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© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.In this study, we have synthesized a series of 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyridin-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-ol derivatives regioselectively from 2-iminothiazolidin-4-ones using LiAlH4 at room temperature. Due to the presence of the restricted rotation around the N3-Caryl single bond, the formation of M/P isomers was observed. The OH group of the hemiaminal was found to orient itself on the same side with pyridyl nitrogen during this restricted rotation to form an intramolecular hydrogen bond, which was demonstrated by the computational DFT study. This orientation presumably inhibited the occurrence of dehydration and stabilized the molecule.

Background Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and more advanced fibrosis tend to have more impairment in their health-related quality of life and other patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Aim To assess the association of PROs with select non-invasive tests (NITs) for fibrosis including FAST, Agile 3+ and Agile 4 scores Methods We enrolled patients with an established diagnosis of NAFLD who were seen in a tertiary care clinic into the NAFLD/NASH Registry. The FAST, Agile 3+ and Agile 4 scores were calculated using liver stiffness measurements by transient elastography and laboratory parameters. PROs were assessed using FACIT-F, CLDQ-NASH and WPAI instruments (total of 17 domain and summary scores). Results There were 1509 patients with NAFLD (mean age: 49 +/- 11 years, 50% men, 41% employed, 30% advanced fibrosis and 20% cirrhosis). The mean FAST, Agile 3+ and Agile 4 scores were 0.39 +/- 0.26, 0.35 +/- 0.31 and 0.12 +/- 0.23, respectively. Subjects with lower FAST, Agile 3+ and Agile 4 scores had the highest scores in select domains of FACIT-F, CLDQ-NASH and WPAI (p < 0.05 in comparison to subjects with elevated or high-risk NIT scores). Correlations with continuous NITs were significantly negative for Emotional and Functional well-being (FACIT-F), Activity/energy, Systemic symptoms, Worry and total scores (CLDQ-NASH), and Activity of WPAI (p < 0.05); the strongest was for Worry (CLDQ-NASH) with FAST (R = -0.17, p < 0.0001). The PRO scores of patients with NAFLD were lower than those of matched patients with chronic hepatitis B (p < 0.05 for 9/17 domain and summary scores). Conclusion Patients with NAFLD and high FAST, Agile 3+ or Agile 4 scores experience impairment of health-related quality of life.

What is known and objective:Drug-related problems (DRPs) are common inhospitalized patients in intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of the study is to reduceDRPs and associated costs with clinical pharmacist's (CP) recommendations.Methods:The study is a prospective, non-randomized controlled study conducted inthe ICU for a total of 6 months (1 January 2021–30 June 2021) in 2-month con-trol, 2-month study, and 2-month control periods. Patients who were hospitalizedfor more than 24 h and used more than one medication were included in thestudy. The PCNE V9.1 Classification system was used in the classification ofDRPs. During the intervention period, CP recommendations for DRPs wereproposed to the healthcare team.Results and discussion:A total of 146 patients were included in the study. A total of1061 DRPs from all periods were detected. The most common causes of DRPs werepotential drug–drug interactions (31.76%), high dose (12.44%), and dose timinginstruction errors (9.24%). For 347 DRPs identified during the study period, 259 inter-ventions (74.63%) were recommended, and 238 (91.89%) were accepted by physi-cians. Interventions were mostly made as interrupting/discontinuing the drug(28.02%), changing the dose (25.27%), changing the instructions for use (20.32%),and starting a new drug (15.93%). Cost savings were achieved with CP recommenda-tions applied.What is new and conclusion:The CP's recommendations were highly accepted bythe healthcare team. With the CP's participation in routine patient rounds in thehealthcare team of the ICU, drug-related costs would also decrease.

Phoenixin-14 (PNX) is a neuropeptide that has been shown to prevent oxidative damage and stimulates insulin secretion. We investigated the effects of PNX on pancreatic injury induced by streptozotocin (STZ), and nicotinamide (NAD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats, in control (C) and diabetic (STZ) groups, were treated with either saline, or PNX (0.45 nmol/kg, or 45 nmol/kg) daily for 3 days 1 week after STZ injection. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and gastric emptying rate (GER) were measured. Tissue and blood samples were collected. PNX treatments prevented pancreatic damage and β cell loss. Increased luminol and lucigenin levels in the pancreas, ileum and liver tissues of STZ groups were alleviated by PNX treatment in pancreatic and ileal tissues. PNX0.45 decreased FBG without any change in insulin blood level and pancreatic mRNA. GER increased in all diabetic rats while PNX0.45 delayed GER only in the C group. PNX diminishes pancreatic damage and lowers FBG by reducing oxidative load.

Purpose: Several substances that have anti-inflammatory, antiproteinase, and anti-infective properties have been evaluated as modulators of the inflammatory response in periodontal disease. However, evidence for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of bromelain is limited. This study evaluated the impact of systemically administered bromelain on the progression of experimental periodontitis. Methods: Four equal groups of 32 Wistar albino rats were created as follows (n = 8): control, periodontitis + saline, periodontitis + 5 mg/kg/day bromelain, and periodontitis + 10 mg/kg/day bromelain. To quantify the resorption of bone and bone volume/tissue volume, bone surface / bone volume, and connectivity, lower jawbones were fixed and then scanned using microcomputed tomography (micro CT). Blood samples were taken to measure the macrophage colony-stimulating factor(M-CSF) concentrations, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), interleukin-6(IL-6), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Histopathological assessments were made to examine the tissue. Results: Treatment with bromelain improved the healing of the periodontium by decreasing the number of leukocytes and ligament deterioration in the gingival connective tissue and by supporting reintegration with alveolar bone. Bromelain used in ligature-induced periodontitis reduced alveolar bone (AB) resorption as measured by microCT; reduced inflammatory parameters such as IL-6 and TNF-α; regulated oxidative-antioxidative processes by increasing GPx and SOD and reducing MDA levels; and regulated AB modeling by decreasing M-CSF, RANKL, and MMP-8 and increasing OPG levels. Conclusion: Bromelain may be an option in periodontal therapy by regulating cytokine levels, improving the healing process, and reducing bone resorption and oxidative stress.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. A substantial body of literature supports the crucial role of vitamin D (VD) in the etiology, progression, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. Recent clinical studies have found an inverse correlation between CRC incidence and serum VD levels. However, the low water solubility of VD and its anticarcinogenic activity at supraphysiological plasma levels, which causes hypercalcemia, required carrier systems. Carbon-based nanomaterials are excellent eco-friendly candidates, with exceptional chemical resistance, efficient mechanical properties, and negligible weight. Furthermore, composite aerogels manufactured from these nanomaterials have gained interest due to their extensive surface areas and porous structures, which make them suitable for delivering drugs. Our research aimed to study the development of composite aerogels loaded with VD by utilizing carbon nanofibers (CNFs) in an aerogel matrix provided to colon cancer cells. For this purpose, Aero1 as a drug delivery system was first prepared and characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM methods. Biochemical methods were employed to evaluate the antiproliferative, apoptotic, and anti-migratory effects on colon cancer cells. FTIR and XRD measurements confirmed the production of aerogels. SEM analysis revealed that aerogels have a non-uniform surface. The findings showed that aerogels can effectively deliver VD to the colon cancer cells, while also inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and migration. This research suggests that the Aero1 drug delivery system could be a valuable tool in the fight against colon cancer and other health issues.

Peptides are one of the leading groups of compounds that have been the subject of a great deal of biological research and still continue to attract researchers\" attention. In this study, a series of tripeptides based on tyrosine amino acids were synthesized by the triazine method. The cytotoxicity properties of all compounds against human cancer cell lines (MCF-7), ovarian (A2780), prostate (PC-3), and colon cancer cell lines (Caco-2) were determined by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay method, and % cell viability and logIC50 values of the compounds were calculated. Significant decreases in cell viability were observed in all cells (p < 0.05). The comet assay method was used to understand that the compounds that showed a significant decrease in cell viability had this effect through DNA damage. Most of the compounds exhibited cytotoxicity by DNA damage mechanism. Besides, their interactions between investigated molecule groups with PDB ID: 3VHE, 3C0R, 2ZCL, and 2HQ6 target proteins corresponding to cancer cell lines, respectively, were investigated by docking studies. Finally, molecules with high biological activity against biological receptors were determined by ADME analysis.

Environment-friendly textile processing is the demand of the current global scenario, where the application of sustainable technologies such as microwave radiation has been gaining fame in all global fields due to their green and human-friendly nature. This study has been conducted to employ sustainable technology such as microwave (MW) rays for dyeing polyamide-based proteinous fabric using Acid Blue 07 dye. The fabric before and after MW treatment for up to 10 min has been dyed using an acid dye solution. Spectrophotometric analysis of the dye solution was performed before and after irradiation at a specific selected level. Using selected dyes and irradiation conditions, a series of 32 experiments using a central composite design has been employed. The shades made at selected conditions of irradiation and dyeing were assessed for colorfastness as per ISO standards. It was observed that for dyeing silk, 55 mL of Acid Blue 07 dye solution containing 1 g/100 mL salt solution at 65 °C for 55 min should be employed after MW treatment for 10 min. In comparison, for dyeing wool, 55 mL of Acid Blue 07 dye solution containing 2 g/100 mL salt solution at 65 °C for 55 min should be employed after MW treatment for 10 min. Physiochemical analysis shows that sustainable tool has not altered the chemical nature of fabric but has modified the fabric surface physically to enhance uptake ability. Colorfastness shows that the shades made have offered good resistance to fade and have given good to excellent ratings on the gray scale.

Although the presence of sexual dimorphism in the symptomatology of neuropathic pain is well-established, the neurobiology underlying sex differences in pain processing and modulation remains unclear. Gonadal hormones and neuroimmune signalling are the primary targets that have been investigated, however, sex differences in the physiology of other pain-related signalling pathways still remain unexplored. The endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) plays a pivotal role in the modulation of nociception. Furthermore, sexual dimorphism in cannabinoid induced analgesia has been reported. However, the relevance of sex differences in the ECS physiology to pain is poorly understood. The overarching hypothesis of this thesis is that sex-specific alterations in the ECS promote sexual dimorphism in nociceptive behaviour. Investigating such sex dimorphic changes will facilitate an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain in both sexes. It will permit identifying endocannabinoid-based pain-related biomarkers and the development of more effective analgesic tools in males and females. The results presented herein revealed sexually dimorphic development of mechanical and cold hypersensitivity, anxiodepressive behaviours and cognitive impairments in the spared nerve injury (SNI) rat model of neuropathic pain. Female injured rats exhibited greater nociceptive responsiveness to non-noxious stimuli and greater susceptibility to depression-related behaviours than males. In contrast, male injured rats developed anxiety-related behaviours and cognitive impairments, including altered spatial memory and sociability. Neuropathic pain-related behaviours were accompanied by sex-specific alteration of the ECS in regions involved in the descending modulation of nociception and emotional processing, including the prefrontal cortex, periaqueductal grey (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla. Subsequent chronic inhibition of the primary pathways for endocannabinoid degradation demonstrated a sexually dimorphic antinociceptive effect, with females exhibiting a greater reduction in nociceptive behaviour than males when systemically treated with the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597. Biochemical analysis of neural substrates in the descending pain pathway pointed to N-acylethanolamines in the PAG as potentially implicated in this effect. Further analysis in the dorsolateral subcolumn of the PAG revealed sex differences in response to direct pharmacological activation of CB1, CB2 and PPAR suggesting that sex differences in the ECS in this region may underlie sexual dimorphism in the analgesic response to ECS modulation. In conclusion, these findings provide evidence of sex differences in the ECS neurobiology associated with nerve injury-induced persistent pain and emotional dysfunction. The present results also propose a critical role for the PAG in endocannabinoid-mediated sex-dimorphic antinociception. Altogether, the data presented in this thesis extend our current understanding of the neurobiology of sex differences and the therapeutic potential of the ECS in alleviating neuropathic pain related symptomatology in males and females 2024-11-12

Immunosuppressive tumour microenvironments (TME) inhibit the effectiveness of many immunotherapies. The hypersialylation of cancer cells contributes significantly to this suppressive environment, aiding in tumour immune evasion. Sialic acids are bound by siglec (sialic acid–binding, immunoglobulin (Ig)-like lectin) receptors expressed by immune cells such as macrophages and T cells. This binding initiates a downstream inhibitory signalling response similar to what is seen with PD-1/PD-L1 binding. Cancer associated fibroblasts, or CAFs, are a highly immunosuppressive cell type found in the colorectal cancer TME and are associated with tumour progression and a worse prognosis, however, the mechanisms by which they mediate their immunosuppressive properties have not yet been fully elucidated. This PhD aimed to investigated if the sialylation profile of CAFs and tumour-conditioned stromal cells contribute to their immunosuppressive properties; and if this could provide a novel target, overcoming immunotherapy resistance commonly associated with approved immunotherapies. Colorectal cancer cell line secretome, +/- an inflammatory TNF-α stimulus, was generated and used to condition primary BALB/c bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). BM-MSCs recruited into the colorectal cancer TME are known to be precursors to CAFs, and our model reflects this recruitment process. Intestinal stromal cells were isolated from primary colorectal cancer patient resections and were termed cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) or normal associated fibroblasts (NAFs) based on their location relative to the primary tumour. The sialylation profile of these cells were assessed through the use of lectins and Fc chimeras staining on flow cytometry and an elevated level of α2,6 and α2,3 linked sialic acid was confirmed in both tumour conditioned mouse stromal cells and CAFs compared to controls. BALB/c BM-MSCs conditioned with tumour secretome had elevated expression of both α 2,6 linked sialic acids and siglec-E ligands. When these same cells were cultured with inflammatory tumour secretome, there was a significant increase in α2,3 linked sialic acid. In primary intestinal stromal cells, CAFs had significantly higher levels of α2,6 linked sialic acids and siglec-9 ligands compared to patient matched NAFs. Following this, the use of a sialyltransferase inhibitor, P-3FAX-Neu5Ac, was shown to significantly reduce cell surface sialic acid expression on stromal cells +/- tumour conditioning, without affecting cell size or viability. Interestingly, the use of the sialyltransferase inhibitor could significantly increase the detection of PD-L1 by both flow cytometry and western blotting, suggesting the PD-L1 may be sialylated. Stromal cells +/-tumour secretome conditioning were cultured with healthy splenocytes (mouse) or PBMCs (human) and their immunosuppressive properties were assessed by flow cytometry. CAFs significantly induced a more exhausted and immunomodulatory T cell phenotype, highlighted by increased expression of exhaustion markers, PD-1, TIM-3 and LAG-3, and immunomodulatory receptors Siglec-7 and -9 when compared with NAFs. To elucidate the role of sialylation on CAF-mediated immunosuppression, NAFs and CAFs were treated with the sialyltransferase inhibitor (SI) P-3FAX-Neu5Ac prior to co-culture. Reduction of sialic acid expression on NAFs/CAFs was confirmed by flow cytometry and the SI-treated NAFs/CAFs were then co-cultured with allogeneic T cells to assess the functional consequences of reduced NAF/CAF sialylation. SI-treated CAFs induced significantly less CD4+TIM-3 + and both CD4+ LAG-3 + and CD8+ LAG-3 + T cells compared to their untreated counterparts. Interestingly, SI-treated CAFs also induced significantly less Siglec-7 and -9 receptor-expressing CD8+ T cells. An in vivo mouse model of CT26 colorectal cancer was designed to assess the role of highly sialylated stromal cells. Mice were subcutaneously injected with CT26 cells and conditioned stromal cells, where the stromal cells had undergone prior desialylation in the appropriate groups. Mice with highly stromal dense tumours had significantly supressed T cells, with supressed CD25 and granzyme B expression, both intratumourally and distally in the spleen and draining lymph node. This suppression was sialylation dependent, with complete loss of suppression in tumours with desialylated stromal cells. Macrophages and NK cells in the tumour, draining lymph nodes and spleens expressed significantly less siglec-G in mice which received co- injection of CT26 cells and tumour-conditioned MSCs, which was dependent on the stromal cells’ sialylation profile. These results demonstrate that stromal cells in the tumour-microenvironment can regulate immune cells in a sialylation dependent manner and that their immunosuppressive effects may be reversed through the targeting of sialylation on the stromal cell surface. 2025-04-18

Considering a rejection rate of 80–90%, the preparation of a research grant is often considered a daunting task since it is resource intensive and there is no guarantee of success, even for seasoned researchers. This commentary provides a summary of the key points a researcher needs to consider when writing a research grant proposal, outlining: (1) how to conceptualise the research idea; (2) how to find the right funding call; (3) the importance of planning; (4) how to write; (5) what to write, and (6) key questions for reflection during preparation. It attempts to explain the difficulties associated with finding calls in clinical pharmacy and advanced pharmacy practice, and how to overcome them. The commentary aims to assist all pharmacy practice and health services research colleagues new to the grant application process, as well as experienced researchers striving to improve their grant review scores. The guidance in this paper is part of ESCP’s commitment to stimulate “innovative and high-quality research in all areas of clinical pharmacy”.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) and gastric cancer (GC) was shown to improve survival in recent studies. We aimed to share our real-life experience of patients who received NACT to compare the efficacy and toxicity profile of different chemotherapy regimens in our country. This retrospective multicentre study included locally advanced GC and GEJ cancer patients who received NACT between 2007 and 2021. Relation between CT regimens and pathological evaluation were analysed. A total of 794 patients from 45 oncology centers in Turkey were included. Median age at the time of diagnosis was 60 (range: 18-86). Most frequent NACT regimens used were FLOT (65.4\%), DCF (17.4\%) and ECF (8.1\%), respectively. In the total study group, pathological complete remission (pCR) rate was 7.2\%, R0 resection rate 86.4\%, and D2 dissection rate was 66.8\%. Rate of pCR and near-CR (24\%), and R0 resection (84\%) were numerically higher in FLOT arm (p > 0.05). Patients who received FLOT had also higher chemotherapy-related toxicity rate compared to patients who received other regimens (p > 0.05). Median follow-up time was 16 months (range: 1-154 months). Estimated median overall survival (OS) was 58.4months (95\% CI: 35.2-85.7) and disease-free survival (DFS) was 50.7 months (95\% CI: 25.4-75.9). The highest 3-year estimated OS rate was also shown in FLOT arm (68\%). We still do not know which NACT regimen is the best choice for daily practice. Clinicians should tailor treatment regimens according to patients' multifactorial status and comorbidities for to obtain best outcomes. Longer follow-up period needs to validate our results.

Purpose To assess morphological changes and visual results in eyes with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) that underwent different intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. Materials and methods This is a retrospective, observational, comparative study that included 76 PNV eyes in 76 patients that were allocated to three groups according to the monotherapy injection procedure, as follows: the intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) group, intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) group, and intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) group. Central macular thickness (CMT), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were measured at baseline, after treatment 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month, and 12th month, and at the final post-treatment examination. Results Mean age of the patients was 57.31 +/- 5.91 years (range: 34-67 years). The mean duration of follow-up was 31.50 +/- 12.91 months (range: 13-60 months). The IVB group included 30 eyes, the IVR group included 22 eyes, and the IVA group included 24 eyes. There weren\"t any significant differences in BCVA changes between the groups at any post-baseline measurement time point. Although CMT did not change significantly in the IVB group from baseline to the final follow-up visit (baseline: 376.33 +/- 86.31 mu m; final visit: 340.80 +/- 122.70 mu m) (p = 0.172), CMT did change significantly in the IVA group (baseline: 383.41 +/- 131.83 mu m; final visit: 297.33 +/- 103.81 mu m) (p = 0.029) and IVR group (baseline: 379.18 +/- 97.93 mu m; final visit: 335.72 +/- 111.45 mu m) (p = 0.041). SFCT decreased significantly in the IVR and IVA groups (p = 0.015 and p < 0.001, respectively). The mean number of injections was 12.06 +/- 4.72 (range: 6-20) in the IVB group, 11.81 +/- 3.31(range: 7-17) in the IVR group, and 7.16 +/- 3.15 (range: 4-13) in the IVA group (p = 0.004). Conclusion All three anti-VEGFs were effective in terms of visual results in patients with PNV. Patients treated with IVA required fewer injections than those treated with IVB or IVR. Furthermore, IVR and IVA treatment significantly decreased SFCT, whereas IVB did not.

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Recent studies claim that Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer\"s disease (AD) overlap in several common pathological pathways which from neuronal damage to impaired memory performance. It is known that the use of Rosa canina L. (R. canina) as medicine in folk medicine dates back to ancient times and is used in the treatment of nervous diseases in Persian medicine. However, the effect of R. canina on diabetes-related cognitive decline and memory impairment has not yet been studied. Aim of the study: We evaluated the impact of T2DM on AD-like alterations and examined the molecular mechanism of a possible effect of R. canina on cognitive alterations in diabetic rats. Materials&methods: R. canina ethanol extract was obtained by maceration method. This study was performed with male Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, low-dose streptozotocin (STZ; 35 mg/kg IP) injection for 4 weeks, and R. canina (250 mg/kg; per oral) and metformin (400 mg/kg; per oral) administration for 4 weeks. The weight and blood glucose of rats were measured weekly. To evaluate glucose tolerance area under the curve (AUC) was calculated by performing an oral glucose tolerance test. Then the rats were subjected to behavioural tests, and their hippocampus and cortex tissues were obtained for biochemical and morphological analyses. Results: R. canina could manage glucose responsiveness by reducing post-prandial blood glucose levels, preventing weight loss, and raising serum insulin levels in T2DM-induced rats. Behavioural tests showed that R. canina significantly improves diabetes-related cognitive decline in recall and long-term memory. Treatment with R. canina significantly reversed HFD/STZ-induced increases in insulin, amyloid-β, amyloid precursor protein levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, histological analyzes revealed the protection of R. canina against neuronal disruption in the cortical and hippocampal CA3 region caused by chronic hyperglycemia. Conclusion: Analyzed collectively, these results suggest that R. canina can correct T2DM-related cognitive decline may be attributed to insulin pathway modulation, prevention of amyloid deposition, and increased cholinergic transmission.

© 2022 Marmara University Press.In this study, new nine pyrazoline derivatives were synthesized from chalcone derivatives. The antimicrobial activity of nine pyrazoline derivatives to four standard bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis) and four standard yeast strains (Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis) was investigated by the microdilution method for in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standard, and the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of these derivatives were determined. Among these derivatives; compounds 7 and 8 against bacterial strains and compounds 2 and 3 against yeast strains exhibited good antimicrobial activity.

© 2022 Marmara University Press.In this study, in vitro ABTS, DPPH, 5-lipoxygenase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of n-hexane (ASH), dichloromethane (ASD), ethyl acetate (ASE), and methanol (ASM) extracts from the aerial parts of endemic A. sieheana were assayed for the first time. The phytochemical content of ASE, the most active extract, has been first determined by LC-MS/MS. Also, the total amount of phenolic compounds of extracts were calculated. ASE demonstrated significant antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 0.096 and 0.156 mg/mL for ABTS and DPPH, respectively. ASD and ASE with IC50 values of 0.045 and 0.089 mg/mL exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity. ASE showed moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.774 mg/mL. Also, the total phenolic content was found to be highest in the ASE. Feruloylquinic acid, luteolin, luteolin glucoside, isorhamnetin, isovitexin, methoxyflavonoid like chrysoeriol and its glycoside derivative in the ASE were detected by LC-MS/MS. The results demonstrated that ASE had significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and moderate α-glucosidase inhibitory potential.

The overall aim of the present research is to evaluate for the first time the curative effect of Cotinus coggygria leaves on burn injury in an experimental burn model along with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity potential. Also, phenolic compounds of C. coggygria were characterised by LC-MS/MS. Wistar albino rats weighing 200-250 g were exposed to 90 degrees C bath for 10 s to induce burn injury, involving 30% of the total body surface area. In the treatment groups, 5% C. coggygria ethanol extract was applied topically as a cream immediately after the burn. Blood and skin tissue samples were taken after decapitation at the 4th and 48th hours following the burn procedure. Interleukin 1-beta (IL-1 beta) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) were determined in serum samples, and hydroxyproline, prostoglandin E2 (PGE2), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and 8-hydroxy-2\"-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG) levels were determined in skin tissue samples. Increased levels of serum cytokines were decreased with C. coggygria treatment in both periods. MPO activity, prostaglandine (PGE2), and 8-OhdG levels increased, while hydroxyproline levels decreased due to burn damage. On the other hand, these parameters were returned to its normal levels with C. coggygria treatment. In addition, the tissue histology of animals treated with C. coggygria showed a complete epithelialization with increased collagenation. As a result, C. coggygria may be an alternative treatment approach for burns-induced skin damage and wounds.

© 2022 Marmara University Press.The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist-led hypertension screening program (including referring high-risk individuals who are not aware of being hypertensive or prehypertensive to the physician) at a community pharmacy in Türkiye. This prospective observational pilot study was conducted in a community pharmacy located in Mersin-Türkiye between October 2017 and April 2018. Blood pressure measurements were performed by the clinical pharmacist at baseline and follow-up. The rate of participants who had high blood pressure measurements (≥140 mmHg for systolic and/or ≥90 mmHg for diastolic) was determined at the baseline by clinical pharmacist. According to the guidelines, participants with high blood pressure were referred directly to the physician by the clinical pharmacist. In the follow-up, the number of patients diagnosed with prehypertension or hypertension and the changes in their measurement of blood pressure were identified between baseline and follow-up. According to findings of clinical pharmacist-led blood pressure measurement, 23 (37.1%) out of 62 participants with high blood pressure were referred to the physician by the clinical pharmacist. In the follow-up, it was determined that 12 patients (52.2%) out of 23 participants were diagnosed with hypertension by a physician and eight patients (34.8%) out of 23 participants had prehypertensive. According to the findings of this pilot study, it was determined a positive impact of the clinical pharmacist-led hypertension screening program for high-risk individuals for hypertension.

© 2022 Marmara University Press.Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by decreased insulin synthesis and/or increased blood glucose due to insulin resistance. In this study, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were evaluated and it was aimed to investigate the protective effects of Origanum onites L. (OO) against possible changes in these parameters. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 300-400g were divided into three groups control (C), diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetes mellitus + OO (OO group). DM was induced by administration of STZ 60 mg/kg dose intraperitoneally (i.p.) after 48 hours, rats with blood glucose values higher than 200 mg/dL were considered DM. Origanum extract was administered i.p. to the OO group at 50 mg/kg per day for 6 weeks. Serum AST, ALT, creatinine, and inflammatory cytokine levels were measured. MDA and GSH levels were measured in liver tissues. AST, ALT, creatinine, and MDA levels were found to be increased in the DM group, while a significant decrease in these levels was observed in the treated group. While GSH values fell in the DM group, a significant increase occurred in the OO group (n=6, p