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The nutritional quality improvement is among the most integral objective for any rice molecular breeding programs. The seed storage proteins (SSPs) have greater role to determine the nutritional quality of any cereal grains. Rice contains relatively balanced amino acid composition and the SSPs are fractioned into albumins (ALB), globulins (GLO), prolamins (PRO) and glutelins (GLU) according to differences in solubility. GLUs are further divided into subfamilies: GluA, GluB, GluC, and GluD depending on resemblance in amino acid. The GLU protein accounts for 60–80% of total protein contents, encoded by 15 genes located on different chromosomes of rice genome. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system was employed to knockout Glu-B (LOC-Os02g15070) gene in non-basmati rice PK386 cultivar. The mutant displayed two base pair and three base pair mutation in the targeted regions. The homozygous mutant plant displayed reduction for both in total protein contents and GLU contents whereas, elevation in GLO, ALB and PRO. Moreover, the mutant plant also displayed reduction in physio-chemical properties e.g., total starch, amylose and gel consistency. The agronomic characteristics of both mutant and wild type displayed non-significant differences along with increase in higher percentage of chalkiness in mutant plants. The results obtained from scanning electron microscopy showed the loosely packed starch granules compared to wild type. The gene expression analysis displayed the lower expression of gene at 5 days after flowering (DAF), 10 DAF, 15 DAF and 20 DAF compared to wild type. GUS sub-cellular localization showed the staining in seed which further validated the results obtained from gene expression. Based on these findings it can be concluded Glu-B gene have significant role in controlling GLU contents and can be utilized in breeding programs to enhance the nutritional quality of rice, and may serve as healthy diet for patient allergic with high GLU contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indoor farming systems enable plant production in precisely controlled environments. However, implementing stable growth conditions and the absence of stress stimulants can weaken plants' defense responses and limit the accumulation of bioactive, health-beneficial phytochemicals. A potential solution is the controlled application of stressors, such as supplemental ultraviolet (UV) light. To this end, we analyzed the efficiency of short-term pre-harvest supplementation of the red–green–blue (RGB, LED) spectrum with ultraviolet B (UV-B) or C (UV-C) light to boost phytochemical synthesis. Additionally, given the biological harm of UV radiation due to high-energy photons, we monitored plants' photosynthetic activity during treatment and their morphology as well as sensory attributes after the treatment. Our analyses showed that UV-B radiation did not negatively impact photosynthetic activity while significantly increasing the overall antioxidant potential of lettuce through enhanced levels of secondary metabolites (total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins), carotenoids, and ascorbic acid. On the contrary, UV-C radiation-induced anthocyanin accumulation in the green leaf cultivar significantly harmed the photosynthetic apparatus and limited plant growth. Taken together, we showed that short-term UV-B light supplementation is an efficient method for lettuce biofortification with healthy phytochemicals, while UV-C treatment is not recommended due to the negative impact on the quality (morphology, sensory properties) of the obtained leafy products. These results are crucial for understanding the potential of UV light supplementation for producing functional plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Gannong No. 2' triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) is a cold‐resistant annual forage crop variety, which can be planted as artificial pasture to solve the problem of forage shortage in the Gannan alpine grazing area of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. However, the optimal nitrogen fertilization rate and seeding density for obtaining high yield and quality forage are still unknown. In this study, the effects of nitrogen fertilization rate and seeding density on the forage yield and quality of autumn‐sown 'Gannong No. 2' triticale were studied. We used a split‐plot design, with five nitrogen fertilization rates assigned to the main plots, namely 0 (A1), 120 (A2), 240 (A3), 360 (A4), and 480 kg N ha−1 (A5), and five seeding densities assigned to subplots: 506 × 104 (B1), 675 × 104 (B2), 843 × 104 (B3), 1011 × 104 (B4), and 1180 × 104 seeds ha−1 (B5). Significant differences in lodging rate, tiller number, hay yield, crude protein content, neutral detergent fibre, and relative feed value were observed at different fertilization levels. Significant differences were found in lodging rate, plant height, tiller number, hay yield, contents of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre, dry matter digestibility, and relative feed value among the seeding density treatments. The interaction of nitrogen fertilization rate and seeding density significantly affected forage yield and quality, with the A3B3 treatment having the highest comprehensive evaluation value. In alpine grazing areas of the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau, 240 kg N ha−1 and 843 × 104 seeds ha−1 should therefore be used for autumn‐sown triticale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to prepare and characterize Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) waste meal. The experimental design consisted of three treatments (carcass meal, mechanically separated meat meal - MSM, and head meal) and five replications of each treatment. Yield, microbiological quality, pH, water activity, proximate composition, energy value, mineral composition, fatty acid profile, amino acid composition, color, and particle size fractions and the geometric mean particle diameter (GMD) analyses were performed. Data were subjected to ANOVA, and means were compared by Tukey's test at P < 0.05. Carcass, mechanically separated meat, and head meals had a protein content of 56.45%, 78.60%, and 50.33%, respectively, a lipid content of 7.16%, 13.15%, and 4.58%, respectively, and an ash content of 32.61%, 4.26%, and 38.41%, respectively. The mean yield of fish waste meals was 13%. Oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids in the three fish waste meals, and glutamic acid, leucine, lysine, and glycine were the major amino acids. Color analysis showed that lightness (L*) ranged from 55.32 to 77.19, redness (a*) from 4.44 to 4.88, and yellowness (b*) from 4.13 to 9.51. The GMD ranged from 0.37 to 0.99 mm. The results indicate that Nile tilapia waste meals have high nutritional value and adequate pH, water activity, and microbiological quality for use in human nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Maize is the mainstay of food and animal feed globally. Maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais, accounts for a significant global loss of stored maize annually. Twenty-one maize genotypes were evaluated for their reaction to attack by maize weevil during storage and the influence of nutritional contents on their response to the weevil attack. Fifty grams of whole grains of each genotype were infested in three replications with 20 unsexed weevils in a 250 ml test tube and kept under ambient conditions for 36 days. The nutritional attributes of the maize genotypes were determined. Genotype TZB-SR-A had the thickest (7.32 mm) grains, while TZEE-WSTR had the thinnest grains (3.46 mm). Crude protein ranged from 8.43 to 12.78% for NG/SA/07/029 and TZB-SR-B, respectively. Beta-carotene ranged from 38.91 to 51.22% for Igbogbo Local and EVDT-Y2000-STR, respectively. Genotypes TZM-212, TZM-1296, TZB-SR-B, and TZM-1311 showed no appreciable loss in grain weight, while EVDT-Y2000-STR, which had the highest beta-carotene content, showed the highest weight loss of 2 g. These indicate sufficient differences among the maize genotypes for improvement for weevil resistance. Furthermore, the findings of the present study suggest a potential role of beta-carotene in influencing the feeding preference of S. zeamais on maize grains. Genotypes TB87/97/15, TZB-SR-A, TZB-SR-B, TZM-1311, and TZM-144 should be targeted for future improvement of the trait. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To analyze the appearance characters and nutritional quality of walnuts in different origins of Xinjiang and Yunnan (13 batches from Xinjiang, 2 batches from Yunnan). [Method] The variation of 8 external quality indexes and 26 internal quality indexes of 15 batches and 6 varieties of walnuts from Xinjiang and Yunnan were studied by conventional observation, Soxhlet extraction, gas chromatography, Kjeldahl nitrogen determination and ICP-MS method. [Result] The longitudinal diameter, mean value of three diameters (longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, edge diameter) and fruit shape index of walnut from different regions had little difference, and the transverse diameter of walnut from Xinjiang was generally larger. The output rate of 13 batches of walnuts in Xinjiang (52.24%-64.33%) was significantly higher than that of 2 batches in Yunnan (46.22% and 47.68%,respectively). The coefficient of variation for palmitoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in 15 batches of walnut nuts were 52.06% and 16.04%, respectively, with significant differences. The protein content of walnut kernels varied significantly in different regions, with a coefficient of variation of 8.78%; the coefficient of variation of trace elements in walnut kernels was relatively large among different regions (9.39%-66.69%), the difference is obvious. The heavy metal mercury was not detected in the 15 batches of walnut nut samples, arsenic, cadmium and chromium were detected, the lead content detection ranged between 0.021-0.032 mg/kg, however, it did not exceed the limit requirements of GB 2762-2022 National Standard for Contamination in Food. [Conclusion] This study provides scientific basis for the development and utilization of walnut resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Grain appearance and nutritional quality are critical traits for rice marketing. However, how to simultaneously improve grain appearance (slender grain and low chalkiness) and nutritional quality (improved protein and amino acid contents) in rice remains a major challenge. Here, we show that knocking out rice isopropylmalate synthase genes OsIPMS1 and OsIPMS2 can improve both grain appearance and nutritional quality. We find that OsIPMS1 directly interacts with OsIPMS2 to form heterodimers. Meanwhile, we observe that OsIPMS1 and OsIPMS2 influence the expression of genes previously reported to be involved in the determination of grain size and nutritional quality in the developing panicles and grains. Furthermore, we show that Osipms1/2 double mutants exhibit significantly improved grain appearance and nutritional quality in polished rice in both the japonica (Wuyungeng 23) and indica (Huanghuazhan) varieties. Our findings indicate that OsIPMS is a useful target gene for breeding of rice varieties appealing for marketing and with health‐benefiting properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Analyse the breakfast cereal market to help to help healthcare professionals to guide parents in choosing healthy products for their children. Study design: Observational study of the breakfast cereals available in the biggest supermarkets, discount stores and organic chains in France, Belgium and Luxembourg. Methods: An analysis of nutritional qualities using three indicators: Nutri-Score (initial and modified version), WHO Europe nutrient profile model, and Nova. Results: 645 products were listed; 559 excluding duplicates. A total of 28.8% are marketed to children and make up the group of "children's" cereals, 62.1% of cereals are Muesli, Oats and other cereal flakes (MOCF), and 54.9% are "organic". The study shows that "children's" cereals have a poorer nutritional profile: a higher proportion of Nutri-Score D, higher sugar content, lower fibre content, less conformity with the WHO Europe nutrient profile model and a higher proportion ofultra-processed. On the other hand, MOCF and "organic" products generally have a better nutritional profile: less sugar, more fibre, more Nutri-Score A, less Nutri-Score D and fewer ultra-processed products. Conclusions: Parents should therefore opt for cereals that do not bear any reference to children on the packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Daylily (Hemerocallis citrina) is a perennial herb of the genus Hemerocallis of Liliaceae. It is also an economically important crop and is widely cultivated. Daylily has nutritional, medicinal and ornamental values. The research literature shows that daylily is a high-quality food raw material rich in soluble sugars, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, dietary fiber, carotenoids, mineral elements, polyphenols and other nutrients, which are effective in clearing heat and diuresis, resolving bruises and stopping bleeding, strengthening the stomach and brain, and reducing serum cholesterol levels. This article reviews the main nutrients of daylily and summarizes the drying process of daylily. In addition, due to the existence of active ingredients, daylily also has a variety of biological activities that are beneficial to human health. This article also highlights the nutritional quality of daylily, the research progress of dried vegetable rehydration technology and dried daylily. In the end, the undeveloped molecular mechanism and functional research status of daylily worldwide are introduced in order to provide reference for the nutritional quality research and dried processing industry of daylily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Defatted cottonseed meal (DCSM), a byproduct of the cotton industry, is highly regarded for its high protein content, making it a source of nutrients in animal feed. Traditional physical and chemical treatments of DCSM can lead to a reduction in nutrient content and the presence of residual organic solvents. Probiotic fermentation of DCSM offers several advantages, including degradation of anti-nutritional factors, an increase in nutrient content, and production of beneficial metabolites. This study employed probiotic fermentation of DCSM using a probiotic microbe collection composed of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Enterococcus faecium, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. This fermentation process significantly enhanced the nutritional quality of DCSM. Specifically, the contents of crude protein, free amino acid, total phosphorus, and moisture increased by 1.14-fold, 1.14-fold, 1.24-fold, and 3-fold, respectively. In the meanwhile, there was a substantial reduction in the content of dry matter, crude ash, and crude fat, with decreases of 27.83%, 25.74%, and 88.23%, respectively. Probiotic fermentation of DCSM resulted in an overall enhancement of the palatability of DCSM. This study provides valuable insights into the potential of mixed probiotic fermentation as a promising approach for improving the nutritional quality of DCSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To investigate difference in the quality of the different parts (back, tail muscles, and fish skin) of Opsariichthys bidens from pond and rice field cultures, a comparative study was conducted in terms of nutritional composition, volatile flavor profiles and gut microbiota. In detail, the texture, free amino acids, fatty acids were further assessed. The results suggested that the moisture content, crude protein and crude fat content in the skin of O. bidens are higher than those in the back and tail muscles, regardless of breeding modes. The fish cultured in the rice field had a higher protein content than those from the pond culture, while the fat content of the rice field-cultured fish was significantly low compared to the fish from the pond culture, especially in the back and tail parts. A total of 43 volatile components were detected by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), with a maximum of 18 types of aldehydes and the highest concentration being nonanal. Compared to pond cultures, the fish from the rice field cultures showed more abundant flavor composition and odor-active compounds. The total content of DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) and EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) in the rice field-cultured fish was higher than that of the pond group, while no significant disparity in amino acid composition was observed (p > 0.05). Comparative and clustering analyses of gut microbiota revealed notable discrepancies in the gut microbiota of O. bidens from two aquaculture systems. However, an inherent correlation between the gut microbiome and meat quality would be further emphasized in further studies. This study can offer a theoretical reference for the development of high-quality aquatic products by selecting the appropriate aquaculture models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Lucerne (Medicago sativa), is a cornerstone of China's livestock industry, however, due to the backward agronomic strategies and technology, lucerne in China faces cultivation challenges that result in lower productivity and quality than global standards. Therefore, we undertook a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of five distinct fertilization types on lucerne yield and nutritional quality in various locations in China. The fertilizer practices included manure application, combined mineral fertilizer and manure application (FM), biological fertilizer application, unbalanced application of two or more mineral fertilizer types, and balanced mineral fertilizer application. Furthermore, we investigate influential factors of yield and quality of lucerne under fertilization, including climatic variables (mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature), initial soil properties (soil organic carbon; total nitrogen, pH), and agronomic factors (seeding rate, harvest frequency, and lucerne stand age). Methods: Our study analyzed 53 published papers to discern the most beneficial fertilizer for enhancing lucerne yield and nutritional quality. Results and discussion: The results showed that the fertilizer practices, on average, significantly improved yield by 31.72% and crude protein content by 11.29%, with FM emerging as the most effective, this is because mineral fertilizers provide available nutrients for lucerne, manure provides essential organic matter for microorganisms and improve soil properties. In addition, the fertilizer practices significantly reduced neutral and acid detergent fiber contents by 6.28% and 8.50%, respectively, while increasing ash content and relative feeding value. Furthermore, climatic variables, soil properties, and planting system factors such as sowing date and harvest frequency significantly affected yield and nutritional quality. The practical implications of our results emphasize the need for balanced and strategic fertilizer application to optimize lucerne production and highlight the potential to adjust cultivation practices according to environmental conditions. Balanced and strategic fertilizer application can simultaneously improve soil properties, enhance soil carbon sequestration, and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases from the soil, which is a vital measure for realizing sustainable agricultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the dynamic landscape of agriculture and food science, incorporating emergent crops appears as a pioneering solution for diversifying agriculture, unlocking possibilities for sustainable cultivation and nutritional bolstering food security, and creating economic prospects amid evolving environmental and market conditions with positive impacts on human health. This review explores the potential of utilizing emergent crops in Mediterranean environments under current climate scenarios, emphasizing the manifold benefits of agricultural and food system diversification and assessing the impact of environmental factors on their quality and consumer health. Through a deep exploration of the resilience, nutritional value, and health impacts of neglected and underutilized species (NUS) such as quinoa, amaranth, chia, moringa, buckwheat, millet, teff, hemp, or desert truffles, their capacity to thrive in the changing Mediterranean climate is highlighted, offering novel opportunities for agriculture and functional food development. By analysing how promoting agricultural diversification can enhance food system adaptability to evolving environmental conditions, fostering sustainability and resilience, we discuss recent findings that underscore the main benefits and limitations of these crops from agricultural, food science, and health perspectives, all crucial for responsible and sustainable adoption. Thus, by using a sustainable and holistic approach, this revision analyses how the integration of NUS crops into Mediterranean agrifood systems can enhance agriculture resilience and food quality addressing environmental, nutritional, biomedical, economic, and cultural dimensions, thereby mitigating the risks associated with monoculture practices and bolstering local economies and livelihoods under new climate scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment mainly used in-shell fresh peanuts as the main raw material and adopted heat pump drying technology to dry peanuts. The effects of different material temperatures, loading masses, and air velocities on drying characteristics and peanut kernel nutritional quality were compared. Results showed that during drying, the drying moisture ratio decreased exponentially with increasing drying time, and the drying rate decreased with time. With the increase in material temperature, the drying time decreases, and the unit energy consumption first decreases and then increases. With the increase in loading mass, the drying time increases, and the unit energy consumption first decreases and then increases. Air velocity had no significant effect on drying time and unit energy consumption. The material loading had no significant effect on the protein, fat, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and amino acid contents in peanut kernels. The material temperature and air velocity had a significant effect on the nutritional quality of peanut kernels. The acid value and peroxide value of the dried peanut kernels met the national standard. When the hot air temperature was 45 °C, the germination potential and rate of peanut kernels were the highest, and the material loading and air velocity had no significant effect on the germination rate. In conclusion, setting the drying conditions to a hot air temperature of 45 °C, a single loading amount of 1 000 g, and an air velocity of 1.2 m/s resulted in better drying characteristics and quality of peanut kernels, with a shorter drying time (10.0 h) and the lowest unit energy consumption (11.01 kW·h/kg). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cruciferous sprout is a new form of vegetable product rich in bioactive compounds, especially glucosinolates. Previous studies have focused on increasing the accumulation of glucosinolates in cruciferous sprouts by applying different chemical regulators, with a particular focus on their contribution to nutritional quality and health benefits. Nevertheless, the effects of melatonin and UV-B irradiation on glucosinolate biosynthesis remain unclear. In this study, it was found that changes in melatonin concentrations significantly affected the contents of individual as well as total aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates. The 5 μmol.L-1 melatonin was decided as the optimum concentration that could increase the content of beneficial glucosinolates including glucoraphanin and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin in Chinese kale sprouts. Notably, the enhancement of glucosinolate accumulation by melatonin treatment could be further amplified by UV-B irradiation. Furthermore, our results showed that R2R3-MYB transcription factor BoaMYB28 and BoaMYB51, which are central regulators of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis respectively, were both involved in the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis by melatonin and UV-B irradiation. Additionally, the expression of glucosinolate biosynthetic genes, including BoaCYP79F1, BoaCYP83A1, BoaSUR1, BoaUGT74B1, BoaCYP79B2, BoaCYP79B3, and BoaCYP83B1 participated in the formation of core structures and BoaFMOGS-OX5, BoaAOP2, BoaCYP81F2, and BoaIGMT1 involved in the sidechain modification of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate, was regulated by melatonin or UV-B irradiation. Taken together, these findings provide a potential strategy for improving the nutritional quality and resistance of Chinese kale sprouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild fish are preferred by consumers primarily for their superior sensorial qualities, including taste and texture. However, their limited availability often results in higher prices. Considering this, we explored the possibility of enhancing the quality of earthen pond aquaculture fish by transferring them to a near wild environment. This study investigated how rewilding time affects the physical properties, nutritional composition, and volatile profile of grass carp muscle. The results showed that compared to the 0M group, the crude protein content in grass carp muscle did not change significantly (p > 0.05) as the rewilding time increased to 6 months. Meanwhile, the significant increase in hardness and springiness (p < 0.05) indicated that the textural characteristics of muscle, which were key sensory and physical indices of muscle quality, were improved. Although the 6M group showed a 58.93% reduction in crude fat content compared to the 0M group, it retained the highest docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content. Sensory evaluation demonstrated that as the rewilding time increased, the fishy and grassy odors of the rewilding grass carp diminished. Furthermore, cluster heatmaps and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) revealed that cultured grass carp and rewilding grass carp at three time points exhibited differences in various indicators. The variable importance in projection (VIP) showed that volatile flavor compounds (acetone, propionaldehyde-D, 1-penten-3-ol) and hardness were key factors in distinguishing between them. Therefore, extending the rewilding time can potentially enhance the acceptability of cultured grass carp by improving the physical properties, nutritional quality, and volatile profile of the muscle. This approach may provide a new pathway for fish aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment aimed to explore the effects of different mixing ratios of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Bromus inermis on the nutritional and fermentation qualities of their mixed silage. Alfalfa and Bromus inermis were used as experimental materials and mixed in fresh weight ratios of 10∶0, 8∶2, 7∶3, 6∶4, 4∶6, 3∶7, 2∶8, and 0∶10 for ensiling, with three replicates for each treatment. After 60 days of storage, the sensory quality, nutritional components, and fermentation quality were tested and analyzed. The fermentation quality was scored using the V-Score scoring system, and grey relational analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the nutritional and fermentation qualities of the eight groups of mixed silages to determine the optimal mixing ratio for the two forage grasses. The results showed that when alfalfa is mixed with Bromus inermis in a ratio of 6∶4 for ensiling, the silage quality was optimal, with the lowest pH value and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) content, and the highest levels of crude protein (CP) and lactic acid (LA), as well as the lowest levels of acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The study indicates that the mixed ensiling of alfalfa and Bromus inermis was superior to the individual ensiling of alfalfa and Bromus inermis. The mixed silage could better exert the advantages of each ensiling raw material, thus better preserving the nutritional components and fermentation quality of the green feed. A mixing ratio of 6∶4 for alfalfa to Bromus inermis is optimal for mixed ensiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) seeds are used as spices. In this study, fatty acids extracted from the coriander seeds collected from three places (Sululta, Jimma and Wolaita Sodo) in Ethiopia were determined as their methyl ester using GC-MS. The fatty acid components were assessed using linoleic acid ethyl ester as an external standard. Sululta sample showed five fatty acids, while Wolaita Sodo and Jimma three each with highest amount of petroselinic acid: 68.41%, 72.53%, and 64.4%, respectively, of the total fatty acids. Linoleic acid (omega6) was found in the range of 18.24-22.37%. The polyunsaturated versus saturated (P/S) index values were found to be 1.69-2.39, which indicated that coriander seeds from the three sites have a good capacity to prevent the development of cardiovascular and some chronic diseases. The number of compounds identified in the essential oils of coriander seeds from Jimma, Sululta, and Wolaita Sodo were 7, 9, and 15 with total percent areas of 99.64, 75.14, and 96.68, respectively. The major component in the essential oils was linalool ranging from 36.72-88.50% of the total amount. In general, the chemical constituents of fatty acids and essential oils of coriander seeds indicates its good nutritional quality and usefulness for human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In controlled environment agriculture, customized light treatments using lightemitting diodes are crucial to improving crop yield and quality. Red (R; 600-700 nm) and blue light (B; 400-500 nm) are two major parts of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), often preferred in crop production. Far-red radiation (FR; 700-800 nm), although not part of PAR, can also affect photosynthesis and can have profound effects on a range of morphological and physiological processes. However, interactions between different red and blue light ratios (R:B) and FR on promoting yield and nutritionally relevant compounds in crops remain unknown. Here, lettuce was grown at 200 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR under three different R:B ratios: R:B87.5:12.5 (12.5% blue), R:B75:25 (25% blue), and R:B60:40 (40% blue) without FR. Each treatment was also performed with supplementary FR (50 µmol m-2 s-1; R:B87.5:12.5+FR, R:B75:25+FR, and R:B60:40+FR).White light with andwithout FR (Wand W+FR) were used as control treatments comprising of 72.5% red, 19% green, and 8.5% blue light. Decreasing the R:B ratio from R:B87.5:12.5 to R:B60:40, there was a decrease in fresh weight (20%) and carbohydrate concentration (48% reduction in both sugars and starch), whereas pigment concentrations (anthocyanins, chlorophyll, and carotenoids), phenolic compounds, and various minerals all increased. These results contrasted the effects of FR supplementation in the growth spectra; when supplementing FR to different R:B backgrounds, we found a significant increase in plant fresh weight, dry weight, total soluble sugars, and starch. Additionally, FR decreased concentrations of anthocyanins, phenolic compounds, and various minerals. Although blue light and FR effects appear to directly contrast, blue and FR light did not have interactive effects together when considering plant growth, morphology, and nutritional content. Therefore, the individual benefits of increased blue light fraction and supplementary FR radiation can be combined and used cooperatively to produce crops of desired quality: adding FR increases growth and carbohydrate concentration while increasing the blue fraction increases nutritional value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) landraces, traditional local varieties representing an intermediate stage in domestication, are gaining attention due to their high genetic variability and performance in challenging environments. While major kernel metabolites have been examined, limited research has been conducted on minor bioactive components like lipids, despite their nutritional benefits. To address this, we analyzed twenty-two tetraploid accessions, comprising modern elite cultivars and landraces, to (i) verify if the selection process for yield-related traits carried out during the Green Revolution has influenced lipid amount and composition; (ii) uncover the extent of lipid compositional variability, giving evidence that lipid fingerprinting effectively identifies evolutionary signatures; and (iii) identify genotypes interesting for breeding programs to improve yield and nutrition. Interestingly, total fat did not correlate with kernel weight, indicating lipid composition as a promising trait for selection. Tri- and di-acylglycerol were the major lipid components along with free fatty acids, and their relative content varied significantly among genotypes. In particular, landraces belonging to T. turanicum and carthlicum ecotypes differed significantly in total lipid and fatty acid profiles. Our findings provide evidence that landraces can be a genetically relevant source of lipid variability, with potential to be exploited for improving wheat nutritional quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, plasma activated water (PAW) immersion with different discharge times were applied to investigate their effects on broccoli seed germination, sprouts growth, antioxidant enzyme activities, polyphenol and anthocyanin content as well as sulforaphane formation. The seed germination rate, germination index, vigor index, water absorption, wettability and sprouts growth were promoted by PAW treatments, and plasma discharge for 30 min (PAW30) treatment showed the best germination rate and sprouts growth. No significant difference was found in color, polyphenol and anthocyanin content as well as myrosinase activity among different PAW treatments. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzyme activities of broccoli sprouts were enhanced significantly by all PAW treatments. Besides, PAW15, PAW30 and PAW60 treatments also increased significantly the sulforaphane formation of 5 d sprouts, which increased by 7.09%, 10.34% and 5.43% compared to the control, respectively. Therefore, these data indicated that seeds immersed with PAW30 could be used as a promising strategy to enhance the seed germination and quality of broccoli sprouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encouraging the food industry to reformulate their products is a possible public intervention to improve diet quality. In this paper, we assess the impact of food reformulation on per capita salt and saturated fatty acids (SFAs) intake, in France, for four product categories, namely, potato chips, fresh pizzas, frozen pizzas, and frozen meals, taking into account the changes in products' nutritional quality and consumer choices. Nutrient intake is calculated by matching data on food purchases and nutritional data, collected at the same date. An algorithm is run to disentangle the specific effect of food reformulation. We find that food reformulation, which is based on voluntary individual firm choices or voluntary industry‐wide agreement in our case studies, contributes to decrease SFAs and salt intake in seven out of eight cases. However, the magnitude of the impact is moderate, except in the case of potato chips for which a much stronger impact is observed. Product renewal has an ambiguous effect, depending on the nutrient considered. By contrast, changes in consumer behavior increase the intake of SFAs and salt in all cases. Finally, food reformulation generally benefits all consumers equally, regardless of income or age. For food categories with consumption disparities, product reformulation can reduce heterogeneity in nutrient intake across socioeconomic groups, provided that recipes are greatly and widely improved [EconLit Citations: D12, D22, I1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nutritional quality and safety of fruit and vegetable products are the urgent problems and research hotspots in the processing field. High-pressure homogenization, a non-thermal processing technology, can maximize the preservation of the nutritional quality, color and flavor of fruit and vegetable products while sterilizing and inactivating enzymes, and is expected to replace thermal processing technology. This article reviews the effects of high-pressure homogenization on the color, stability and nutritional components of fruit and vegetable products, and summarizes the killing effect and mechanism of high-pressure homogenization on microorganisms. It discusses the prospects and challenges of high-pressure homogenization technology in the application of fruit and vegetable products from two aspectsof equipment and technology, providing a theoretical reference for the innovation of high-pressure homogenization technology and equipment.

Abstract The nutritional quality improvement is among the most integral objective for any rice molecular breeding programs. The seed storage proteins (SSPs) have greater role to determine the nutritional quality of any cereal grains. Rice contains relatively balanced amino acid composition and the SSPs are fractioned into albumins (ALB), globulins (GLO), prolamins (PRO) and glutelins (GLU) according to differences in solubility. GLUs are further divided into subfamilies: GluA, GluB, GluC, and GluD depending on resemblance in amino acid. The GLU protein accounts for 60–80% of total protein contents, encoded by 15 genes located on different chromosomes of rice genome. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system was employed to knockout Glu-B (LOC-Os02g15070) gene in non-basmati rice PK386 cultivar. The mutant displayed two base pair and three base pair mutation in the targeted regions. The homozygous mutant plant displayed reduction for both in total protein contents and GLU contents whereas, elevation in GLO, ALB and PRO. Moreover, the mutant plant also displayed reduction in physio-chemical properties e.g., total starch, amylose and gel consistency. The agronomic characteristics of both mutant and wild type displayed non-significant differences along with increase in higher percentage of chalkiness in mutant plants. The results obtained from scanning electron microscopy showed the loosely packed starch granules compared to wild type. The gene expression analysis displayed the lower expression of gene at 5 days after flowering (DAF), 10 DAF, 15 DAF and 20 DAF compared to wild type. GUS sub-cellular localization showed the staining in seed which further validated the results obtained from gene expression. Based on these findings it can be concluded Glu-B gene have significant role in controlling GLU contents and can be utilized in breeding programs to enhance the nutritional quality of rice, and may serve as healthy diet for patient allergic with high GLU contents.

Ten lettuce varieties (lines) grown in Chengdu Plain were used as test materials, and 8 post-harvest appearance quality indexes (single plant weight, single plant stem weight, single plant length, stem length, stem thickness, stem skin hardness, stem flesh hardness, and stem edible rate), as well as 7 nutrient quality indexes (water content, chlorophyll, vitamin C, reducing sugars, soluble proteins, cellulose, and free amino acids) were tested and statistically analyzed. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the postharvest quality of the tested varieties and select the excellent varieties. The results showed that the values of coefficient of variation among the tested varieties ranged from 0.45% to 50.64%, among which the coefficient of variation of lettuce variation (lines) of free amino acid content in fleshy stems was the largest, reaching 50.64%. The content of stem chlorophyll and soluble protein, leaf reducing sugar showed great differences with the values of coefficient of variation all greater than 30%. The appearance quality, commerciality, and nutrition quality all showed strong correlation among several indicators. The excellent fresh varieties for 3 stem ('Zuhe 2019135' 'Chuanlüxiang 1' and 'Hongjiansun 2') and 3 leaf ('Zhutongqing' 'Xincuizhu' and 'Zuhe 2019135') were selected, respectively. The postharvest quality characteristics of some main lettuce varieties cultivated in winter and spring in the vegetable production area of Chengdu Plain were further clarified in this study, which could provide reference for the selection of excellent fresh lettuce varieties in production.

To comprehensively explore the nutritional quality and construct evaluation system, this paper studied the effects of different planting ways and growing years on the 23 nutritional qualities of Tonggu Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and constructs of its evaluation system by correlation, factors, and clustering analysis. The results showed that the content of ethanol-soluble extractives, protein, essential amino acids (EAA), medicinal amino acids (MAA), ash and 5 constant mineral elements in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua from greenhouse planting (GP) was the highest, and the nutritional score of EAA was also the optimal. Also, the content of polysaccharide and saponins in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua from open planting (OP) was the most, and the four trace elements (Fe, Mn, Zn and Se) were the highest in underwood planting (UP). The Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua from wild (W) had the highest content of flavonoids and total phenols. In addition, as the extension of growing years, the content of ethanol-soluble extractives, lipid, and polysaccharides in Tonggu Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua increased gradually, while there was no significant difference in the saponins, flavonoids and total phenols (P>0.05). However, the content of starch, crude fiber, protein, ash, nutritional score of EAA and mineral elements in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua was negatively correlated with the growing years. In particular, the decline of nutritional quality in GP was the most significant. Through the analysis of correlation, factor, and cluster, the 22 indicators of nutritional quality were simplified into 13 indicators, and then a comprehensive evaluation model was established by principal component analysis (PCA). It was found that the comprehensive score (−1.331~1.161) of nutritional quality of 8 types was GP-3>UP-3>W-4>GP-5>GP-4>OP-3>UP-4>OP-4, that is, the nutritional quality of GP-3 was optimal. And on this basis, a 6-level standard for the nutritional quality comprehensive evaluation of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua was established. These results will provide a theoretical basis for the screening of raw materials for development of high-value products and variety improvement of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.

In order to investigate and evaluate the processibility of broccoli by-products (stems and leaves) and hence to provide a reference for their rational utilization, this study investigated the physicochemical properties and nutritional quality of broccoli stem and leaf powders prepared by different drying methods, namely vacuum freeze drying (FD), microwave freeze drying (MFD), heat pump drying (HPD) and hot air drying (HAD). The results showed that the color difference ΔE between MFD-treated and fresh broccoli stems was 8.52 ± 0.02, which was smaller than that between HAD-treated and fresh samples (30.27 ± 0.28), indicating that MFD had better color preservation effect. The median particle size ranges of broccoli stem and leaf powders were 31.19–52.09 and 32.30–40.47 μm, respectively. Broccoli leaf powder had lower water and oil retention capacities but higher swelling force than that broccoli stem powder. The water retention capacity of FD-dried broccoli stem powder was (11.40 ± 0.46) g/g, and the oil retention capacity of MFD-dried broccoli stem powder was (1.40 ± 0.04) g/g. FD and MFD could effectively maintain the microstructure of broccoli stems and leaves, with obvious pores. The specific energy consumption of FD and MFD for treating an equal amount of broccoli stems was 7.35 and 3.26 kW·h/kg, respectively, so MFD reduced energy consumption by 55.65% when compared with FD. MFD maintained heat-sensitive and readily oxidized nutrients well, resulting in good antioxidant activity. The 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) scavenging capacity, 2, 2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cationic radical scavenging capacity and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of MFD broccoli leaf extract at a concentration of 0.125 mg/100 mL were 70.21%, 71.11% and (0.31 ± 0.01) mmol/g, respectively. In summary, broccoli stem and leaf powders had good physicochemical properties and nutritional quality and therefore could be used as raw materials for developing functional foods. The application of drying technology enables the rational utilization of broccoli stems and leaves.

Heat-moisture treatment (HMT) was evaluated for its effects on the antioxidant, nutritional and dough properties of different legume flours. The results showed that the contents of total phenols and flavonoids and the antioxidant capacity of adzuki bean and pea flour initially increased and then decreased with the increase in HMT time, reaching the maximum at 0.5 and 1.0 h, respectively; whereas the contents of total phenols and flavonoids of white kidney bean flour increased with HMT time up to 8.0 h. HMT had consistent effects on the scavenging activity against 2, 2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) cation radical and 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and the contents of total phenols and total flavonoids. The major fatty acids in all three legume flours were palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, cis-11-eicosatetraenoic acid and oleic acid. HMT for 2.0 h and longer had a significant effect on the contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid and cis-11-eicosatetraenoic acid in white kidney bean flour. After HMT, the contents of free amino acids in red and white kidney bean flour decreased significantly due to its involvement in the Maillard reaction, while bound amino acids in pea flour were released, thereby increasing the amount of free amino acids. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed pores in and protein adhesion on the starch granules due to protein denaturation and partial gelatinization of starch with increasing HMT time. The recrystallization of starch resulted in a decrease in peak, trough and setback viscosity, and poorer shear resistance of legume flour. The results of dough water distribution showed that the relaxation times T21 and T22 of adzuki bean flour increased after HMT, and the dough formation of adzuki bean flour was better than that of the other two flours. Thermomechanical analysis showed that HMT enhanced protein weakening in mixed legume-wheat flour doughs and inhibited starch retrogradation, thus improving product quality.

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This study addresses the issue of maintaining nutritional quality amidst financial hardship faced by families in Plateau State, Nigeria. Surveys research designed was used for the study. The study covers 3 local government areas in Plateau State, ensuring diverse representation. The sample size of 400 families residing in Plateau State was used. Questionnaire was used to collect data for the study which capture the demographic information, dietary habits, household budget allocation for food, and perceptions of nutritional value. Mean and standard deviation was used to present result for the findings. The findings of the study revealed that that there should be cost-effective meal planning strategies in promoting healthy eating habits. Also, socioeconomic factors impact cost-effective meal planning in promoting healthy eating habits. Based on the findings, stakeholders, policymakers, and community organizations should implement interventions that support cost-effective meal planning, enhance nutritional literacy, and alleviate financial burdens on families in Plateau State. This study may empower families to make informed dietary choices and achieve better health outcomes despite economic constraints.

In order to promote the sustainable development of Zhejiang East white goose industry, freshwater aquaculture and seawater aquaculture of Zhejiang East white geese were taken as research objects. The heavy metal content, free amino acid composition, flavor nucleotide composition, and fatty acid composition were determined. The effects of seawater aquaculture on meat nutritional quality and flavor characteristics of Zhejiang East white geese were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the seawater group had lower water content, higher protein content, and lower fat content compared to the freshwater group. The content of free amino acids in the seawater group (4576.03 mg/kg) was significantly higher than that in the freshwater group (P

Abstract Computing the food component (nutrient) amount in 100 kilocalories, 100 grams or 100 milliliters, the reference amount customarily consumed (RACC), or 50 grams of food demonstrates the food component amount of some foods unsuitably. So, selecting some foods based on them may elevate the hazards of some chronic diseases. Computing the food component amount and assessing suitable levels of food components and the nutritional quality according to the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the suggested procedure were implemented on 8,596 food cases, 29 food components, and 25 food categories. Selecting some foods under the FDA and CAC to reach sufficient intakes of positive food components surpassed energy demands. Selecting some foods under the CAC did not satisfy the demands of positive food components. Some foods that satisfied the demands of positive food components were not suitable food selections under the CAC. Selecting some foods under the FDA or CAC surpassed the demands of negative food components (including cholesterol, energy, fat, saturated fat, and sodium). Some foods that did not surpass the demands of negative food components were not suitable food selections under the CAC or FDA. Due to the vulnerabilities of selecting foods on the basis of the reference amounts of food, fast foods under the CAC and FDA in serving size (the serving size or serving is obtained from the RACC), spices and herbs under the CAC in 100 grams or 100 milliliters, and vegetables and vegetable products under the CAC in 100 kilocalories obtained the highest average scores for nutritional quality based on positive food components (including vitamins, protein, dietary fiber, and minerals, excluding sodium) among food categories for children aged four years and older and adults. Graphical Abstract

Important quality components of red-fleshed kiwifruit which was grown in three different regions in North of Iran were investigated in this research. Fruits produced in the region with higher altitude and cool summer temperatures showed higher ascorbic acid content (AAC), total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity than the two other regions both at harvest time and storage. It was observed that the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl was positively correlated with the AAC (r = 0.98), total phenolic content (r = 0.94), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power was positively correlated with the AAC (r = 0.98), TPC (r = 0.93). Fruits harvested in region 2 with cool environments, presented dark red flesh color with the highest values of anthocyanin content at harvest (2.78 mg CGE/100 g), with a gradually increasing trend during storage to reach 3.47 mg CGE/100 g at the end of storage. Total anthocyanin content correlated positively with soluble solids content (SSC; r = 0.82), total Soluble sugars (TSS; r = 0.94), pH (r = 0.94), SSC/titratable acidity (TA; r = 0.83) and negatively with TA (r = −0.77). Fruits grown in region 2 received the highest SCC and TSS scores after sensory test evaluations made by the panelists. During storage fruits firmness and total acidity of kiwifruit decreased while SSC, TSS, and anthocyanin content increased. Additionally, antioxidant compounds and taste-related quality of kiwifruit had a positive relationship with the product region. Results showed that the growing region and storage duration considerably influenced the antioxidant compounds and nutritional quality of red flesh kiwifruit.

Native grass is the most important material base in grassland livestock production, and it is of great significance to improve its feeding value. In order to study the dynamic change law of the silage quality of native grass, typical steppe native grass were used as experimental materials, and their nutritional quality, fermentation quality and microbial population were determined after 1, 3, 5, 7, 15, 30 d and 60 d of silage, respectively. The ensiling time had significant effects (P<0.05) on the nutritional quality, fermentation quality and microbial population of native grass silage. Dry matter, crude protein, water soluble carbohydrate content and pH showed a gradual decrease with increasing ensiling time. Lactic acid, acetic acid, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content showed a gradual increase. There was a gradual increase in the number of lactic acid bacteria and a gradual decrease in the number of yeasts, aerobic bacteria and coliform bacteria. In conclusion, the fermentation quality of native grass silage for 60 d was optimal. However, the effect of native grass silage by conventional way was not ideal, and the addition of suitable fermentation bacterial agent for silage could be considered in production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Variability in sugar content between raw and cooked sweetpotato storage roots impact nutritional and dietary importance with implications for consumer preference. High‐throughput phenotyping is required to breed varieties that satisfy consumer preferences. Results: Near‐infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) calibration curves were developed for analysing sugars in baked storage roots using 147 genotypes from a population segregating for sugar content and other traits. The NIRS prediction curves had high coefficients of determination in calibration (R2c) of 0.96 (glucose), 0.93 (fructose), 0.96 (sucrose), and 0.96 (maltose). The corresponding coefficients of determination for cross‐validation (R2cv) were 0.92 (glucose), 0.89 (fructose), 0.96 (sucrose) and 0.93 (maltose) and were similar to the R2c for all sugars measured. The ratios of the standard deviation of the reference set to the standard error of cross‐validation were greater than three for all sugars. These results confirm the applicability of the NIRS curves in efficiently determining sugar content in baked sweetpotato storage roots. External validation was performed on an additional 70 genotypes. Coefficients of determination (r2) were 0.88 (glucose), 0.88 (fructose), 0.86 (sucrose) and 0.49 (maltose). The results were comparable to those found for the calibration and cross‐validation in fructose, glucose, and sucrose, but were moderate for maltose due to the low variability of maltose content in the population. Conclusions: NIRS can be used for screening sugar content in baked sweetpotato storage roots in breeding programs and can be used to assist with the development of improved sweetpotato varieties that better meet consumer preferences. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rice is a staple food for nearly two-thirds of China's population. As socio-economic development continues, there is a growing demand for high-quality rice. This study collected grain quality traits for 17,785 rice varieties approved throughout China, and categorized them into the following five types: indica inbred (II), indica hybrid (IH), japonica inbred (JI), japonica hybrid (JH), and indica-japonica hybrid (IJ). Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess the differences and trends in rice quality across these varieties. We found that JI and JH excel in processing and cooking qualities, featuring higher brown rice and head milled rice rates, coupling with longer gel consistency. Inbred varieties display lower chalky rice rates than hybrids. Over several decades, head milled rice rates have notably increased across all types except for IJ. Transparency grade has decreased in nearly all types except for IJ, with similar declines observed in chalky rice rates and chalkiness degree, suggesting an overall progress in appearance quality. In terms of cooking and taste attributes, amylose content has decreased in most varieties except for IJ, and gel consistency has improved in indica varieties. Generally, the rice quality of varieties approved in China has shown a clear trend of improvement over the past 40 years. This study provides significant data support and theoretical backing for ongoing rice breeding efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]