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Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is the inability to control the urinary bladder, which affects the functional, social, medical and hygienic areas and alters the quality of life of older adults, which will lead to several pathologies such as urinary incontinence. Objectives: To determine the quality of life in older adults with urinary incontinence attending Health Units in the Azogues canton, 2023-2024. Methods: A quantitative observational, analytical, and prospective study was conducted, with a sample of 80 older adults with urinary incontinence (UI) attending Health Units in the Azogues canton. Data were collected through a direct interview that gathered sociodemographic information: gender, age >65 years, education level, and marital status. Quality of life and urinary incontinence were assessed using the WHOQOL-OLD and ICIQ-UI SF questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 21.0 and presented in tables. Results: The sociodemographic variables showed that the female sex prevailed over the male sex, at ages of 65-75 years, level of "primary" education and marital status "married." The most common type of incontinence was “urge”. The WHOQOL-OLD instrument has a “good” quality of life and the ICIQ-UI SF instrument has a score of 10. Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors and the type of urinary incontinence affect the quality of life in older adults. Early diagnosis could help establish better control of the pathology

Background: Neonatal mortality is a health problem affecting Latin American countries, it can be prevented by providing adequate health care at all levels (1). One of the protocols to prevent neonatal death is the application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (2). Objectives: To determine the knowledge and attitudes of nursing professionals on neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in two hospitals in the Austro region of Ecuador, 2023-2024. Methods: The method used was a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study. A 48-question questionnaire on the level of knowledge and attitudes about neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPRN) was administered to nurses working at the Hospital de Especialidades "José Carrasco Arteaga" and the Hospital "Homero Castanier Crespo". The information was condensed in a database in Microsoft Excel 2019 and analyzed in the IBM SPSS Statistics version 18 program according to the type of variable; for qualitative variables, absolute frequencies and percentages were used; and for quantitative variables, measures of central tendency and dispersion were used. Results: Of all the nursing professionals who participated in the study, 19.8% had a good level of knowledge of CPRN, 75.3% had fair knowledge and 4.9% had poor knowledge. In terms of attitude, 95.4% have a positive attitude and 4.6% have a negative attitude. Conclusion: The nursing professionals studied have a fair level of knowledge and a positive attitude towards CPRN.

The main objective of this research is to determine the effect that tax obligations have on the artisanal turning industry in Portoviejo, having a methodology based on descriptive and documentary research. In turn, the design used was non-experimental, descriptive transactional and of a qualitative nature, helping us to answer and analyze the different questions of the problem, since they combine the analysis of documents and field techniques, such as: the survey and the interview. The data were processed through qualitative techniques: content analysis, critical and comparative; In the city of Portoviejo there are 16 lathes where they make all types of pieces, in each of them there are from 3 to 9 workers depending on the size of these establishments, the vast majority of which are microenterprises, the population to be investigated will be the 16 owners or managers of the turning mills plus their collaborators; thus concluding that the majority of turners do maintain their tax obligations, however, it was found that the impact of non-compliance on the tax collection deficit is due to the lack of adequate knowledge of tax obligations on the part of the artisan, therefore which resulted in delays and inconsistencies, and at the same time resulted in fines and sanctions., La presente investigacion tiene como principal objetivo el determinar el efecto que tiene las obligaciones tributarias con el sector artesanal de las tornerias en Portoviejo, teniendo una metodologia basada en una investigación descriptiva y documental, a su vez el diseño empleado fue no experimental, transaccional  descriptivo y de tipo cualitativos ayudándonos a responder y analizar las distintas preguntas de la problemática, por cuanto se combinan el análisis de documentos y técnicas  de campo, tales como: la encuesta y la entrevista; los datos se procesaron a través de  técnicas cualitativas: análisis de los contenidos, crítico y comparativo; en la ciudad de Portoviejo existen 16 tornerías donde realizan todo tipo de piezas, en cada una de ellas existen de 3 a 9 trabajadores dependiendo el tamaño de estos establecimientos que en su gran mayoría son microempresas, la población a investigar será a los 16 dueños o gerentes de las tornerías más sus colaboradores; concluyendo así en que la mayoría de tornerías si mantienen sus obligaciones tributarias, sin embargo, se encontró que el impacto del incumplimiento en el déficit de recaudación tributaria, se debe a la falta de conocimiento adecuado de las obligaciones tributarias por parte del artesano, por lo cual resultó en retrasos e inconsistencias, y al mismo tiempo resultó en multas y sanciones.

The World Health Organization defines osteoporosis as a degenerative disease that decreases the amount of bone mass, generating fracture complications. Among the susceptible groups is the older adult population, it is said that about 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men suffer from osteoporosis and it is estimated that this number will double in the future. The present research aims to evaluate the quality of life in users with osteoporosis who attend outpatient consultation at the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, 2022-2023, for this purpose a quantitative study of cross-sectional descriptive type was carried out, through the application of direct interview that allowed us to use the questionnaire that collected both sociodemographic data which were: sex, age, work status and level of education; and also evaluated the level of quality of life of older adult users with osteoporosis who attended the outpatient service of the Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital, belonging to the city of Cuenca, Azuay 2022-2023, through the Osteoporosis Targeted Quality of Life (OPTQoL) questionnaire. The data were analyzed in the SPSS Statistics 22 program, using descriptive statistics and tables in which the results were presented. The quality of life in users with osteoporosis who attended the outpatient service of the HVCM, Cuenca 2022- 2023 was in greater proportion the moderate affectation, which had a higher frequency 66 (68.8%) before the mild and severe affectation.

Background: Pressure ulcers are an old problem that affects and has affected all people, without social distinction, during all historical periods, with particular repercussions in older adults, as the ageing process is a stage in which there is a greater risk of presenting this condition, making it difficult to reach an optimal level of health. Objective: To determine the risk of pressure ulcers in older adult patients at the Hogar Cristo Rey and Miguel León in the city of Cuenca, 2022-2023. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive observational study was carried out with a sample of 109 older adults from the Hogar Cristo Rey and Hogar Miguel León Geriatric Centres, selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data collection instruments were the validated Braden and Waterlow scales, which were applied by means of a form. Tabulation was carried out using SPSS-28, Microsoft Excel 2019. Results: The level of risk in Hogar Miguel León and Hogar Cristo Rey according to the Braden scale, is No Risk (36.1%), Low Risk (36.1%), Moderate Risk (15.3%) and High Risk (12.5%). In the same way, in the Waterlow Scale, Risk (81.9%), High Risk (16.7%) and Very High Risk (1.4%) were obtained. Conclusions: According to the two scales applied, it was evidenced that in the geriatric centers studied, the risk is minimal, due to the different specific care provided by the personnel who assist the elderly, however, there is still a minimum part of the population that have a potential risk, because it has not been possible to reduce certain risk factors that directly affect their health.

In an entrepreneurial environment where operational efficiency and market responsiveness are crucial, this study focuses on the San Gregorio Pharmacy network in Portoviejo to examine the impact of inventory management on sales increase. To understand how inventory control strategies can directly influence business performance, a non-experimental cross-sectional methodology of a descriptive correlational level is adopted. This is based on a representative sample of 20 employees and utilizing a Likert-type questionnaire. The results highlight consistent management practices in inventory control, manifested through symmetrical distribution and moderate variability, contrasting with a sales volume that tends towards lower values and shows less variability. This trend suggests a potentially conservative market and highlights the importance of adapting inventory valuation strategies to specific business factors. Furthermore, a significant correlation is observed between the use of registration and evaluation systems, underscoring the importance of data management and business intelligence in making efficient decisions in the pharmaceutical sector., En un entorno empresarial donde la eficiencia operativa y la capacidad de respuesta al mercado son cruciales, este estudio se enfoca en las redes de Farmacias San Gregorio de Portoviejo para examinar el impacto de la gestión de inventarios en el incremento de las ventas. Con el propósito de entender cómo las estrategias de control de inventario pueden influir directamente en el rendimiento comercial, se adopta una metodología transversal no experimental de nivel descriptivo correlacional. A partir de una muestra representativa de 20 empleados y utilizando un cuestionario tipo Likert. Los resultados destacan prácticas de gestión consistentes en el control de inventarios, manifestadas a través de una distribución simétrica y variabilidad moderada, contrastando con un volumen de ventas que tiende hacia valores más bajos y muestra menor variabilidad. Esta tendencia sugiere un mercado potencialmente conservador y destaca la importancia de adaptar las estrategias de valuación de inventarios a factores empresariales específicos. Además, se observa una correlación significativa entre el uso de sistemas de registro y evaluación, lo que resalta la importancia de la gestión de datos y la inteligencia empresarial en la toma de decisiones eficientes en el sector farmacéutico., Em um ambiente de negócios em que a eficiência operacional e a capacidade de resposta ao mercado são cruciais, este estudo se concentra nas redes da Farmacias San Gregorio em Portoviejo para examinar o impacto da gestão de estoques no crescimento das vendas. Para entender como as estratégias de controle de estoque podem influenciar diretamente o desempenho comercial, é adotada uma metodologia descritiva correlacional não experimental de corte transversal. Com base em uma amostra representativa de 20 funcionários e usando um questionário do tipo Likert. Os resultados destacam práticas de gestão consistentes no controle de estoques, manifestadas por meio de uma distribuição simétrica e variabilidade moderada, contrastando com um volume de vendas que tende a valores mais baixos e apresenta menor variabilidade. Essa tendência sugere um mercado potencialmente conservador e destaca a importância de adaptar as estratégias de avaliação de estoque a fatores comerciais específicos. Além disso, observa-se uma correlação significativa entre o uso de sistemas de registro e avaliação, destacando a importância do gerenciamento de dados e da inteligência comercial para a tomada de decisões eficientes no setor farmacêutico.

Both climacteric and menopause are natural or physiological processes occurring between 45 and 55 years of age, during which various symptoms are produced. Currently in our country, intercultural self-care practices are in decline due to the lack of knowledge and its implementation, as well as its displacement by other therapies such as pharmacological treatment or associated therapies. The objective of this research was to describe knowledge, beliefs and intercultural self-care practices of climacteric and menopausal women in the health centers of Azogues, 2023-2024. A study was carried out with a qualitative approach of phenomenological type that allowed us to know the meanings that individuals give to their experience, trying to see things from the point of view of other people describing and interpreting them. Among the main results it was observed that the term climacteric was totally unknown while menopause was related to the symptoms that occur during it, they considered that both stages brought with them positive and negative contributions and to treat them it was necessary to have a good diet and the varied use of medicinal plants through infusions and baths, Much of the knowledge about the different methods of self-care and ancestral practices was associated with the influence of society and according to the culture, in many of them highlighted the part of education and economic resources with respect to self-care practiced by women in the parishes of Luis Cordero and Cojitambo

Background: During the last years, the remarkable population growth of older adults has been seen, many of them do not have a full and optimal aging due to multiple pathologies developed as a consequence of unhealthy behaviors and behaviors throughout their lives, facts that directly affect the quality of life of the elderly. For this reason, this priority group requires more investment in more complex medical care and institutionalizations for specific care, causing high monetary costs for the family and for the State, in order to provide care to the elderly population. that each time becomes even more dependent. General Objective: Determine the Quality of Life of the Older Adults of Hogar Cristo Rey through the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, Cuenca, 2022-2023. Materials and methods: The study carried out is quantitative, descriptive, applying the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire that evaluates the quality of life of the Elderly person, the results will be quantified through the SPSS program and presented in Excel tables and graphs. Results: The quality of life is quite good, the highest score is reflected in the Environmental domain with 55% and the lowest in the Social with 40%, there are no significant differences in demographic variables such as sex or age, but with the level of instruction (p=0.034). Conclusion: Overall, a fairly good quality of life is perceived within Hogar Cristo Rey. The data obtained will be used for future research.

The use of technology in both institutions and the population has become increasingly common. For this reason, a mobile application called "Recicla y Gana" has been created with the aim of promoting the recycling culture in Portoviejo. The application offers easy-to-use menu options and educational content about recycling. For the development of this application, a qualitative-quantitative and exploratory research methodology was employed and carried out through Adabo tools. The results include a detailed step-by-step process of the application and screenshots showing how to access it from a mobile device. It is expected that "Recicla y Gana" will be a practical and useful tool for the inhabitants of Portoviejo, as it will allow them to access information on recycling points and waste prices from anywhere and at any time., La utilización de tecnología tanto en instituciones como en la población se ha vuelto cada vez más común. Por esta razón, se ha creado una aplicación móvil llamada "Recicla y Gana" con el objetivo de promover la cultura del reciclaje en Portoviejo. La aplicación ofrece opciones de menú fáciles de usar y contenido educativo sobre el reciclaje. Para la elaboración de esta aplicación, se empleó una metodología de investigación enfoque cualitativo-cuantitativo y exploratorio y se realizó a través de herramientas de Adabo. Los resultados incluyen un detallado paso a paso del proceso de la aplicación y capturas de pantalla que muestran cómo acceder a ella desde un dispositivo móvil. Se espera que "Recicla y Gana" sea una herramienta práctica y útil para los habitantes de Portoviejo, ya que les permitirá acceder a información sobre los puntos de reciclaje y los precios de los residuos desde cualquier lugar y en cualquier momento.

Backgrounds. Nosocomial infections are related to the mortality and morbidity of patients in the hospital area, contributing to health care costs, and also prolong the patient's hospital stay or cause long-term disability. Of the nosocomial infections, the most common are Surgical Site Infections (SSI), the same ones that are related to the increase in the morbidity and mortality rate, despite the fact that these infections are preventable. Objective. To determine the prevalence and risk factors of Surgical Site Infections in the Surgery service of the Hospital Homero Castanier Crespo. Azogues 2016-2020. Methods. A descriptive study of prevalence and risk factors in the Surgery service of the Homero Castanier Crespo Hospital was carried out through the anonymized review of clinical records during the years 2016-2020, for which a form was developed by the authors. The questions posed allowed to know the prevalence and risk factors caused at the surgical site. A multivariate analysis was performed, using the SPSS 25 program. The results were presented in graphs with absolute and relative frequencies, measures of central tendency and dispersion, with their respective analyses, obtaining the Chi-square with a p-value ≤ 0.11. Expected results. The present investigation obtained data on the prevalence of Surgical Site Infections of 16.2%, in addition, data on risk factors were obtained, which contributed to intrahospital planning to reduce the rate of Nosocomial Infections.

ntroduction: Urinary Incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine, negatively affects the quality of life and prevails in the female sex. The increase in older adults in the future will bring with it the greater presentation of multiple pathologies, including UI. Objective: To identify the quality of life of older adults with Urinary Incontinence who attend the Health Centers of the city of Cuenca using the King's Health Questionnaire scale, Cuenca 2022 - 2023. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive quantitative study was carried out, with a sample of 50 older adults with UI who attend the Health Centers of the city of Cuenca. Sociodemographic data was collected through the INEC Form - Socioeconomic Level Stratification, the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) Scale was also applied to measure quality of life. The results were analyzed using the SPSS Statistics 21.0 program. Results: The age group in which UI prevails was 65-79 years. In relation to daily activities, 14% of the participants with UI feel very affected, 34% feel slightly affected in their social life and 48% are slightly affected in their emotional state. Conclusion: The socioeconomic level of the sample and the symptoms of UI affect the quality of life. Older adults do not emphasize the importance that this condition requires, since they consider it a normal change and do not attend continuous medical control.

Background: With the improvement in life expectancy, there is a need to determine cognitive deterioration, in order to take the necessary preventive measures; as well as prolonging their independence to carry out the basic activities of daily life to improve the quality of life. Objective: To determine the cognitive level and the ability to perform the basic activities of daily life, through the application of the MMSE mini-mental test and basic activities of daily life, in the elderly of the Sayausi parish, Cuenca 2022. Methodology: An epidemiological, quantitative, cross-sectional study was carried out, the universe is 440, and the sample 215. The tabulation and its results were carried out in the SPSS 28.01 program and are presented in simple tables of frequency and percentage. Results: The average age is 76 years. In the basic activities of daily life between 93.95% and 98.60% are independent; require support between 0.93% and 9.76%; and between 0.47% and 1.40% are dependents. According to the MMSE, the majority present mild cognitive impairment with 52.57%, without impairment 34.88%, suspected impairment 10.23%, moderate cognitive impairment 1.39%, severe cognitive impairment 0.93%. Conclusion: There is a high percentage of older adults with normal cognition, which allows them to function lucidly to face the life's challenges. It is important to keep their cognition in optimal conditions; and in the same way, the ability to carry out the daily activities.

This research aimed to determine the influence of administrative management on the organizational development of Ecuadorian higher education institutions. Methodologically, it was developed with the positivist paradigm, oriented towards a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, transactional, correlational design. The population was made up of 685 teachers attached to the Technical University of Manabí, from which the sample of 247 carefully selected people was derived, to whom the data collection instrument was applied to collect information on how important it is for organizational development administrative management. The results showed that 49% of the interviewed participants stated that administrative management goes hand in hand with optimal and sustainable development of higher education institutions, 48% neutrally noted the implementation of administrative management workshops, 32% believe that it is not necessary to implement strategies and projects that allow promoting good administrative management, allowing the obtaining of good resources, including technological, human and scientific resources, to decrease. From the study carried out, it was found that the behavior of the variables analyzed is linear; therefore, it is concluded that the relationship between them is direct and, therefore positive., Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de la gestión administrativa sobre el desarrollo organizacional de las instituciones de educación superior ecuatorianas. Metodológicamente fue desarrollado con el paradigma positivista, orientado en un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no experimental, transaccional, correlacional. La población la conformaron 685 docentes adscritos a la Universidad Técnica de Manabí de los cuales se derivó la muestra de 247 personas seleccionadas de forma minuciosa, a los cuales se aplicó el instrumento de recolección de datos, para lograr recabar información sobre qué tan importante es para el desarrollo organizacional la gestión administrativa. Los resultados arrojaron que el 49% de los participantes entrevistados, manifestaron que la gestión administrativa va de la mano ampliamente con un desarrollo óptimo y sostenible de las instituciones de educación superior, un 48% manifestó de modo neutral la implementación de talleres de gestión administrativa, el 32% cree que no es necesario implementar estrategias y proyectos que permitan fomentar la buena gestión administrativa, permitiendo que disminuya la obtención de buenos recursos, entre ellos los tecnológicos, los humanos y los científicos. Del estudio realizado, se pudo constatar que el comportamiento de las variables analizadas es de tipo lineal, por tanto, se concluye que la relación entre ellas es directa y por ende positiva., Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la influencia de la gestión administrativa sobre el desarrollo organizacional de las instituciones de educación superior ecuatorianas. Metodológicamente fue desarrollado con el paradigma positivista, orientado en un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no experimental, transaccional, correlacional. La población la conformaron 685 docentes adscritos a la Universidad Técnica de Manabí de los cuales se derivó la muestra de 247 personas seleccionadas de forma minuciosa, a los cuales se aplicó el instrumento de recolección de datos, para lograr recabar información sobre qué tan importante es para el desarrollo organizacional la gestión administrativa. Los resultados arrojaron que el 49% de los participantes entrevistados, manifestaron que la gestión administrativa va de la mano ampliamente con un desarrollo óptimo y sostenible de las instituciones de educación superior, un 48% manifestó de modo neutral la implementación de talleres de gestión administrativa, el 32% cree que no es necesario implementar estrategias y proyectos que permitan fomentar la buena gestión administrativa, permitiendo que disminuya la obtención de buenos recursos, entre ellos los tecnológicos, los humanos y los científicos. Del estudio realizado, se pudo constatar que el comportamiento de las variables analizadas es de tipo lineal, por tanto, se concluye que la relación entre ellas es directa y por ende positiva.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) constitute a sector of great importance in the economic context of Ecuador, where the study was carried out with the general objective of describing the factors that affect the management of SMEs in the province of Manabí. It is concluded that SMEs are considered the main engine of society, who are responsible for meeting the demand for the production of goods/services, generating business flows, economy, business activities and providing people with job opportunities where they reside. In Ecuador, it is reflected in political and governmental changes that affect the business development of SMEs with businesses facing the local and national environment, in search of opportunities. On the part of the legal mechanisms of regulation, productive transformation and added value, the management of SMEs in this factor would be guaranteed in the short and medium term. At the same time, it is essential that technologies support companies and that they respond to local, national and international requirements to access different markets and, in the same way, SMEs can be involved in it.Although it has its limitations and there are incidences in the various factors; also, it is real that they have a market to provide services and solutions, where their best strategies and management must be exercised so that they remain active., Las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pymes), constituyen un sector de gran importancia en el contexto económico de Ecuador, donde se realizó el estudio con el objetivo general de describir los factores que inciden en la gestión de las Pymes de la provincia de Manabí. Se concluye que las Pymes se consideran el principal motor de la sociedad, quienes se encargan de satisfacer la demanda de la producción de bienes/servicios, generando flujos de negocios, economía, actividades empresariales y proporciona a las personas oportunidades de trabajo donde residen. En Ecuador se ve reflejado en cambios políticos y gubernamentales que afectan el desarrollo empresarial de las Pymes con negocios de cara al entorno local y nacional, en búsqueda de oportunidades. Por parte de los mecanismos legales de regulación, transformación productiva y valor agregado, la gestión de las Pymes en este factor se garantizaría en el corto y mediano plazo. A su vez, es imprescindible que las tecnologías sean el apoyo a las empresas y que respondan a las exigencias locales, nacionales e internacionales para acceder a los diferentes mercados y en igual sentido las Pymes puedan estar involucradas en ello. Si bien tiene sus limitantes y existen incidencias en los diversos factores; también, es real que tienen un mercado al cual brindar servicios y soluciones, donde se deben ejercer sus mejores estrategias y gestión para que se mantengan activas.

The present investigation is developed with the objective of studying the importance of tax collection for the social support of the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Portoviejo for the year 2021. Therefore, a qualitative approach methodology is used, descriptive and with an analytical method, applying an interview addressed to 8 people, including the director of the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Portoviejo, highlighting among the main objectives found that for the Municipal GAD`s, executing the necessary actions to manage the collection of taxes is of great importance. importance by virtue of promoting the transformation of the income obtained into actions that contribute to the economic and social development of the communities. In the case of the Decentralized Autonomous Government of the Canton of Portoviejo, the GAD administration has carried out the necessary steps through policies that promote tax collection, providing knowledge to its officials of the importance of these revenues for social support actions. that are oriented to the development of the nation., A presente investigação desenvolve-se com o objetivo de estudar a importância da cobrança de impostos para o apoio social do Governo Autónomo Descentralizado de Portoviejo para o ano de 2021. Para tanto, é utilizada uma metodologia de abordagem qualitativa, descritiva e com método analítico, aplicando uma entrevista dirigida a 8 pessoas, incluindo o diretor do Governo Autônomo Descentralizado de Portoviejo, destacando entre os principais objetivos encontrados que para os GAD's Municipais, executar as ações necessárias para gerenciar a arrecadação de impostos é de grande importância. a transformação da renda obtida em ações que contribuam para o desenvolvimento econômico e social das comunidades. No caso do Governo Autônomo Descentralizado do Cantão de Portoviejo, a administração do GAD realizou as medidas necessárias por meio de políticas que promovem a cobrança de impostos, fornecendo aos seus funcionários o conhecimento da importância dessas receitas para ações de apoio social. o desenvolvimento da nação., La presente investigación se desarrolla con el objetivo de estudiar la importancia que tiene la recaudación de los impuestos para el apoyo social del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado de Portoviejo para el año 2021. Por lo cual, se emplea una metodología de enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo y con método analítico, aplicando una entrevista dirigida a 8 personas entre ellas el director del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado de Portoviejo, resaltando entre los principales objetivos encontrados que para los GAD`s Municipales, ejecutar las acciones necesarias para gestionar la recaudación de los impuestos es de gran importancia en virtud de promover la transformación de los ingresos obtenidos en acciones que contribuyan al desarrollo económico y social de las comunidades. En el caso del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado del Cantón de Portoviejo, la administración del GAD ha ejecutado las gestiones necesarias a través de políticas que impulsan la recaudación tributaria, brindando el conocimiento a sus funcionarios de la importancia que tienen estos ingresos para las acciones de apoyo social que se orientan al desarrollo de la nación.

Economic profitability is the indicator that reflects the items obtained by the company, in addition to this, the objective of the study is to identify the variables responsible for the company to generate profitability. The methodology used is a descriptive bibliographical approach, obtaining all the reference materials related to the most representative aspects of Martagua's business profitability, based on previous studies. All the workers of the Martagua company were considered. When approaching this work as a study, no sampling formula was applied and we worked with all those who currently work in the company. It is, therefore, a sample chosen for convenience, that is, a "non-probabilistic sampling." Data collection was done through the observation technique, which allowed achieving the results identified in the problem. Given as a result that the micro-sized company has a greater opportunity to improve its financial performance, as long as it has qualified personnel, fixed assets and good financing, improving the economic performance of the company Martagua S.A. Additionally, it is proposed to implement inventories for raw materials and finished products, which contributes to better economic performance. Proposing an efficiency on the part of the social, economic, technological and environmental order. Therefore, it is necessary to change the paradigms that occur in the environment., A lucratividade econômica é o indicador que reflete os itens obtidos pela empresa, além disso, o objetivo do estudo é identificar as variáveis responsáveis pela empresa gerar lucratividade. A metodologia utilizada é uma abordagem bibliográfica descritiva, obtendo todos os materiais de referência relacionados aos aspectos mais representativos da rentabilidade do negócio da Martagua, com base em estudos anteriores. Foram considerados todos os trabalhadores da empresa Martagua. Ao abordar este trabalho como um estudo, não foi aplicada nenhuma fórmula de amostragem e trabalhamos com todos os que trabalham atualmente na empresa. Trata-se, portanto, de uma amostra escolhida por conveniência, ou seja, uma "amostragem não probabilística". A coleta de dados foi feita por meio da técnica de observação, que permitiu alcançar os resultados identificados no problema. Dado que a micro empresa tem maior oportunidade de melhorar seu desempenho financeiro, desde que tenha pessoal qualificado, ativos fixos e bom financiamento, melhorando o desempenho econômico da empresa Martagua S.A. Adicionalmente, propõe-se a implementação de inventários de matérias-primas e produtos acabados, o que contribui para um melhor desempenho económico. Propondo uma eficiência por parte da ordem social, econômica, tecnológica e ambiental. Portanto, é necessário mudar os paradigmas que ocorrem no meio ambiente., La rentabilidad económica es el indicador que refleja los rubros que obtiene la empresa, aunado a ello, el objetivo del estudio es identificar las variables responsables para que la empresa genere rentabilidad. La metodología utilizada es un enfoque bibliográfico descriptivo, obteniendo todos los materiales de referencia relacionados con los aspectos más representativos de la rentabilidad empresarial de Martagua, a partir de estudios previos. Se consideraron todos los trabajadores de la empresa Martagua. Al abordar este trabajo a modo de estudio no se aplicó fórmula de muestreo y se trabajó con todos los que laboran actualmente en la empresa. Se trata, por lo tanto, de una muestra escogida por conveniencia es decir un “muestreo no probabilístico.” La recolección de datos se hizo a través de la técnica de observación, la cual permitió alcanzar los resultados identificados en la problemática. Dado como resultado que la empresa de tamaño micro tiene mayor oportunidad de mejorar su rendimiento financiero, siempre y cuando se disponga de un personal calificado, activos fijos y un buen financiamiento, mejorando el desempeño económico de la empresa Martagua S.A. Adicionalmente, se propone implementar inventarios para la materia prima y los productos terminados, lo que contribuye a tener un mejor desempeño económico. Proponiendo una eficiencia por parte del orden social, económico, tecnológico y ambiental. Por lo tanto, se hace necesario cambiar los paradigmas que se producen en el entorno.

The spread of the covid-19 pandemic has generated great impacts on the Ecuadorian economy and business profitability, which is why this research study was developed with the aim of investigating the profitability of the pharmaceutical sector due to the effect of Covid-19, in Portoviejo, for which the research is framed in a quantitative approach methodology with an exploratory type and an explanatory method. Using the documentary review and the survey as data collection techniques, which was addressed to a population of 16 existing pharmacies in the city of Portoviejo. In which, among the findings obtained, the profitability based on sales in this pandemic period was high for this sector, which was calculated based on knowing the direct costs and their repercussion in an adequate way in the rest of indirect expenses. of the pharmacies, despite the limitations imposed by the forced confinement and the period of adaptation to the circumstances. The situation of the pandemic caused a better application and control of operating expenses in this productive sector, and its purpose was to carry out short- and long-term planning correctly, according to the flows of income and expenses that were manifested in that period, for so the planning of expenses was not focused on reducing them, but rather on a better use of resources., A propagação da pandemia de covid-19 gerou grandes impactos na economia equatoriana e na rentabilidade dos negócios, razão pela qual este estudo de pesquisa foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de investigar a rentabilidade do setor farmacêutico devido ao efeito do Covid-19, em Portoviejo , para a qual a investigação se enquadra numa metodologia de abordagem quantitativa com tipo exploratório e método explicativo. Utilizando a revisão documental e o levantamento como técnicas de coleta de dados, a qual foi dirigida a uma população de 16 farmácias existentes na cidade de Portoviejo. Em que, entre os achados obtidos, a rentabilidade com base nas vendas neste período de pandemia foi alta para este setor, que foi calculada com base no conhecimento dos custos diretos e sua repercussão de forma adequada no restante das despesas indiretas. das farmácias, apesar das limitações impostas pelo confinamento forçado e pelo período de adaptação às circunstâncias. A situação da pandemia ocasionou uma melhor aplicação e controle das despesas operacionais neste setor produtivo, e seu objetivo foi realizar corretamente o planejamento de curto e longo prazo, de acordo com os fluxos de receitas e despesas que se manifestaram naquele período, para tanto, o planejamento dos gastos não estava focado em reduzi-los, mas sim em uma melhor utilização dos recursos., La propagación de la pandemia covid-19 ha generado grandes impactos en la economía y rentabilidad empresarial ecuatoriana, es por ello que el presente estudio de investigación se desarrolló con el objetivo de investigar la rentabilidad del sector farmacéutico por efecto del Covid-19 en Portoviejo, por lo cual se enmarca la investigación en una metodología de enfoque cuantitativo con tipo exploratorio y método explicativo. Utilizando la revisión documental y la encuesta como técnicas de recolección de datos la cual se dirigió a una población de 16 farmacias existentes en la ciudad de Portoviejo. En la que se resaltan entre los hallazgos obtenidos que la rentabilidad basada en las ventas en este período de pandemia fue alta para este sector, la cual fue calculada en base a conocer los costos directos y su repercusión de manera adecuada en el resto de gastos indirectos de las farmacias, a pesar de las limitaciones que se impusieron por el encierro forzoso y el período de adaptación a las circunstancias. La situación de la pandemia provocó una mejor aplicación y control de los gastos operativos en este sector productivo, y su finalidad fue realizar planificaciones a corto y largo plazo de forma acertada, conforme los flujos de ingresos y gastos que se manifestaron en ese período, por lo que la planificación de los gastos no se enfocó en la disminución de los mismos, sino más bien a un mejor aprovechamiento de los recursos.

El presente artículo se desarrolla con el objetivo de analizar la importancia del uso del marketing digital y las redes sociales como estrategia para el posicionamiento de las PYMES y la obtención del éxito en el emprendimiento empresarial; para ello se empleó una metodología documental, de tipo descriptiva con diseño no experimental y método inductivo. Entre los principales hallazgos se destaca que el uso de la tecnología se ha convertido en una herramienta para que las empresas puedan adaptarse a las necesidades de los consumidores y así fortalecer su marca y posicionamiento en el mercado debido al distanciamiento social como medida de prevención contra el COVID-19.

Background: Pregnancy in advanced ages has become one of the main public health problems due to the already manifested increase in maternal mortality and morbidity. The numbers of complications and fetal deaths have been considered to increase annually. Objective: To identify obstetric complications that occur in elderly pregnant women who enter the gynecology and obstetrics area of the Macas General Hospital, between April 2020-November 2020. Methodology: A quantitative, observational cross-sectional study is presented, consisting of 70 pregnant women who attended the Gynecology and Obstetrics area of the General Hospital of Macas. Sociodemographic variables, clinical characteristics, pre-existing and obstetric comorbidities were collected. The data were analyzed using the SPSS22.0 program represented in tables of frequencies and percentages. Results: The incidence of pregnancies was 50% in women aged 40 – 44 years. Regarding dystocic births, there were 40%, 32.9% of pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortions, stillbirths in 4.2% and preterm births in 5.7%. The comorbidities with the highest incidence were: thyroid disorders with 22.3% and Diabetes Mellitus with 18.6%. Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy represented the highest percentage of pathologies (OR = 2,800 95% CI 1.02–7.61, P value = 0.041).

Background: Climacteric and menopause are natural morph physiological processes of women that are experienced in a unique way. These stages usually occur between 45 and 55 years of age. In our country, there is a lack of knowledge regarding self-care practices that are essential to help cope with these processes without affecting their quality of life. Objectives: To describe the knowledge, beliefs and intercultural practices of self-care of women in climacteric and menopause the Tarqui region in 2022. Methods: A study was carried out with a qualitative approach of a phenomenological type that allowed us to know the meanings that individuals give to their experience from their perspective, describing them. The technique used for data collection was an in-depth interviews that were applied to 8 women from the communities of Morascalle and Tañiloma, the same one that was elaborated based on the categories. The information was recorded, transcribed into words and analyzed with the Atlas.ti program for proper categorization and data coding. Results: The in-depth interviews allowed to identify the knowledge that the climacteric and menopausal women of the Tarqui parish possess, in the case of the climacteric for some it was unknown, on the other hand they had a wide knowledge about the menopause, they knew the symptomatology and the possible complications that can be caused by poor self-care. To treat the signs and symptoms among its practices, healthy eating, physical activity, steam baths or specific mounts stand out. We can also highlight that there is a great influence of society, culture, economic resources and education regarding self-care, practiced by the women of the Tarqui parish.

El presente estudio de investigación tiene el objetivo principal de analizar la recaudación de tributos del GAD Municipal de Portoviejo y su incidencia a las personas con discapacidad de la Fundación San Jorge. Por lo cual, se aplicó una metodología de tipo documental, con carácter no experimental aplicando los métodos inductivos-deductivos con la finalidad de alcanzar los objetivos planteados en la investigación. Destacando entre los resultados obtenidos que, en la actualidad, se precisa de una mayor recaudación tributaria que respondan la entrega de mejores servicios a la ciudad, a fin de realzar las condiciones de vida de la ciudadanía, ya que dichos tributos se convierten en un recurso de inversión social para el cantón. Del mismo modo es importante destacar que para el año 2020, el GAD Municipal de Portoviejo dispuso de sus partidas presupuestarias un aporte de $ 13.000,00 dirigidos al proyecto de la Fundación de ayuda mutual “San Jorge”, con vigencia de 12 meses, a través de un convenio interinstitucional entre el GAD Municipal del Cantón de Portoviejo, y la Fundación de ayuda mutual “San Jorge”.

El presente estudio de investigación, se llevó a cabo con el objetivo principal de estudiar el impacto que tuvo la recaudación tributaria por Régimen Impositivo Simplificado (RISE), en el cantón Montecristi durante el periodo 2020-2021. Por lo cual se enmarca el estudio de la metodología de enfoque mixto (cuali-cuantitativo), con el uso de los métodos descriptivo, analítico, inductivo-deductivo, en el cual se estudian documentos como la Ley Orgánica de Régimen Tributario Interno (LORTI), que incluye las legislaciones anteriores y los nuevos decretos ejecutivos, así como la facultad que tiene Servicio de Rentas Internas (SRI) para la recaudación de este régimen, de los cuales se recolectaron estadísticas por diferentes tipos de impuesto y tributaciones recaudadas durante los periodos del 2020 y 2021, obteniendo entre los principales resultados que existe una gran diferencia entre los dos periodos especialmente en el año 2021, donde Ecuador experimentó un momento de déficit económico en las recaudaciones tributarias, por lo que la informalidad aumento por los despidos de varias empresas sobre todo las micro empresas que se vieron en la necesidad de realizar a causa de la crisis económica consecuencia del Covid-19, por lo que el gobierno dispuso en su decreto presidencial que los periodos que los contribuyentes no pudieron pagar en el año 2021, lo podían pagar en los meses establecidos, permitiendo recuperar los recursos económicos para la economía del país.

El presente estudio, titulado calidad de las notas de enfermería en el hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso, se llevó a cabo. Con el objetivo: determinar la calidad de las notas de enfermería registradas en las historias clínicas de los pacientes egresados del servicio de medicina en el hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso: Corresponde a un estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. El estudio incluyó a 220 HC de egresados, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La recolección de datos se hizo a través de la observación y análisis de contenido de las notas de enfermería registradas por enfermeras durante el periodo de estudio. En cuanto al análisis de la estructura de las notas de enfermería, los hallazgos revelan un nivel de calidad no eficiente, teniendo en cuenta que entre el 90 al 100% de historias clínicas evidencian notas de enfermería: incompletas, inexactas, inconsistentes e intrascendentes. Se evidencian notas de enfermería ilegibles, y, falta de ortografía. Respecto al contenido, en el 100% de historias clínicas se evidencian notas de enfermería carentes de información respecto a la valoración integral del paciente, de las intervenciones de enfermería, y de las respuestas humanas conforme a su evolución. No se registra la comunicación o interacción con los pacientes, comentarios o consultas, ni aspectos relacionados con la información o educación personalizada. Finalmente se concluye que el 100% de historias clínicas evidencian notas de enfermería, en un nivel de calidad no eficientes.

The purpose of this research was to understand the attitude of the university student in the use of information and communication technologies in the learning process of the Paulo Emilio Macías Higher Technological Institute. It is based on the interpretive paradigm with an epistemic ethnographic tradition, which consists of the observation, internationalization and interpretation of the reality that develops in the classroom environment. The techniques used were participant observation, narrative recording, and interviewing information recorded in field notes and technological resources. The validation of the research was carried out through internal validity and the analysis was carried out through the categorization and triangulation of the information, obtaining that there are shortcomings in technological skills and a lack of use of technologies in learning spaces in the university, a favorable attitude of the students is visualized in the face of technological innovation, since it is an educational support since it strengthens the investigation by offering extensive educational material, it strengthens the study by facilitating learning. For this reason, the teacher must assume their technological role overcoming the lack of digital skills, as well as the lack of provision of the resource in the spaces to promote its use for educational purposes in the university., El propósito de la presente investigación fue comprender la actitud del estudiante universitario en el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en el proceso de aprendizaje del Instituto Superior Tecnológico Paulo Emilio Macías. Se apoya en el paradigma interpretativo con tradición epistémico etnográfica, la cual consiste en la observación, internalización e interpretación de la realidad que se desarrolla en el ambiente de clase. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la observación participante, el registro narrativo y la entrevista, información registrada en las notas de campo y los recursos tecnológicos. La validación de la investigación se realizó a través de la validez interna y el análisis se realizó mediante la categorización y triangulación de la información, obteniéndose que existen falencias en las habilidades tecnológicas y carencia en el uso de las tecnologías en los espacios de aprendizaje en la universidad, se visualiza una actitud favorable de los estudiantes frente a la innovación tecnológica, pues, es un apoyo educativo ya que fortalece la investigación ofreciendo amplio material educativo, fortalece el estudio facilitando los aprendizajes. Por ello, el docente debe asumir su rol tecnológico superando la carencia de habilidades digitales, así como la falta de dotación del recurso en los espacios para promover su utilización con fines educativos en la universidad.

The purpose of this research was to understand the attitude of the university student in the use of information and communication technologies in the learning process of the Paulo Emilio Macías Higher Technological Institute. It is based on the interpretive paradigm with an epistemic ethnographic tradition, which consists of the observation, internationalization and interpretation of the reality that develops in the classroom environment. The techniques used were participant observation, narrative recording, and interviewing information recorded in field notes and technological resources. The validation of the research was carried out through internal validity and the analysis was carried out through the categorization and triangulation of the information, obtaining that there are shortcomings in technological skills and a lack of use of technologies in learning spaces in the university, a favorable attitude of the students is visualized in the face of technological innovation, since it is an educational support since it strengthens the investigation by offering extensive educational material, it strengthens the study by facilitating learning. For this reason, the teacher must assume their technological role overcoming the lack of digital skills, as well as the lack of provision of the resource in the spaces to promote its use for educational purposes in the university., El propósito de la presente investigación fue comprender la actitud del estudiante universitario en el uso de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en el proceso de aprendizaje del Instituto Superior Tecnológico Paulo Emilio Macías. Se apoya en el paradigma interpretativo con tradición epistémico etnográfica, la cual consiste en la observación, internalización e interpretación de la realidad que se desarrolla en el ambiente de clase. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron la observación participante, el registro narrativo y la entrevista, información registrada en las notas de campo y los recursos tecnológicos. La validación de la investigación se realizó a través de la validez interna y el análisis se realizó mediante la categorización y triangulación de la información, obteniéndose que existen falencias en las habilidades tecnológicas y carencia en el uso de las tecnologías en los espacios de aprendizaje en la universidad, se visualiza una actitud favorable de los estudiantes frente a la innovación tecnológica, pues, es un apoyo educativo ya que fortalece la investigación ofreciendo amplio material educativo, fortalece el estudio facilitando los aprendizajes. Por ello, el docente debe asumir su rol tecnológico superando la carencia de habilidades digitales, así como la falta de dotación del recurso en los espacios para promover su utilización con fines educativos en la universidad.

Background: Burnout syndrome is considered by the World Health Organization as a high work risk factor for people prone to stress overload and whose management is inadequate; it being able to affect the quality of life and sometimes put it at risk, this problem affects any person without distinction, especially who manages great audiences of people. Therefore, teaching in the health area becomes a bivalent profession, with high risk to get the Burnout. Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of Burnout syndrome and associated factors in teachers of the Nursing and Medical Technology careers of the University of Cuenca in times of pandemic (Covid -19) Methodology: The present study is descriptive. The sample finally consisted of 61 professors from the Nursing and Medical Technology careers. The sociodemographic-labor variables were collected, the level of Burnout present in the teachers surveyed through the MBI-ES (Maslach Burnout Inventory - teachers). that were applied through the Google Forms page. The data will be sent in tables of frequencies and percentages with their respective descriptive analysis. Obtained results: It can see in this research work that there is a presence of burnout in some teachers, who are more susceptible, according to work overload as well as to the number of students, “Emotional tiredness” about 41%, “Depersonalization” with 27.9% and a low 32.8% "personal fulfillment"

La negociación colaborativa fomenta la búsqueda de soluciones aceptables para ambas partes, la mejor forma de llevar a cabo este proceso es cara a cara, pero hoy en día, las TIC son herramientas útiles para establecer negociaciones virtuales win-win a distancia. El objetivo general del estudio consistió en analizar el proceso de negociación colaborativa utilizando las TIC. Se eligió una metodología de revisión bibliográfica. Para la búsqueda de información se recurrió a la bases de datos de revistas científicas indexadas, libros online, otros, de reciente publicación desde 2016 hasta 2021, sin embargo, también se tomó en cuenta material de fecha anterior por su relevancia para este trabajo, la recopilación se realizó mediante palabras claves como: negociación, tecnologías de información y comunicación, entre otros. La sistematización de la información se hizo mediante el análisis de contenido. Los resultados dan cuenta de que; las negociaciones son vitales para las empresas y generalmente se plantean desde dos vertientes como confrontación, o bien, como una cooperación, asi desde la percepción colaborativa, se trata de ganar-ganar. En la actualidad, las TIC son una herramienta muy útil para realizar negociaciones colaborativas en un ambiente digital. Se concluye que: la negociación colaborativa es la más ideal cuando se trata de resolver situaciones complejas y que además requieren de tiempo para llevarse a cabo.

Las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) tienen una fuerte presencia desde hace varias décadas en el ámbito educativo universitario, lo que ha hecho posible la aparición de herramientas digitales como los objetos virtuales de aprendizaje (OVA) un recurso que ha modificado los procesos de enseñanza aprendizaje y usada como estrategia didáctica puede lograr un alto nivel de conocimiento y desempeño por parte de los estudiantes. El presente estudio tuvo como propósito analizar objetos virtuales de aprendizaje (OVA) como estrategia didáctica de enseñanza aprendizaje en la educación superior. La investigación fue desarrollada bajo una metodología documental-bibliográfica. Para recabar la información se ingresó en la base de datos de publicaciones recientes desde 2016 hasta 2021, sin embargo, por su pertinencia para esta investigación se tomó en cuenta fuentes de años anteriores a las indicadas. Para analizar el material recopilado se llevó a cabo el análisis de contenido. De ello se concluyó que la tecnología y, particularmente los objetos virtuales de aprendizaje (OVA), aprovechados en su totalidad pueden servir de apoyo a los procesos educativos en el medio universitario en el cometido de la formación de calidad que demanda la actual sociedad.

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre los factores biológicos y conductuales con los niveles de agudeza visual. Desde el punto de vista metodológico este estudio fue cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo, correlacional, transversal y prospectivo. La población objeto de estudio estuvo conformada por los112 alumnos de 6 a 8 años, la muestra estuvo constituida por el 100% de la población ya que fue finita y concreta. Se aplicó tres instrumentos para recoger la información en función de las variables de estudio. Una vez recolectados los datos, las fichas fueron codificadas y luego digitadas. Dicha información, se procesó utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS Versión 17 así mismo, el Programa Microsoft Excel y Word. Para determinar la relación entre las variables, se aplicó la Prueba exacta de Fisher. La información se presentó en tablas y gráficos. En cuanto a los resultados indican que el 88.4% de los alumnos de 6 a 8 años tienen una agudeza visual normal, mientras que el 11,6% presentan impedimentos leves y moderados en su capacidad visual, en cuanto a factores biológicos, los resultados ponen en evidencia que la edad guarda una relación altamente significativa con la agudeza visual (Sig.<0.05), en tanto, el sexo y los antecedentes hereditarios no demostraron relación, respecto a los factores conductuales, se establece que el nivel de esfuerzo, las posturas adoptadas y el desarrollo de actividades al aire libre se relacionan significativamente (Sig. <0.05) con la agudeza visual; en cambio las conductas anómalas no se relacionan (Sig. >0.05) con la agudeza visual. Finalmente se concluyó que la hipótesis de investigación es aceptable en lo que respeta a factores biológicos, solo en lo concerniente a la edad, y a los factores conductuales, excepto las conductas anómalas.