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Comparisons are crucial in shaping evaluations of one's own position. Following this notion, we investigated the role of historical, financial, partner, occupational, and regional pay referents in predicting the just gross hourly earnings in a representative sample of German workers. Looking at this broad range of pay referents, we find that higher reference earnings were generally associated with higher just earnings. In particular, controlling for actual gross hourly earnings, higher occupational, regional, and partners' hourly earnings were associated with higher just gross hourly earnings. One's own pay history, in form of average hourly earnings over the past 10 years, did not shape just earnings. Financial needs on the household level, however, mapped on to higher just earnings and this association was particularly pronounced among men. Overall, occupational and financial referents showed the strongest association with just earnings followed by partner earnings. These findings underscore that, while referents closely related to one's job (e.g. occupational referents) are important, referents that extend beyond the sphere of work (e.g. regional, financial, and partner referents) are also relevant in shaping ideas of the just reward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this research study was to determine the level of relationship between meritocracy and job performance of workers in a UGEL in Nuevo Chimbote, 2023. The research had a quantitative approach, descriptive and correlational design. There was a non-probabilistic sample of 81 employees. In addition, data collection was carried out through the application of two questionnaires developed by the author. The meritocracy questionnaire with three dimensions was elaborated with 22 items and the job performance questionnaire with five dimensions had 25 items. In conclusion, the direct and significant relationship between the variables, meritocracy and job performance, was proved by Spearman's Rho statistic = 0.473 with a p-value = 0.000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past research has suggested that individuals in dirty work occupations can manage their self-views so as to derive positive self-definitions that allow them to perform their tasks with less of the burden of stigma. Results from our three studies show that this may not necessarily be the case when they try to manage how occupational outsiders view them. Findings from our studies show that in terms of this external perspective, rather than thwarting the occupational stigma, active stigma management by the stigma bearer can unintentionally reinforce the stigma. Drawing on the expectancy-confirmation framework from the stereotyping literature, we explain the cognitive mechanism that underlies this inadvertent stigma reinforcement in the stigma perceiver, and investigate the job performance implications for the stigma bearer. We test our hypotheses across two field studies and one experimental study, involving cross-industry and cross-sectional data, as well as one longitudinal data set including 128,549 employee–customer transactions. Our results contribute to research on dirty work by revealing that stigma management can be a double-edged sword with unintended negative consequences for the stigmatized worker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims to examine the institutional and political processes in Honduran society from the 1950s to the 1980s, that are related to the beginning of the professionalization of the historian's profession and the organization of the History Department at the National Autonomous University of Honduras (unah) in 1976. It details some institutional aspects of the University and relates them to a broader social context. The aim is to provide a social view of an institutional phenomenon such as the organization of the History Department. We consulted journalistic sources, internal documents of the University (memories, projects, minutes) and recorded some testimonies of actors who participated in the organization and first years of operation. In the end, it is notable that the professors and officials who gave rise to the career had a clear intention to make history a contribution of critical knowledge that would question the official discourses on the nation, something considered vital for the creation of a popular national conscience. This knowledge, however, would also be based on academic ideas that predominated at that time on the structural study of social phenomena. The originality resided in the fact that this was joined to a particular idea of scientific work as collective labor, field work and social projection that transcended the university classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at jokes in a collection dating to about 1610 from the perspective of occupational sociology of the Chicago school. Sociological concepts such as technique, object of technique, and guilty knowledge suggest aspects of the lives of ordinary people who are harder to find in the historical record than the educated elite. The jokes illuminate some of the tensions in the careers of metalworkers, vendors, carpenters, actors, transport workers, barbers, couriers, pawnbrokers, and gatekeepers to suggest further avenues for historical research. Trust emerges as a complex issue. The professional relations suggest a more plebian, but not simple, outlook on the fundamental Confucian value of trustworthiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Statistics are an essential tool for governance in contemporary public administration. The advent of this discipline in Ecuador hinged on the role played by a field of experts that appeared and achieved legitimacy in the period running between 1927 and 2020. The present text asks about the role of internal and external factors as well as that of sociopolitical causes, in bringing about the development of statistics as a discipline in this country. The examination of historical archives and the completion of in-depth interviews discloses the fact that the advancement of the field of public statistics in Ecuador is the outcome of the joint impact of four centripetal external forces and three centrifugal local factors. The legacy of the Kemmerer mission, the influence of CEPAL, the growing automatization of Government and the international demand for adequate reporting, created powerful incentives for the growth of the profession. These trends were reinforced by local government styles, frequent institutional redesign and recurrent redefinitions of organizational mandates. Initially, academia played an inconsistent and fragmented role in the production of expert statisticians. However, the increasing strength of government regulation and planning helped the profession to achieve institutional and disciplinary stability. This text provides useful insights for efforts that attempt to show that statistics are not objective and isolated devices, but instead are the result of social relations that need to be approached from a historical perspective.

The stereotype content model (SCM) is a prominent model of social perception proposing two dimensions of evaluation: Warmth and competence. Occupational stereotypes have rarely been assessed in this model, especially in the German context, albeit their important impact on how individuals experience gainful occupation and navigate everyday social interactions. Responding to recent methodological critiques regarding the SCM's scale performance, we developed a context‐adapted, well‐performing German‐language SCM scale and assessed warmth and competence ratings of 13 occupational groups in a heterogeneous sample (N = 425). Using the alignment optimization procedure to allow for more reliable latent mean value comparisons, we found occupational stereotypes to differ substantially on both dimensions, with Firefighters presenting the most favorable and Politicians and Unemployed people showing the least favorable evaluations. We discuss our findings in terms of their content‐wise and methodological meaning as well as their implications for research and in occupational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women‐focused mentoring programs are often cited as an important tool to help address gender inequality at work. Despite their popularity, there remain questions about how useful they are at improving women's career trajectories or transforming gender demographics at the organizational or industry level. A frequent critique of current women‐focused mentoring efforts is that they reflect and uphold neoliberal feminism and have shifted from collective support to an individualized focus on competition and accruing human and social capital. These programs encourage women to internalize neoliberal subjectivities and prescribe individual change while shoring up ideas about meritocracy that are utterly divorced from gender. I discuss how feminist mentoring, which takes central tenets of feminism including focusing on collective action and organizational change, can serve as a countermeasure to neoliberal feminism and how this form of mentorship can help address gender inequality at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I examine the effects of occupational licensing on the quality of certified public accountants (CPAs). I exploit the staggered adoption of the 150‐hour rule, which increases the educational requirements for a CPA license. The analysis shows that the rule decreases the number of entrants into the profession, reducing both low‐ and high‐quality candidates. Labor market proxies for quality find no difference between 150‐hour rule CPAs and the rest. Moreover, rule CPAs exit public accounting at similar rates and have comparable writing quality to their nonrule counterparts. Overall, these findings are consistent with the theoretical argument that increases in licensing requirements restrict the supply of entrants and do little to improve quality in the labor market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Max Besbris's fascinating book makes three important contributions to sociological scholarship on markets and market exchange. As Besbris asserts, "Real estate agents play an undeniable role in shaping home seekers' preferences and decision-making, even when it comes to the seemingly sticky issue of how much a buyer is going to spend" (p. 75). He portrays the different shades of meaning that are part of social interactions between real estate agents and clients and highlights the many daily work practices that assist these market intermediaries in driving up real estate prices. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Soziologische Revue is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Statistics are an essential tool for governance in contemporary public administration. The advent of this discipline in Ecuador hinged on the role played by a field of experts that appeared and achieved legitimacy in the period running between 1927 and 2020. The present text asks about the role of internal and external factors as well as that of sociopolitical causes, in bringing about the development of statistics as a discipline in this country. The examination of historical archives and the completion of in-depth interviews discloses the fact that the advancement of the field of public statistics in Ecuador is the outcome of the joint impact of four centripetal external forces and three centrifugal local factors. The legacy of the Kemmerer mission, the influence of CE-PAL, the growing automatization of Government and the international demand for adequate reporting, created powerful incentives for the growth of the profession. These trends were reinforced by local government styles, frequent institutional redesign and recurrent redefinitions of organizational mandates. Initially, academia played an inconsistent and fragmented role in the production of expert statisticians. However, the increasing strength of government regulation and planning helped the profession to achieve institutional and disciplinary stability. This text provides useful insights for efforts that attempt to show that statistics are not objective and isolated devices, but instead are the result of social relations that need to be approached from a historical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of ongoing project of developing and applying historical materialist theory to the complex social formation that is China, over five millennia and currently, rather than simply rehearsing preconceived political conclusions.

Copyright of Prohistoria is the property of Prohistoria Ediciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The forms of human resource development (HRD) have mostly been defined through categorizing similarities among the roles, goals, methods, and theoretical foundations of empirically observed HRD practices. However, this kind of empirical generalization fails to explain how these forms have emerged and how new forms of carrying out HRD develop. This article focuses on these questions. Its purpose is to show how the emergence of new forms of carrying out HRD can be explained on the basis of an activity-theoretical, evolutionary approach. This approach views changes in HRD as processes of 'retooling' that take place as an interplay between the emerging developmental challenges in production and the available HRD theories and methods. The conceptual tools provided will thus also help researchers and practitioners assess the requirements and possibilities for developing new forms of realizing HRD that match the complex challenges posed by the current economy. A case analysis is used to demonstrate the approach and its superiority over the classification of the types of HRD practices for understanding the variation in the forms of carrying out HRD and their development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on ethnographic research in a homeless shelter, this article examines how caseworkers navigate an occupation that is often physically and morally trying, and at times, objectionable. Given this context, we examine the ways in which caseworkers identify and define "dirty work," often seen as a source of occupational degradation, according to two main typifications: the physical and the moral. Building on Erving Goffman's frame analysis, we examine the definitional and interactional strategies actors use to transform unpleasant first‐order realities to more valued, meaningful, or workable second order realities, by keying particular frames of meaning. These involve framing dirty work through (1) a professional lens, (2) humanism and egalitarianism, (3) a negotiated interpretation of institutional rules, and (4) the use of humor. We conclude by reflecting on the constructed nature of dirty work, and the importance of framing strategies in the sociology of occupations, suggesting that a more generic application of these ideas may be useful across a number of other social contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a mapping of quality of working life and measures its evolution between 1995 and 2005 with European Working Conditions Surveys. Using multilevel modelling, we assess the sensitivity of observed trends to “composition effects” and “country effects”. Results suggest a decreasing trend in the quality of working life: physical strain has increased, whereas work has become more intense and less complex. In Germany and Italy, all indicators have worsened, whereas other EU-15 countries have more mixed results. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents an introduction to a special section on Meaningful Work in Late Modernity, which explores the implications of late modern reflexivity for how work is experienced and conducted.

He Bian's 2020 book Know Your Remedies: Pharinacq and Culture in Earlu Modern China analyzes many dimensions ot the path to the development of the eighteenth-century "traditional Chinese pharmacy." This essay draws on the book and some of its primary sources to add yet another dimension. It deploys the sociology of occupations developed primarily by Everett C. Hughes and his students to further analyze the division of labor between physicians and pharmacists that Bian shows developing over the course of the Ming period (1368-1644). This essay explains concepts including technique and object of technique, practitioner and client, purpose and output, guilty knowledge, dirty work, license and mandate, and code and policy, and applies them to Bian's treatment of the occupations of physician, pharmacist, scholar-official, and merchant-and the interactions between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on pragmatic and occupational sociology, this paper examines how individuals in Sweden embark on occupations that are in nascent stage and for work tasks that are weakly defined. I accompanied a group of aspirants as they moved from a higher vocational education programme into the labour market, following their learning journeys towards emerging occupational roles. The present paper focuses on how they face reality tests related to their unclear occupational futures and the navigation of ethical grey zones when in the labour market. These tests occur in transition from education to work, and particularly for emerging occupations, due to the uncertain and fragile logics that surround new work tasks; in this case, offering digital data services. Through encountering these tests, aspirants are offered the opportunity to negotiate and develop moral competence, although they vary in their coping strategies. The findings of this analysis set out to contribute to the literature on how individuals are prepared for emerging occupations and propose the concept of 'weak-form occupations' as a means to characterise and examine education to work pathways that are less intuitive or predictable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on stratification and mobility has consistently shown that in the UK there is a direct impact of social origin on occupational destination net of educational attainment even for degree‐holders. However, only a few studies applied a longitudinal and dynamic perspective on how intergenerational mobility shapes graduates' working careers. Using multilevel growth curve modelling and data from the 1970 British cohort study (BCS70), we contribute to this research by looking at the emergence of social inequalities during the first ten years since labour market entry. We further distinguish between graduates of different fields of study as we expect social disparities to develop differently due to differences in initial occupational placement and upward mobility processes. We find that parental class does not affect occupational prestige over and above prior achievement. Separate analyses by the field of study show that initial differences in occupational prestige and career progression do not differ between graduates from different classes of origin in STEM fields, and arts and humanities. It is only in the social sciences that working‐class graduates start with lower occupational prestige but soon catch up with their peers from higher classes. Overall, our results indicate no direct effect of social origin on occupational attainment for degree‐holders once we broaden our focus to a dynamic life course perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main focus of the Italian literature on the profession of the sociologist is the transmission of sociological knowledge and the occupational outcomes of sociology graduates. In my paper, I try to examine additional aspects in depth that I believe to be crucial for the development of the profession: the absence of a sociological community of interests, the weak forms of association not supporting sociologists working in non-academic settings with regards to interprofessional conflicts and a public presence that conveys and transmits the usefulness of the profession and the discipline. Sociologists rarely use the skills acquired through formal education to strengthen their position in the labour market through collective actions. Their effort to control the market of particular services is too weak. In the paper, I argue for the need to construct a community of interest that intends to include practitioners and academic sociologists in their entirety, independently from institutional membership and to promote sufficient control on the dynamics of supply and demand of professional services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the effects of labels to the professional identity of art teachers under the concept of label theory. Other topics include the status of art as a core subject, how art teachers are viewed in the school community, how some teachers felt marginalized in their schools, as well as the opinion of art professor J. Stokes-Casey on the issue.

As the role of the CIO continues to evolve, the determinants of CIO success remain elusive. Numerous articles and books have been written offering solutions to this problem. Is it placement in the organization's reporting structure, a combination of technical and managerial skills, or something more unique? This article identifies the most important role-specific CIO career success factors based on an examination of the careers of fourteen highly successful CIOs selected by a committee of globally respected peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the athletic trainer's awareness of organizational culture. The author asserts that professional socialization is important for athletic trainers to achieve when learning the culture of an organization. Organizational culture is comprised of artifacts, espoused beliefs and basic assumptions. He believes that successful change can not occur until the trainer analyzes the corporate culture.

This article explores why engineering students are committed to counterproductive practices. Student informants' work practices appeared to coincide with lay stereotypes about what "good engineers" do, and they sought to justify those practices as rational. This externalization encouraged them to perform these practices more frequently. We characterize the relationship between the enactment of norms and the externalization of work practices as a dialectical process that helps explain why the students could not conceive of changing their practices. We draw implications for theory on occupational socialization and for the management of engineering work from our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dirty work refers to occupations that are viewed by society as physically, socially, or morally tainted. Using exploratory, semistructured interviews with managers from 18 dirty work occupations, we investigated the challenges of being a manager in tainted work and how managers normalize taint--that is, actively counter it or render it less salient. Managers reported experiencing role complexity and stigma awareness. Four types of practices for countering taint were revealed: occupational ideologies, social buffers, confronting clients and the public, and defensive tactics. We discuss links between these practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model integrating competing theories of social capital with research on career success was developed and tested in a sample of 448 employees with various occupations and organizations. Social capital was conceptualized in terms of network structure and social resources. Results of structural equation modeling showed that network structure was related to social resources and that the effects of social resources on career success were fully mediated by three network benefits: access to information, access to resources, and career sponsorship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jeremy Rifkin argues that as we push further into the Information Age fewer and fewer workers will be needed to produce our goods and services. Rifkin predicts that the era of near workerless factories and virtual corporations looms on the horizon. As one wag commentator put it: "The factory of the future will be staffed by only two living things, a man and a dog. The man's job will be to feed the dog. The dog's job will be to keep the man from touching any of the machines!" In a world that is phasing out mass employment, asks Rifkin, how do we find alternate ways for individuals to earn a living, find meaningful and creative outlets for expressions and establish their own sense of self-worth and identity? In other words, in the absence of work, how will we come to define ourselves? What will we do with ourselves? How will we stay sane? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The Chief Financial Officer (CFO), despite being a critical organization member responsible for ensuring quality of financial reporting, audit and compliance, is under-researched. Grouped as a member of top management teams (TMS) in studies, factors influencing decision making in this group rely on static measures of characteristics without regard for dynamic and longitudinal influences of career trajectories and industry occupational group memberships. The relationship between the high-tech industry as a site of notable reported internal control (IC) weakness and influences on CFOs requires closer examination. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach: The study draws together the upper echelons theory and occupational communities (OCs) to explore the impact of shared values and behavioral norms from different sources on executive decision making. Internal and external sources of OC are proposed and their influence on activities with respect to corporate IC is tested. The sample of 1,573 firm/year observations includes high-tech firms listed on major US exchanges was developed using data from five distinct databases. Executives' biographic information was manually collected. Findings: Results indicate that senior financial executives belong not only to their firm and its culture but also to OCs that extend beyond the firm. Membership in professional credential granting occupational groups has less impact on effective IC than experience in the high-tech industry. In combination, multiple OCs show evidence of compound and counteracting effects on IC. The OC that arises in the high-tech industry makes a measurable positive difference in the quality of IC in sample firms, in contrast with the OC among credentialed accounting and financial professionals. Research limitations/implications: This quantitative study of OC reveals the differential impact of different sources of OC and contributes to the literature on TMS a new framework for examining decision making. OC is typically studied through qualitative methods and, thus, potential exists to further explore the specific nature and dynamics of the OCs identified in this study. Practical implications: The study highlights the role of broad affiliations and networks among senior financial executives which may have bearing on their ability to effectively manage IC. The role of these networks may also partially explain instances of CFO failure and thus dismissal. Knowledge of the role of OC may help boards of directors in the selection and promotion of senior financial officers of the firm. Originality/value: The paper offers a different perspective on professional accounting expertise in one specific industry where incidence of IC weakness is high relative to other industries. Study results expand recent research on TMS to include sociological impacts of cohort groups. Despite generally weaker IC in the high-tech sector, this study demonstrates the value of exploring group membership within the industry as an important predictor of behavior. The result is a new perspective to CFO decision making which illustrates the relevance of OCs among upper echelons. The implications of findings for CFO recruitment and promotion are borne out in recent instances of senior financial executive failure in the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the question of how creativity is displayed among florists working in Switzerland, and how exactly gender plays out in this process. It investigates how the florists refer to creativity as a natural skill, according to which criteria these "creative identities" are allocated, and how gender intersects with this allocation process. Drawing on thirty-six months of ethnographic research in various occupational settings, I will examine the gendering of creativity and its unequal allocation among workers in a highly feminized occupation. This article brings to light that although the scope for creativity is first presented as equally distributed among women and men, it becomes gendered upon a closer look: male florists tend to be perceived as truly creative. The resulting inequality is important to understand in order to unveil certain underlying mechanisms at play: even in a highly feminized occupation, masculinity appears to be strongly associated with professional competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Mixed-matrix membranes blended with nanosized inorganic fillers have been widely used in ultrafiltration (UF) for large molecule separation. In this work, we provide a feasible route to construct mixed-matrix polysulfone (PSf) UF membranes via the nonsolvent-induced phase inversion process, utilizing sheet-like copper iodide superstructures (s-CuI) as fillers. The size of s-CuI in lateral dimension reaches micrometer scale, but the nanosheets can be well embedded in the polymer matrix with their 2D basal planes parallel to the membrane surface. On account of the stacking straight-through channel structure of s-CuI and its large dimension spanning across multiple membrane pores within the layer, the PSf membrane blended with 0.8 wt% content of s-CuI displays optimal UF performance with a pure water permeation (PWP) of 1473 L/(m2 h bar) and a bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection of 92%. In contrast, the pure PSf membrane only presents a PWP of 556 L/(m2 h bar) and a BSA rejection of 58.2%. Besides, the enhancement of mechanical stability for the PSf/s-CuI 0.8% membrane is significant and the leakage of the s-CuI filler is negligible. Though the antifouling performance of the PSf/s-CuI 0.8% membrane against the protein BSA is limited, its flux is always 2–3 times higher than that of the pure PSf membrane in each step during a sequential test of fouling behavior. This study indicates that it is highly promising to employ designable superstructures as functional fillers to construct novel mixed-matrix membranes with good interfacial compatibility and superior performance. Graphical abstract fx1 Highlights • 2D CuI superstructures (s-CuI) with stacking straight-through channels were prepared. • Filling s-CuI into PSf UF membranes led to good interfacial compatibility. • Mixed-matrix membrane with 0.8 wt% s-CuI presented optimal performance. • Pure water flux and rejection of PSf membrane were highly improved. • Modified membrane also afforded remarkably enhanced mechanical stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this work, sodium silicate (SS) is used as silica precursor for the sol-gel reaction to prepare mesoporous chitosan-silica composite by a facile one-pot method. By using sodium silicate to replace the silane coupling agents that have been used for the modification of mesoporous materials in the traditional methods, we can not only simplify the preparation process, but also overcome the significant cost problem. The prepared chitosan-silica composite with mesoporous structure and narrow pore size distribution, namely SS5/5.5–15-CTS2@95, exhibits highly efficient adsorption capacity (up to 206.31 mg g−1) for Re(VII) ions under pH 3.0. Significantly, our study on the adsorption-elution-regeneration recyclability indicates that this mesoporous chitosan-silica composite material possesses good stability and reusability for adsorption-related fields including the recovery of rhenium. Graphical abstract A facile one-pot green method using sodium silicate as a cheap silica precursor has been developed for the synthesis of mesoporous chitosan-silica composite materials with superb functional decorations, which exhibit highly efficient adsorption capacity toward Re(VII) ions in accompany with excellent adsorption-elution-regeneration recyclability. Image 1 Highlights • A novel mesoporous chitosan-silica composite was prepared simply by one-step crosslinking. • It was prepared without the use of expensive silane coupling agents or organic amine reagents. • The composite has high adsorption capacity for Re(VII). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this experimental work, we propose for the first time a simple, effectual and green approach to produce pure Dy 2 Ce 2 O 7 nanostructures employing a novel fuel, Phoenix dactylifera extract. The role of the utilized amount of Phoenix dactylifera extract on the morphological characteristics, electrochemical hydrogen storage and also Coulombic efficiency of Dy 2 Ce 2 O 7 was examined, for the first time. The characteristics and performance of Dy 2 Ce 2 O 7 was found to be influenced through alteration in the utilized amount of Phoenix dactylifera extract. Multiple investigations have been done to analyze and confirm the formation as well as characterization of Dy 2 Ce 2 O 7 nanostructures. Further, we investigated the performance of different Dy 2 Ce 2 O 7 structures (produced employing with varied dosages of Phoenix dactylifera extract) in electrochemical hydrogen storage through chronopotentiometry route in basic medium. The findings point out that very uniform Dy 2 Ce 2 O 7 nanoparticles formed employing 3 ml of Phoenix dactylifera extract can display superior performance to store hydrogen. This sample illustrates the great discharge capacity (2715 mAh/g) also high Coulombic efficiency (63.24%). Also, application of novel and green fuel (Phoenix dactylifera extract) can lead to preparation of Dy 2 Ce 2 O 7 , which can be efficiently utilized to store hydrogen (clean energy carrier) as a potential material, and resulting into decrement in the environmental pollution. Graphical abstract Image 1043 Highlights • A simple and effectual approach was used to produce Dy2Ce2O7 nanostructures. • Phoenix dactylifera extract was applied as new and green fuel. • Different Dy2Ce2O7 structures were produced with varied dosages of Phoenix dactylifera extract. • Hydrogen storage performances of different Dy2Ce2O7 structures were compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increased knowledge of the temporal patterns in the distribution of trauma admissions could be beneficial to staffing and resource allocation efforts. However, little work has been done to understand how this distribution varies based on patient acuity, trauma mechanism or need for intervention. We hypothesize that temporal patterns exist in the distribution of trauma admissions, and that deep patterns exist when traumas are analyzed by their type and severity. Study design: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of adult patient flow at a level one trauma center over three years, 7/1/2013–6/30/2016. Primary thermal injuries were excluded. Frequency analysis was performed for patients grouped by ED disposition and mechanism against timing of admission; in subgroup analysis additional exclusion criteria were imposed. Results: 10,684 trauma contacts were analyzed. Trauma contacts were more frequent on Saturdays and Sundays than on weekdays (p<0.001). Peak arrival time was centered around evening shift change (6-7pm), but differed based on ED disposition: OR and ICU or Step-Down admissions (p = 0.0007), OR and floor admissions (p<0.0001), and ICU or Step-Down and floor admissions (p<0.0001). Step-Down and ICU arrival times (p = 0.42) were not different. Penetrating injuries peaked later than blunt (p<0.0001). Trauma varies throughout the year; we establish a high incidence trauma season (April to late October). Different mechanisms have varying dependence upon season; Motorcycle crashes (MCCs) have the greatest dependence. Conclusion: We identify new patterns in the temporal and seasonal variation of trauma and of specific mechanisms of injury, including the novel findings that 1) penetrating trauma tends to present at later times than blunt, and 2) critically ill patients requiring an OR tend to present later than those who are less acute and require an ICU or Step-Down unit. These patients present later than those who are admitted to the floor. Penetrating trauma patients arriving later than blunt may be the underlying reason why operative patients arrive later than other patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe why and how to build a local community of practice in scientific programming for life scientists who use computers and programming in their research. A community of practice is a small group of scientists who meet regularly to help each other and promote good practices in scientific programming. While most life scientists are well trained in the laboratory to conduct experiments, good practices with (big) data sets and their analysis are often missing. We propose a model on how to build such a community of practice at a local academic institution, present two real-life examples, and introduce challenges and implemented solutions. We believe that the current data deluge that life scientists face can benefit from the implementation of these small communities. Good practices spread among experimental scientists will foster open, transparent, and sound scientific results beneficial to society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This work extends our previous work [4,22] with the iteration operator. This new operator allows for representing more general networks and thus enhancing the former propositional logic for Petri nets. We provide an axiomatization and a new semantics, prove soundness and completeness with respect to its semantics and the EXPTIME-Hardness of its satisfiability problem, present a linear model checking algorithm and show that its satisfiability problem is in 2EXPTIME. In order to illustrate its usage, we also provide some examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the determinants of actual job sector decisions of highly skilled professionals across four different sectors in a developing country, with a particular interest in the relationship with public service motivation (PSM). Unlike most previous cross-sectional studies, it uses a pooled time series of individual antecedents and job characteristics, both before and after the individuals leave the job market to pursue graduate education abroad. The results indicate that there are key differences in terms of the determinants of job sector choices across the four sectors, and that PSM appears to have a differential role on the attraction of individuals to each of those sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mail survey reports on ethical problems faced by 330 advertising agency executives. The most frequently cited difficult ethical problem is "treating clients fairly." Creating honest advertisements and representing clients whose products or services are unhealthy or not needed were also frequently mentioned. Many agency executives reported that such ethical problems affect both their performance and their relationships with co-workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several national magazines contain "back-of-the-book" advertisements which make claims that are highly questionable. This paper reports the results of a two-phase study of deceptive magazine advertising. The preliminary part of the study focuses on the perspectives of editors of magazines carrying back-page advertisements that appear to be misleading. A second phase of the study concerns the activities undertaken by industry and government groups to minimize deceptive advertising in magazines. Based on study findings, recommendations are made for eliminating deceptive magazine advertising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationships between the sales managers social power bases and the salesperson's satisfaction with supervision, role clarity, and propensity to leave the organization are empirically analyzed. In addition, the influence of the salesperson's sex, age, and time on the job upon the sales manager-salesperson power relationship is explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores work-family relations from the perspective of the emotion management performed by participants in both spheres. We extend previous discussions of emotion management by considering how work and family roles vary in the types and degrees of emotion management they require. We then explore the implications of this conception of work-family role variations in type and degree of emotion management for women's and men's work-family relations, paying particular attention to gender differences in work-family conflict and work-family role overload. The framework developed here highlights the need to examine variability in the emotion-management requirements of social roles, and it calls for attention to workers' multiple role involvements in studies of emotion management and their effects on individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using data collected from multiple respondents in all the business units of a large multinational electronics company, we examined the relationships both among the, structural, relational, and cognitive dimensions of social capital and between those dimensions and the patterns of resource exchange and product innovation within the company. Social interaction, a manifestation of the structural dimension of social capital, and trust, a manifestation of its relational dimension, were significantly related to the extent of interunit resource exchange, which in turn had a significant effect on product innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of hypotheses based on emerging theory on high-involvement systems describes expected relationships between social structural characteristics at the level of the work unit (perceptions of role ambiguity, span of control, sociopolitical support, access to information and resources, and work unit climate) and feelings of empowerment. The hypotheses are examined with data on a sample of middle managers from diverse units of a Fortune 50 organization. A work unit with little role ambiguity, strong sociopolitical support, access to information, and a participative unit climate is found to be associated with managerial perceptions of empowerment, as is working for a boss who has a wide span of control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a test of Lee and Mitchell's model of voluntary employee departure from an organization. Data gathered from interviews with nurses who had recently quit their jobs and a mailed survey were analyzed qualitatively via pattern matching and quantitatively through correlations, analysis of medians, log linear modeling, and contingency tables. Although the data generally supported the theory, several nonconfirming cases revealed ambiguities in the model and therefore opportunities for improvement. In general, the data indicated that people use different and distinct psychological processes when leaving an organization and that some of these processes may not be consistent with existing turnover theories. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how decision-making procedures can facilitate the positive attitudes necessary for cooperative relations in decision-making teams. We hypothesized that consideration of member input and members' influence on a decision affect their perceptions of procedural fairness and consequently, their commitment to the decision, attachment to the group, and trust in its leader. An experiment involving intact management teams supported these hypothesis and indicated that perceived fairness partially mediated the impact of procedures on commitment, attachment, and trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addressed the nature and functioning of relationships of interpersonal trust among managers and professionals in organizations, the factors influencing trust's development, and the implications of trust for behavior and performance. Theoretical foundations were drawn from the sociological literature on trust and the social-psychological literature and trust in close relationships. An initial test of the proposed theoretical framework was conducted in a field setting with 194 managers and professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]