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Introduction: Non-traumatic back pain constitutes roughly 5% of the admissions to emergency departments. This study seeks to compare the efficacy of intravenously administered paracetamol, dexketoprofen, and ibuprofen in patients with non-traumatic acute low back pain. Methods: This study was designed as a randomized, double-blinded investigation and carried out at a tertiary hospital. 210 eligible patients without trauma who presented with low back pain were recruited for the study and randomized into paracetamol (n = 71), dexketoprofen (n = 70), and ibuprofen (n = 69) groups. The measurements at 0, 15, 30 and 60 min were noted down by using a 100 mm VAS, and the relevant comparisons were made. Results: The VAS scores at 0 and 60 min in the paracetamol, dexketoprofen, and ibuprofen groups decreased on average by 40 mm, 42 mm, and 43 mm, respectively. The baseline and final pain scores of each drug group differed significantly (p < 0.05), though the between-group analysis revealed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Given the obtained data, we did not note a significant difference between intravenous paracetamol, dexketoprofen and ibuprofen with respect to pain efficacy in non-traumatic acute low back pain. Based on the patients' clinical conditions and histories, we concluded that the choice of medication might not change the efficacy of the treatment and patient comfort. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.

Pulmonary embolism is a common cardiovascular emergency. In case of delayed diagnosis and treatment morbidity and mortality is high. In this report, we presented a case of pulmonary embolism without apparent risk factors, which was initially misdiagnosed as peri/myocarditis. © 2022 Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia.

BACKGROUND: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used in the treatment of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and it can cause serious adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and side effects of ibuprofen in the treatment of ARF compared to the classic treatment, ASA. METHODS: Children who were hospitalized for the treatment of ARF with isolated arthritis and mild carditis between October 2015 and October 2018 and who received non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy were evaluated in the study. We compared the demographic data, clinical findings, efficacy, and side effects of the treatments of the children, who were divided into ASA and ibuprofen groups. RESULTS: Of the 38 patients included in the study, 21 were treated with ASA (ASA group), and 17 were given ibuprofen (IBU group). There was no difference between the groups regarding the length of hospital stay, total treatment time, time to resolution of clinical symptoms, and normalization of acute-phase reactants. Liver enzymes increased during treatment in 13 patients (62%) in the ASA group and three patients (18%) in the IBU group (P?=?0.009). In the ASA group, 69% of patients with increased liver enzymes were under 11?years of age during treatment. Clinical side effects were observed in three patients in the ASA group while none were observed in the IBU group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that ibuprofen can be a safe alternative in the treatment of ARF, especially in young children. Although ibuprofen can be a safe and effective alternative to ASA, studies including larger series are needed on this subject. © 2022 Japan Pediatric Society.

Background and objectives Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with AKI. Their association with nephrotic syndrome has not been systematically studied. This study aimed to assess the risk of nephrotic syndrome associated with NSAID use. Design, setting, participants, & measurements A matched case-control study was performed in the UK primary care database. Cases were patients with a first diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome and controls were those without nephrotic syndrome. NSAID exposure (grouped either based on cyclooxygenase enzyme selectivity and chemical groups) was classified as either current (use at the nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date and corresponding date in the control group), recent, or past use. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using unconditional logistic regression analysis. Results We included 2620 cases and 10,454 controls. Compared with non-use, current use of 15–28 days and >28 days of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome: adjusted OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.70, and OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.79 to 2.55, respectively. Also, recent use (discontinuation 1–2 months before nephrotic syndrome diagnosis date; OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.15) and past use (discontinuation 2 months-2 years; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.43), but not current use of 2 years; OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.09) were associated with a higher relative risk of nephrotic syndrome as well as past use of selective COX-2 inhibitors (discontinuation 2–24 months; OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.58). Categorization based on chemical groups showed that acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives were associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome. Conclusions The use of conventional NSAIDs was associated with a higher risk of nephrotic syndrome starting from at least 2 weeks of exposure, as well as for recent and past exposure up to 2 years before the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. This higher risk appeared mainly attributable to acetic acid and propionic acid derivatives.

BACKGROUND NSAIDs are the most common agents used in dysmenorrhea treatment. They reduce menstrual pain by reducing uterine pressure and PGF2alpha levels in the menstrual fluid. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of piroxicam and diclofenac sodium as treatments for primary dysmenorrhea. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted using a randomized and double-blind method. Patients with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores greater than 5 were accepted into the study. The patients who were suitable for inclusion were randomized into 2 groups and received either intramuscular piroxicam or diclofenac sodium. The patients' pain levels were measured at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. A VAS of 10 cm, a numeric scale, a verbal scale, and additional symptoms, as well as pain relapse after 24 hours and required analgesics, were recorded. RESULTS The study included 400 patients. Overall, 200 patients (50%) were in the proxicam group, and 200 patients were in the diclofenac sodium group. The average decrease on the VAS after piroxicam or diclofenac administration was measured as 7.9±1.8 cm and 7.9±1.7 cm (median ± standard deviation), respectively. The pain-reducing efficiency of all the treatments was compared using the Mann-Whitney U test (p=0.929). Rescue medication was needed for 25 patients in the proxicam group (p=0.014). Overall, 30 patients in the proxicam group and 41 patients in the proxicam group needed analgesics again in the 24-hour period after treatment (p=0.150). CONCLUSIONS At the end of our study, it was observed that there was no difference in the results of primary dysmenorrhea treatment with 20 mg piroxicam or 75 mg diclofenac sodium.

BACKGROUND Diffuse fasciitis with psoriatic arthritis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been previously described in childhood. Here we present the first case report of a pediatric patient developing fasciitis, beyond plantar fasciitis, with psoriatic arthritis. CASE SUMMARY An 11-year-old female was admitted with the complaints of psoriatic rash on the body associated with severe pain in the lower extremities and arthritis in the right knee. Psoriasis was confirmed by skin biopsy, she diagnosed with juvenile psoriatic arthritis. Diagnostic tests did not indicate any pathology except MRI. MRI of the femur and tibia revealed that high-signal inflammatory changes in the subdermal fascia. These findings led to a diagnosis of psoriatic fasciitis. Methotrexate was given for 3 mo but the patient showed no response to therapy; therefore, etanercept was added. However, there was no response to treatment. Etanercept was switched to adalimumab at the sixth month of therapy. Clinical improvement started with therapy of adalimumab within one month. Fasciitis finding in MRI disappeared at seventh months on adalimumab therapy. She has no complaint for two years with adalimumab. CONCLUSION The most effective imaging method is MRI and adalimumab may be the best choice of treatment for psoriatic fasciitis. © The Author(s) 2019.

Although we tend to be reluctant in exposing mother and child to drugs, treatment with medicinal products during pregnancy cannot always be avoided. In the past decades several safety issues occurred that highlighted the need for special attention for the use of medicinal products during pregnancy. Whether or not a drug causes a potential teratogenic effect depends on several factors. Moreover, effects may be visible at birth, but may also become apparent later in life, among which developmental disorders. Before marketing of a drug the information about the safety in pregnancy is sparse and mainly limited to animal studies and scarce observational data. Clinical trials carried out before marketing, rarely include pregnant women, except when the product is specifically intended to be used in pregnancy. For the most part, effects of drug use during pregnancy can only be identified after marketing of the drug and when used by pregnant women. The optimal method for evaluating the risk of exposure to drugs in pregnancy strongly depends on the stage of drug development. Preapproval data on risks during pregnancy is limited and most information in this phase comes from embryo-fetal toxicity studies in animals. In the post-marketing phase observational studies are preferred. Next to the clinical presentation, epidemiology, and mechanisms of congenital malformations, the most prominent study types used in the premarketing phase; case reports and case series, cohort- and case control studies, will be discussed. Subsequently, possible ways to study the safety of drugs after marketing will be highlighted as well as current regulations for monitoring drug safety during pregnancy will be addressed.

The coordination polymer CPO-27-Mg was rapidly synthesized under microwave irra-diation. This material exhibits a sufficiently high drug loading towards aspirin (~8% wt.) and paracetamol (~14% wt.). The binding of these two molecules with the inner surface of the metal-organic framework was studied employing the Gaussian and Plane Wave approach of the Density Functional Theory. The structure of CPO-27-Mg persists after the adsorption of aspirin or paracetamol and their desorption energies, being quite high, decrease under solvent conditions. © 2021 by the authors. Li-censee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

WOS: 000574427300001 Objectives: This study aims to explore the accordance to the 2018 European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of hand osteoarthritis (OA) among the Turkish League Against Rheumatism (TLAR) expert panel and composition of TLAR recommendations for the management of hand OA under guidance of the current literature. Materials and methods: The TLAR convener designated an expert panel of 10 physicians experienced in hand OA for this process. The 2018 EULAR recommendations for the management of hand OA and the systematic review of the literature were sent to the expert panel via e-mails. The e-mail process which included Delphi round surveys was completed. The EULAR standard operational procedure Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II was followed. The level of agreement was calculated for each item and presented as mean, standard deviations, minimum and maximum and comparisons of 2018 EULAR recommendations were performed. Results: Five overarching principles and 10 recommendations were discussed. Revisions were held for the sixth, seventh, and ninth recommendations with lowest level of agreements. These recommendations were revised in accordance with suggestions from the experts and re-voted. The revised forms were approved despite the lack of statistically significant difference between these forms (p=0.400, p=0.451, p=0.496, respectively). Except for the ninth recommendation about surgery (p=0.008), no significant difference in level of agreements was observed between the EULAR and TLAR hand OA recommendations. The 11th recommendation about paraffin bath was added. Conclusion: The optimal treatment of hand OA consists of personalized non-pharmacological (self-management, exercise, splint), pharmacological (topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as the first choke), and interventional procedures (only for refractory cases) based on shared decision between the patient and physician. TLAR hand OA recommendations were created mainly based on the most recent literature and the last EULAR hand OA management recommendations, which are widely approved among the TLAR experts.

Background The association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontitis remains unclear. Methods We studied oral health and periodontitis in a population-based case-control study of individuals with ≥10 remaining teeth ≥61 years of age and either with, or without a diagnosis of RA. 126 dentate individuals with RA were recruited together with age-matched control individuals without RA. The control individuals were recruited from the general population from the same city (n = 249). A dental examination including a panoramic radiograph was performed on all participants. All individuals with RA were examined and medical records were reviewed by a rheumatologist. In the control group, none of the participants presented with symptoms of RA and their medical records were also negative. Results The RA group included more women (66.7% vs. 55.8%) (p p p = 0.001). Binary logistic regression analysis identified that a BMI > 25 (OR 6.2, 95% CI 3.6, 10.5, p = 0.000), periodontitis (OR 2.5 95% CI 1.5, 4.2 p = 0.000), and female gender (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.3–4.0, p = 0.003) were associated with RA. Conclusion RA was associated a diagnosis of periodontitis.

OBJECTIVES The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), mostly used for postoperative analgesic purposes for wound healing, is still a matter of debate. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of the most widely used NSAID and corticosteroids after surgical operations on tracheal wound healing in an experimental rat model. METHODS Thirty-nine male Wistar albino rats were included in this study. Tracheotomy was performed in 32 rats; then they were divided into 3 groups. After the first day, the animals in group 1 were treated with an NSAID (diclofenac 10 mg/kg/day) (NSAID, n = 12) for 7 days; the animals in group 2 were treated with a corticosteroid (dexamethasone, 2 × 0.1 mg/kg/day) (steroid, n = 10) for 7 days; the animals in group 3 (control, n = 10) were not given any medications. For a fourth group (histological control, n = 7), in order to evaluate normal morphological and histological characteristics, neither surgery nor medication was used. Five rats were eliminated from the study (2 rats in the NSAID group died and 3 rats in the steroid group developed local wound infections). The drop-out rate was 12.8%. Histological characteristics, inflammation, fibrosis, necrosis, neochondrogenesis, neovascularization and epithelization were evaluated in 34 rats. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Inflammation, vascularization and number of fibroblasts and chondrocytes were significantly higher in the control group than in the histological control group. There was some reduction in all parameters except vascularization in the NSAID group (P > 0.05). When the steroid group was compared to the NSAID group, inflammation (P 0.05) were more suppressed in the steroid group. The number of fibroblasts increased in the steroid group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Steroids and NSAID may have negative effects on tracheal wound healing, probably by suppressing inflammation and fibroblast proliferation. NSAID was mostly used postoperatively for analgesic purposes and should be avoided.

Background: Previous studies of soft tissue infiltration in hip arthroplasty present variable results. The purpose of this study is to identify whether injection of an analgesic mixture improves pain management during the immediate post-operative period. Materials and methods: This cohort study compared 129 patients that received peri-articular soft tissue injection with 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and 2 ml of ketorolac (30 mg/1 ml) in 28 ml of saline solution, with 71 patients who did not received injections. Pain intensity in the Verbal Analog Scale (VAS), opioid titration, and consumption (mg morphine equivalents) in the post-anaesthetic care unit (PACU) and during the first post-operative day were assessed for both groups. All patients received the same analgesia protocol. Results: Median VAS score in the PACU was 4 (IQR 2–7) in the injection group and 7 (IQR 4–8) in the non-injection group (p = 0.001). Median opioid titration was 0 mg for the injection group and 2.6 mg for the non-injection group (p = 0.011). In the first post-operative day, the difference in VAS scores between groups was statistically significant (p = 0.009), but there was no difference in opioid consumption. Conclusion: Soft tissue injection with local anesthetics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs allows adequate pain control in the immediate post-operative period and reduces the requirement for opioid consumption. We recommend the implementation of this safe and effective strategy in post-operative pain management after primary hip arthroplasty. Level of evidence: Level II, cohort study. © 2018, SICOT aisbl.

Introduction Rapidly destructive osteoarthritis is characterized by a severe destruction of the hip joint developing over short periods of time. However, to date, there is no agreement on the biological process that triggers this condition. The aim of this report is to present a case of rapidly destructive osteoarthritis. Case report We report a case of a 76 year-old female who presented with hip pain of sudden onset and normal X-rays. Six weeks later she presented with increased pain intensity, functional limitation and evidence of a collapse of the femoral head in the X-rays. Discussion Rapidly destructive osteoarthritis of the hip is a complex entity that might be more frequent than previously described and which clinical course could vary between few weeks and several months. In order to make an accurate diagnosis, other causes of massive destruction of the joint should be excluded.

Introduction Solitary ulcers in the colon are rare and infrequent; little over 200 cases have been reported in medical literature. We present a case of a patient presenting with a solitary colonic ulcer associated with NSAIDs intake, mimicking a malignant lesion. A review of the literature is also revised. Presentation of case 68- year-old female patient with past history of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) intake for chronic pain, complaining of severe abdominal pain was admitted to our teaching hospital. The diagnosis of a low-grade dysplasia was made with colonoscopy and biopsy, a malignant lesion could not be ruled out. A laparoscopy right colectomy was performed without complications. The final diagnosis resulted in a solitary cecal ulcer. Discussion The majority of the cases of solitary colonic ulcers occur in the ascending colon, at the cecum, which has been attributed mostly to the intake of NSAIDs. There could be solitary colonic ulcers in other portions of the large intestine, caused by different etiologies: ischemia, inflammatory disease, sterocoraceus ulcers, ulcers caused by infections, among other more uncommon causes. The diagnosis is often made through a biopsy of the tissue during a colonoscopy, with either surgical or conservative care. Conclusion The diagnosis of solitary cecal ulcer should be considered in patients presenting with RLQ abdominal pain and with history of NSAIDs consumption. Recognition of this diagnosis by surgeons, ruling out malignancies, understanding the morphologic features, and carefully taking the patient's history are essential for the diagnosis and treatment of this uncommon disease., Highlights • We present a case report of a 68- year-old female patient with a solitary cecum ulcer, mimicking a carcinoma. • Little over 200 cases have been reported in medical literature. • The most common cause of this ethology is: NSAIDs consumption. • The gold standard for diagnostic is colonoscopy, taking a biopsy in order to rule out malignancies.

Background: The relationship of 5-aminosalicylates’ use with the risk of colorectal neoplasia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been the focus of a growing body of research. Aim: To investigate this association through an updated meta-analysis of observational studies. Methods: PubMed, Scopus and major conference proceedings were searched up to December 2016. The identified studies were evaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity. Pooled relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated using random-effect models. Detailed subgroup analyses were performed. The GRADE approach was used to assess the quality of evidence. Results: Thirty-one independent observational studies including 2137 cases of colorectal neoplasia (of which 76% were cancers) were incorporated. Between-study heterogeneity was moderate, while strong suspicion of small-study effects was raised. The overall analysis revealed a protective association between 5-aminosalicylates’ use and colorectal neoplasia (RR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.45–0.71). When the analysis was stratified according to study design and setting, the association was significant in cohort (RR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.99; n = 10) and case–control studies (RR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.40–0.70; n = 21), population-based (RR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.52–0.94; n = 12) and hospital-based studies (RR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.34–0.61; n = 19). Exposure to 5-aminosalicylates was protective against cancer (RR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.45–0.74) and dysplasia (RR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.35–0.84). The reduction in colorectal neoplasia risk was strong in ulcerative colitis (RR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.38–0.64), but nonsignificant in Crohn's disease (RR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.43–1.33). Mesalazine (mesalamine) use was protective (RR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51–0.94) with evidence of a dose-effect. The effect of sulfasalazine was marginally nonsignificant (RR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.51–1.01). Conclusions: Our findings support a potential chemopreventive role of 5-aminosalicylates in IBD. Further, high-quality prospective research is warranted. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 45 9 1179 1192

Purpose/Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Z-track technique in the administration of intramuscular diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on pain and drug leakage. Design: This is a semiexperimental and randomized controlled study. Methods: It was felt necessary to conduct this study to compare the effects on pain and drug leakage of the standard intramuscular injection method and the "Z-track technique,'' which is claimed to be helpful in this regard. The study was conducted in a government hospital in the Marmara region of Turkey. The research sample consisted of 60 patients, 26 female and 34 male, whose ages varied from 18 to 65 years. Sixty patients were randomly divided into 2 equal groups-the experimental group and the control group. The Z-track technique was used for intramuscular injection with the experimental group, whereas, with the control group, the standard technique of intramuscular injection was used. The patients of both groups were injected with 3-mL diclofenac sodium as prescribed by their doctor. Immediately after the procedure was finished and the needle was withdrawn, a different researcher used a 7 x 7-cm pre-prepared and sterilized standard drying paper to press on the needle entry point. The diameter of leakage was measured with a millimetric ruler and recorded on a data collection form. During this procedure, another nurse who was blind to the injection technique assessed the pain felt during the injection by means of the Visual Analog Scale. Results: In the experimental group, mean pain severity was found to be 28.30 +/- 23.0, and mean drug leakage was 6.93 +/- 4.62 mm, whereas, in the control group, these values were 36.40 +/- 28.40 and 10.03 +/- 3.69 mm, respectively. Conclusions: Drug leakage was reduced when administering intramuscular diclofenac sodium by the Z technique, but pain severity was not significantly reduced.

What is known and objective: Important risk factors and over-the-counter (OTC) dispensing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often not routinely recorded in electronic health records. This study aimed to assess the impact of patient's reports on these factors on the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for NSAID use. Methods: A nested case-control study was conducted among adults in the Utrecht Cardiovascular Pharmacogenetics study. Cases were patients with a first diagnosis of AMI as a hospital discharge diagnosis and controls were those without AMI. NSAID exposure was either current use of selective COX-2 inhibitors or conventional NSAIDs. Information was collected from The Dutch PHARMO Database Network (pharmacy records of drug dispensing linked to hospitalization records) and the patient's questionnaire (lifestyle factors, body mass index and history of cardiovascular diseases). Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and to control for confounding factors. Results: We identified 970 AMI cases and 2974 controls. Among cases, 11 (1.1%) and 185 (19.1%) were exposed to selective COX-2 inhibitors and conventional NSAIDs, respectively. Compared to non-use, none of these drug classes were associated with an increased risk of AMI (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.52-2.18 and 0.93, 95% CI: 0.77-1.12, respectively). Additional adjustment for potential confounders from patient's reports did not change the risk estimates (adjusted OR 1.08, 95% CI: 0.53-2.22 and 0.89, 95% CI: 0.73-1.09, respectively). What is new and conclusion: Additional confounding control for variables from self-reported data or considering self-reported OTC NSAID use did not change the risk estimates for the association between NSAIDs and AMI.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation between corneal involvement and anterior chamber flare using a laser flare meter in eyes with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Methods: A total of 82 eyes of 50 (32 female and 18 male) consecutive patients with epidemic keratoconjuctivitis were evaluated. Besides complete opthalmic examination, anterior chamber flare measurements with laser flare meter (FM 600, Kowa, Kowa Company Ltd., Nagoya, Japan) were performed. The relationship between corneal involvement, subepithelial deposits, and anterior chamber flare was assessed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 36.32 ± 18.77 (range 4–75) years and the mean duration of complaints was 5.28 ± 2.65 (range 1–12) days. The biomicroscopic findings were conjunctival hyperemia in 82 (100%), follicular reaction in 66 (80.5%), eyelid edema in 56 (68.3%), punctate epitheliopathy in 38 (46.3%), and subepithelial deposits in 36 (43.9%) eyes. The mean flare value was 17.35 ± 12.62 (range 2.0–45.0) photons/ms. Flare measurements were significantly higher in eyes with subepithelial deposits (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Subepithelial deposits seem to occur in eyes with higher anterior chamber inflammation in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. The laser flare meter might be a useful tool to predict subepithelial deposit development in these patients. © The Author(s) 2019., Ege Üniversitesi: 2013-TIP-106, This study was produced under Ege University scientific research project no. 2013-TIP-106. We would like to thank Ege University Scientific Research Projects Commission for providing financial support. The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Introduction Musculoskeletal system traumas are among the most common presentations in the emergency departments. In the treatment of traumatic musculoskeletal pain, paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAID) are frequently used. Our aim in this study is to compare the efficacy of intravenous dexketoprofen and paracetamol in the treatment of traumatic musculoskeletal pain. Methods This prospective, randomised, double blind, controlled study was conducted in a tertiary care emergency unit. The participating patients were randomised into two groups to receive either 50 mg of dexketoprofen or 1000 mg of paracetamol intravenously by rapid infusion in 150 mL of normal saline. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Numeric Rating Scala (NRS) and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) was employed for pain measurement at baseline, after 15, after 30 and after 60 mins. Results 200 patients were included in the final analysis. The median age of the paracetamol group was 34 (24–48), while that of the dexketoprofen group was 35 (23–50), and 63% (n = 126) of them consisted of men. Paracetamol and dexketoprofen administration reduced VAS pain scores over time (p = 0.0001). Median reduction in VAS score at 60 min was 55 (IQR 30–65) for the paracetamol group and 50(IQR 30.25–60) for the dexketoprofen group. There was no statistically significant difference between the paracetamol and dexketoprofen groups in terms of VAS reductions (p = 0.613). Conclusion Intravenous paracetamol and dexketoprofen seem to produce equivalent pain relief for acute musculoskeletal trauma in the emergency department. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV NO: NCT03428503

Introduction: Although acute musculoskeletal pain has a wide range of causes from tendinitis, muscle spasm, to bone and joint injuries, it is a frequent occurrence in emergency services. Paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics (NSAID) are common used in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain. This study sets out to compare the effectiveness of intravenous dexketoprofen and paracetamol in musculoskeletal pain relief. Methods: This prospective, randomized, double blind, controlled study was carried out in a university emergency room. The participating patients were randomized into two groups to receive either 50 mg of dexketoprofen or 1000 mg of paracetamol intravenously by rapid infusion in 150 ml of normal saline. Visual analogue scale (VAS), Numeric Rating Scala (NRS) was employed for pain measurement at baseline, after 15, after 30 and after 60 mins. Results: 200 patients were included in the study, excluding 7342 of them. The mean age of the patients was calculated as 32,6. Paracetamol and dexketoprofen intervention decreases NRS pain scores over time. When compared to all pain locations, the NRS pain score of the patients was found to be statistically more effective in dexketoprofen than in paracetamol (p = 0.001). Paracetamol and dexketoprofen intervention reduces pain VAS scores over time. When the VAS pain score of the patients was compared to all pain locations, dexketoprofen was found to be statistically more effective than paracetamol (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Intravenous dexketoprofen seemed to achieve superior analgesia to intravenous paracetamol when compared with all pain locations in patients with non-traumatic musculoskeletal pain. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.

Summary What is known and objective Important risk factors and over‐the‐counter (OTC) dispensing of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often not routinely recorded in electronic health records. This study aimed to assess the impact of patient's reports on these factors on the risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) for NSAID use. Methods A nested case‐control study was conducted among adults in the Utrecht Cardiovascular Pharmacogenetics study. Cases were patients with a first diagnosis of AMI as a hospital discharge diagnosis and controls were those without AMI. NSAID exposure was either current use of selective COX‐2 inhibitors or conventional NSAIDs. Information was collected from The Dutch PHARMO Database Network (pharmacy records of drug dispensing linked to hospitalization records) and the patient's questionnaire (lifestyle factors, body mass index and history of cardiovascular diseases). Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and to control for confounding factors. Results We identified 970 AMI cases and 2974 controls. Among cases, 11 (1.1%) and 185 (19.1%) were exposed to selective COX‐2 inhibitors and conventional NSAIDs, respectively. Compared to non‐use, none of these drug classes were associated with an increased risk of AMI (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI: 0.52‐2.18 and 0.93, 95% CI: 0.77‐1.12, respectively). Additional adjustment for potential confounders from patient's reports did not change the risk estimates (adjusted OR 1.08, 95% CI: 0.53‐2.22 and 0.89, 95% CI: 0.73‐1.09, respectively). What is new and conclusion Additional confounding control for variables from self‐reported data or considering self‐reported OTC NSAID use did not change the risk estimates for the association between NSAIDs and AMI.

Objective: To describe the study design and baseline patient characteristics of the Asia and Latin America Fracture Observational Study (ALAFOS) to better understand the profile of patients receiving teriparatide during the course of routine clinical practice in Asia, Latin America, the Middle East and Russia. Methods: Prospective, observational, non-interventional study in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who are prescribed teriparatide for up to 24 months, according to local medical standards, with a 12 month post-treatment follow-up. Measures: Demographics, risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures, history of fracture, prior osteoporosis medications, comorbidities, physical function, back pain and quality of life (QoL). Results: In total 3031 postmenopausal women (mean age 72.5 years) recruited at 152 sites in 20 countries were analyzed; 62.9% had a history of fragility fracture after age 40 (33.0% of patients with spinal, 14.2% with hip fractures). The mean (SD) bone mineral density T-scores at baseline were −3.06 (1.40) and −2.60 (1.05) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, respectively. At entry, 43.7% of patients were naïve to prior osteoporosis treatments; 40.5% of patients reported ≥1 fall in the past year. The median (Q1; Q3) EuroQoL Visual Analog Scale (EQ-VAS) for perceived overall health status was 60 (50; 80). The mean (SD) worst back pain Numeric Rating Scale in the last 24 hours was 4.6 (3.3). Conclusions: Our data indicates that patients who were prescribed teriparatide in the ALAFOS participant countries had severe osteoporosis, high prevalence of fractures, disabling back pain and poor QoL. The frequency of patients receiving prior osteoporosis medications was lower than in previous observational studies conducted in other locations.

Background/Introduction: Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with many adverse events, including hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), such as angioedema and urticaria. However, no studies have investigated whether cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme selectivity and/or chemical subgroups are associated with a difference in HSRs. Objective/Aim: to describe and compare the frequency of HSRs among NSAIDs based on cyclooxygenase selectivity and chemical subgroups. Methods: A case/non-case study was performed using data from the World Health Organization global database of Individual Case Safety Report (ICSR), VigiBase, containing over 13 million ICSRs submitted by the participating member states enrolled under WHO's international drug monitoring program by June 2016. This study was nested among ICSRs where NSAIDs were a suspected drug. Cases were ICSRs mentioning HSRs (urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactic shock, anaphylactic reaction, anaphylactoid shock, and anaphylactoid reaction), whereas non-cases were all ICSRs without HSRs. Based on the ratio of inhibitory concentration 80% of COX-1/COX-2, NSAIDs were categorized into coxibs, non-coxib NSAIDs with COX-2 preference, NSAIDs with poor selectivity, and NSAIDs with unknown selectivity. Only ICSRs with complete information on age and sex, and NSAIDs with first market authorization from 1978 onward were included. RORs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to assess the association between NSAIDs and the reporting of HSRs were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Results: We identified 16,289 HSR cases and 160,319 non-cases among ICSRs involving NSAIDs. Non-coxib NSAIDs with COX-2 preference, NSAIDs with poor selectivity, and NSAIDs with unknown selectivity were all associated with an increased reporting of HSRs (age- and sexadjusted ROR 1.70, 95% CI 1.61-1.79, age- and sex-adjusted 2.19, 95% CI 2.11-2.77, and age- and sex-adjusted 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03-1.54, respectively) compared to coxibs. Conclusion: HSRs were more often reported for NSAIDs with poor selectivity, non-coxib NSAID with COX-2 preference, and NSAIDs with unknown selectivity compared to coxibs.

Pain encompasses both a sensory as well as an affective dimension and these are differentially processed in the brain and periphery. It is therefore important to develop animal models to reflect the non-reflexive assays in pain. In this study, we compared effects of the mu opioid receptor agonist morphine, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen and the kappa receptor opioid agonist U50,488H and antagonist JDTic on acetic acid-induced stretching and acetic acid-induced aversion in the condition place aversion (CPA) test in male ICR mice. Intraperitoneal administration of acetic acid (0.32-1%) was equipotent in stimulating stretching and CPA. Ketoprofen, morphine and U50,488H all inhibited the acid induced stretching. Ketoprofen and morphine also blocked the acid-induced CPA but U50,488H failed to do so. The reversal ability of ketoprofen and morphine on acid-induced CPA is unique to pain-stimulated place aversion since these drugs failed to reduce non-noxious LiCl-induced CPA. Overall, this study characterized and validated a preclinical mouse model of pain-related aversive behavior that can be used to assess genetic and biological mechanisms of pain as well as improving the predictive validity of preclinical studies on candidate analgesics. United States Department of Health & Human Services National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA - R01DA-019377 - R01NS070715 - R01DA030404 NIH National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS) - R01NS070715 NIH National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) - R01DA030404 European Commission

Introduction Medication-related problems can cause serious adverse drug events (ADEs) that may lead to hospitalization of the patient. There are multiple screening methods to detect and reduce potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs). Whether this will result in less medication-related hospitalizations is unknown. The study objective was to assess the risk of preventable medication-related hospital admissions associated with potentially inappropriate prescribing, using the Beers 2012 and the Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions and the Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment (STOPP & START) 2008 criteria. Design, setting and participants A nested case-control study was conducted with a subset of Dutch participants from the Hospital Admissions Related to Medication (HARM) study. Cases were defined as patients aged >= 65 years with a potentially preventable medication-related hospital admission. For each case, one control was selected, matched for age and sex. The primary determinant was the presence of one or more PIMs according to the Beers 2012 and STOPP 2008 criteria. The secondary determinant was the presence of one or more PIMs and PPOs according to the STOPP & START 2008 criteria. The strength of the association between inappropriate prescribing and medication-related hospital admission was evaluated with multivariate logistic regression and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Results The prevalence of Beers 2012 criteria PIMs in the total cohort was 44.4 %. The prevalence of STOPP & START 2008 criteria PIMs and PPOs were, respectively, 34.1 and 57.7 %. STOPP 2008 criteria PIMs were associated with preventable medication-related hospital admissions [OR adjusted for number of drugs and comorbidities (ORadj) 2.30, 95 % CI 1.30-4.07], whereas there was no association with Beers 2012 criteria PIMs (ORadj 1.49, 95 % CI 0.90-2.47). STOPP PIMs and START PPOs together were also associated with preventable medication-related hospital admissions (ORadj 3.47, 95 % CI 1.70-7.09). Conclusion Our study shows that patients with potentially inappropriate prescribing detected with the STOPP & START 2008 criteria are at risk of preventable medication-related hospital admissions. The STOPP & START 2008 criteria can be used to identify older people at risk of medication-related problems.

Background: Useofnon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs) has been associated with many adverse events, including hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs), such as angioedemaand urticaria. However, no studies have investigated whether cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme selectivity and/or chemical subgroups are associated with a difference in HSRs. Objectives: To describe and compare the frequency of HSRs among NSAIDs based on cyclooxygenase selectivity and chemical subgroups. Methods: A case/non-case study was performed using data from the World Health Organization global database of Individual Case Safety Report (ICSR), VigiBase, containing over 13 million ICSRs submitted by the participating member states enrolled 'under WHO's international drug monitoring program by June 2016. This study was nested among ICSRs where NSAIDs were a suspected drug. Cases were ICSRs mentioning HSRs (urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactic shock, anaphylactic reaction, anaphylactoid shock, and anaphylactoid reaction), whereas noncases were all ICSRs without HSRs. Based on the ratio of inhibitory concentration 80% of COX-1/COX-2, NSAIDs were categorized into coxibs, non-coxibNSAIDs with COX-2 preference, NSAIDs with poor selectivity, and NSAIDs with unknown selectivity. Only ICSRs with complete information on age and sex, and NSAIDs with first market authorization from 1978 onward were included. RORs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to assess the association between NSAIDs and the reporting of HSRs were calculated using logistic regression analysis. Results: We identified 16 289 HSR cases and 160 319 non-cases among ICSRs involving NSAIDs. Non-coxib NSAIDs with COX-2 preference, NSAIDs with poor selectivity, and NSAIDs with unknown selectivity were all associated with an increased reporting of HSRs (age-and sex-adjusted ROR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.61-1.79; age-and sexed justed 2.19, 95% CI: 2.11-2.77; and age-and sex-adjusted 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03-1.54, respectively) compared with coxibs. Conclusions: HSRs were more often reported for NSAIDs with poor selectivity, non-coxib NSAID with COX-2 preference, and NSAIDs with unknown selectivity compared with coxibs.

Background: Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common acute pain disorders among women of reproductive age. Aims: To compare the effects of IV paracetamol with dexketoprofen in patients presenting with primary dysmenorrhea to the emergency department. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Patients over 18 years old presenting with pelvic pain related to menstruation were eligible for the study. Study patients received 1 g paracetamol or 50 mg dexketoprofen in 100 mL normal saline with a 4-5 minute infusion via the intravenous route. Pain intensity was measured by a visual analog scale at 15 and 30 minutes. Patients were randomized and assigned to either of two study arms via sealed envelopes. Study drugs were identical in color, and thus both personnel and patients were blinded to the study drug. The dexketoprofen group comprised 49 patients, and the paracetamol group had 50 patients in the final analysis. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 20.9±2.5 and the mean duration of the pain was 1.9±1.7 (median: 1, interquartile range: 1 to 2) hours. Both dexketoprofen (median change: 33, 95% CI: 24 to 38) and paracetamol (median change: 21, 95% CI: 12 to 32) effectively reduced the pain at 15 minutes, which was repeated at 30 minutes (median change: 63, 95% CI: 57 to 65 vs 55.5, 95% CI: 50 to 59, respectively). Pain improvement in the dexketoprofen group was better than in the paracetamol group at 15 (median difference: 8, 95% CI: 0 to 16, p=0.048) and 30 (median difference: 6, 95% CI: 1 to 12, p=0.028) minutes, which was statistically significant but not clinically significant. Conclusion: Dexketotoprofen has a better visual analogue scale score that is not clinically relevant compared to paracetamol. © 2018, Galenos Publishing House. All rights reserved.

Aims: Electronic prescribing systems may improve medication safety, but only when used appropriately. The effects of task analysis-based training on clinical, learning and behavioural outcomes were evaluated in the outpatient setting, compared with the usual educational approach. Methods: This was a multicentre, cluster randomized trial [EDUCATional intervention for IT-mediated MEDication management (MEDUCATE trial)], with physicians as the unit of analysis. It took place in the outpatient clinics of two academic hospitals. Participants comprised specialists and residents (specialty trainees, in the UK) and their patients. Training took the form of a small-group session and an e-learning. The primary outcome was the proportion of medication discrepancies per physician, measured as discrepancies between medications registered by physicians in the electronic prescribing system and those reported by patients. Clinical consequences were estimated by the proportion of patients per physician with at least one missed drug–drug interaction with the potential for causing adverse drug events. A questionnaire assessed physicians' knowledge and skills. Results: Among 124 participating physicians, primary outcome data for 115 (93%) were available. A total of 1094 patients were included. A mean of 48% of registered medications per physician were discrepant with the medications that their patients reported in both groups (P = 0.14). Due to registration omissions, a mean of 4% of patients per physician had one or more missed drug–drug interactions with the potential to cause a clinically relevant adverse drug event in the intervention group, and 7% in controls (P = 0.11). The percentages of correct answers on the knowledge and skills test were higher in the intervention group (57%) compared with controls (51%; P = 0.01). Conclusion: The training equipped outpatient physicians with the knowledge and skills for appropriate use of electronic prescribing systems, but had no effect on medication discrepancies.

Objective We aimed to evaluate the relationship among TNFα, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, sIL2R, IL6, neopterin and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Materials and methods TNFα, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, sIL2R, IL6 and neopterin were measured in patients and controls. Patients were grouped according to disease activity and medication. Results Neopterin and sTNFR1 were not different while TNFα, sTNFR2, sIL2R and IL6 were high in patients than controls. There was no difference between active and inactive patients for TNFα, sIL2R and IL6. sTNFR2 was significantly lower in active patients. There was no relationship between CRP positivity and disease activity. AS patient groups are; 1: TNF blockers, 2: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 3: disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), 4: TNF blockers and NSAIDs, 5: DMARDs and NSAIDs. sTNFR2 was significantly lower in active patients than in inactive, in Group 1. ESR levels were significantly lower in inactive patients compared to active in group 3 and 4. There was no significant association between CRP positivity and disease activity. Conclusion According to our study, CRP is insufficient in evaluating AS disease activity. ESR can be useful in evaluating the disease activity. sTNFR2 might be useful as a biological indicator of disease activity in AS treated with TNF inhibitors alone.

Pain management is one of the essentials of emergency care. Renal colic secondary to urinary stone disease forms one of the most intense pain types. The present study aimed to compare the effect of intravenous ibuprofen to paracetamol in ceasing renal colic. This randomised double-blind study was composed of two intervention arms, intravenous paracetamol and intravenous ibuprofen. Study subjects were randomised to receive a single dose of either paracetamol, 1 g in 100 ml normal saline, or ibuprofen (800 mg in 100 ml normal saline) in a blinded fashion. Subjects reported pain intensity on a visual analogue scale with lines intersection multiples of ten just before the drug administration, 15 and 30 min after the study drug administration. Two hundred patients were randomised to either of two study arms: however, 97 patients in ibuprofen group and 99 patients in paracetamol groups were included into 30 minute analysis. Differences of pain improvements between two groups was 9.5 (5.4–13.7) at 15 min (p = 0.000) and 17.1 (11.9–22.5) at 30 min, those both favouring ibuprofen over paracetamol (p = 0.000). Although ten (10.1%) patients in paracetamol group needed rescue drug, there were only two (2%) patients in ibuprofen group (difference: 8%; 95% CI 0.7–16%, p = 0.02). Intravenous 800 mg ibuprofen is more effective than IV paracetamol in ceasing renal colic at 30 min. © 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany.

Purpose: To review the literature on tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome, and to report a case of a patient with relapsing polychondritis (RP) and TINU syndrome. Method: TINU syndrome is a rare oculorenal inflammatory disorder. It is more common in young women with autoimmune conditions, infections, systemic disease, and previous use of medications. We report the case of a 62-year-old woman with relapsing polychondritis and a 2-year history of acute, recurrent, asymmetric, bilateral, anterior, non-granulomatous uveitis accompanied by tubulointerstitial nephritis. Results: The patient was diagnosed with TINU syndrome associated with relapsing polychondritis. No cases of this association have been reported in the literature. The clinical features of TINU syndrome are discussed based on the published works. Conclusions: TINU is an uncommon syndrome; only about 200 cases have been reported in the literature related to infections, systemic disease, and previous use of medications such as antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We found that it can be associated with relapsing polychondritis; therefore, it is important to investigate symptoms of this disease since TINU syndrome can co-exist with it. © 2015 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.

In this study, a new CE method, employing a binary system of trimethyl-ß-CD (TM-ß-CD) and a chiral amino acid ester-based ionic liquid (AAIL), was developed for the chiral separation of seven 2-arylpropionic acid nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In particular, the enantioseparation of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, carprofen, indoprofen, flurbiprofen, naproxen, and fenoprofen was improved significantly by supporting the BGE with the chiral AAIL l-alanine tert butyl ester lactate (l-AlaC4Lac). Parameters, such as concentrations of TM-ß-CD and l-AlaC4Lac, and buffer pH, were systematically examined in order to optimize the chiral separation of each NSAID. It was observed that the addition of the AAIL into the BGE improved both resolution and efficiency significantly. After optimization of separation conditions, baseline separation (Rs>1.5) of five of the analytes was achieved in less than 11 min, while the resolution of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen was approximately 1.2. The optimized enantioseparation conditions for all analytes involve a BGE of 5 mM sodium acetate/acetic acid (pH 5.0), an applied voltage of 30 kV, and a temperature of 20°C. In addition, the results obtained by computing the %-RSD values of the EOF and the two enantiomer peaks, demonstrated excellent run-to-run, batch-to-batch, and day-to-day reproducibilities. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. 36 19 2442 2450 Manufacturers: Fluka, Germany Cited By :7

Objectives were to determine effects of: 1) handling temperament and administration of flunixin meglumine, an inhibitor of prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) synthesis, given at the time of embryo transfer, on pregnancy rates in beef cattle embryo transfer recipients; 2) handling temperament and flunixin meglumine on peripheral concentrations of progesterone, cortisol, substance-P, prostaglandin F metabolites (PGFM, (13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2a) and isoprostane 8-epi PGF2a; and 3) flunixin meglumine treatment on proportion of non-pregnant recipient cows returning to estrus within an expected interval. Angus cross beef cows (n = 710) at 7 locations were assigned a body condition score (BCS: 1, emaciated; 9, obese) and a temperament score [0, calm, slow chute exit; walk (n = 352), 1, excited, fast chute exit; jump, trot or run (n = 358)] and were synchronized with Select-Synch with a controlled internal drug release (CIDR) protocol. Estrus detection aids were applied at CIDR removal and cows were observed thrice daily for estrus until 72 h. Recipient cows that expressed estrus and had a corpus luteum received a frozen-thawed embryo on Day 7 after estrus. At the time of transfer, recipient cows were randomly allocated to receive 10 mL of flunixin meglumine im, immediately after transfer (n = 365) or served as an untreated control (n = 345). In a subset of cows (n = 80), ovarian ultrasonography was performed on the day of embryo transfer to determine corpus luteum volume and blood samples were collected twice, at the time of embryo transfer and 7 d later. All cows received estrus detection aids again on Day 14 (7 d after embryo transfer) and were observed for estrus twice daily until Day 24. Accounting for treatment (P > 0.1), embryo transfer difficulty score (P < 0.1), temperament by treatment interaction (P < 0.05), recipient cows with calm temperament had a higher pregnancy rate compared to those with an excited temperament [59.4 (209/352) vs 51.7% (185/358)]. The pregnancy rate for excitable cows without flunixin meglumine was lower (46.3% 81/175) compared to excitable cows that did received flunixin meglumine [56.8% (104/183)], and calm cows that did [59.3% (108/182)] or did not [59.4% (104/170)] receive flunixin meglumine. Proportions of non-pregnant recipient cows returning to estrus on Days 18-24 were not different between flunixin meglumine and control groups, 87.6% (134/153) and 84.0% (137/163), respectively (P > 0.1). At the time of embryo transfer and 7 d later, there were moderate to strong correlations among circulating concentrations of progesterone, cortisol, substance-P, PGFM and isoprostane 8-epi PGF2a. Among excitable cows, progesterone concentrations were lower and cortisol, substance-P, PGFM and isoprostane 8-epi PGF2a concentrations were greater for cows in the control group compared to cows that received flunixin meglumine. In conclusion, administration of flunixin meglumine improved pregnancy rates in excitable recipient cows following embryo transfer without affecting the proportion of non-pregnant cows returning to estrus. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Egyptian Government Research Scholarship, Egypt Cultural and Educational Bureau, The Arab Republic of Egypt (SAB 2086)