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National audience

National audience

Partie 2 - Déterminants alimentaires et non alimentaires en élevage de la qualité des produits (Chapitre 5); National audience

National audience

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of a change in animal production system, through Bleu-Blanc-Coeur(BBC) specifications, on the fatty acids daily intake of an average French menu. The BBC specifications requireto increase α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18: 3n-3) in animal feed to change the fatty acid composition of theproducts. A 15-day meal plan representative of average consumption for the French adult male population wasdeveloped. It includes animal products from standard production system (STD) or from a BBC productionsystem. The fatty acids intake of both diet was calculated. The results show that the modification of theproduction system allows a better conformity with the ANC (French dietary intake recommendations) in fattyacids. The effect is particularly important for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for which the intake increases by80% for ALA (C18:3n-3) and by 35% for DHA (C22: 6n-3), thus reducing about 45% the deviations from ANCfor ALA and DHA. BBC eggs are the main product to DHA improvements since they contribute to 66% to thereduction of ANC deviations compared to the STD menu. For ALA, poultry meat and eggs from BBCspecifications are as important as pork meat with a contribution of 11% and 13%, respectively, to the reductionof the deviation from ANC.; L’objectif de cette étude est d’étudier l’effet d’un changement de mode de production des animaux, au traversdes cahiers des charges Bleu-Blanc-Coeur (BBC), sur les apports en acides gras journaliers d’un menu moyenfrançais, avec un focus particulier sur les produits avicoles. Les cahiers des charges BBC imposent des apportsminimum en acide α-linolénique (ALA, C18:3n-3) dans les rations animales, entrainant une modification de lacomposition en acides gras des produits. Un menu sur 15 jours représentatif de la consommation moyenne desfrançais a été développé à partir des données d’enquêtes alimentaires. Sur cette base, deux menus types ont étéconstruits : le premier menu (STD) comprend des produits animaux issus d’un mode de production standard ; lesecond substitue ces produits animaux standards par leurs équivalents issus de la filière BBC. Le bilan desapports en acides gras de ces deux menus est ensuite calculé. Les résultats montrent que l’enrichissement enoméga 3 des produits grâce à la modification du mode de production des animaux d’élevage permet unemeilleure adéquation vis-à-vis des apports nutritionnels conseillés (ANC) en acides gras. L’effet estparticulièrement visible pour les acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 pour lesquels les apports croissent de 80% pourl’ALA (C18:3n-3) et de 35% pour le DHA (acide docosahexaénoïque, C22:6n-3), réduisant ainsi d’environ 45%les écarts vis-à-vis des ANC pour l’ALA et le DHA. Les oeufs BBC sont les premiers vecteurs de l’améliorationdes apports en DHA puisqu’ils contribuent à 66% à la réduction des écarts aux ANC, comparativement au menuSTD. Les viandes de volaille et les oeufs BBC constituent un levier aussi important que la viande de porc avecdes contributions respectives de 11% et de 13% à la réduction des écarts aux ANC pour l’ALA.

The fatty acid intake of the French adult population does not comply with the French Population Reference Intakes (PRI). What would be the impact of a change in the animal product production system on the fatty acid intake? A 15-day meal plan representative of average consumption for the French adult male population was developed. It includes animal products derived either from the standard production system (STD) or from a specific production system (Bleu-Blanc-Coeur, BBC) that acts on the fatty acid profile of animal products. The impact of a change in production method on fatty acid content, in relation to the French PRI was quantified. The results show that the BBC diet contributes to decreasing the intake of saturated fatty acids (-8%) and to improving the intake of ALA (+80%), EPA (+43%) and DHA (+35%). For ALA, the modification of animal production systems reduces by 45% the gap with French PRI, including 57% from meat products. For EPA, the reduction between fatty acid intake and PRI reaches 21%. For the DHA, the main contributor is eggs. Finally, consuming animal products from the BBC production system exclusively reduces the gaps between average intake and the French PRI for fatty acids. The research also shows that animal products are complement one another to reach the nutritional recommendations.

Phenotyping of animals and their meat: applications of low-power ultrasounds, near-infrared spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging

National audience

La qualité nutritionnelle des produits animaux dépend de la composition des matières premières de l’aliment de l’animal. La fraction lipidique est particulièrement importante pour orienter les dépôts d’acides gras des produits animaux. Une filière s’est mise en place avec utilisation de graines de lin riches en acides gras n-3 (ou oméga 3) dans l’alimentation animale pour améliorer les lipides des produits animaux et ainsi répondre aux besoins de l’homme. La faisabilité technique et économique a été montrée ainsi que l’intérêt pour la santé de l’homme., Breeding factors and diet influence the quality of animal products. There is a direct relationship between the nature of the fatty acids in feed and those which are deposited in the animal products. A sector has been set up with the use of flax seeds rich in n-3 (or omega 3) fatty acids in animal feed to improve the lipids of animal products and thus meet the needs of humans. The technical and economic feasibility has been demonstrated as well as the interest in human health.

National audience; Breeding factors and diet influence the quality of animal products. There is a direct relationship between the nature of the fatty acids in feed and those which are deposited in the animal products. A sector has been set up with the use of flax seeds rich in n-3 (or omega 3) fatty acids in animal feed to improve the lipids of animal products and thus meet the needs of humans. The technical and economic feasibility has been demonstrated as well as the interest in human health.; La qualité nutritionnelle des produits animaux dépend de la composition des matières premières de l’aliment de l’animal. La fraction lipidique est particulièrement importante pour orienter les dépôts d’acides gras des produits animaux. Une filière s’est mise en place avec utilisation de graines de lin riches en acides gras n-3 (ou oméga 3) dans l’alimentation animale pour améliorer les lipides des produits animaux et ainsi répondre aux besoins de l’homme. La faisabilité technique et économique a été montrée ainsi que l’intérêt pour la santé de l’homme.

National audience; The aim of the present work was to investigate the features of satellite cells and other adult stem cells in skeletal muscle. Satellite cells are located between the basal membrane and the sarcolemma of each muscle fiber. First, we developed a mode! based on muscle satellite cell c ulture to investigate the regulation of adult Myosin Heavy Chain (MyHC) isoform expression in pig muscle. Satellite cells were harvested from the mostly fast-twitch glycolytic longissimus (LM) muscle collected at the fast rib leve!, and the predominantly slow-twitch oxidative rhomboideus (RM) muscle of 6-week-old piglets. Then, we investigated more extensively the features of ali adult stem cells in both muscles of growing and adult pigs using flow cytometry. The first study demonstrated that satellite cells from LM and RM only expressed the embryonic and fetal MyHC isoforms in ce li culture, without any of the adult MyHC isoforms expressed in vivo. The second study clearly indicated that adult stem cells from pig skeletal muscles expressed a panel of stem ce li markers exhibiting age-related changes.

The aim of this study is to compare the effect of diets containing extruded linseed +/- concentrate in fiber onthe deposit of fatty acids in castrated and entire male pig’s tissues. Thirty six crossbreed castrated and entiregrowing-finishing male pigs (51 kg initial live weight, LW) received one of three experimental diets includinga control diet (C), extruded linseed diet (EL) and EL poor fiber diet (EL-). Diets respectively contained 0.57,3.90 and 4.35 g/kg of feed of ALA. Pigs were stunned at 115 kg LW and their backfat, adipose tissue of internalham (ATH), liver and longissimus dorsi muscle were sampled to determine their fatty acids composition. Datawas analysed by GLM procedure of SAS with the diet and the sex as main factor followed by a Bonferroni test.Results were expressed in g/100 g of total fatty acids (FA). There was less C18:2n-6 in the liver of castratedthan in entire male pigs fed EL and EL- diets, in the backfat of pigs fed C and EL- diets and in ATH of pigs fedonly with EL-. There was also a lower percentage of C18:3n-3 in the backfat and ATH of castrated comparedto entire male pigs fed EL- and/or EL. The total of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 and n-3 FA werelower in the backfat of castrated than entire male pigs fed EL- diet. It was also the case for n-6 FA and n-3FA in the backfat of castrated pigs fed the C and EL diet, respectively. The percentage of C18:3n-3 and totaln-3 FA were lower in the muscle of castrated than entire male pigs fed the EL and EL- diets or EL- only,respectively. Regardless of the sex ALA deposition was statistically increased in the backfat and the muscleof pigs fed the EL- diet compared to the EL diet and castrated pigs had lower PUFA levels than entire malepigs, whatever the diet and the tissue.

National audience; Farming practises influence the nutritional quality of animal products. It is possible to introduce into animals’ diets fatty acids which are deemed to be good for human health. Animal products can thereby help to rebalance omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acid intake, and to make up for the deficit in omega 3 fatty acids in the human diet. One of the most effective sources is extruded flaxseed which is high in linolenic acid, a precursor of omega 3 fatty acids.; Les facteurs d’élevage influencent la qualité nutritionnelle des produits animaux. Il est possible d’introduire dans l’alimentation des animaux des acides gras jugés bons pour la santé humaine. Les produits animaux peuvent ainsi contribuer à rééquilibrer l’apport lipidique des acides gras oméga 6 et oméga 3, et à combler le déficit en acide gras oméga 3 en alimentation humaine. Une des sources les plus efficaces est la graine de lin extrudée sélectionnée pour sa richesse en acide linolénique, précurseur des acides gras oméga 3.