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The study targeted to compare the nutritional profile of two varieties of açaí, the white and purple, found in different mesoregions of Pará, Brazil. The research focused on analyzing levels of total phenolics, total anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity, and mineral composition in these two varieties. The study sought to identify significant differences between the two varieties in terms of nutritional composition and antioxidant potential, providing valuable information into the specific nutritional and functional properties of each type of açaí studied. Higher levels of total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity were observed in purple açaí fruits, with values of 806.17 ± 17.48 mgGAE/100 g, 81.73 ± 1.77 mg/100 g, and 19.25 ± 0.35 μmol of Trolox equivalent (TE)/g, respectively, compared to 401.92 ± 52.70 mgGAE/100 g, 37.70 ± 5.34 mg/100 g, and 6.17 ± 1.07 μmol TE/g in white açaí. HPLC-MS analysis identified and quantified monomeric anthocyanins in white açaí, using two distinct analytical methods, revealing average values of 0.29 and 1.05 μg/100 g for cyanidin-3-glucoside and between 0.74 and 3.13 μg/100 g for cyanidin-3-rutinoside, respectively, which were higher than those found in yellow tropical fruits. The quality of both purple and white açaí varied significantly among mesoregions, with fruits from floodplain soils demonstrating superior quality compared to those from sandy and solid soils in southeastern Pará. Mineral composition and microbiological characteristics were similar between white and purple açaí. These findings underscore the significant influence of mesoregion and soil type on açaí quality, emphasizing the superiority of fruits grown in floodplain soils.

Cocoa beans contain a variety of nutritional compounds and are rich in biologically active substances. The aim of this study was to utilize cocoa nibs (roasted and unroasted) as the main ingredient in the development of an attractive and convenient product. The produced nibs were analyzed for total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods. The primary phenolic compounds and methylxanthines were analyzed by LC/MS. Subsequently, cereal bars were developed, including a control sample (without nibs) and five formulations containing 41% nibs, using various proportions of roasted and unroasted nibs. The influence of the origin of the beans on the product characteristics was also evaluated. The results showed that the roasting process led to a reduction in epicatechin, caffeine, and caffeic acid. Furthermore, the reduction in total phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity after roasting was more pronounced in beans from Bahia compared to those from Espírito Santo. Regarding the cereal bars, the results demonstrated that using cocoa from Bahia, the formulation with a higher proportion of unroasted nibs (F80) significantly increased the total phenolic content (1968.85 mg of gallic acid/100 g) and total flavonoids (39.26 mg of quercetin/100 g). This initial study suggests that the use of cocoa nibs as a functional ingredient in cereal bars may be a viable and advantageous option for creating a product with greater antioxidant potential.

This study focuses on optimizing the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of bioactive compounds from purple-fleshed sweet potatoes (PFSP) for potential use as natural colorants. Factors such as time, temperature, and solid-to-liquid ratio were varied using a Box–Behnken Design. The optimal conditions were determined as 75 min, 70 °C, and a 1:15 m/v solid-to-liquid ratio, resulting in 18.372 mg/100 g total anthocyanin (TA) and 151.160 mg GAE/100 g total phenolic content (TPC). The validation yielded 18.822 mg/100 g for total anthocyanin and 162.174 mg GAE/100 g for total phenolic content, showing a 7% difference from predictions. UAE significantly increased TA extraction by 81% and TPC by 93% compared with the conventional method, with a notable reduction in process time from 24 h to 75 min. Additionally, three kinetic models were tested to compare extraction mechanisms, confirming the efficiency of UAE for PFSP bioactive compound recovery. This study proposes the UAE technique as a highly effective means of extracting bioactive compounds from PFSP, offering promising applications across multiple industries.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of total anthocyanins from two stages of ripening purple tomatoes (low and high) and to compare the optimized extraction with the conventional one. In the optimization of UAE, the studied variables were time (5 to 75 min), temperature (30 to 70 °C), and solid: liquid ratio (1:5 to 1:15 m/v). The optimal condition of the UAE process, for low-ripened purple tomatoes, occurs at a time of 75 min, temperature of 40 °C, and solid: liquid ratio of 1:15 m/v, predicting the content of 12.487 mg/100g. For high-ripened purple tomatoes, the optimal condition occurs at a time of 40 min, temperature of 50 °C, and solid: liquid ratio of 1:15 m/v, predicting the content of 8.802 mg/100 g. On validation of these optimized conditions, less than a 3% difference was reported between the predicted and experimental values (12.267 mg/100 g for low-ripened, and 8.894 mg/100 g for high-ripened purple tomatoes). When comparing the optimized UAE with the conventional extraction, it was observed that UAE increased (P < 0.05) the extraction of total anthocyanins content by 73% for low-ripened and by 54% for high-ripened purple tomatoes. Thus, the study indicated that the UAE is an efficient technology for recovering bioactive compounds from purple tomatoes.

This work aimed to evaluate the physicochemical changes during the roasting process of Robusta and Arabica coffee. The highest content of total phenolics was detected in roasted coffee at temperatures of 135 °C/20.20 min, 210 °C/9.02 min, 210 °C/11.01 min, and 220 °C/13.47 min for both species. Robusta coffee showed greater antioxidant activity compared to Arabica coffee, except for the profiles at 230 °C/17.43 min and 275 °C/7.46 min that did not differ between samples by the DPPH and FRAP methods. For Arabica coffee, the antioxidant activity was independent of the roasting profile used. Robusta coffee presented higher values of the indexes b* (intensity of yellow vs blue), c* (chroma) and hue, being characterized as lighter and with greater chroma and hue. The highest levels of caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) were observed in Robusta coffee. Arabica coffee had lower trigonelline values. Caffeic acid and hydroxymethylfurfural were identified only in Robusta coffee. However, the results provided solid knowledge for the design of general properties and chemical compounds generated from binomials of roasting time and temperature that are little used in the world market.

The growing environmental concern with the inappropriate disposal of conventional plastics has driven the development of eco-friendly food packaging. However, the intrinsic characteristics of polymers of a renewable origin, e.g., poor mechanical properties, continue to render their practical application difficult. For this, the present work studied the influence of ionic strength (IS) from 0 to 500 mM to modulate the physicochemical properties of methylcellulose (MC). Moreover, for protection against biological risks, Nisin-Z was incorporated into MC’s polymeric matrices, providing an active function. The incorporation of salts (LiCl and MgCl2) promoted an increase in the equilibrium moisture content in the polymer matrix, which in turn acted as a plasticizing agent. In this way, films with a hydrophobic surface (98°), high true strain (85%), and low stiffness (1.6 mPa) can be manufactured by addition of salts, modulating the IS to 500 mM. Furthermore, films with an IS of 500 mM, established with LiCl, catalyzed antibacterial activity against E. coli, conferring synergism and extending protection against biological hazards. Therefore, we demonstrated that the IS control of MC dispersion presents a new alternative to achieve films with the synergism of antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria in addition to flexibility, elasticity, and hydrophobicity required in various applications in food packaging.

Com este trabalho se objetivou avaliar a potencialidade da análise de componentes principais para a interpretação de resultados de um experimento com microencapsulamento de pequi. O experimento foi realizado no laboratório de Tecnologia de Frutas e Hortaliças do Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade Federal de Viçosa. As variáveis utilizadas neste trabalho foram extraídas de um estudo físico-químico e morfológico obtidos a partir de extrato de pequi. A análise de componentes foi realizada com base na matriz de correlação existente entre as componentes e as variáveis reais transformadas, de forma a identificar novas variáveis que explicam a maior parte da variabilidade, gerando-se novos valores para cada parcela experimental correspondente às componentes principais. Para cada temperatura utilizada no trabalho foram ajustadas apenas duas componentes capazes de explicar mais de 90% da variância dos dados originais. A análise de componentes principais foi eficiente neste estudo, gerando componentes interpretáveis reduzindo a dimensionalidade do problema se a perda de informações.

Campos elétricos pulsados de alta intensidade (CEPAI) constituem um método não-térmico de conservação para alimentos em substituição à pasteurização tradicional. Em comparação ao processamento térmico, os CEPAI, além de serem eficientes na eliminação de micro-organismos e na inativação de enzimas, também minimizam as perdas de sabor, cor, textura, nutrientes e componentes termolábeis dos alimentos. O objetivo desse trabalho foi levantar dados bibliográficos atuais sobre o tema CEPAI, abordando: definição do processo, instalação experimental, efeito da ruptura dielétrica do alimento, efeito sobre micro-organismo, enzimas e constituintes dos alimentos. Os dados encontrados na literatura apontam o tratamento por CEPAI como alternativa promissora para a conservação de alimentos, podendo ser utilizado como tecnologia única ou como complemento aos processamentos térmicos.Pulsed electric fields of high intensity (HIPEF) is a non-thermal food conservation to replace traditional thermal pasteurization. Compared to thermal processing, the HIPEF as well as being effective in removing microorganisms and inactivate enzymes also minimize the loss of flavor, color, texture, nutrients and labile components of food. The aim of this work was to gather bibliographic data current HIPEF on the subject, covering: experimental setup, effects of dielectric breakdown of food, effect on microorganisms, enzymes and constituents of food. The data found in the literature indicate treatment of HIPEF as a promising alternative for food conservation and it could be used as a single technology or in addition to thermal processing.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tipo de cultivo (ambiente seco e alagado) sobre o teor de vitamina C, β-caroteno e minerais (cálcio, magnésio, enxofre, zinco, ferro, manganês, cobre, boro, nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio) de camu-camu. As vitaminas citadas foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, enquanto que os minerais cálcio, magnésio, zinco, cobre, manganês e ferro por espectrometria de absorção atômica, o potássio por fotometria de chama e o fósforo, boro e enxofre por espectrofotometria, nos comprimentos de onda 725 e 420nm, respectivamente. O fruto cultivado em ambiente seco apresentou maior (P0,05) em função dos diferentes ambientes.

The surging demand for dairy alternatives has elevated plant-based beverages in the food industry, with Ultra-High Temperature (UHT) processing playing a pivotal role in ensuring their safety, extended shelf life, and quality. This review succinctly examines the impact of UHT processing on product characteristics, plant protein functionalities, and forthcoming trends, aiming to provide a comprehensive insight into the dynamic field. Ongoing UHT technology innovations address these challenges, concurrently enhancing environmental sustainability and sensory attributes. The article aims to explore and understand the intricate dynamics of UHT processing, highlighting both opportunities and challenges. Anticipated trends include diversified plant protein sources, enhanced sensory attributes, sustainable packaging, functional ingredient incorporation, and personalized products aligned with consumer preferences. These advancements mark a transformative era for the plant-based beverage industry, promising products that are not only more nutritious and flavorful but also environmentally conscientious.

Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) K. Schum. (“cupuaçu” ou cupuassu) belongs to the Malvaceae family whose pulp has a characteristic acidic flavor and a strong aroma allowing its consumption of juices, ice cream, creams, yogurt, and jelly. In addition, vegetable oil can be extracted from its seeds to produce a type of chocolate known as ``cupulate''. T. grandiflorum fruit contains organic acids, phenolic and volatile compounds, among which, some are related to antioxidants, anti-glycemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to all these characteristics mentioned, the Amazonian “Cupuaçu” has great potential for technological applications mainly in food technology, with products and processes based on its extracts rich in bioactive compounds, pulp, or seeds.

Food that is still fit for consumption is wasted in the domestic environment every day, so food packaging technologies are being developed that will monitor the quality of the products in real time. Highly perishable milk is currently one of the products that suffers most from this waste, due to its short shelf life. Active use-by date (AUBD) indicators have been shown to discriminate between fresh and spoiled milk. Colorimetric indicators undergo characteristic changes in their chemical structure, causing abrupt color changes. Among the polymeric materials studied that may function as solid support are cellulose acetate (CA) and agar-agar (AA). The AA colorimetric indicator proved to be more suitable as a solid support due to its ability to maintain the color change properties of the anthocyanin and its high colorimetric performance. The technique was shown to be capable of indicating, in real time, changes in milk quality.

ABSTRACT: This research assessed the phenolic composition of Jussara pulp from the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais (MG) and Espírito Santo (ES) using HPLC-DAD-MS/MS. Seventeen anthocyanins were detected in fruits, derived from cyanidin, pelargonidin and peonidin. Among the non-anthocyanic phenolic compounds, flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin derivatives), flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin, B-type procyanidins and unknown dimers) and resveratrol in its glycosylated form have been identified. Catechin (32.41-60.56 mg 100g-1) and epicatechin (18.86-40.92 mg 100g-1) were the main flavan-3-ols present in the fruits. The samples showed small concentrations of resveratrol glycosides (0.02-0.91 mg 100g-1). The analytical methodology used (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) permitted the identification of newly reported compounds in this fruit.

ABSTRACT: The effects of gamma irradiation and pasteurization on the stability of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity during storage of jussara pulp were investigated. Jussara pulp was divided into 6 portions: control (no treatment), irradiated pulp (2, 4, 6, 8 kGy) and pasteurized pulp (92 ºC/ 1 minute). Portions were stored at 4ºC for 60 days. The phenolic extract was prepared with a solution of methanol/water/formic acid. The following analyses were performed every 15 days: contents of total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocauteau, cyanidin-3-glycoside and cyanidin-3-rutiniside by HPLC and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH). Total phenolics and anthocyanins decreased with the increasing irradiation dose and storage time. Pasteurization did not affect the phenolic concentration immediately after processing. However, the contents of TPC and cyanidin-3-rutiniside were reduced during storage of the pasteurized pulp. No processed samples presented characteristics similar to the control at the end of storage.

Produtores de Derivados de Jabuticaba de Sabará (ASPRODEJAS), a qual os membros produzem e comercializam diversas iguarias a partir da fruta. Objetivando conhecer as características de produção, comercialização e o potencial do município para a obtenção de um registro de indicação geográfica (IG), foram aplicados questionários às produtoras e coletadas amostras de geleias e licores para análise da qualidade. Os resultados mostraram uma produção de caráter artesanal e comercialização informal. Alguns dos produtos analisados apresentaram-se fora dos padrões de qualidade estabelecidos na legislação e apresentaram falta de padronização na forma de produção. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o registro de IG no município é pertinente, embora seja notória a necessidade de investimento em infraestrutura e capacitação técnica para a obtenção de produtos de maior qualidade.

ABSTRACT: Comparisons between the nutritional quality of organic and conventional fresh foods are frequently reported in the literature; however, discussion about processed foods is less frequent. Therefore, this study compared the nutritional content of processed products from both production systems using a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis, regarding aspects of raw material management and processing. The study reviewed scientific articles published between 2010 and 2020 and the data obtained were analyzed using the standardized mean difference method with Hedges’ adjustment and a random analytical model. Thirty-seven articles were selected, and the foods analyzed in the studies were grouped into five categories: meat products, dairy products, caught fish, wines, and fruit juices/pulps. In products of animal origin, the comparative focus shown was mainly that of the fatty acid profile, while in those of vegetable origin it was that of phytochemicals. Related to the comparison of nutrient contents, it was possible to verify the similarities in organic and conventional products in most studies; however, specific differences were verified (P < 0.05): organics contained more proteins (meat), omega 3 (dairy), and less linoleic acid (dairy and caught fish). Also, there were differences in the management of organic and conventional raw materials, and similarities in processing. Therefore, the choice for organic processed foods should not be made exclusively based on nutritional aspects, considering that the differences in nutrient contents in relation to those of conventional products are practically nonexistent.

Resumo Embalagens inteligentes são aquelas que possuem maior aprimoramento em relação à comunicação e ao consumidor, uma vez que fornecem uma informação dinâmica sobre a qualidade real do produto. A presente revisão tem como objetivo analisar o conceito de embalagens inteligentes que utilizam como base polímeros incorporados com antocianinas para alteração colorimétrica, discutindo aspectos do desenvolvimento científico. Foi realizada uma análise crítica da produção científica que trata dos processos utilizados para o desenvolvimento dessas embalagens. O processo de produção está estruturado e controlado com base na demanda atual dos consumidores, uma vez que eles estão cada vez mais alertas em relação à segurança e à qualidade dos alimentos disponibilizados para consumo. Nesse sentido, o desenvolvimento de novas embalagens inteligentes com indicadores ou sensores colorimétricos está diretamente relacionado com a forma de produção, requerendo uma padronização de sua produção e parâmetros, fornecendo uma visão de diversos profissionais, que acabam por desenvolver novas tecnologias promissoras.

The viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) in jabuticaba juices and its survival in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), simulated in vitro, was studied. Two juices were prepared: A - with non-blanched fruits, and B - with blanched fruits. LGG was then added and the juices maintained at 8 ºC for 28 days. The control treatment consisted of juices without the added probiotic. The following were determined in the juices: the viability and in vitro survival of LGG, fecal coliforms, Salmonella sp., pH, acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), color, antioxidant capacity, total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and ascorbic acid. The sensory acceptability was also determined using a 9-point hedonic scale. Blanching interfered (p < 0.05) with the viability of LGG, juice A showing the greatest viability as compared to juice B. After in vitro simulation, the probiotic bacterial count was < 1.0 log CFU mL-1, which demonstrates the low resistance of the strain to the simulated GIT conditions. The juices were conformed to the microbiological standards established by law. The pH, acidity and TSS were influenced by blanching (p < 0.05), with values of 5.03, 0.46% and 15.38 °Brix for juice A and 5.12, 0.66% and 16.05 °Brix for juice B, respectively. The addition of LGG did not influence these characteristics. Only the pH value was influenced by the storage time (p < 0.05), increasing throughout storage. Juice B showed lower luminosity (L*) and a greater value for a* as compared to juice A, indicating that the former became darker and redder due to the blanching process. Both juices showed positive values for the b* coordinate. The juice was found to be a good source of polyphenols. Neither the time nor the addition of LGG affected the antioxidant capacity, total phenolic compounds or anthocyanin contents. However, blanching contributed (p < 0.05) to an increase in the contents of these compounds in the juices. Values for antioxidant capacity of 186.20 and 2552.59 uM Trolox g-1, for total phenolic compounds of 275.06 and 1163.18 mg GAE 100 g-1-wwb, and for anthocyanins as cyanidin 3-glucoside of 12.71 and 90.99 mg 100 g-1 were found for juices A and B, respectively. The juices contained 72.87 mg 100 mL-1 of ascorbic acid. Scores of above 6.0 (liked slightly) were awarded on the hedonic scale for the attributes evaluated. The addition of probiotics in jabuticaba juices needs to be further studied to ensure the viability of the cultures during storage and their survival in the gastrointestinal tract.

As evidências científicas atuais sobre a relação existente entre alimentação-saúde-doença vêm despertando, em todo o mundo, o interesse por hábitos alimentares e estilos de vida saudáveis. Neste contexto, os alimentos com alegações de propriedade funcional e/ou de saúde estão conquistando o mercado com lançamentos de inovações tecnológicas. Existem, por parte das indústrias, desafios e dificuldades para registrar produtos desta categoria. Este trabalho aspirou a objetivos como pesquisar a legislação vigente e construir um “guia simplificado” para efetuar o registro de produto lácteo com alegação de propriedade funcional e/ou de saúde. Todas as etapas referentes ao registro de um iogurte com alegação de propriedade funcional e/ou de saúde foram explicitadas por meio de um exemplo prático, com criação da empresa, desenvolvimento de produto e rótulos fictícios. Por meio da pesquisa qualitativa documental foram encontrados: três leis, dois decretos, quatro portarias, quatorze resoluções, quatro instruções normativas, um informe técnico, um guia e um ofício circular. Através de análise da legislação vigente, evidenciou-se o quanto o sistema regulamentar atual é fragmentado. Concluiu-se que a legislação é “pulverizada”, que existe uma carência de material informativo específico e que, devido à complexidade na elaboração do processo para registrar um produto desta categoria, há a necessidade de uma equipe qualificada com profissionais habitados na área de alimentos, advogados e marketing. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Current scientific evidences on the relationship among food-health-disease have aroused worldwide interest in eating habits and healthy lifestyles. In this context, food with claims of functional and, or healthy properties, are conquering the market with releases of technological innovations. However, the industry faces challenges and difficulties to register this category of products. This work aimed to study the legislation and to build a simple model for the registration of dairy products claiming functional and or healthy properties. All steps to register an yogurt claiming functional and or healthy properties were explained through a practical example, employing fictitious company, product and labels. Were found 3 laws, 2 decrees, 4 administrative rules, 14 resolutions, 4 regulatory Instructions, 1 technical information, 1 guide and 1 circular letter, through a qualitative research documentary, that regulates the documents necessary to product register. From the legislation analysis, it was possible to show how the regulatory system is fragmented and the legislation sprayed due to the lack of specific information material and the need of qualified team of qualified professionals in the area of food, lawyers and marketing.

Guaco (Mikania glomerata Sprengel) syrup is one of the most popular herbal medicines used to treat the symptoms of asthmatic bronchitis, cough and hoarseness. The coumarin 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one, is one of the major constituents of Guaco and contributes to its pharmacological effects. The pharmaceutical capsule form of dry extract of Guaco is recommended by the Brazilian Program of Medicinal Plants and Herbal Medicines and used in primary health care. In order to identify a new protocol to obtain the raw material for Guaco capsule production we evaluated two methods, including a freeze-drying process (lyophilization) and the spray-dryer technique, as well as the use of two adjuvants, Maltodextrins and Aerosil®, in different concentrations. The coumarin levels of the dried extracts were analyzed by UV-spectrophotometry and HPLC-UV/DAD. The adjuvant Aerosil® 8% showed better dry powder physical appearance. Lyophilization was observed to be the best process to obtain the dry extract of Guaco based on the measured coumarin levels.

Existe um acentuado interesse mundial em promover a saúde através da adoção de hábitos alimentares e estilo de vida saudáveis. Nesse contexto, o desenvolvimento e o registro de alimentos com alegação de propriedades funcionais tornam-se estimulantes. Entretanto, existe a dificuldade das indústrias em elaborar e obter a aprovação dos processos de registro de alimentos com alegação de propriedades funcionais junto a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). Este trabalho teve como objetivo reunir conhecimentos específicos referentes às etapas necessárias a serem seguidas pelas empresas e profissionais interessados na obtenção de registro dessa categoria de alimentos, no Brasil, com enfoque nos leites fermentados. Foi utilizada a pesquisa documental, onde foram avaliados os documentos oficiais disponíveis na Vigilância Sanitária Estadual, Gerência Regional de Saúde de Juiz de Fora, no sitio da ANVISA e do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA). Foi realizada a análise da legislação vigente para registro de alimentos com alegação de propriedades funcionais e elaboradas orientações para a confecção do relatório técnico-científico para leites fermentados solicitando esta alegação. Este trabalho pode contribuir com a facilitação do processo de registro fornecendo subsídios para que as indústrias possam ter maior domínio e clareza quanto à elaboração do relatório técnico-científico e o consumidor tenha maior acesso a estes produtos diferenciados.

No Brasil, a categoria de alimentos com alegações de propriedades funcionais tem obrigatoriedade de registro na Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). No caso dos leites fermentados com alegações de propriedades funcionais, o registro do produto ocorre no Ministério da Agricultura Pecuária e Abastecimento após a aprovação das alegações pela ANVISA. A fiscalização das propagandas destes alimentos é competência da ANVISA. Não são permitidas alegações que façam referência à cura ou à prevenção de doenças. Probióticos são microrganismos vivos, administrados em quantidades adequadas, que conferem benefícios à saúde do hospedeiro. A alegação padronizada para probióticos é: "O (indicar a espécie do microrganismo) (probiótico) contribui para o equilíbrio da flora intestinal. Seu consumo deve estar associado a uma dieta equilibrada e hábitos de vida saudáveis". Irregularidades na propaganda de alimentos com alegações de propriedades funcionais podem causar danos à saúde do consumidor, o que caracteriza risco sanitário. O objetivo deste trabalho foi contribuir para a proteção da saúde pública por meio da análise da conformidade das propagandas de leites fermentados com alegações de propriedades funcionais em relação à legislação. Observou-se a predominância de anúncios de produtos que continham o microrganismo Lactobacillus casei Shirota (61,1%), seguido por anúncios de produtos com Bifidobacterium animalis (33,3%) e com Lactobacillus casei defensis (5,5%). Concluiu-se que a totalidade das amostras esteve em desacordo com a legislação em pelo menos um requisito. Ressalta-se a necessidade de maior esforço por parte dos órgãos de registro de alimentos e de fiscalização da propaganda para adequá-las à legislação.

This study investigated the α- and β-carotene content and provitamin A value of four leafy vegetables sold at local and street markets in Viçosa, MG, Brazil, in the spring and winter of 2002. Carotenoids were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. α-Carotene was detected in all samples sold during spring, but was only present in a few samples of smooth and curly lettuce and kale in winter. β-Carotene was found in marked quantities in all leafy vegetables analyzed. Duncan's test (α = 5%) showed significantly higher α-carotene content in curly lettuce and vitamin A value in large-leaved watercress in the spring. Mean β-carotene content and vitamin A value were 7544, 8751, 2584, 2792, 8193, and 5338 μg/100 g and 666, 760, 227, 238, 698, and 460 μg RAE/100 g in large-leaved and hydroponic watercress, smooth and curly lettuce, kale and spinach, respectively. All leafy vegetables analyzed represent important sources of provitamin A and supply an important part of the daily requirements of children and adults.Investigou-se o conteúdo de α e β-caroteno e avaliou-se o valor pro-vitamínico A de quatro hortaliças folhosas comercializadas em mercados locais e feira- livre de Viçosa, MG durante a primavera e o inverno de 2002. Os carotenóides foram analisados por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). O α-caroteno foi detectado em todas as amostras analisadas na primavera, porém no inverno, somente algumas amostras de alface crespa e lisa, e couve apresentaram tal carotenóide. O β-caroteno foi encontrado, em quantidades apreciáveis, em todas as hortaliças folhosas analisadas. O teste de Duncan (α=5%) detectou que o conteúdo de α-caroteno em alface crespa e o valor de vitamina A em agrião de folha larga foram estatisticamente superiores na primavera. Os teores médios de β-caroteno e de valor de vitamina A para agrião de folha larga e hidropônico, alface crespa e lisa, couve e espinafre foram: 7544; 8751; 2584; 2792; 8193; 5338 μg/100g e 666; 760; 227; 238; 698; 460 μg RAE/100g, respectivamente. Todas as hortaliças folhosas analisadas constituem importantes fontes de provitamina A e suprem grande parte das recomendações diárias de crianças e adultos.

In this study, different solutions to extract vitamin C were tested. High-performance liquid chromatography was chosen and the conditions were based on isocratic elution in reverse phase column. Dehydroascorbic acid was determined indirectly after its reduction using dithiothreitol. The use of metaphosphoric acid to stabilize the vitamin C was shown to be required and it was necessary to neutralize the pH of the extract to apply dithiothreitol. The average recovery was 90% in collard and tomato samples. The presence of oil did not interfere in extraction and the methodology can be used to analyze stir fried vegetables.

Conduziu-se este trabalho, com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de KOH (0,6%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% e 5%) e temperatura de extração (25ºC, 50°C, 60°C e 70°C) na reação de saponificação dos principais pigmentos de urucum. O progresso da reação foi acompanhado pela quantificação do teor de bixina e de norbixina por meio de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). A maior concentração de base propiciou a maior conversão de bixina em norbixina (KOH 5% - bixina: 0,44 g.100g-1, norbixina: 1,43 g.100g-1) e com a menor concentração não ocorreu conversão (KOH 0,6% - bixina: 2,00 g.100g-1, norbixina: não detectada). A elevação da temperatura de extração esteve associada à redução do teor de bixina no meio e ao aumento do teor de norbixina (T70°C - bixina: 0,01 g.100g-1, norbixina: 2,34 g.100g-1; T25ªC - bixina: 1,04 g.100g-1, norbixina: 0,78 g.100g-1). Sendo assim, para extração de bixina seria recomendado o uso de soluções alcalinas pouco concentradas, ao passo que para a obtenção do pigmento hidrossolúvel são aconselhadas concentrações mais elevadas, podendo estar associadas a aquecimento.This research aimed to evaluate the effect of different KOH concentrations (0.6%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) and extraction temperature (25ºC, 50°C, 60°C and 70°C) on the progress of saponification reaction in annatto pigments. The progress of the reaction was monitored by quantification of bixin and norbixin using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest alkali concentration made possible the maximum conversion of bixin into norbixin (KOH 5% - bixin: 0.44 g.100g-1, norbixin: 1.43 g.100g-1) and using the lowest concentration, saponification didn't take place (KOH 0.6% - bixin: 2.00 g.100g-1, norbixin: not detected). The elevation of extraction temperature was associated to a decrease of bixin content and to an increase of norbixin content (T70°C - bixin: 0.01 g.100g-1, norbixin: 2.34 g.100g-1; T25ºC - bixin: 1.04 g.100g-1, norbixin: 0.78 g.100g-1). Therefore, for the extraction of bixin is recommended to use alkaline solutions in low concentrations. To obtain the hydrossoluble pigment, higher concentrations are suggested, and they could be associated to heating.

Com o objetivo de se obter um extrato de alecrim em solvente orgânico, a ser utilizado na inibição de Salmonella, em alimentos, foram testados quatro tipos de solventes, a saber: metanol, etanol, acetona e hexano. Na obtenção dos extratos foi adotada a técnica recomendada para determinação de lipídeos, conforme as NORMAS ANALÍTICAS DO INSTITUTO ADOLFO LUTZ (1976). A análise dos resultados evidenciou um excelente desempenho do metanol, não sendo contudo recomendada a utilização em produtos alimentares em virtude da sua toxidez. Também o etanol apresentou elevados índices de extração, sem os inconvenientes associados ao uso do metanol, sendo por isto o solvente indicado para a continuidade do estudo proposto. Aiming to obtain a rosemary extract in organic solvent to be used in Salmonella inhibition, in food, were tested four kinds of solvents, namely: methane alcohol, ethyl alcohol, acetone and hexane. It was used the recommended technique for lipids determination in extracts determination according to the analytic rules used by Instituto Adolfo Lutz. Analysis results showed an excellent performance for methane alcohol, but its use is not recommended in feed products due to its toxicity. Ethyl alcohol presented also elevated extraction indexes without inconvenients associated to methane alcohol use, by this reason being a solvent indicated for continuity to the proposed study.

A inovação organizacional e tecnológica é uma proposta conceitual que procura superar as vulnerabilidades dos modelos de pesquisa que não explicitam formas de interação com os segmentos sociais. As vulnerabilidades dos modelos tradicionais de pesquisa são analisadas. O modelo alternativo é elaborado, a sua implementação, os resultados e os obstáculos são apresentados, tendo-se como referência duas situações empíricas, ambas voltadas à sustentabilidade social e ambiental. Contrapõe-se a orientação pesquisa-tecnologia à pesquisa-intervenção social atrelada aos pressupostos científicos, em que há necessidade de redefinição dos papéis e das funções das instituições. Interdisciplinaridade, interinstitucionalidade, monitoria e valores agregados à produção complementam os fundamentos do modelo proposto.The organizacional and technological innovation model is a conceptual proposal that tries to overcome the research model vulnerabilities that does not show interaction forms with the social segments. These traditional model vulnerabilities are analyzed and the social segments are identified under two different empirical situations, considering the new patterns of values and behaviors related to the social and environmental sustentability. The orientation researchtechnology is opposed to the social research-intervention harnessed to the scientific principles. The new technological context is the way the instituitions and organizations act together at the local, regional and national levels.The additional issue is their role and functional redifinitions. Interactions effort among areas of knowledge are undertook, as well as interinterinstitutional actions, monitoring activities, and value added to the farm production complement the foundations of the proposed model.

The main objective of breeding programs is to obtain tomato varieties capable of expressing their yield potential under the most diverse conditions. However, little emphasis has been employed on the quality of the fruits produced. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate tomato fruit quality with regarding TSS:TA ratio, sugar reducing content, acidity, pH, total soluble solids and contents of carotenoids, ascorbic acid and potassium as a function of plant yield increase. Two experiments were carried out at the Olericulture Sector, Department of Plant Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, from January to May 2002. A randomized block design was used, with six replicates, and three genotypes: cultivar Santa Clara, hybrid Carmem and an accession BGH-320 from the Vegetable Germplasm Bank of the UFV. The experiment was carried out in a non-heated greenhouse covered with a plastic film and in the field conditions. The increase of plant productivity reduced the fruit quality, except for TSS:TA ratio of Santa Clara and TSS of the Carmem fruits growth in the field, that had increased with the increase of plant productivity. The sugar reducing content of genotype BGH-320 growth in the non-heated greenhouse and acidity of the Santa Clara's fruits growth in the field were reduced with increase of plant productivity. TSS:TA ratio of the Carmem's fruits growth in non-heated greenhouse and potassium content of BGH-320's fruits growth in non-heated greenhouse presented quadratic behavior with increase of plant productivity.

A doença celíaca é uma intolerância alimentar relacionada ao glúten. O tratamento consiste na exclusão do glúten da dieta. A Lei n° 10.674, de 16 de maio de 2003, obriga que os produtos alimentícios comercializados informem sobre a presença ou não de glúten. A advertência deve ser impressa nos rótulos, embalagens, cartazes e materiais de divulgação em caracteres com destaque, nítidos e de fácil leitura. O trabalho analisou o cumprimento da legislação vigente em 226 propagandas tipo folder de alimentos industrializados coletadas em estabelecimentos comerciais nos municípios de Juiz de Fora, Viçosa, Belo horizonte e São Paulo, no período de março de 2006 a março de 2007, utilizando-se da amostragem não probabilística de conveniência. Observou-se a predominância de amostras (n=221, 97,8%) em desacordo com a legislação. Concluiu-se que há necessidade de maior esforço para a implementação das ações de Vigilância Sanitária que resultem na promoção e proteção da saúde pública.

Flores de Tagetes patula cv. French Marigold, cultivares Yellow, Orange e Flame e de Calendula officinalis L. foram cultivadas no Setor de Floricultura e Plantas Ornamentais, do Departamento de Fitotecnia, da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG. As plantas foram cultivadas a pleno sol e no plantio foram fertilizadas com 50 L.m-2 de matéria orgânica, 50 g.m-2 de nitrogênio na forma de sulfato de amônio, 150 g.m-2 de P2O5 na forma de superfosfato simples e 20 g.m-2 de K2O na forma de cloreto de potássio. Após a coleta das flores, nos meses de novembro de 2004 a fevereiro de 2005 O efeito do solvente extrator e da saponificação sobre a capacidade antioxidante dos extratos de luteína obtidos de flores de Tagetes patula L. (tagestes) e Calendula officinalis L. (calêndula) foi avaliado pelo teste do radical livre DPPH e pela inibição da oxidação do ácido linoléico em emulsão com β-caroteno. Os extratos foram obtidos mediante extração com os solventes: etanol, tetraidrofurano e hexano por 24 h ao abrigo da luz, sendo a extração com hexano realizada, também, a quente em aparato Soxhlet com 7 h de extração dinâmica, seguida de extração estática over night e 1 h de extração dinâmica. A saponificação foi efetuada simultânea a extração com KOH etanólico 10%. Os extratos que apresentaram menor valor de EC50, ou seja, maior capacidade de seqüestro do radical DPPH foram os de tagetes extraídos com etanol não saponificado (0,044 g.mmol DPPH-1) e o saponificado extraído com tetraidrofurano (0,068 g.mmol DPPH-1), bem como, os de calêndula extraídos com tetraidrofurano independente da saponificação (0,004 e 0,015 g.mmol DPPH-1). Já os que apresentaram as maiores porcentagem de inibição à oxidação lipídica foram os extratos de tagetes e calêndula não saponificados, com inibições de 72,22% e 72,97%, respectivamente. O tetraidrofurano foi o solvente que de uma forma geral apresentou extratos mais efetivos quanto à proteção da oxidação, sendo que a saponificação contribuiu para a redução desta capacidade. Além da luteína outros compostos contribuíram para a ação antioxidante das oleoresinas. As flores estudadas podem ser consideradas fontes promissoras de compostos biologicamente ativos com propriedades antioxidantes.

Os flavonóides apresentam diversas atividades biológicas (antioxidantes, antiinflamatórios, anticancerígenos, dentre outras) e estreitas correlações entre o consumo de alimentos ricos em flavonóides e doenças cardíacas. Pesquisas mostram que os flavonóides 7-glicosil-apigenina, 7-bissulfato-apigenina, 7-glicosil-luteolina, 7-bissulfato-luteolina e os corantes bixina e norbixina foram isolados e identificadas suas estruturas de sementes de urucum. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar, isoladamente bixina, norbixina e a quercetina, presentes no urucum e a associação da bixina com a quercetina, para verificar seus efeitos hipolipidêmicos em coelhos. A hiperlipidemia foi induzida misturando à ração colesterol 1% + ácido cólico 0,1%, durante 28 dias. As substâncias testadas foram fornecidas na dose de 0,01 mol/kg de peso corporal, por via oral, em cápsulas. Após 28 dias, as dosagens sorológicas foram efetuadas e os resultados expressos em mg/dL de colesterol, colesterol-HDL e triacilgliceróis. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que a bixina apresentou o maior valor na redução do colesterol total embora não tenha sido significativo na manutenção dos níveis elevados de colesterol-HDL e a quercetina na redução dos triacilgliceróis. A bixina apresentou melhor eficácia em relação ao colesterol-HDL uma vez que a redução deste parâmetro foi menor (-11,43%) ao se comparar o grupo 3 com o grupo 2, sendo vantajoso, já que esta lipoproteína transporta o colesterol da circulação sangüínea para o fígado. Com relação à concentração de triacilgliceróis, a quercetina apresentou a maior percentagem de redução e a associação bixina + quercetina apresentou uma percentagem de --38,92%, que foi maior que a bixina isoladamente. Assim, estas substâncias apresentaram potencial para serem, futuramente, utilizadas como fármacos, no tratamento e/ou na prevenção de doenças cardíacas, diabetes e outras.

ABSTRACT: The frozen açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp market has had acceptable development and presents great market potential due to its high nutritional level and fruit's seasonality. However, due to the lack of standards for all types of fruit, products without uniformity are in the market. This study aimed to evaluate frozen açaí pulp belonging to different trademarks related to chemical, physicochemical, and microbiological characteristics. Regarding the total titratable acidity (TTA) and pH, two trademarks from Pará and two from Minas Gerais were rejected compared with the current legislation. It was observed that K (1,253.6mg 100 g-1), Ca (312mg 100g-1), Mg (178mg 100g-1), and P (145mg 100g-1) were the main minerals reported in the analyzed samples. Fe showed an average content from 9.65mg 100g-1 to 22.66mg 100g-1. As for microbiological characteristics, the counts for E. coli were in compliance with legislation. Counts of mesophilic aerobic, filamentous fungi, and yeasts showed variations in the results. The count of coagulase-positive S. aureus met the standards [102 Colony Forming Units (CFU) g-1]; and presence of Salmonella sp. in a trademark was detected among the six evaluated trademarks. The analyzed pulp of açaí showed total phenolics values ranging from 240.14mg AGE 100g-1 to 372.43mg AGE 100g-1, and anthocyanin total levels ranging from 12.05 to 24.98mg 100g-1. The obtained physicochemical and microbiological results indicated the need for immediate implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices; conversely, the frozen pulp of açaí showed considerable antioxidant potential.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to develop and characterize beverages formulated with whey protein and added lutein. Beverages formulated with 0.5 (F1), 2.0 (F2), 4.0 (F3) and 6.0% w/v (F4) whey protein were physicochemically and microbiologically characterized, and sensory evaluated. The physicochemical analyses indicated that the protein content significantly changed (P0.05) with increased protein content. The F2 formulation showed the highest sensory acceptance. Beverages offer a promising alternative to whey use and enhance the value of the product by the addition of lutein.