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Personalized recommendation algorithms inadvertently foster "filter bubbles," wherein consumers are predominantly exposed to information that aligns with their existing preferences, limiting their exposure to novel items. This phenomenon raises ethical concerns regarding consumer well‐being, as it potentially compromises the quality of consumption decisions by reinforcing a homogeneity of information. Introducing novelty into recommendation systems is a viable strategy to counteract this issue, as the predominance of homogeneous information plays a crucial role in the formation of filter bubbles. However, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding self‐directed strategies for consumers to break through these filter bubbles. Grounded in social identification theory and utilizing a series of experimental studies, our research employs a range of analytical techniques, including ANOVA, mediation, and moderated‐mediation analysis. Our findings suggest that personalized recommendations of unmentionable products, defined as products eliciting disgust, offense, or anger due to delicacy, ethics, or fear, (vs. ordinary products) can increase consumers' novelty‐seeking by enhancing their motivation to change their implicit social labels given by intelligent recommendation systems. Nonetheless, we observe that this drive for novelty‐seeking diminishes during social‐focused recommendations because this recommendation is based on the behaviors of others in consumers' social networks rather than their actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the specificities (milk characteristics, production process, ripening biochemistry, composition, and sensory properties) and novelties of the world-famous traditional cheeses of the Eastern Mediterranean (EM). The EM area is remarkably heterogeneous (11 countries—Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Türkiye, Cyprus, Greece, Albania, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Croatia) in terms of cheese production, but there are some common features that can be associated with EM which are connected to the difficult geoclimaticconditions (hilly terrain and hot summers). Cheesemakers resort to some preservation methods, such as high salt content (in white-brined cheeses), high total solids content (in hard cheeses), the use of hot water in the treatment of the curd (in pasta filata cheeses), the addition of some local herbs with antimicrobial properties, and the use of animal skin sacks for cheese ripening. Due to the high proportion of whey as a by-product, whey is traditionally used in EM for the production of whey cheeses. Preserving the production of traditional EM cheeses is critical to maintaining their cultural significance and meeting the demand of consumers interested in the provenance, craftsmanship, and nutritional value of these unique products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with innovation and inspired by crystallization as a methodological and textual practice. It does not solely claim crystallization as a framework for researching innovation, but in its multi-faceted perspectives and vocabulary seeks to do crystallization, that is, to represent and perform innovation. This endeavor is necessarily multi-temporal in the sense that the parts are not assembled to produce a linear argument or narrative. They do not come together nicely in the end, and yet they perform an antidote to manageable, hurried innovation. As such, it should be read as a counter to the idea that innovation can be forced forward, and equally as an invitation to take time and make space for ideas, thoughts, and problems to meander and for inspiration to come from unexpected sources, in innovation efforts and in research. Some readers may be inspired to write and add more partial perspectives, thus contributing to ongoing knowledge creation about "innovation" and "writing" and the abundance of ways in which the two can combine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategy literature has viewed novel business model design as a universally positive antecedent of high performance in entrepreneurial ventures. Not only have scholars emphasized novelty as a necessity, but they have almost considered it a sufficient condition for performance. Challenging this assumption, we hypothesize that novelty can produce high performance only in combination with specific configurations that feature other value drivers, such as efficiency, lock-in, and complementarity, which help firms not only create value but also capture more of it. Fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis of two samples of Internet-enabled firms largely supports our hypotheses. We find that novelty alone is insufficient for high performance, even when it appears as a necessary condition for very high performance in new technological environments. Our results highlight how novelty combines effectively with other value drivers (in particular with efficiency) and strategies (in particular with differentiation) contingent on the intensity of competition, firm size, and firms' technological environment. Our study contributes to literature streams on value creation, business model design, and innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a newly discovered hydrocarbon seep deposit from the Eocene bathyal flysch, exposed in the town of Buje in Istria, Croatia. Molecular fossils of methane‐oxidizing prokaryotes and abundant banded botryoidal cements indicate strong fluid flux at this site. We systematically describe the fauna of this and another seep deposit previously reported from Buje. The faunal assemblages are composed of eight species, these being an unidentified solemyid protobranch bivalve, the nuculid Nucula bowerbanki?, the nuculanid Nuculana? sp., the mytilid Brachidontes? amanoi sp. nov., the two thyasirids Channelaxinus dinaricus sp. nov. and Thyasira histriaensis sp. nov., the lucinid bivalve Amanocina bujensis sp. nov., and a possible provannid gastropod. The two assemblages are of low diversity (4 and 5 species, respectively), and are dominated by chemosymbiotic species whose occurrence is largely restricted to seeps. Despite their spatial and stratigraphic proximity, the two deposits share only a single species, Channelaxinus dinaricus, probably due to different fluid flux regimes at both seeps. The Buje seep assemblages are among the very few Late Cretaceous to Palaeogene chemosynthesis‐based faunal assemblages from the Tethys Ocean (the others being Late Cretaceous vent assemblages from Cyprus). From an evolutionary perspective, the Buje seep communities consist of genera with Mesozoic origins but lack Cenozoic novelties such as bathymodiolin mussels and vesicomyid clams, which are known from coeval deposits from the Pacific and dominate vents and seeps today. Thus, the Buje seep fauna support previous assertions that the Eocene Tethyan seep faunas preserved an ancient aspect, whereas evolutionary novelties arose in the Pacific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Alauddin Law Development Journal is the property of Alauddin Law Development Journal (ALDEV) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We provide evidence that risk aversion leads pharmaceutical firms to underinvest in radical innovation. We introduce a new measure of drug novelty based on chemical similarity and show that firms face a risk-reward trade-off: novel drug candidates are less likely to obtain FDA approval but are based on more valuable patents. Consistent with a simple model of costly external finance, we show that a positive shock to firms' net worth leads firms to develop more novel drugs. This suggests that even large firms may behave as though they are risk averse, reducing their willingness to investment in potentially valuable radical innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We test how market overvaluation affects corporate innovation. Estimated stock overvaluation is strongly associated with measures of innovative inventiveness (novelty, originality, and scope), as well as research and development (R&D) and innovative output (patent and citation counts). Misvaluation affects R&D more via a nonequity channel than via equity issuance. The sensitivity of innovative inventiveness to misvaluation increases with share turnover and overvaluation. The frequency of exceptionally high innovative inputs/outputs increases with overvaluation. This evidence suggests that market overvaluation may generate social value by increasing innovative output and encouraging firms to engage in "moon shots." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Judgment 582/2023 of 20 April held that an investment agreement clause guaranteeing a new shareholder a minimum investment return constitutes prohibited financial assistance. The Supreme Court therefore confirms that the restrictive interpretation of a prohibitive rule does not extend, in particular, to interpreting the forms in which prohibitive financial assistance can be granted, which are open-ended under the Spanish Companies Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to examine the novelties in the latest edition of the IVS (issued by IVSC and published in the UK by Page Bros, Norwich) and to make a connection with the Bulgarian Valuation Standards (BVS), their update, as well as the overall improvement of the appraisal practice in our country. The IVS are the basis for professional valuation practice on a global scale. They are also a foundation for European Valuation Standards (EVS), The European Business Valuation Standards (EBVS), several other current valuation standards around the world and the BVS and the Bulgarian valuation practice. The new highlights of the IVS are mainly related to changes in the market environment, the development and needs of the valuation profession, and the challenges faced by professional valuers of assets, liabilities and businesses. The scope of the research corresponds to the used bibliography sources, including, in addition to the IVS, but also other leading valuation standards worldwide and mainly in Europe, Asia and North America, the professional organization of valuers in the country, namely the Chamber of Independent Appraisers in Bulgaria (CIAB), domestic regulations, the Independent Valuers Act (IVA), BVS, the development of appraisal activity in our country over the last 30 years, as well as the activities of major international appraiser organizations, including the latest editions of the best authors in the world in the field of asset appraisal and businesses appraisal. The research is mainly limited to the latest editions of the IVS and BVS, as well as the valuation activity in our country since 1992. The design and layout of the article include the main points regarding the emergence of the appraisal profession in our country, the presentation in chronological order of the main stages of development, including the timetable-type figure, tables, as well as the presentation of the novelties in the IVS effective from 31 January 2022. The methodology used includes a historical approach, a systematic approach, a method of analysis and synthesis, and a method of induction and deduction. Empirical research methods applied are survey, observation, comparison and measurement, and statistical and descriptive methods of analysis. The findings, practical implementations (consequences) and originality in the research are determined by the type of the researched matter, its poor knowledge in our country, and the good international practices that can be imposed in the assessment guild in Bulgaria, which in turn are largely related to some gaps in our regulations, the evaluation standards and the activity of the CIAB. Logically, the main conclusion is formed at the end of the article, which mainly covers the possible change in the BVS based on the International evaluation standards, which would have a positive impact on the evaluation practice in Bulgaria in general.

The article focuses on responding to the arguments put forth in "The Executive Power of Removal," which asserts that the President's power to remove executive officers is exclusive, textually mandated, and a matter of common assent at the time of the Founding. Topics include the author critique the lack of evidence and novelty in the arguments presented and highlight the Supreme Court's increasing embrace of a unitary theory of Article II, despite scholarly weaknesses in the piece.

Copyright of Revista de Derecho de la Seguridad Social, Laborum is the property of Ediciones Laborum S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines how path dependencies in evaluation routines affect a brokerage firm’s decision to provide coverage to a company that builds on new knowledge. Companies depend on brokerage firms to gain access to external resources, as a brokerage firm’s coverage is a valuable form of recognition that may lower a company’s cost of capital and increase its value. Yet path dependencies in a brokerage firm’s evaluation routines may make it less likely to cover a company whose inventive activities build on different knowledge than it used in the past. Using data on 183 U.S. publicly traded medical device companies from 1993 to 2006, we examine how a company’s use of new knowledge affects a brokerage firm’s decision to cover the company. Our results suggest that a company may face a tension between exploration and resource dependence, as after it overcomes internal path dependencies that hinder exploration and successfully uses new knowledge, it may still fail to gain the attention of outside organizations on which it depends to access relevant resources due to externally borne path dependencies in the routines these outside organizations use to evaluate novelty. Also, in contrast with existing literature suggesting that brokerage firms have homogenous expectations for which strategies are appropriate for different types of companies, our results highlight that brokerage firms differ in how they respond to companies’ inventive activities based on factors such as their prior exposure to new knowledge, prior evaluation of the companies’ downstream product markets, and scope of technological expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parmenides introduces two "novelties" which will remain forever as the pillars of "philosophy": the certainty that, if there are ὄντα (who could deny it?) it is because there is εἶναι; and the necessity of following a "method" in order to come to know. The very narrow limits of this article prevent us from dealing with the first question. On the other hand, we try to justify the second. The notion of path (= method) is fundamental in Parmenides (the notion, represented by 7 different words, appears 21 times in the recovered fragments of his Poem). Now, a way supposes a traveler, a guide and a goal to reach. According to the dichotomous scheme of his thought, there is for Parmenides a "good" path (traveled by a future philosopher, guided by the Heliads and the Goddess and whose goal is the truth) and a "bad" path (traveled by the mortals "who know nothing", guided by a wandering thought and which advances without precise direction). These two paths are opposed in fr. 6, where the Goddess says that, unlike (δέ) the path of mortals, the κέλευθος of all that are, is παλίντροπος, for it has to necessarily reach the starting point, which is the κέλευθος πειθοῦς of verse 2.5. Fr. 5 ("It is common (ξυνόν δέ) for me from where (ὁππόθεν) I begin, for I shall return to it again" [πάλιν]) confirms this assumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: How do incumbents respond to a market information regime change? We employ literatures on product portfolio strategies and capability adaptation to analyze the information regime change induced by the advent of streaming in the U.S. music industry. Our findings highlight that an information change impacts the strategy of organizations. We observe that the inclusion of streaming reveals increasing demand for novelty and variety. Finally, we identify breadth of experience as a driver of the type of innovation adopted. Incumbents with broader experience proliferate across‐niches. Incumbents with focused experience increase the novelty of their offerings. Overall, incumbents with higher breadth of experience perform better. We discuss the implications of these results in literatures of environmental changes, capability adaptation, product proliferation, and democratization induced by new technologies. Managerial Summary: In several industries, rankings influence firms' decisions. Recently, many of these rankings have experienced changes to account for new demand behavior induced by digitization. We study the introduction of streaming into the Hot 100 Billboard music chart in the U.S. We find that the inclusion of streaming reveals more demand for novelty and variety. Also, we show that firms respond differently to this information change and their response depends on their experience breadth, that is the capability to address different market segments at the same time. Music labels with broader experience are capable of addressing the new demand, while those with limited experience bet on novelty as a way to defend their niche. Overall, the music labels with higher breadth of experience are the ones that perform better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interview with María Dolores Pascual Vallés, President of the Ebro Hydrographic Confederation is presented. Topics include talks about several lines of work of the Ebro Hydrographic Confederation and examines what would they highlight as novelties in this new third planning cycle that is about to be approved.

Many industrial processes exhibit multiple in-control signatures, where signal data vary over time without affecting the final product quality. They are known as multimode processes. With regard to profile monitoring methodologies, the existence of multiple in-control patterns entails the study and development of novel monitoring schemes. We propose a method based on coupling curve classification and monitoring that inherits the so-called 'multi-modelling framework'. The goal is to design a monitoring tool that is able to automatically adapt the control chart parameters to the current operating mode. The proposed approach allows assessing which mode new data belong to before applying a control chart to determine if they are actually in control or not. Contrary to mainstream multi-modelling techniques, we propose extending the classification step to include a novelty detection capability, in order to deal with the possible occurrence of in-control operating modes during the design phase that were not observed previously. The functional data depth paradigm is proposed to design both the curve classification and the novelty detection algorithm. A simulation study is presented to demonstrate the performances of the proposed methodology, which is compared against benchmark methods. A real case study is presented too, which consists of a multimode end-milling process, where different operating conditions yield different cutting force profile patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The food industry is growing vastly, with an increasing number of food products and the demand of consumers to have safe and pathogen-free food with an extended shelf life for consumption. It is critical to have food safe from pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and unpleasant odors or tastes so that the food may not cause any health risks to consumers. Currently, the direction of food industry has been shifting from synthetically produced preservatives to natural preservatives to lower the unnecessary chemical burden on health. Many new technologies are working on natural prevention tools against food degradation. Lemongrass is one such natural preservative that possesses significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The essential oil of lemongrass contains a series of terpenes that are responsible for these activities. These properties make lemongrass acceptable in the food industry and may fulfill consumer demands. This article provides detailed information about the role of lemongrass and its essential oil in food preservation. The outcomes of the research on lemongrass offer room for its new technological applications in food preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differences in effect estimates between early primary trials included in a meta-analysis and the pooled estimate of meta-analysis might indicate potential novelty bias. The objective of this study was to assess the presence of novelty bias in a sample of studies published in periodontology and implant dentistry. On August 7, 2020, we searched the PubMed database for meta-analyses of clinical studies published between August 2015 and August 2020. Meta-analyses with at least 4 primary studies were selected for assessment. We fitted logistic regression models using trial characteristics as predictors to assess the association between these characteristics and 1) the odds of the first trial's estimate to be included in the meta-analysis confidence interval (CI) and 2) the odds of overlap between the first trial's CI and the meta-analysis prediction interval (PI). Ninety-two meta-analyses provided data for assessment. In absolute values, 70% of the meta-analyses have a pooled estimate smaller than the corresponding estimate of the first trial, although there was overlap of the CI of estimates from the first trial and the meta-analysis in 87% of the cases. This is probably due to the small number of trials in most meta-analyses and the subsequently large uncertainty associated with the pooled effect estimate. As the number of trials in the meta-analysis increased, the odds of the treatment effect estimate of the first trial to be included in the meta-analysis CI decreased by 15% for every additional trial (odds ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.96). Meta-analytic effect estimates appear to be more conservative than those from the first trial in the meta-analysis. Our findings show evidence of novelty bias in periodontology and implant dentistry; therefore, clinicians should be aware of the risk of making decisions based on the information reported in new trials because of the risk of exaggerated estimates in these trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that on July 16, the Holy Father published the Motu proprio Traditionis custodes, an apostolic letter in the form of a motu proprio on the use of the Roman liturgy prior to 1970, accompanied by a letter explaining the reasons for his decision. Topics incldue considered that there are several the main novelties.

Recent work has established a framework for explaining the origin of cognitive novelties—qualitatively distinct cognitive traits—in human beings. This niche construction approach argues that humans engineer epistemic environments in ways that facilitate the ontogenetic and phylogenetic development of such novelties. I here argue that attention to the organized relations between content-carrying informational vehicles, or informational form, is key to a valuable explanatory strategy within this project, what I call structural-causal explanations. Drawing on recent work from Cecilia Heyes, and developing a case study around a novel mathematical capacity, I demonstrate how structural-causal explanations can contribute to the niche construction approach by underwriting the application of explanatory tools and generating new empirical targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Research summary: Deliberate cognition is an important mechanism for overcoming inertia. Yet, the precise nature of cognition that propels decision‐makers to endorse novelty is not well understood. We propose that expertise distance is a fundamental force shaping decision‐makers' willingness to invest in novelty. We further suggest that the level of mental construal through which information is processed moderates the effect of expertise distance on investment propensity, principally by changing decision‐makers' perceptions of an idea's novelty and usefulness. We test our theory in two studies. Study 1 is a field study of 120 decision‐makers considering a novel technological idea—quantum key distribution. Study 2 is an experiment that conceptually replicates our first study. Our findings contribute to the debate on strategic cognition and the microfoundations of strategic adaptation. Managerial summary: While the pursuit of novel technological ideas is the driving force of sustained competitive advantage, managers often reject novel ideas in favor of more familiar ones. How then can managers who are out of their depth with a novel technology make sense of it without rejecting it outright? Some suggest that managers should mentally extrapolate from prior experiences with similar ideas. Yet, such extrapolation is impossible when ideas are truly novel and no previous experience with related ideas can be called upon. We resolve this issue by showing that the level at which managers who are unfamiliar with a novel technological idea mentally process it (abstract versus concrete) influences their perceptions of the idea's novelty and usefulness, which, in turn, influences their propensity to invest. https://youtu.be/77B8S6fEAzU [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: Personality change is a growing field of interest, but relatively few studies have examined causes of change in Openness. We investigated whether it is possible to influence state Openness, and through what mechanisms this effect may occur. Method: In two experiments (Study 1: N = 144, Mage = 36.4, 58% female, 88% White; Study 2: N = 269, Mage = 34.0, 60% female, 91% White), participants reflected on and wrote about a personal experience requested to be either: nostalgic; positive and novel (Study 1); positive or novel (Study 2); or ordinary. They rated the events for nostalgia, positivity, novelty, and sociality, and completed measures of state positive affect, self‐esteem, social connectedness, meaning in life, and state Openness. Results: Participants who recalled positive and/or novel events reported greater state Openness than those who recalled ordinary events. In Study 1, this also applied to those recalling nostalgic events. Event ratings of positivity (both studies), nostalgia and novelty (Study 2) independently predicted state Openness. State positive affect and self‐esteem were independent predictors in both studies, suggesting possible indirect paths. Conclusions: Reflecting on nostalgic, positive, and novel experiences can increase state Openness. This finding may be useful for interventions targeting trait‐level change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last few years, there have been many novelties in the labour market in the offshore sector, which have resulted in a number of events and changes in the DPO (Dynamic Positioning Operator) certification. The following work is aimed at presenting and comparing the DNV (previously: DNV GL - Det Norske Veritas Germanischer Lloyd, the name changed on 1st of March 2021) competitive offer in relation to the still recent monopoly on the offshore market - Nautical Institute. Within the next few years, we can expect a significant strengthening on the market of the certification system offered by DNV, which is more dispersed, specialised and attractive both for shipowners and future DPOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The food industry is growing vastly, with an increasing number of food products and the demand of consumers to have safe and pathogen-free food with an extended shelf life for consumption. It is critical to have food safe from pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and unpleasant odors or tastes so that the food may not cause any health risks to consumers. Currently, the direction of food industry has been shifting from synthetically produced preservatives to natural preservatives to lower the unnecessary chemical burden on health. Many new technologies are working on natural prevention tools against food degradation. Lemongrass is one such natural preservative that possesses significant antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. The essential oil of lemongrass contains a series of terpenes that are responsible for these activities. These properties make lemongrass acceptable in the food industry and may fulfill consumer demands. This article provides detailed information about the role of lemongrass and its essential oil in food preservation. The outcomes of the research on lemongrass offer room for its new technological applications in food preservation.

In these pages we make a first approximation of the aerostatic events in Buenos Aires during the first half of the 19th century. Understood as public performances inscribed in an urban space undergoing reconfiguration, it is possible to notice in the gradual incorporation of the air a social vocation for questioning the inhabitants of the city. To account for this course we examine from the germinal inscriptions of the montgolfieras in the local imagination in the 1820s to the first manned balloon experience carried out by Bartolomé Lartet in 1856. We observe the trajectory of these exhibitions as instances that condense expressions and wishes community among which it is possible to glimpse social and political concerns. In this way, the senses associated with the hot air balloon allow us to see a latent incorporation of modern ideology based on novelty, the valuation of reckless actions and a new sensory stimulation of the inhabitant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2022, the 5th edition of the WHO classification of Head and Neck tumors was published online. In the salivary gland chapter, a new benign entity, the keratocystoma, was introduced. The sclerosing polycystic adenosis has been recognized as tumoral and is now termed sclerosing polycystic adenoma. The striated duct adenoma now has its own dedicated chapter. Additionally, a new variant of pleomorphic adenoma, termed "canalicular adenoma-like," has been incorporated. Regarding malignant tumors of the salivary glands, significant doubts now exist regarding the actual existence of oncocytic carcinoma, which has been reclassified among emerging entities. Two new malignant entities have also emerged: microsecretory adenocarcinoma and microcystic sclerosing adenocarcinoma. Finally, primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands has been acknowledged as a distinct entity., (Copyright © 2024 The Author. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

This 12-year study was conducted to evaluate the performance of new plum cultivars from the Czech Republic. A new cultivar, 'Stáňa', was the most productive, followed by 'Kamir' and the standard cultivar 'Stanley'. The new plum cultivar 'Stáňa' also had the highest mean yield per cubic meter of tree canopy. Next in order of production efficiency were 'Stanley', 'Amátka', 'Kamir' and 'Čačanska lepotica'. According to canopy volume, the most vigorous cultivar was 'Kamir' followed by 'Samera' and 'Stáňa'. The least vigorous was 'Dwarf', having a canopy volume distinctly smaller than 'Amátka', which was next in the order. The shape of tree canopies ranged from 'Dwarf', which had the most upright canopy, to 'Simona' with a more distinctly overhanging canopy at the opposite extreme. The highest percentages of fruiting on first and second year wood were observed on trees of 'Simona' and 'Čačanska lepotica'.

The paper presents the author's assessment of the latest novels of the criminal law in the field of offsetting the time of detention in the term of the sentence imposed. The attention is drawn to the incompatibility of several provisions of the Article 72 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with the principle of justice, that is a consequence of the lack of a systematic approach to amending and supplementing the criminal law. On the one hand, the article 72 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the new edition improved the situation of convicted persons, but on the other hand, the recent changes and additions put a number of convicts in an unequal position.

The work aims to analyze the motivations that led family farmers to undertake the transition from the modernized to the organic production system and to understand the types and effects of the novelties built along their trajectory in the activity of organic milk. The investigation was carried out with nine family farmers and eight technicians from different institutions and organizations that accompany and assist the families, totaling 17 semi-structured interviews (with qualitative and quantitative data collection), covering nine municipalities, all belonging to the Far West Region of Santa Catarina (REOC). To achieve this objective, the theoretical perspective mobilized was the Multilevel and Co-Evolutionary (PMN) and the notion of novelties in rural and regional development. As relevant results and conclusions, the investigation points out that the main motivations of farmers to make the transition from the modernized to the organic system are the frequent problems with contamination with pesticides, the low income earned and the environmental unsustainability of the production processes. As for the types of novelties, the research showed that in the trajectory of development of the Organic Milk Productive System (SPLO), three interconnected sets of novelties were built, the productive, technological and environmental. The main effects of these three types of novelties in SPLO are the increase in economic income from the experiences and the levels of environmental sustainability of the farmers production and work process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular techniques are currently the leading tools for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships, but our understanding of ancestral, plesiomorphic and apomorphic characters requires the study of the morphology of extant forms for testing these phylogenies and for reconstructing character evolution. This review highlights the potential of soft body morphology for inferring the evolution and phylogeny of the lophotrochozoan phylum Bryozoa. This colonial taxon comprises aquatic coelomate filter‐feeders that dominate many benthic communities, both marine and freshwater. Despite having a similar bauplan, bryozoans are morphologically highly diverse and are represented by three major taxa: Phylactolaemata, Stenolaemata and Gymnolaemata. Recent molecular studies resulted in a comprehensive phylogenetic tree with the Phylactolaemata sister to the remaining two taxa, and Stenolaemata (Cyclostomata) sister to Gymnolaemata. We plotted data of soft tissue morphology onto this phylogeny in order to gain further insights into the origin of morphological novelties and character evolution in the phylum. All three larger clades have morphological apomorphies assignable to the latest molecular phylogeny. Stenolaemata (Cyclostomata) and Gymnolaemata were united as monophyletic Myolaemata because of the apomorphic myoepithelial and triradiate pharynx. One of the main evolutionary changes in bryozoans is a change from a body wall with two well‐developed muscular layers and numerous retractor muscles in Phylactolaemata to a body wall with few specialized muscles and few retractors in the remaining bryozoans. Such a shift probably pre‐dated a body wall calcification that evolved independently at least twice in Bryozoa and resulted in the evolution of various hydrostatic mechanisms for polypide protrusion. In Cyclostomata, body wall calcification was accompanied by a unique detachment of the peritoneum from the epidermis to form the hydrostatic membraneous sac. The digestive tract of the Myolaemata differs from the phylactolaemate condition by a distinct ciliated pylorus not present in phylactolaemates. All bryozoans have a mesodermal funiculus, which is duplicated in Gymnolaemata. A colonial system of integration (CSI) of additional, sometimes branching, funicular cords connecting neighbouring zooids via pores with pore‐cell complexes evolved at least twice in Gymnolaemata. The nervous system in all bryozoans is subepithelial and concentrated at the lophophoral base and the tentacles. Tentacular nerves emerge intertentacularly in Phylactolaemata whereas they partially emanate directly from the cerebral ganglion or the circum‐oral nerve ring in myolaemates. Overall, morphological evidence shows that ancestral forms were small, colonial coelomates with a muscular body wall and a U‐shaped gut with ciliary tentacle crown, and were capable of asexual budding. Coloniality resulted in many novelties including the origin of zooidal polymorphism, an apomorphic landmark trait of the Myolaemata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Food neophobia, i.e. the avoidance of novel foods, is common in ruminants and may provide a biologically relevant and practical way to test individual responses to novelty or challenge. We aimed to determine if behavioural responses in a food neophobia test (exposure to a novel total mixed ration) reflected boldness and exploratory personality traits derived from 3 traditional tests (open field, novel human and novel object) in dairy calves. We performed two Principal Component Analyses, one using behaviours from 3 traditional tests (3 factors: 'Bold', 'Exploratory' and 'Active'), and one using behaviours from the food neophobia test (3 factors: 'Eating', 'Inspecting', and 'Avoidance'). A regression analysis determined if individual factor scores from the food neophobia test predicted factor scores from the traditional tests. Contrary to our expectations, 'Avoidance' (latencies to approach and eat the novel food) did not predict boldness trait, and the factors 'Inspecting' (time spent inspecting food and empty buckets) and 'Eating' (time spent eating food and total intake) did not predict exploration trait, but they did predict active trait. These results suggest that the food neophobia test in our study resulted in context-specific behaviours, or that behavioural responses to a novel food present different underlying personality traits. The application of food neophobia to assess specific or generalized personality traits of dairy calves deserves further work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Flora Montibérica is the property of Flora Montiberica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)