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Many radionuclides were scattered by the explosion at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station. We examined whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can sorb cesium ions (Cs+) and strontium ions (Sr2+) for radioprotection. Many strains showed biosorption to Cs+ and Sr2+ using an in vitro mass-screening although each strain showed different sorption. We selected MYU 111, MYU 758, and MYU 759 strains that showed especially high biosorption to Cs+ and/or Sr2+. MYU 111 was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, and MYU 758 and 759 were Pediococcus pentosaceus. The selected strains tended to show higher biosorption when using the buffer method compared to the culture method. Further, they showed high biosorption at a low concentration of 1 ppb Cs+ and Sr2+ (max 28.8% and 97.7% sorption, respectively). This is the first study where lactic acid bacteria are shown to have biosorption of Cs+ and Sr2+.

Heavy metals cause various health hazards. Using lactic acid bacteria (LAB), we tested the biosorption of heavy metals e.g. cadmium (Cd) (II), lead (Pb) (II), arsenic (As) (III), and mercury (Hg) (II). Cd (II) sorption was tested in 103 strains using atomic absorption spectrophotometery (AAS). Weissella viridescens MYU 205 (1 × 10(8) cells/ml) decreased Cd (II) levels in citrate buffer (pH 6.0) from one ppm to 0.459 ± 0.016 ppm, corresponding to 10.46 μg of Cd (II). After screening, 11 LAB strains were tested using various pH (pH 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0) showing the sorption was acid sensitive; and was cell concentration dependent, where the Cd (II) concentration decreased from one ppm to 0.042 (max)/0.255 (min) ppm at 1 × 10(10) cells/ml. Additionally, the biosorption of Pb (II), As (III), and Hg (II) were tested using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The Hg (II) concentration was reduced the most followed by Pb (II) and As (III). Many of the bacterial cell surface proteins of W. viridescens MYU 205 showed binding to Hg (II) using the Hg (II) column assay. Having a CXXC motif, a ∼14 kDa protein may be one of the Hg (II) binding proteins. LAB biosorption may aid the detoxification of people exposed to heavy metals.

Adhesion tests are complex, time-consuming and expensive, while the most important criterion for a probiotic lactobacilli is the ability to adhere to the human intestine. Thirty lactobacilli isolates from human intestinal tissues were measured for cell surface glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity using a microtiter plate screening method. GAPDH activities were detected in 21 out of 30 samples from 12 h cultures and in all samples from 18 h cultures. This suggests GAPDH is universally expressed on the bacterial cell surfaces from many lactobacilli. A statistically significant positive correlation was shown between GAPDH activity and adhesion using the BIACORE adhesion assay (P < 0.01). The new screening method using GAPDH enzymatic activity without an adhesion test may be possible due to the significant positive correlation of GAPDH activity with adhesion of lactobacilli derived from the human intestine.

未利用資源である酒米粉, 緑茶粉末, 乾燥ワカメおよびパン屑粉の肥育豚飼料への添加が, 豚肉の全脂質, コレステロール含量および脂肪酸組成に与える影響について調べた。いずれの実験区とも, ランドレース×大ヨークシャー×デュロック種3元交雑種 (LWD) 去勢豚を用いた。それぞれ体重が70kgに達してから105kgを越えるまで各種添加物を投与飼育し, 発育成績, 産肉能力, 枝肉成績を得て, 屠殺1日後に第12, 13胸椎に位置する胸最長筋 (ロース芯) を採取した。酒米粉給与 (実験1); 地養素区, 酒米粉10%区および30%区, 緑茶粉末給与I (実験2); 対照区, 緑茶区: 緑茶粉末0.8%混合, 緑茶粉末の給与II (実験3); 対照区, 緑茶粉末1%および3%投与区, 乾燥ワカメ粉末およびパン屑粉給与 (実験4); 対照区, 0.3%ワカメ粉末区, 5%パン屑区, ワカメ (0.3%)・パン屑 (5%) 混合区とした。ロース芯の全脂質含量は, 実験1では2.16%～2.50%となり差はなかった。実験2の緑茶粉末添加では, 投与区が対照区よりもやや高かった。実験3では, 緑茶投与区の方がやや割合が低下した。実験4では, 1.81%～3.79%となつたが, ばらつきが大きく差は認められなかった。ロース芯のコレステロール含量は, 実験1では46.48～53.14mg/100gであり, 飼料による影響は認められなかった。実験2では, 投与区の方がやや高かった。実験3では, 実験2と同様であった。実験4では, ワカメ区がやや低い値を示した。酒米粉の利用は肥育・枝肉成績とともに脂質性状への影響はなく, 代替飼料として利用できる。緑茶粉末の多量の添加は豚の発育遅延をもたらしたが, 脂質性状への影響は小さかった。ワカメ茎やパン屑の添加は, 脂肪酸組成への影響がやや認められたが, 肥育豚飼料への添加が充分可能であると考えられた。

鹿茸と血液成分を電気泳動学的に比較した結果, 鹿茸タンパク質成分には血清由来のタンパク質成分が多く認められた. SDS-PAGEによって検出できた鹿茸全成分および鹿茸皮膚タンパク質の3成分についてN末端アミノ酸配列を決定し, 鹿茸特有タンパク質は Cuticular collagen とCollagen (K-Q-P-G-G-P-G-G-P-G-G-G-G-G) および Fibrillarin (K-Q-P-G-G-P-N-G-P-G-G-R) と同定した. また, 皮膚特有タンパク質は Hypothetical protein (S-L-P-N-A---L-Y) であった. Type IV 2-DEで検出された2成分の鹿茸特有タンパク質を含む, 計4成分の鹿茸主要成分についてMALDI TOF-MSで解析した結果, 鹿茸主要成分は Keratin およびSerotransferrin であった. 鹿茸特有タンパク質は Collagen alpha 2 (I) precursor および Keratin であり, 鹿茸成分は繊維状タンパク質が多く局在する組織であると推測された.

Background: Immunoregulatory probiotics (immunobiotics) have been proposed to improve piglets? immune system to avoid intestinal infections and reduce unproductive inflammation after weaning. Previously, it was demonstrated that Lactobacillus jensenii TL2937 (LjTL2937) attenuated the inflammatory response triggered by activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in porcine intestinal epithelial (PIE) cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs) from porcine Peyer?s patches (PP). Objective: In view of the critical importance of PIE-APCs interactions in the regulation of intestinal immune responses, we aimed to examine the effect of LjTL2937 on activation patterns of APCs from swine PPs in co-cultures with PIE cells. In addition, we investigated whether LjTL2937 was able to beneficially modulate intestinal immunity of piglets after weaning to improve immune-health status. Results: Stimulation of PIE-APCs co-cultures with LjTL2937 increased the expression of MHC-II, CD80/86, IL-10, and Bcl-3 in CD172a+CD11R1␣ and CD172a+CD11R1high APCs. In addition, the TL2937 strain caused the upregulation of three negative regulators of TLR4 in PIE cells: MKP-1, Bcl-3 and A20. These changes significantly reduced the inflammatory response triggered by TLR4 activation in PIE-APCs co-cultures. The in vivo experiments using castrated male piglets (crossbreeding (LWD) with Landrace (L), Large Yorkshire (W) and Duroc (D))of 3 weeks of age demonstrated that feeding with LjTL2937 significantly reduced blood complement activity and C reactive protein concentrations while no changes were observed in blood leukocytes, ratio of granulocytes to lymphocyte numbers, macrophages? activity and antibody levels. In addition, treatment with LjTL2937 significantly improved growth performance and productivity, and increased carcass quality. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the use of immunobiotics strains like LjTL2937, as supplemental additives for piglets feedings, could be used as a strategy to maintain and improve intestinal homeostasis; that is important for the development of the pig and for health and performance throughout the productive life of the animal. Fil: Suda, Yoshihito. Miyagi University. Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment; Japón Fil: Villena, Julio Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (i); Argentina. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón Fil: Takahashi, Yu. Miyagi University. Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment; Japón Fil: Hosoya, Shoichi . Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón Fil: Tomosada, Yohsuke. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón Fil: Tsukida, Kohichiro. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón Fil: Shimazu, Tomoyuki. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Breading and Genetics ; Japón Fil: Aso, Hisashi. Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Cell Biology Laboratory; Japón Fil: Tohno, Masanori . National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science; Japón Fil: Ishida, Mitsuharu . Miyagi University. Department of Food, Agriculture and Environment; Japón Fil: Makino, Seiya . Meiji Co., Ltd. Division of Research and Development ; Japón Fil: Ikegami, Shuji . Meiji Co., Ltd. Division of Research and Development; Japón Fil: Kitazawa, Haruki . Tohoku University. Graduate School of Agricultural Science. Laboratory of Animal Products Chemistry. Food and Feed Immunology Group; Japón

Body weights of 21 artificially reared sika deer (Cervus nippon), including 10 males and 11 females, were measured from birth until 24-36 months of age, and the data were analyzed. The increases in body weights of the males and females from birth to 3 months of age were almost the same. However, the rate of increase in body weights of males became greater than that of females after 4 months of age, and this difference became greater with the advance of age. The rate of increase in body weights of females, but not of males, became asymptotic after 30 months of age. A significant inter-family difference was found in body weights of the deer from 4 to 12 months of age, suggesting the influence of genetic factors on growth rate. Significant differences between sexes, but not between families were found in rate of maturing, body weight at the inflection point on the logistic growth curve and growth rate. The inflection points on the logistic growth curves for males and females, which were thought to indicate the onset of puberty, were 8.5 and 7.3 months of age, respectively.

飼料の制限が豚肉脂質および脂肪組織に及ぼす影響について検討した。ランドレース×大ヨークシャー×デュロック (LWD) 6頭を1区として, 飼料給与量別に不断給餌 (100%) 区, 不断給餌の80%制限および60%制限区の3区に分け, と殺24時間後に第12, 13胸椎に位置する胸最長筋 (ロース) を採取した。ロース, 皮下脂肪, 筋間脂肪の脂肪酸組成およびコレステロールの含量を測定した。ロース脂肪含量は3区ともほぼ同様の値を示し, 飼料給与量の違いによる影響は認められなかった。ロース全脂質脂肪酸では, 100%区から60%区にかけてパルミトオレイン酸とリノール酸は低下したが, 他の脂肪酸には差がなかった。ロース中性脂質脂肪酸組成では, 3区の脂肪酸はほぼ同様の値を示し影響はみられなかったが, ロース極性脂質では, ミリスチン酸, パルミチン酸, パルミトオレイン酸, リノール酸, 不飽和度に有意差 (P

3元交雑豚の枝肉脂肪蓄積と肉質に対する止め雄品種(デュロック種:D,バークシャー種:B,梅山豚:M)の影響をみるため,ランドレース種と大ヨークシャー種のF1(LW)雌豚にD,BおよびM種の3品種の雄を交配してできた3元交雑豚(LWD, LWBおよびLWM)について枝肉の脂肪蓄積量,ロース肉の物理的特性と化学組成および筋肉線維特性,筋肉と皮下脂肪の脂肪酸組成を比較検討した.試験豚は3元交雑種のおのおのについて去勢雄豚と雌豚をそれぞれ6頭ずつ合計36頭供試した.単飼,不断給餌条件下で,体重が30kgから105kgまで飼育した.と殺した豚の枝肉左半丸の第5～6,8～9,11～12,13～14胸椎間,第16胸椎～第1腰椎および最後腰椎～第1仙椎間の横断面脂肪面積割合はいずれの部位でもLWMがLWD, LWBより統計的に有意に多かった.ロース肉の物理的特性値であるTendernessはLWM(61.31kgw/cm2)がLWD(84.13kgw/cm2)とLWB(87.22kgw/cm2)より有意に柔らかく,Pliabilityは逆にLWMがLWD,LWBより有意に低かった.また,ロース肉の筋肉内脂肪含量はLWM(3.23%)がLWD(2.32%)とLWB(2.35%)より有意に多く,加熱損失率はLWMがLWB,LWDより有意に高かった.筋線維の径はLWDがLWBおよびLWMより太い傾向が認められ,筋束の横断面積はLWMがLWD,LWBより有意に細かった.LWMは筋肉内脂肪酸のオレイン酸がLWD,LWBよりかなり高く,不飽和脂肪酸割合が高かった.以上の結果から3元交雑豚の止め雄が肉質に影響を及ぼすことが明らかとなった.

Adhesion tests are complex, time-consuming and expensive, while the most important criterion for a probiotic lactobacilli is the ability to adhere to the human intestine. Thirty lactobacilli isolates from human intestinal tissues were measured for cell surface glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity using a microtiter plate screening method. GAPDH activities were detected in 21 out of 30 samples from 12 h cultures and in all samples from 18 h cultures. This suggests GAPDH is universally expressed on the bacterial cell surfaces from many lactobacilli. A statistically significant positive correlation was shown between GAPDH activity and adhesion using the BIACORE adhesion assay (P0.01). The new screening method using GAPDH enzymatic activity without an adhesion test may be possible due to the significant positive correlation of GAPDH activity with adhesion of lactobacilli derived from the human intestine.

ニホンジカの産肉性および成分的肉質を明らかにするために,ニホンジカ去勢雄3頭(平均27ヵ月齢),雌3頭(平均26ヵ月齢)の枝肉成績および精肉(カタ,ロース,ヒレ,モモ,バラ)と心臓,肝臓の一般成分を調べた.同時に,同部位の脂質と蓄積脂肪(皮下,大網膜,腎臓周囲,筋肉間)の融点および脂肪酸組成を測定した.と畜したニホンジカの生体重と枝肉重量は,それぞれ去勢雄が平均約66kg,約42kg,および雌は約50kg,約30kgであった.全頭とも枝肉歩留はほぼ60%,正肉率64%前後であった.精肉のpHは,5.56-5.76を示した.一般成分では,水分はバラを除いた全ての部位で70%以上となり,雌雄間,部位間の差はほとんどなかった.粗タンパク質も部位や雌雄による差は認められず,全部位が20%前後であった.粗脂肪はバラの約30%を除き2-5%であり,粗灰分は部位間および雌雄間に差はみられず,0.8-1.4%であった.筋肉脂質の融点は39-42°,蓄積脂肪は45-51°であった.筋肉内と内臓や蓄積脂肪の間には大きな差があったが,部位間ではほとんど差がなかった.脂肪酸組成は,他の家畜と同様に,パルミチン酸,ステアリン酸,オレイン酸およびリノール酸の割合が90%以上を占めた.

1年4カ月～2年2カ月間,集約的に飼育したニホンジカ雌3頭(1歳4カ月,3歳5カ月,5歳4カ月)を屠殺し,その可食部位の一般成分であるpH,軟らかさ,水分,粗蛋白質,粗脂肪,粗灰分と蓄積脂肪の融点,けん化価,脂肪酸組成を測定した.枝肉歩留まりはいずれも60%以上(60.6～62.1%)を示したが,精肉歩留まりは66.4%から78.8%とややばらつきがあり,若い鹿の値が小さかった.精肉のpHは5.55から5.87の間にあり,酸性極限pHに達していると考えられた.軟らかさは部位によって大きく異なり,剪断力価は26～58gであった.水分は,ばら肉の56.4%を除き,70%以上(73.0～79.4%)を示した,粗蛋白質と粗脂肪は,ばら肉を除き,それぞれ17.4～21.0%および1.5～3.1%であった.これらの値から,他の食肉と比較して高蛋白質,低脂肪の傾向が明らかになった.蓄積脂肪の融点は,部位によって異なり,皮下脂肪の融点は比較的低く,腎臓周囲脂肪と大網膜脂肪は高い値となった,脂肪酸組成は,他の家畜と同様に皮下脂肪中の不飽和脂肪酸割合が高く,身体の深部にいくほどその割合は小さくなっていった.その中で,ステアリン酸とパルミチン酸は増加していき,オレイン酸とパルミトオレイン酸は逆に減少傾向を示した.

The effects of several cooking methods (freeze-drying, roasting, boiling and frying) upon the persistence of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were investigated in eggs, liver and breast meat from laying hens which were given feed containing 1% phthalate for 4 weeks. The reduction rates of DEHP by cooking were 21.1-41.3% (freeze-drying), 26.1-52.5% (roasting), 11.6-33.1% (boiling) and 10.6-43.5% (frying). The rates of DEHP remaining in eggs, liver and meat were 56.5-82.1% 64.9-94.1% and 47.5-78.9%, respectively. The residual levels of DEHP in liver were the highest among the three samples after heating. After both freeze-drying and roasting ground meat for about 7 hours, the DEHP level reached equilibrium at about 1.5ppm.

Sept phases stationnaires sont utilisees: DEGS, SE-30, OV-17, SE-52, QF-1, PEG-20M et Apiezon M

黒毛和種去勢牛8頭を用いて,屠殺前1年間の肥育期間中における皮下脂肪をバイオプシーによって採取し,その脂肪酸組成を調査した.供試牛は4頭ずつA,B2群にわけ,A群は主に濃厚飼料を多給,B群では濃厚飼料と稲ホールクロップサイレージを給与し,飼料による差を検討した.さらに屠殺後の皮下脂肪,筋肉間脂肪および腎臓周囲脂肪の脂肪酸組成を比較した.バイオプシーによる皮下脂肪の脂肪酸組成は,肥育期間中徐々に全飽和脂肪酸の割合が増加し,試料採取開始から最終時期までに8-10%程度増加した.季節的には,寒い時期の12月から2月にかけて,飽和脂肪酸のパルミチン酸とステアリン酸の割合が低くなり,不飽和脂肪酸のパルミトオレイン酸とオレイン酸の割合が高くなった.5月から10月の暖かい時期はその逆の傾向がみられた.飼料別では,A群はB群と比較して,全不飽和脂肪酸の割合は肥育期間中約5%高い値を示したが,飼料の差異は脂肪酸組成に有意な差を示さなかった.この傾向は,屠殺後の各蓄積脂肪においても同様であった.部位別では,体表部に近い皮下脂肪から深部の腎臓周囲脂肪にかけて,全不飽和脂肪酸の割合が減少し,部位間で有意差が得られた.また,皮下脂肪の腹側と背中側では,背中側の方が不飽和脂肪酸の割合がやや高かった.

The distribution of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) administered to laying hens has been investigated. DEHP administered orally was detected in almost all organs and tissues of the laying hens. An especially high level of concentration was present in the adipose tissues and feathers. The shift of DEHP from skin to feather was suggested.