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Outdoor range areas are an important part of the organic broiler production, and the question is how to make this area as attractive for the broilers as possible. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence­ of vegetation in outdoor range areas on performance, crop and gizzard content and range use of organic broilers. The experiment was performed on an organic form in the summer of 2015 and 2016. The outdoor range was a grass field (F) or grass field combined with a plantation (GP). There were two replicates for each type of outdoor range. Eight hundred broilers were allocated to each rep I icete. Feed intake were registered daily. In 2015, 80 broilers from each replicate were weighed at 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days ofoge, and in 20 I 6 at 28, 56 and 70 days of age. The range use was observed three times in 2015 and two times in 2016. Crop end gizzard content and composition were investigated in 12 weeks old broilers in 2015. From each range area, 2 male and 2 female broilers were killed in the morning end in the afiernoon. The average daily gain was 40.8 and 39.3 g for GP and F, respectively in 2015 for the whole growth period, and 41.9 and 40.7 g for GP end Fin 2016. The differences were statistically significant in 2015 but not in 2016. Feed intake was 125 and 133 g/day on GP and F, respectively in 2015, but feed intake per chicken or feed efficiency were not statistically different for the two types of range areas in 2015. The crop contained more material in broilers from GP than F, which was not the case for gizzard content However, the results for crop content should be interpreted with care as outdoor range, sex, and time of day interaction were observed. The crop contained mainly feed and the gizzard mainly grass. It was observed that broilers on F remained more inside the chicken house than on GP, and broilers on GP were most ofien observed to stay in the area covered with trees.

Udgivelsesdato: 2009

Grade complexity and sampling challenges are discussed in relation to the occurrence of coarse Au. Poorly designed sampling protocols can lead to an excessively high fundamental sampling error which, together with other errors, contributes to the nugget effect. Proper sample collection, preparation and assay protocols are required to minimise this error and reduce the total nugget effect, which is a key requirement for subsequent geostatistical resource estimates to be effective. A case study is presented from the Nalunaq Au mine which is characterised by notable quantities of coarse Au (more than 30% +100 micrometres Au) hosted in quartz veins. Diamond drilling provides a good measure of gross geological continuity at practical grid spacings, but is not considered to represent the mineralisation effectively. On-reef development with face and bulk sampling, together with detailed geological studies, were undertaken during the resource delineation phase. The development of sampling and assay protocols is described, including quality assurance/quality control issues, the application of Gy's sampling theory and its calibration and how the data was applied to grade estimation., Grade complexity and sampling challenges are discussed in relation to the occurrence of coarse Au. Poorly designed sampling protocols can lead to an excessively high fundamental sampling error which, together with other errors, contributes to the nugget effect. Proper sample collection, preparation and assay protocols are required to minimise this error and reduce the total nugget effect, which is a key requirement for subsequent geostatistical resource estimates to be effective. A case study is presented from the Nalunaq Au mine which is characterised by notable quantities of coarse Au (more than 30% +100 micrometres Au) hosted in quartz veins. Diamond drilling provides a good measure of gross geological continuity at practical grid spacings, but is not considered to represent the mineralisation effectively. On-reef development with face and bulk sampling, together with detailed geological studies, were undertaken during the resource delineation phase. The development of sampling and assay protocols is described, including quality assurance/quality control issues, the application of Gy's sampling theory and its calibration and how the data was applied to grade estimation.

The Nalunaq gold deposit is one of several gold occurrences in metabasic rocks of the Nanortalik district. The area is part of the Ketilidian mobile belt and is located along the southern margin of the Julanehaab granite belt. Gold mineralisation is epigenetic and occurs in quartz veins and in calc-silicate altered shear zones subparallel to foliation. At Nalunaq, gold is associated with lollingite and traces of Bi-Sb sulphosalts. Fluid inclusions reveal high salinities and initial ice-melting temperatures of around -60 degrees C. The calc-silicate alteration resulted from reaction between metabasic rocks and fluids probably derived from late post-kinematic granites. Gold mineralisation was associated with the infiltration of exceptionally saline, calcic fluids into pre-existing planar fractures of the metabasic rock pile., The Nalunaq gold deposit is one of several gold occurrences in metabasic rocks of the Nanortalik district. The area is part of the Ketilidian mobile belt and is located along the southern margin of the Julanehaab granite belt. Gold mineralisation is epigenetic and occurs in quartz veins and in calc-silicate altered shear zones subparallel to foliation. At Nalunaq, gold is associated with lollingite and traces of Bi-Sb sulphosalts. Fluid inclusions reveal high salinities and initial ice-melting temperatures of around -60 degrees C. The calc-silicate alteration resulted from reaction between metabasic rocks and fluids probably derived from late post-kinematic granites. Gold mineralisation was associated with the infiltration of exceptionally saline, calcic fluids into pre-existing planar fractures of the metabasic rock pile.

The deposit is a typical structurally controlled lode-gold deposit, formed during the waning stages of regional deformation and metamorphism. It resembles similar high temperature deposits worldwide. Epigenetic gold-sulpharsenide mineralisation occurs in amphibolite-facies supracrustal rocks and is broadly synchronous with deformation and peak metamorphism. Mineralisation takes the form of either pyrrhotite-rich replacement bodies or foliation-subparallel sheeted quartz-diopside-hornblende veins with gold-bearing sulpharsenides in the adjacent altered amphibolite., The deposit is a typical structurally controlled lode-gold deposit, formed during the waning stages of regional deformation and metamorphism. It resembles similar high temperature deposits worldwide. Epigenetic gold-sulpharsenide mineralisation occurs in amphibolite-facies supracrustal rocks and is broadly synchronous with deformation and peak metamorphism. Mineralisation takes the form of either pyrrhotite-rich replacement bodies or foliation-subparallel sheeted quartz-diopside-hornblende veins with gold-bearing sulpharsenides in the adjacent altered amphibolite.

A new field investigation and isotope study of the Proterozoic Espeland lead-silver deposit, southern Norway, has shown that this mineralisation comprises a previously unrecognised, stratiform, banded zinc mineralisation with large lateral extension and an alteration assemblage typical of syngenetic, volcanogenic exhalative mineralisation. The lead isotope composition demonstrates a juvenile metal source with no contribution from older crustal sources and an age of around 1 600 Ma, which places this mineralisation in a new ore-forming epoch in the Fennoscandian Shield. The recognition of potentially economic stratiform ore deposits in supracrustal rocks of the Bamble region offers new prospecting benefits not only to Bamble but also to other late Proterozoic segments in SW Scandinavia., A new field investigation and isotope study of the Proterozoic Espeland lead-silver deposit, southern Norway, has shown that this mineralisation comprises a previously unrecognised, stratiform, banded zinc mineralisation with large lateral extension and an alteration assemblage typical of syngenetic, volcanogenic exhalative mineralisation. The lead isotope composition demonstrates a juvenile metal source with no contribution from older crustal sources and an age of around 1 600 Ma, which places this mineralisation in a new ore-forming epoch in the Fennoscandian Shield. The recognition of potentially economic stratiform ore deposits in supracrustal rocks of the Bamble region offers new prospecting benefits not only to Bamble but also to other late Proterozoic segments in SW Scandinavia.

The early Archaean Isua greenstone belt and mid-Archaean supracrustal rocks in Central West Greenland host a number of significant mineral occurrences that have been recent targets for exploration. Diamond drilling in the belt detected a large haematite orebody beneath the inland ice; recent exploration in the Isua greenstone belt has identified small gold showings. The mineralisation dates from almost a billion years after the formation of the greenstone belt and is contemporaneous with extensive carbonate alteration. The mid-Archaean supracrustal rocks host extensive copper, zinc and tungsten mineralisation and significant gold occurrences have been explored recently, associated with a major shear zone near the boundary of the Akia and Akulleq terranes. Diamond drilling and chip sampling have revealed economic grades over mineable widths at Storo; the location is near ice-free waters and conveniently located for Nuuk, the capital., The early Archaean Isua greenstone belt and mid-Archaean supracrustal rocks in Central West Greenland host a number of significant mineral occurrences that have been recent targets for exploration. Diamond drilling in the belt detected a large haematite orebody beneath the inland ice; recent exploration in the Isua greenstone belt has identified small gold showings. The mineralisation dates from almost a billion years after the formation of the greenstone belt and is contemporaneous with extensive carbonate alteration. The mid-Archaean supracrustal rocks host extensive copper, zinc and tungsten mineralisation and significant gold occurrences have been explored recently, associated with a major shear zone near the boundary of the Akia and Akulleq terranes. Diamond drilling and chip sampling have revealed economic grades over mineable widths at Storo; the location is near ice-free waters and conveniently located for Nuuk, the capital.