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Acute HSV-1 infection is associated with mild symptoms, such as fever and lesions of the mouth, face and skin. This phase is followed by a latency period before reactivation, which is associated with symptoms ranging from ulcers to encephalitis. Despite available anti-HSV-1 drugs, the development of new antiviral agents is sought due to the presence of resistant viruses. Melatonin, a molecule secreted by the pineal gland, has been shown to be an antioxidant, inducer of antioxidant enzymes, and regulator of various biological processes. Clinical trials have explored its therapeutic utility in conditions including infections. This study focuses on melatonin's role in HSV-1 replication and the underlying mechanisms. Melatonin was found to decrease the synthesis of HSV-1 proteins in infected Vero cells measured by immunofluorescence, indicating an inhibition of HSV-1 replication. Additionally, it regulates the activities of antioxidant enzymes and affects proteasome activity. Melatonin activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy and suppresses apoptosis in HSV-1-infected cells. In summary, melatonin demonstrates an inhibitory role in HSV-1 replication by modulating various cellular responses, suggesting its potential utility in the treatment of viral infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential dependence of the rate of dehydration of formic acid to adsorbed CO (COad) on Pt at pH 1 has been studied on a polycrystalline Pt surface by time-resolved surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy in the attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-SEIRAS) with simultaneous recording of current transients after a potential step. A range of formic acid concentrations has been used to obtain a deeper insight into the mechanism of the reaction. The experiments have allowed us to confirm that the potential dependence of the rate of dehydration has a bell shape, going through a maximum around the potential of zero total charge (pztc) of the most active site. The analysis of the integrated intensity and frequency of the bands corresponding to COL and COB/M shows a progressive population of the active sites on the surface. The observed potential dependence of the rate of formation of COad is consistent with a mechanism in which the reversible electroadsorption of HCOOad is followed by its rate-determining reduction to COad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of bacterial cellulose is an innovative and sustainable biotechnological process that harnesses the extracellular metabolism of bacteria to convert diverse organic substrates into cellulose. These substrates may include sources of renewable raw materials such as agricultural residues. Their feasibility of acquisition provides them with applications in multiple industrial sectors, including the aquaculture industry. Thus, this research aimed to assess the potential of two agricultural residues to produce bacterial cellulose and identify their impact on the development of Artemia larvae. In this study, five treatments were evaluated: treatment T1 (control) based on standard culture medium with glucose as the carbon source, treatments T2 and T3 with banana peel extracts at different concentrations (10 and 25%, respectively) as alternative carbon sources, and treatments T4 and T5 with pineapple peel extracts at different concentrations (10 and 25%, respectively) as a second alternative carbon source. These were incubated for 7 days, during which productivity parameters were calculated. It was found that treatment T2 exhibited the highest values in productivity parameters, yield, and substrate conversion rate. This can be attributed to the fibrous composition of the material, which also proved to be an efficient substrate for the growth of Artemia larvae, which will be beneficial in the feeding of aquatic organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we analyze how reputation-based interactions influence the emergence of innovations. To do so, we make use of a dynamic model that mimics the discovery process by which, at each time step, a pair of individuals meet and merge their knowledge to eventually result in a novel technology of higher value. The way in which these pairs are brought together is found to be crucial for achieving the highest technological level. Our results show that when the influence of reputation is weak or moderate, it induces an acceleration of the discovery process with respect to the neutral case (purely random coupling). However, an excess of reputation is clearly detrimental, because it leads to an excessive concentration of knowledge in a small set of people, which prevents a diversification of the technologies discovered and, in addition, leads to societies in which a majority of individuals lack technical capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a considerable investment of time from various telescope facilities was dedicated toward studying the Spiderweb protocluster at z = 2.2, it so far remains one of the most extensively studied protocluster. We report here the latest results in this field, adding a new dimension to previous research on cluster formation at high redshift. Previous studies have reported a significant overdensity (δ ∼ 10) of massive Hα (+ [N  ii ])-emitting galaxies in 3700 comoving Mpc3. Many of these were previously considered to be dusty, actively star-forming galaxies, given their rest-frame optical and infrared features. However, this study argues that a third of them are more likely to be 'passively evolving' galaxies with low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) rather than star-forming galaxies, given the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting including an AGN component. For their SED-based star formation rates to be valid, bulk of their Hα + [N  ii ] emission should come from the central AGNs. This difference in interpretation between this work and past studies, including ours, is particularly supported by the recent deep Chandra /X-ray observation. Furthermore, we have spectroscopically confirmed a quiescent nature for one of these AGNs, with its multiple stellar absorption lines but also low-ionization emission lines. This important update provides new insights into the role of AGNs in forming the cluster red sequence observed in the present-day universe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use K -band multi-object near-infrared spectroscopy with Keck/MOSFIRE to search for environmental imprints on the gas properties of 27 narrow-band selected H α emitters (HAEs) across the three major clumps of the assembling USS1558−003 protocluster at z  = 2.53. We target the H α and [N  ii ]λ6584 emission lines to obtain star formation rates (SFR) and gas-phase oxygen abundances for our sources, confirming the membership of 23 objects. HAEs belonging to this protocluster display enhanced SFRs with respect to the main sequence of star formation at the same cosmic epoch. This effect is more prominent for low-mass galaxies (⁠|$\mathrm{\log \mathit{ M}_*/M_\odot \lt 10.0}$|⁠), which may be experiencing a vigorous phase of mass assembly shortly after they were formed. We compute the individual and stacked gas-phase metallicities for our sources finding a metallicity deficit for low-mass objects when compared against the field mass–metallicity relation and the massive Spiderweb protocluster at z  = 2.16. These results suggest that HAEs within USS1558−003 may be less evolved than those in the Spiderweb protocluster. Finally, we explore the gas metallicity–gas fraction relation for a small sample of five galaxies with CO(3–2) molecular gas information. Assuming our objects are in equilibrium, we obtain a relatively wide range of mass loading factors (λ = 0.5–2) matching field samples at the cosmic noon but in contrast with our previous results in the Spiderweb protocluster. We speculate that these discrepancies between protoclusters may be (partly) driven by differences in their current dynamical and mass assembly stages, hinting at the co-evolution of protoclusters and their galaxy populations at 2 < z < 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular senescence and low-grade inflammation favor the acceleration of aging. The liver is an essential metabolic organ because changes related to its function are related to age-related diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of maraviroc (MVC) and/or rapamycin (RAPA) on liver tissue in an experimental model of frailty syndrome in mice, since MVC and RAPA are two molecules able to decrease CCR5 expression, which is overexpressed in patients with frailty. Methods: Eighty male homozygous IL10KO mice were randomly assigned to one of 4 groups (n = 20): i) IL10KO group; ii) MVC group, iii) RAPA group, and iv) MVC-RAPA group. Liver samples were analyzed. Gene expression quantification and western blotting were also performed. The proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-18 were decreased in MVC and MVC/RAPA groups, IL-12 was decreased in RAPA and MVC/RAPA groups and TNF-α was decreased in all therapeutic groups. P21 was decreased in RAPA and MVC/RAPA groups, Galactosidase beta-1, was also significantly reduced in all therapeutic groups, as were NF-kB1, NF-kB2 and STAT3. In all groups, mTOR and CCL5 were significantly reduced. CCR5 expression was decreased in the MVC and MVC/RAPA groups. Conclusion: MVC and RAPA may protect against some factors involved in liver aging. More studies will be necessary to verify their clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the skills to be developed in the study of reactive power compensation control devices in electrical power systems is the analysis of the control models of static reactive compensators. Python is free software that allows data analysis, control and simulation of electrical power systems. The objective of the article is to propose an application that allows the study of reactive power compensation that helps improve the teaching-learning process of the subject of Power Electronics. The study was based on a qualitative - descriptive methodology in which analytical - synthetic and inductive - deductive methods were used and the survey was used as empirical methods. For the processing and analysis of the information collected, the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies was used as a statistical method. The results corroborate the importance of using the proposed method to improve the teaching-learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of the alternative media in the constitution of independent music scenes has been fundamental for the creation of support, dissemination and promotion networks. This article explores these communicative experiences in depth by analysing, through fanzines and free radio stations, how their relationship with different Spanish music scenes (punk and Jamaican music) developed. With the aim of introducing a historical analysis that traces the depth of these media and their evolution from the past to the present, the adaptation of these media to the new web environment that, since the beginning of the century, has dominated the space of cultural production and consumption has been analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide perovskites are promising candidates for resistive memories (memristors) due to their mixed electronic/ionic conductivity and the real activation mechanism is currently under debate. In order to unveil the role of the metal contact and its connection with the activation process, four model systems are screened on halide perovskite memristors: Nearly inert metals (Au and Pt), low reactivity contacts (Cu), highly reactive contact (Ag and Al), and pre‐oxidized metal in the form of AgI. It is revealed that the threshold voltage for activation of the memory effect is highly connected with the electrochemical activity of the metals. Redox/capacitive peaks are observed for reactive metals at positive potentials and charged ions are formed that can follow the electrical field. Activation proceeds by formation of conductive filaments, either by the direct migration of the charged metals or by an increase in the concentration of halide vacancies generated by this electrochemical reaction. Importantly, the use of pre‐oxidized Ag+ ions leads to very low threshold voltages of ≈0.2 V indicating that an additional electrochemical reaction is not needed in this system to activate the memristor. Overall, the effect of the metal contact is clarified, and it is revealed that AgI is a very promising interfacial layer for low‐energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are many working factors to do with depression. Objective: To determine the association between the exposure to COVID-19 and depression in physicians and nurses from the four hospitals at "Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI" (CMN SXXI) took part in: Oncology, Specialties, Cardiology and Pediatrics. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study of 856 participants took place in January 2022, excluding workers, such as physicians and nurses from the CMN SXXI, disabled workers, staff with a union agreement, support staff and/or staff with less than one year of work labour. Through a selfadministered questionnaire, the degree of occupational exposure to patients care with COVID-19, a history of COVID-19 infection, and the patient's health quiz were asked (PHQ-9). The analysis included simple frequency measurements, odds ratio (OR), Chi squared and multiple logistics regression with p ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of depression in the medical and nursing staff at CMN SXXI was 32.2% (moderate to severe degree); In the multiple regression, an association was identified with not identifying support by the Institute (OR: 1.60, CI95%: 1.08-2.39, p = 0.02), high occupational exposure (OR: 8.35, CI95%: 3.02-23.09, p < 0.0001), and more than 5 working days a week serving the COVID-19 patients (OR: 2.51, CI95%: 1.35-4.49, p = 0.004) and as a protective factor the fact that they have never had the COVID- 19 (OR: 0.61, CI95%: 0.43-0.86, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The prevalence of depression was higher than expected being associated with the degree of occupational exposure in the COVID-19 patients´ assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research addresses the problem of violence against women within couple relationships. In this sense, the general objective was formulated: to characterize the manifestations of violence against professional women with partners in a sample of office nro. 15 of the Municipality of Guanajay. The research is supported by a quantitative-qualitative, descriptive cross-sectional methodology. The selected sample of 30 professional women between 30 and 45 years old, non-probabilistic, made up of typical subjects. Regarding the methods and techniques used, there are: the semi-structured interview, the questionnaire for women, the questionnaire on domestic violence, and group dynamics. All these tools made it possible to provide answers to the different proposed objectives. The results point to the presence of both psychological and physical violence. Other types of violence such as economic and sexual violence appear in the study but are not recognized by women. The presence of emotional social support networks was confirmed. All of this makes it possible to point out as recommendations the need to work on family dynamics, changing attitudes, as well as the implementation of educational activities within the couple. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate territorial planning is essential for the sustainability of development and, within it, the integration of ecosystem services is key. The objective of this research is to present a procedure for the integration of ecosystem services to territorial planning in the socioeconomic context of Cuba. Methods are applied: historicallogical, synthesis analysis and inductive-deductive. As results, the procedure designed for the integration of ecosystem services into territorial planning is presented; as well as its application in the Ciénaga de Majaguillar. Likewise, lines of action are proposed to implement changes in territorial planning resulting from the integration of ecosystem services, which are based on indicators of ecosystem services for decision making related to the sustainable use of the goods and services of the ecosystems that they simultaneously promote human well-being and the conservation of biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Electrical Circuits subjects constitute the fundamental basis for the training of electrical engineers, within the skills to be developed in these subjects is the analysis of the phasor diagrams of electrical circuits, an important aspect for the trainee engineer since, in practice, it is necessary to know the relationship between voltage and current in the complex plane of a given circuit. On the other hand, GeoGebra is a free interactive mathematics software that allows the graphical representation and algebraic treatment of functions. That is why the objective of the article is to propose an analytical methodology and through simulation with the GeoGebra software for the analysis of phasor diagrams that helps to improve the teaching-learning process of Electrical Circuits subjects for 2nd year students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the quadratic expansion in the photon fields of Euler–Heisenberg (EH) non-linear electrodynamics (NLED) Lagrangian model we study relevant vacuum properties in a scenario involving the propagation of a photon probe in the presence of a background constant and static magnetic field, B e . We compute the gauge invariant, symmetric and conserved energy–momentum tensor (EMT) and angular momentum tensor (AMT) for arbitrary magnetic field strength using the Hilbert method under the soft-photon approximation. We discuss how the presence of magneto-electric terms in the EH Lagrangian is a source of anisotropy, induce the non-zero trace in the EMT and leads to differences between EMT calculated by the Hilbert or Noether method. From the Hilbert EMT we analyze some quantities of interest such as the energy density, pressures, Poynting vector, and angular momentum vector, comparing and discussing the differences with respect to the improved Noether method. The magnetized vacuum properties are also studied showing that a photon effective magnetic moment can be defined for different polarization modes. The calculations are done in terms of derivatives of the two scalar invariants of electrodynamics, hence, extension to other NLED Lagrangian is straightforward. We discuss further physical implications and experimental strategies to test magnetization, photon pressure, and effective magnetic moment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pornography consumption is higher in men, but we do not know if this association can be modified by different variables, such as sexual attraction and place of origin. Given the impact pornography has on minors, there are limited studies that analyze the use of pornography in representative samples of the adult population. The aim was analyze the prevalence and factors associated with using pornography in young adult men and women, living in Spain, with different sexual attractions and different places of birth. Methods: Cross-sectional study with an online survey conducted with 2515 men and women aged between 18 and 35 years of age. The prevalence of pornography consumption is described and analyzed in the total sample and stratified by sex, according to socio-demographic and sexual attraction variables. The association between covariates and pornography consumption at some point in life was estimated with prevalence ratios (PR) obtained with the Poisson models of robust variance. Dependent variable: voluntarily using pornography at some point in life. Socio-demographic variables were included in the analysis: age, sex, level of education, place of birth. Sexual attraction was also analyzed. Results: In Spain, 94.7% of men between 18 and 34 years and 74.6% of women have voluntarily used pornography at some point in their life. The mean age to start using it is earlier in men [Mean:14.2; Standard Deviation (SD):2.3]. Bisexual/homosexual attraction (reference: heterosexual) increases the probability of using pornography in women [(PR (95%CI): 1.30 (1.22; 1.38)]. Yet this is not observed in men. In both sexes, the probability of using pornography increases with age [(PR (95%CI): 1.01(1.00; 1.01)] and coming from abroad (reference: native), being the effect of country of birth significantly higher in women [(PR (95%CI): 1.17 (1.09; 1.26)] than in men [(PR (95%CI): 1.04 (1.01; 1.07). Conclusions: Public health programmes aimed at improving affective-sexual health should consider the high use of pornography among young adults in Spain, as well as those variables that increase its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Colombia has 50,912,429 inhabitants, but only 50–70% of the population can effectively access health care services. The emergency room (ER) is a main contributor to the in-hospital care system since up to half of the admissions come through it. Telemedicine has become a tool to facilitate effective access to health care services, improve the timeliness of care, reduce diagnostic variability, and reduce costs associated with health. The aim of this study is to describe the experience of a Distance Emergency Care Program through Telemedicine (TelEmergency) to improve specialist access for patients at the Emergency Room (ER) in low- and medium-level care hospitals in Colombia. Methods: An observational descriptive study of a cohort including 1,544 patients during the program's first two years was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the available data. The data are presented with summarized statistics of sociodemographic, clinical, and patient-care variables. Results: The study included a total of 1,544 patients, and the majority were adults between 60 and 79 years of age (n = 491, 32%). More than half were men (n = 832, 54%), and 68% (n = 1,057) belonged to the contributory health care regime. The service was requested from 346 municipalities, 70% (n = 1,076) from intermediate and rural settings. The most common diagnoses were related to COVID-19 (n = 356, 22%), respiratory diseases (n = 217, 14%), and cardiovascular diseases (n = 162, 10%). We observed 44% (n = 681) of local admissions either under observation (n = 53, 3%) or hospitalization (n = 380, 24%), limiting the need for hospital transfers. Program operation data revealed that 50% (n = 799) of requests were answered within two hours by the medical staff. The initial diagnosis was modified in 7% (n = 119) of the patients after being evaluated by specialists at the TelEmergency program. Conclusions: This study shows the operational data collected during the first two years after the implementation of the TelEmergency program in Colombia, the first of its kind in the country. Its implementation offered specialized timely management of patients at the ER in low- and medium-level care hospitals, where there is no availability of specialized doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When a monkeypox virus outbreak began in several parts of the world in May 2022, timely and accurate diagnosis became mandatory. In our laboratory, a real-time quantitative PCR was designed and evaluated in several patient samples and compared with isolation results. Genomic viral load was related to virus viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sex education is included in the basic education curriculum in many countries, in order to promote knowledge and skills on sexuality, reproduction and reproductive sexual health. Given that it is a content with a strong sociocultural connotation, its delivery in the classroom is complex, sensitive and controversial for teachers and students, making it difficult to create environments conducive to learning. The objective of this article is to discuss how the classroom climate influences the learning of sexual education and the role of the teacher in its construction. The discussion is derived from a bibliographic review in national and international sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the feasibility of using aluminum pipes for irrigation in agricultural fields for reuse on a farm as underground canalization is analyzed. Due to the need to have a group of grain mills, it is necessary to build a new electrical branch in the installation, and due to limitations it is essential that the new pipeline be buried. Therefore, the finite element method is used to analyze the behavior of three conductors within the aluminum duct. Taking into account the effects of the magnetic field in the aluminum material and the eddy currents that are formed, which increase the losses in the energy distribution. The analysis of the behavior of electrical losses within the pipeline, it was studied how the proximity of the conductors to the pipe wall affects and the changing the distribution of the conductors inside the pipe was also verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current transformations in the training model have required Higher Education to reconsider the professional profile models. In this effort, the curriculum in the Electrical Engineering career is perfected, in which the essentiality of the contents is essential to reduce training time and achieve higher levels of independence and leadership of the student. For this, it is important to take advantage of the advantages offered by Information and Communication Technologies in the educational field, so the objective of the article is to propose programming as a method to improve the teaching-learning process of electrical engineers through the development of a graphical interface application derived from Scilab. The research was developed in the Electrical Engineering career with a sample of 70 4th year students, the results obtained corroborate the importance of using the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melasma has a complex pathophysiology with different cell types and signalling pathways involved. Paracrine factors secreted by keratinocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells act on melanocytes and stimulate melanogenesis. These paracrine factors are involved in the oxidative stress, inflammatory, vascular and hormonal pathways, among others. Damage of the dermoepidermal barrier also occurs and facilitates melanin deposition in the dermis, also known as dermal or mixed melasma. We used artificial intelligence tools to define the best combination of compounds for skin pigmentation inhibition. Mathematical models suggested the combination of retinol, diosmin and ferulic acid to be the most effective one. In vitro cellular tyrosinase activity assay proved that this combination had a synergistic depigmenting effect. Further assays proved that the combination could inhibit key pathways involved in melasma by downregulating ET‐1 and COX‐2 gene expression and IBMX‐induced dendricity in human melanocytes, and upregulated the gene expression of IL‐1b, TIMP3 and several endogenous antioxidant enzymes. The combination also reduced melanin levels in a phototype VI 3D epidermis model. These results indicate that the combination of retinol, diosmin and ferulic acid is an effective synergistic complex for the treatment of melasma by regulating the key molecular pathways involved in skin hyperpigmentation pathophysiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hurricane María, one of the most devastating hurricanes to hit Puerto Rico, brought to light the acceleration and impact of climate change in both Puerto Rico and the Caribbean region. Throughout this text, I present how the work of contemporary Puerto Rican artists Lionel Cruet and Frances Gallardo addresses the interconnected nature of colonialism and capitalism, and their impact on the Anthropocene in Puerto Rico and by default, on the rest of the Caribbean. This text approaches the correlation of the destruction of Hurricane María and Puerto Rico’s relationship with the United States from a decolonial perspective, rooted in critical Caribbean studies. It analyzes the climatological, historical, economic, and social devastating effects of the relationship that binds Puerto Rico to the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hegemonic masculinity has been recognized as contributing to the perpetration of different forms of gender-based violence (GBV). Abandoning hegemonic masculinities and promoting positive masculinities are both strategies used by interventions that foreground a "gender-transformative approach." Preventing GBV among young people could be strengthened by engaging young men. In this article, we aim to systematically review the primary characteristics, methodological quality, and results of published evaluation studies of educational interventions that aim to prevent different forms of GBV through addressing hegemonic masculinities among young people. Main body: We conducted a systematic review of available literature (2008–2019) using Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, the CINAHL Complete Database, and ERIC as well as Google scholar. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication was used for data extraction, and the quality of the selected studies was analyzed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool. More than half of the studies were conducted in Africa (n = 10/15) and many were randomized controlled trials (n = 8/15). Most of the studies with quantitative and qualitative methodologies (n = 12/15) reported a decrease in physical GBV and/or sexual violence perpetration/victimization (n = 6/15). Longitudinal studies reported consistent results over time. Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of using a gender-transformative approach in educational interventions to engage young people in critical thinking about hegemonic masculinity and to prevent GBV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use multi-object near-infrared spectroscopy with VLT/KMOS to investigate the role of the environment in the evolution of the ionized gas properties of narrow-band-selected H α emitters (HAEs) in the Spiderweb protocluster at z  = 2.16. Based on rest-frame optical emission lines, H α and [N  ii ]λ6584, we confirm the cluster membership of 39 of our targets (i.e. 93 per cent success rate), and measure their star formation rates (SFR), gas-phase oxygen abundances, and effective radius. We parametrize the environment where our targets reside using local and global density indicators based on previous samples of spectroscopic and narrow-band cluster members. We find that star-forming galaxies embedded in the Spiderweb protocluster display SFRs compatible with those of the main sequence and morphologies comparable to those of late-type galaxies at z  = 2.2 in the field. We also report a mild gas-phase metallicity enhancement (0.06 ± 0.03 dex) at intermediate stellar masses. Furthermore, we identify two UVJ-selected quiescent galaxies with residual H α-based star formation and find signs of extreme dust obscuration in a small sample of starbursty submillimetre galaxies based on their FIR and H α emission. Interestingly, the spatial distribution of these objects differs from the rest of HAEs, avoiding the protocluster core. Finally, we explore the gas fraction–gas metallicity diagram for seven galaxies with molecular gas masses measured by ATCA using CO(1−0). In the context of the gas-regulator model, our objects are consistent with relatively low mass-loading factors, suggesting lower outflow activity than field samples at the cosmic noon and thus, hinting at the onset of environmental effects in this massive protocluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the current state of knowledge regarding the relationship between labor welfare and Flow, a systematic review was conducted on theoretical and empirical findings published in indexed journals related to the concepts of a) workplace well-being, b) the state of flow, and c) the potential relationship between these two variables. The literature review revealed a scarcity of texts addressing the connection between these variables, as well as a lack of tests or questionnaires enabling the analysis of the Flow experience within Latin American organizational contexts. Consequently, we conclude that workplace well-being is examined at both individual and group levels, whereas Flow is predominantly explored at an individual level. For future research, it is recommended to collectively examine these variables and work towards developing a well-being model that incorporates the flow experience as one of its dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Guevara Palace in Segura, built by the lieutenant of the high steward of Queen Isabella the Catholic, represents the only example of Castilian palace architecture from the 15th century built in Gipuzkoa. Yet despite this relevant particularity and its designation as a national historic and artistic monument, its architectural characterisation, profoundly transformed over five centuries, has not been deeply explored to date. This research proposes an approach to the original plan through graphic reconstruction that explains the building's successive transformations, identifying them by chronological phases. To understand the singular circumstance of its construction, the special relationship between the person for whom it was built and the context of Castilian palace architecture at the time was analysed. An extensive search for descriptive graphic and notarial documentary references was also undertaken, the aim being to profile its architectural and symbolic identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The aims of the present study were to describe the pathology in goats naturally infected with the Spanish goat encephalitis virus (SGEV), as well as discuss the pathogenesis of the disease in the outbreak which occurred in 2011. Neuropathological lesions caused by SGEV were severe and widespread throughout the central nervous system but were more severe and extensive in the proximal cervical spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellar cortex. The distribution of viral antigens was restricted to the cytoplasm of neurons in several brain areas but not associated with inflammatory foci nor inflammatory cells. SGEV should be considered a significant pathogen of goats that results in severe neurological clinical disease and high mortality. In autumn 2011, a disease outbreak caused by Spanish goat encephalitis virus (SGEV) was reported in a herd of goats from Asturias (north-western Spain), expanding the known geographic distribution of tick-borne encephalitis in Europe. The virus was classified as a new subtype (subspecies) within the Louping-ill virus species of the mammalian tick-borne flavivirus group. The aims of the present study were to describe the pathology in goats naturally infected with SGEV, as well as discuss the pathogenesis of the disease in that outbreak. A total of 22/85 (25.88%) goats (20 adults and 2 kids) died between October 2011 and June 2012, showing neurological clinical signs. Over three years, the mortality rate in the herd reached 100%. Neuropathological lesions caused by SGEV were severe and widespread throughout the central nervous system but were more severe and numerous in the proximal cervical spinal cord, medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellar cortex. They consisted of neuron necrosis, neuronophagia, mononuclear inflammatory cell perivascular cuffs (lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages) and gliosis. The distribution of viral antigens was restricted to the cytoplasm of neurons in several brain areas but not associated with inflammatory foci nor inflammatory cells. SGEV should be considered a significant pathogen of goats that results in severe neurological clinical disease and high mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the effects of a uniform and constant magnetic field on the Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) of relativistic charged scalar bosons. The condensation of magnetized charged bosons is usually discussed in the weak or strong field regimes separately, and in each case, the properties predicted for the condensate are different. Here, we develop a low‐temperature analysis suitable for any field that allows us to observe how the gas behaves for intermediate values of the magnetic field. We find that BEC may occur at finite magnetic fields, despite the gas becoming effectively one‐dimensional due to Landau quantization of the momentum perpendicular to the magnetic axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El articulo discute la historia de la literatura en México con el enfoque de la contribución literaria de los autores Jessica C. Locke, Ana Castaño And Jorge Gutiérrez Reyna.

We consider a homogenization problem for the Laplace operator posed in a bounded domain of the upper half-space, a part of its boundary being in contact with the plane { x 3 = 0 } . On this part, the boundary conditions alternate from Neumann to nonlinear-Robin, being of Dirichlet type outside. The nonlinear-Robin boundary conditions are imposed on small regions periodically placed along the plane and contain a Robin parameter that can be very large. We provide all the possible homogenized problems, depending on the relations between the three parameters: period ε , size of the small regions r ε and Robin parameter β (ε) . In particular, we address the convergence, as ε tends to zero, of the solutions for the critical size of the small regions r ε = O (ε 2) . For certain β (ε) , a nonlinear capacity term arises in the strange term which depends on the macroscopic variable and allows us to extend the usual capacity definition to semilinear boundary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast, sensitive techniques are advisable for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Various rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection tests have been developed, but type and quality of the sample, stage of the disease and viral load can all have an impact on their sensitivity. For this study, a total of 486 swabs were processed and checked with various commercially available tests and then compared with q(RT)-PCR (the gold-standard method). Total sensitivity varied considerably; for example, 42.10% (nal von minden and Tody Laboratories), 68.42% (Cahnos) and 84.78% (PCL). Sensitivity reached 100% when the cycle threshold (Ct) was lower than 22 in almost all tests, although this dropped considerably when the Ct was higher above 30, where only 3 tests identified 40% or more positive samples and in 5 cases it was 0%. What is more, only 2 cases were 100% accurate when viral load was higher than 5 log/103 cells and accuracy was 0% in 12 cases when viral load was lower than 4 log/103 cells. These results, particularly taking into consideration the fact that they used normalized viral load, suggest that antigen detection tests have their role in the fast triage of positive patients, but that considerable care should be taken with negative results, which is even more important if they are used for massive screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Climate warming is evident at many cold sites, including high-altitude and high-latitude lakes. The cladoceran Daphnia pulex, with high calcium (Ca) demands for its heavily calcified exoskeleton, is an ecologically important zooplankton species inhabiting these lakes, many of which are Ca-limited. Other stressors, such as warming and food limitation, may interact with Ca limitation and affect Daphnia populations adapted to these cold environments. In a study of factorial design, a clone of North American Daphnia cf. pulex was exposed to a low-Ca gradient, to temperature rises within its preferred range and expected in these lakes, and to conditions of low and high food quantity. Results suggest that climate warming and higher food availability will make D. pulex populations more tolerant to Ca limitation. Changes in the abundance of Daphnia may be relevant to ecological processes and the functioning of aquatic ecosystems. Calcium (Ca) is an important driver of community structure in freshwaters. We examined the combined effects of increased temperatures and variations in food quantity on the tolerance to low Ca of Daphnia pulex. The aim was to predict the impact of climate warming on this keystone zooplanktonic species in cold-climate lakes. We conducted a factorial life-history experiment in a clone of North American Daphnia cf. pulex to analyse the interaction effects of a temperature increase (17.5 °C–21 °C) within their physiological preferred range and expected by climate warming over the next few decades and a narrow Ca gradient (0.25–1.74 mg Ca L−1) under stressful vs. abundant food conditions. We found a striking positive synergistic effect of Ca and temperature on D. pulex reproduction at high food conditions. Although the increase in temperature to 21 °C greatly reduced survival, high energy allocation to reproduction at high food levels allowed the population to succeed in poor Ca (<0.25 mg Ca L−1). Results suggest that climate warming and higher food availability will make the populations of many cold and Ca-limited lakes more tolerant to low Ca levels with higher growth population rates, thereby altering zooplanktonic community structures and inducing potential cascading effects on the food web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yellow pitahaya (Selenicereus megalanthus) has become an alternative for agricultural production in several municipalities of the province of Lengupá, in the department of Boyacá, Colombia, with an expanding and consolidating international market due to its status as an exotic fruit. This paper presents the results of a mixed methods research conducted with producers affiliated with the PITAFCOL organization in the municipality of Miraflores. The characteristics of the fruit and its market were described, and the socioeconomic conditions of the members of the association, as well as their attitudes of trust, reciprocity, and solidarity under the perspective of social capital (bonding type) were characterized. The conclusions point to the need to strengthen the trust within the organization for its consolidation, improve the organizational practices and seek new allies for processing the fruit to generate added value to the product, as well as alternative economic activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En la subcuenca de Magdalena en el estado de Jalisco, los pueblos asentados en las inmediaciones del lago aprovecharon los recursos disponibles para la producción artesanal de bienes útiles y suntuarios. La presencia del Volcán de Tequila, el Lago de Magdalena y el sistema Lerma-Chapala-Santiago, facilitaron el acceso a recursos y la movilidad de productos para su distribución. En el centro del cuerpo acuífero fósil se eleva Atitlán, isla que resguarda evidencia de actividades de producción que se relacionaron con el aprovechamiento de recursos minerales y acuáticos por lo menos a partir del año 450 dC y hasta el 1500 dC. Dentro de las evidencias estudiadas sistemáticamente a nivel de superficie, es de nuestro interés una acumulación de objetos de obsidiana que se extiende en un área de 56.400 m2. El análisis espacial de distribución, junto con los de morfología, desgaste y microscopía aplicada a la identificación de huellas de uso, nos permiten explicar que se trató de un espacio de producción especializado de instrumentos de obsidiana mediante la técnica de talla, los cuales fueron empleados para el aprovechamiento de recursos perecederos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the article is to epistemologically analyze aspects related to training in critical historiographical competence in the History of Cuba discipline in careers of the Social Sciences profile. Based on the above, we proceeded to analyze various documentary sources and their subsequent systematization. As a result, the formation of critical historiographical competence in the History of Cuba discipline is analyzed and systematized from the epistemic point of view. It is concluded that by making an approximation to the epistemic foundations considering some aspects related to the formation of critical historiographical competence in the History of Cuba discipline in careers of the Social Sciences profile, it was possible to carry out a systematization that responds to the needs of the approach. in competences from the PEA without dismissing the contributions of historical research, which can favor further research and studies related to the topic addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achieving qualitative transformations in the teaching-learning process as a consequence of a wide and widespread use of information and communication technologies has been one of the premises in the current curricular transformation carried out in Higher Education. These changes must be expressed fundamentally in the renewal of pedagogical conceptions and practices that imply reformulating the role of the teacher and developing teaching-learning models different from the traditional ones. The objective of this work is to propose the PartSim simulator as a means of integrating ICT in the organizational forms of the teaching-learning process of the electrical engineering career at the Technological University of Havana, taking as a case study the Electrical Circuits subjects. Recognizing as the main result its didactic utility to enhance self-learning, as well as the teacher's work as a counselor and guide through interactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work proposes a didactic tool to improve the teaching-learning process of Electric Circuits subjects, applying the problem-based learning method through laboratory practices, implemented in the free software Scilab. The foregoing is a consequence of the policy for the improvement of the continuous training process of Cuban professionals proposed by the Ministry of Higher Education. This is applied in the "E" study plan in the electrical engineering career at the Technological University of Havana, in which the essentiality of the contents constitutes a fundamental aspect to reduce training time and achieve higher levels of independence, motivation and role of the student; promoting autonomous, active, meaningful and collaborative learning. The results conclude that by carrying out the laboratory practices with the proposed methodology, it improves the learning results of the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new curricular transformation developed in the Electrical Engineering career, responds to the demands at the international and national level for the graduates of this career. For this reason, the main objective is under what conception and with what procedures to make the fundamental changes to achieve a communicative, independent and creative educational teaching process, in correspondence with the guidelines of the Ministry of Higher Education. This is how this work arises, where the experiences accumulated for more than 50 years in the direction of the teaching-learning process of the subjects of Electrical Circuits in the Electrical Engineering career of the Technological University of Havana are presented. The results of the study made it possible to determine the analytical program of the circuit subjects with the use of information and communication technologies as a didactic resource, achieving greater independence in the development of theoretical and practical skills of the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Describe the profile of patients with obesity in internal medicine to determine the role of adiposity and related inflammation on the metabolic risk profile and, identify various "high-risk obesity" phenotypes by means of a cluster analysis. This study aimed to identify different profiles of patients with high-risk obesity based on a cluster analysis. Methods: Cross-sectional, multicenter project that included outpatients attended to in internal medicine. A total of 536 patients were studied. The mean age was 62 years, 51% were women. Patients were recruited from internal medicine departments over two weeks in November and December 2021 and classified into four risk groups according to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). High-risk obesity was defined as BMI > 35 Kg/m2 or BMI 30–34.9 Kg/m2 and a high WC (>102 cm for men and >88 cm for women). Hierarchical and partitioning clustering approaches were performed to identify profiles. Results: A total of 462 (86%) subjects were classified into the high-risk obesity group. After excluding 19 patients missing critical data, two profiles emerged: cluster 1 (n = 396) and cluster 2 (n = 47). Compared to cluster 1, cluster 2 had a worse profile, characterized by older age (77 ± 16 vs. 61 ± 21 years, p < 0.01), a Charlson Comorbidity Index > 3 (53% vs. 5%, p < 0.001), depression (36% vs. 19%, p = 0.008), severe disability (64% vs. 3%, p < 0.001), and a sarcopenia score ≥ 4 (79% vs. 16%, p < 0.01). In addition, cluster 2 had greater inflammation than cluster 1 (hsCRP: 5.8 ± 4.1 vs. 2.1 ± 4.5 mg/dL, p = 0.008). Conclusions: Two profiles of subjects with high-risk obesity were identified. Based on that, older subjects with obesity require measures that target sarcopenia, disability, psychological health, and significant comorbidities to prevent further health deterioration. Longitudinal studies should be performed to identify potential risk factors of subjects who progress from cluster 1 to cluster 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arrows show the time of the NKG2D-CAR-TCD45RA- infusion; (E) Representative gating strategy to determine subpopulation of interest for NKG2D-CAR-TCD45RA- cell persistence and blast presence analysis in leukemia patients. Given that most of the CD45RA SP - sp T cell population are CD4 SP + sp T cells with an effector memory phenotype that could affect expansion, the highest doses and repeated multiple infusions are probably required but also considered other effector cells as natural killer cells or stem cell memory T cells. NKG2D-CAR-TCD45RA- cell persistence and blast load by FCM; (F) Tracking of NKG2D-CAR-TCD45RA- cells (squares) and blast (circles) by FCM and qPCR ("x"). [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we approach the phenomenon of criminal activity from an infectious perspective by using tailored compartmental agent-based models that include the social flavor of the mechanisms governing the evolution of crime in society. Specifically, we focus on addressing how the existence of competing gangs shapes the penetration of crime. The mean-field analysis of the model proves that the introduction of dynamical rules favoring the simultaneous survival of both gangs reduces the overall number of criminals across the population as a result of the competition between them. The implementation of the model in networked populations with homogeneous contact patterns reveals that the evolution of crime substantially differs from that predicted by the mean-field equations. We prove that the system evolves toward a segregated configuration where, depending on the features of the underlying network, both gangs can form spatially separated clusters. In this scenario, we show that the beneficial effect of the coexistence of two gangs is hindered, resulting in a higher penetration of crime in the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HER-1 and HER-2 are tumor-associated antigens overexpressed in several epithelial tumors, and successfully targeted by therapeutic approaches against cancer. Vaccination with their recombinant extracellular domains has had encouraging results in the pre-clinical setting. As complex humoral responses targeting multiple epitopes within each antigen are the ultimate goal of such active immunotherapy strategies, molecular dissection of the mixture of antibody specificities is required. The current work exploits phage display of antigenic versions of HER-1 and HER-2 domains to accomplish domain-level epitope mapping. Recognition of domains I, III and IV of both antigens by antibodies of immunized mice was shown, indicating diverse responses covering a broad range of antigenic regions. The combination of phage display and site-directed mutagenesis allowed mutational screening of antigen surface, showing polyclonal antibodies' recognition of mutated receptor escape variants known to arise in patients under the selective pressure of the anti-HER-1 antibody cetuximab. Phage-displayed HER domains have thus the potential to contribute to fine specificity characterization of humoral responses during future development of anti-cancer vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a pricing alternative based on the scheme of Time of Use Pricing (TOUP) is proposed for customers connected to the Cooperativa Eléctrica San Pedro de Atacama (CESPA) microgrid, located in the far north of Chile. With this proposal, the promotion of Demand-Side Management, DSM, aims at optimizing both the use of electric energy and the available infrastructure. The pricing proposal replaces the current tariff scheme based on sections of energy consumption and does not give an incentive for customers to efficiently manage their energy consumption. The proposal considers the creation of time bands and their corresponding tariff formulas, to obtain economic benefits both for customers and the electric company. Study cases consider the operation of a photovoltaic plant of 2 MWp in the electric system of CESPA, which is currently underway. The obtained results report benefits for all parts of the electric market. For customers, favorable pricing up to a 19.1% monthly reduction in electric bills is shown, whereas the company presents an increment in their average monthly income of about 7.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wit is one of the most important notions in European culture during the Renaissance and the Baroque. This article shows, with examples from Caramuel, Góngora and Cervantes, that there are three traditions of this notion in the European culture of the 16th and 17th centuries: wit as mental subtlety, related to Theology and Philosophy; wit as verbal acuity, related to Rhetoric and Poetry; and wit as a bodily temperament, related to physics, medicine, politics, and satire. Although the bibliography is extremely extensive, these three traditions can be emblematized with the following treatises: Examen de ingenios para las ciencias (1575) by Juan Huarte de San Juan; Agudeza y arte de ingenio (1648) by Baltasar Gracián; and Il cannocchiale aristotelico (1663) by Emanuele Tesauro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Forensic entomology applies the knowledge of arthropods to obtain useful information for the resolution of forensic investigations. In legal medicine, one of the methods used for the dating of death is the faunal succession, which is based on the orderly and predictable changes of the species associated with a corpse over time. The potential of insects for this purpose has been known for more than seven centuries, but mites are only currently being incorporated. Mites can provide useful information on the time and place of death because: they are a very diverse group, ubiquitous, abundant, and frequent; they contribute to the faunal succession; they are indicators of location and transfer of the corpse; they can be present in unfavorable conditions or environments for insects; they complement the information obtained from insects; and they are tracking evidence. Due to the absence of knowledge regarding the sarcosaprophagous fauna in the Mediterranean region, it is necessary to highlight the diversity of insects, together with their phoretic mites, present in decomposing animal organic matter, and their interaction network in this region, in order that the results obtained can be applied in future forensic investigations and contribute to the estimation of the time and place of death. The potential of insects for forensic investigations has been known for more than 700 years. However, arthropods such as mites could also play a role in these investigations. The information obtained from insects, together with their phoretic mites, is of special interest in terms of estimating the time and geographical location of death. This paper presents the first interaction network between phoretic mites and their host insects in Navarra. It also reports the first time that an interaction network was applied to animal remains of forensic relevance. The data reveal the degrees of specificity of the interactions established, the biological and ecological characteristics of the mites at the time of association, and factors that played important roles in the mites' dispersion. Fauna was collected using 657 traps baited with 20 g of pig carrion over a year. Only 0.6% of insects collected carried phoretic mites. The network comprised 312 insects (275 beetles, 37 flies) and 1533 mites and was analyzed using various packages of the R programming language. We contribute new host insect records for 15 mites, 3 new records of insects as hosts, 5 new mite records for the Iberian Peninsula, and 2 new mites records and 8 new insect records for Navarra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae) was originally domesticated in Mexico, where wild (C. annuum var. glabriusculum) and cultivated (C. annuum var. annuum) chile pepper populations (>60 landraces) are common, and wild‐resembling individuals (hereafter semiwild) grow spontaneously in anthropogenic environments. Here we analyze the role of elevation and domestication gradients in shaping the genetic diversity in C. annuum from the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. Methods: We collected samples of 341 individuals from 28 populations, corresponding to wild, semiwild (C. annuum var. glabriusculum) and cultivated C. annuum, and closely related species Capsicum frutescens and C. chinense. From the genetic variation of 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, we assessed the population genetic structure, inbreeding, and gene flow through variance distribution analyses, genetic clustering, and connectivity estimations. Results: Genetic diversity (HE) did not differ across domestication levels. However, inbreeding coefficients were higher in semiwild and cultivated chiles than in wild populations. We found evidence for gene flow between wild populations and cultivated landraces along the coast. Genetic structure analysis revealed strong differentiation between most highland and lowland landraces. Conclusions: Gene flow between wild and domesticated populations may be mediated by backyards and smallholder farms, while mating systems may facilitate gene flow between landraces and semiwild populations. Domestication and elevation may overlap in their influence on genetic differentiation. Lowland Gui'ña dani clustered with highland landraces perhaps due to the social history of the Zapotec peoples. In situ conservation may play an important role in preserving semiwild populations and private alleles found in landraces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been associated with treatment failure, and the development of drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB). Also, whole-genome sequencing has provided a better understanding and allowed the growth of knowledge about polymorphisms in genes associated with drug resistance. Considering the above, this study analyzes genome sequences to evaluate the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the development of mutations related to tuberculosis drug resistance. M. tuberculosis isolates from individuals with (n = 74), and without (n = 74) type 2 diabetes mellitus was recovered from online repositories, and further analyzed. Results: The results showed the presence of 431 SNPs with similar proportions between diabetics, and non-diabetics individuals (48% vs. 52%), but with no significant relationship. A greater number of mutations associated with rifampicin resistance was observed in the T2DM-TB individuals (23.2% vs. 16%), and the exclusive presence of rpoBQ432L, rpoBQ432P, rpoBS441L, and rpoBH445L variants. While these variants are not private to T2DM-TB cases they are globally rare highlighting a potential role of T2DM. The phylogenetic analysis showed 12 sublineages, being 4.1.1.3, and 4.1.2.1 the most prevalent in T2DM-TB individuals but not differing from those most prevalent in their geographic location. Four clonal complexes were found, however, no significant relationship with T2DM was observed. Samples size and potential sampling biases prevented us to look for significant associations. Conclusions: The occurrence of globally rare rifampicin variants identified only in isolates from individuals with T2DM could be due to the hyperglycemic environment within the host. Therefore, further studies about the dynamics of SNPs' generation associated with antibiotic resistance in patients with diabetes mellitus are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to propose the free educational application on operational amplifier (OpEdu), in its version 0.5, based on the free software Scilab, which allow the analysis, experimentation, demonstration and design of the functions of operational amplifiers. Among the results obtained are the development of seven design modules such as the inverting amplifier, non-inverting amplifier, differential amplifier, summing amplifier and voltage-current converter. The application is aimed at teaching engineering, specifically operational amplifiers, among its practical uses are that students are able to independently carry out their own experiments and designs in a safe environment and contribute to the national development of free computer applications. This type of software is generally licensed privately, with a high acquisition cost, so that its peers, in free license, allows a greater reach among students and specialists for purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]