrumentation controlling the entire system gives us the possibility to avoid the presence of error due to human control. Such systems, and in particular those designed for research application, utilize a large number of sub system for chemical sampling control, for signal generation and acquisition, and for data manipulation. This paper describes a tool box of virtual instrumentation developed for research purposes and based on a laboratory electronics nose.

In Withania somnifera, sterol molecules of immense medicinal value are diversified by means of glycosylation. Identifying sterol glycosyltransferases provides an imperative insight of diverse sterol modifications, thereby helping to comprehend the underlying plant mechanisms. In the present study, one of the W. somnifera sterol glycosyltransferase-4 (Ws-Sgtl4) gene was transformed into the W. somnifera leaf explant through Agrobacterium rhizogene. Transformed W. Somnifera Ws-Sgtl4 leaf explants were subjected to hairy root induction and analyzed for biomass accumulation. The analysis of Ws-Sgtl4 gene expression was performed at different time exposures with the application of salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate. The elicitation of W. somnifera hairy root expressing the Ws-Sgtl4 gene was also evaluated for the enhancement if any, in the total withanolide yield as well as the withanolides-A contents. The results suggested that Ws-Sgtl4 gene expression enhanced the production of total withanolide yield and withanolides-A in the hairy root culture of W. somnifera in the response to the elicitors.

Present investigation explores the cardiotoxicity of rosiglitazone (ROSI) using rat heart cardiomyocytes and db/db mice. In H9c2 cells, ROSI at 50 and 60 μM induced an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells and superoxide generation, along with an increase in the expression of various subunits of NADPH oxidase and nitric oxide synthases, confirmed that ROSI-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells is by ROS generation. The increase in the expression of the antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) further confirmed this notion. Heme oxygenase-1, having an important role in cell protection against oxidative stress, was found to be increased along with induction of nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor and increased protein kinase C δ expression. Moreover, in db/db mice, oral administration of ROSI (10 mg/kg) for 10 days induced an increase in serum creatinine kinase-MB, tissue antioxidants like SOD, catalase, GR, GST, GPx expression, cardiac troponin T, and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein expression strongly support the in vitro findings. Furthermore, global gene expression studies also showed the perturbation of oxidative phosphorylation, fat cell differentiation, and electron transport chain following ROSI treatment in vivo. These results suggested that ROSI-induced cardiac damage is due to accelerated apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.

Sterol glycosyltransferases (SGTs) catalyze the transfer of sugar molecules to diverse sterol molecules, leading to a change in their participation in cellular metabolism. Withania somnifera is a medicinal plant rich in sterols, sterol glycosides and steroidal lactones. Sterols and their modified counterparts are medicinally important and play a role in adaptation of the plant to stress conditions. We have identified 3 members of SGT gene family through RACE (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) in addition to sgtl1 reported earlier. The amino acid sequence deduced from the ORF's showed homology (45-67 %) to the reported plant SGTs. The expression of the genes was differentially modulated in different organs in W. somnifera and in response to external stimuli. Salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate treatments showed up to 10 fold increase in the expression of sgt genes suggesting their role in defense. The level of expression increased in heat and cold stress indicating the role of sterol modifications in abiotic stress. One of the members, was expressed in E. coli and the enzyme assay showed that the crude enzyme glycosylated stigmasterol. W. somnifera expresses a family of sgt genes and there is a functional recruitment of these genes under stress conditions. The genes which are involved in sterol modification are important in view of medicinal value and understanding stress.

Developing stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines for biotherapeutics is an irreversible process and therefore, key quality attributes, such as sequence variants, must be closely monitored during cell line development (CLD) to avoid delay in the developmental timeline, and more importantly, to assure product safety and efficacy. Sequence variants, defined as unintended amino acid substitution in recombinant protein primary structure, result from alteration at either the DNA or the protein level. Here, for the first time, we report the application of transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq) in an IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) CLD campaign to detect, identify, and eliminate cell lines containing low-level point mutations in recombinant coding sequence. Among the top eleven mAb producers chosen from transfectant, clone or subclone stages, three of the cell lines contained either missense or nonsense point mutations at a low level of less than 2%. Subsequent LC/MS/MS characterization detected ∼3% sequence variants with an amino acid change from Ser to Leu at residue 117 in the heavy chain of transfectants 11 and 27. This substitution is consistent with the RNAseq finding of a C/T mutation located at 407 base pair (TCA→TTA) in the heavy chain coding sequence. Here we demonstrate that RNAseq is a rapid and highly sensitive method to identify low-level genetic mutation de novo corresponding to the amino acid substitution that elicits sequence variant(s). Its implementation in CLD constitutes an early and effective step in identifying desired CHO expression cell lines.

In this article, a search for antecedents latent variables of organizational commitment from organizational health, occupational role stress, and social support for Indian Nationalized Bank Managers was made. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to assess the fit of the model that identified autonomy, cohesiveness, goal focus, role overload, and responsibility for the person as statistically significant antecedents of organizational commitment. Our models provided a good fit. Direct and indirect effects of exogenous variables on endogenous variables estimated and resultant percent of variance accounted into organizational commitment reported.

A variant plant of opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum L.) having high thebaine was obtained from the dose of 10 kR (kilo rad) + 0.4% EMS during an extensive mutation breeding experiment. The M 2 seeds of variant plant were subjected to in vitro studies to investigate the prospects of thebaine production through tissue culture. Alkaloid profile of variant showed higher thebaine in stem followed by leaf callus, stem callus and cotyledons. Such a high content of thebaine from tissue raised plant material opens a new vista for the extraction of thebaine at commercial level. A comparison was also made between in vivo and in vitro cost of production and extraction of thebaine.

Calotropis gigantea , R.Br. is a plant with clusters of flowers of white or lavender colour. They grow widely in Singapore, China, Thailand, Malay Islands and Sri Lanka. In India, the shrubs are very common and grow widely in compounds of temples and other waste lands. It is called as Madar. Large shrub or small tree up to 4-10 m tall, much-branched at base, stems erect, up to 20 cm in diameter; bark pale grey, longitudinally cracked; young shoots woolly hairy; latex in all parts. The White Madar plants are very slow growing but are fleshy in nature especially the leaves and stems. The latex, leaves, flowers, barks and roots of this plant are used as potential remedy for the treatment of a range of ailments. C. gigantea contain chemical constituents are cardenolides, flavonoids, terpenes, pregnanes and a non-protein amino acid. The plant has been used for various disease condition including leprosy, ulcers, tumours and piles. Various pharmacological activities reported like Analgesic activity, Antipyretic activity, Pregnancy interceptive activity, CNS activity, Anti-inflammatory activity, Procoagulant activity, Anti-diarrhoeal activity, free redical scavenging activity, Antimicrobial Activity, Anti-tumor activity, Antifungal activity, Antitussive activity, and Antifeedent activity. In view of this the present study was investigated to review the phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, medicinal properties and biological properties of Calotropis gigantea .

We report the postmortem findings in a 28-year-old immunocompetent male patient, a rare case of tuberculous liver abscesses with concomitant pericardial abscess in the absence of pleuropulmonary or splenic involvement, who continued to be a diagnostic dilemma. This case report illustrates the difficulty in reaching the correct diagnosis in case of hepatic masses, which are most often confused with carcinoma of the liver, primary or metastatic and, hence, have been aptly referred to as pseudotumoral hepatic tuberculosis in the past.

A wide variety of cis-fused hexahydrocyclopenta [b] furan-4-ones (3, n=0), hexahydro-4(2H)-benzofuranones (3, n=1), and octahydrocyclohepta [b] furan-4-ones (3, n=2) can be prepared with high levels of stereocontrol by the title reaction. The scope and limitations of this powerful new method for assembling polycyclic ethers are explored in detail. Conformational analysis of potential oxabicyclo [4.4.0] decanyl, oxabicyclo [4.3.0] nonanyl, and oxabicyclo [4.2.0] octanyl cation intermediates allows the stereochemical outcome of the title reaction to be predicted

Objectives:To evaluate the effectiveness of a school based intervention program on gingival health of 10–12 year old government aided school children of Basavangudi in Bangalore city. Methods (Design):A 6 month randomized controlled trial was conducted on 264 subjects, aged 10–12 years to evaluate the effectiveness of school based intervention (oral health education) given in three different forms against a control group which received no intervention. These schools were randomly assigned as group A (control), Group B (class work), Group C (parental) and Group D (both classwork and parental). Intervention was given once every two months and their oral hygiene practices recorded by a questionnaire. The changes were recorded using Silness and Loe Plaque index and Loe and Silness Gingival index at pre and post intervention (2 months after the last intervention). Student's t test and one way ANOVA was used to compare the mean differences between pre and post intervention scores, followed by Post hoc test for within group differences. Results:Reduction observed in plaque and gingival scores following interventions were statistically significant (p

A 24-year-old lady presented with the complaints of asymptomatic dark, raised lesions over her body since past 4 years. Dermatological examination revealed hyperkeratotic, hyperpigmented papules in a Blaschkoid distribution over trunk and extremities. The hyperkeratotic lesions could be removed leaving behind a small crater. Skin biopsy revealed hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis with epidermal invagination, focal cornified plug with basophilic degenerated material and dyskeratotic keratinocytes. Dermis showed dilated capillaries with moderate amount of perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate and granulomatous lymphocytic infiltrate in the deep dermis. A diagnosis of Kyrle′s disease was made and patient was started on oral acitretin 25 mg daily with satisfactory response to therapy. This is the first reported instance of Kyrle′s disease occurring in an extensive Blaschkoid distribution.

Serious hepatic and cardiovascular complications after treatment with the thiazolidinedione (TZD) class of insulin sensitizers have significantly retarded the advancement of new TZD-based peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists that bind with high affinity and selectivity. The aim of the present study is to design new antihyperglycemic agents that promote insulin sensitivity through partial adipogenesis as well as demonstrate beneficial hepatoprotective activity. The results indicated that among forty screened compounds, three of the novel pyranones at a dose of 10 μM increased the preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes in 3T3-L1 cell lines. They showed an insulin-sensitizing effect by significantly increasing the glucose uptake and exhibited insulin resistance reversal. These compounds at a dose of 20 mg kg−1 significantly protected against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxic changes in the serum biochemistry as compared to standard hepatoprotectant silymarin and also ameliorated the histopathological alterations in the liver tissues after acute liver injury in Swiss mice.

La trimethyl-2,2,4 oxathiolanne-1,3one-2 (A) est alkylee en 4 par des halogenures d'alkyle en presence de LDA/HMPT; la dimethyl-2,2,4 oxathiolanne-1,3one-2 (B) ne donne pas de produit d'alkylation. Les deux composes A et B donnent des produits d'aldolisation diastereoisomeres avec des aldehydes et cetones et des produits d'addition 1,2 ou 1,4 avec la cyclohexene-2one ou la butene-3one-2

L'exces diastereoisomere est relie a la densite d'electrons π et aux effets steriques dans l'electrophile