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1. A manipulation of carotenoid metabolism influence biomass partitioning and fitness in tomato

Author: Jianing Mi, Jose G. Vallarino, Ivan Petřík, Ondřej Novák, Sandra M. Correa, Monika Chodasiewicz, Michel Havaux, Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion, Salim Al-Babili, Alisdair R. Fernie, Aleksandra Skirycz, Juan C. Moreno, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratory of Growth Regulators [Univ Palacký] (LGR), Faculty of Science [Univ Palacký], Palacky University Olomouc-Palacky University Olomouc-Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IEB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Plant Environmental Physiology and Stress Signaling (PEPSS), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (UPV-CSIC), and Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas
Subjects: Abiotic stress tolerance, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, Biomass and yield, food and beverages, Bioengineering, Metabolites and lipids, Carotenoids, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Biosynthetic Pathways, Solanum lycopersicum, Stress, Physiological, Apocarotenoids, Metabolic engineering, Phytohormones, Biomass, Biotechnology
Abstract: Improving yield, nutritional value and tolerance to abiotic stress are major targets of current breeding and biotechnological approaches that aim at increasing crop production and ensuring food security. Metabolic engineering of carotenoids, the precursor of vitamin-A and plant hormones that regulate plant growth and response to adverse growth conditions, has been mainly focusing on provitamin A biofortification or the production of high-value carotenoids. Here, we show that the introduction of a single gene of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in different tomato cultivars induced profound metabolic alterations in carotenoid, apocarotenoid and phytohormones pathways. Alterations in isoprenoid- (abscisic acid, gibberellins, cytokinins) and non-isoprenoid (auxin and jasmonic acid) derived hormones together with enhanced xanthophyll content influenced biomass partitioning and abiotic stress tolerance (high light, salt, and drought), and it caused an up to 77% fruit yield increase and enhanced fruit's provitamin A content. In addition, metabolic and hormonal changes led to accumulation of key primary metabolites (e.g. osmoprotectants and antiaging agents) contributing with enhanced abiotic stress tolerance and fruit shelf life. Our findings pave the way for developing a new generation of crops that combine high productivity and increased nutritional value with the capability to cope with climate change-related environmental challenges.
Published: 2022

2. Topology of the redox network during induction of photosynthesis as revealed by time-resolved proteomics in tobacco

Author: David Zimmer, Corné Swart, Alexander Graf, Stéphanie Arrivault, Michael Tillich, Sebastian Proost, Zoran Nikoloski, Mark Stitt, Ralph Bock, Timo Mühlhaus, Alix Boulouis, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TU Kaiserslautern), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universität Potsdam, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Biologie du chloroplaste et perception de la lumière chez les micro-algues, Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, NADP-MALATE DEHYDROGENASE, OXIDATION-REDUCTION PROPERTIES, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], CO2 FIXATION, 01 natural sciences, LIGHT ACTIVATION, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Network Science, 0303 health sciences, Science & Technology, Multidisciplinary, TARGET PROTEINS, Plant Sciences, ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE, SciAdv r-articles, food and beverages, S-NITROSYLATED PROTEINS, Multidisciplinary Sciences, CALVIN CYCLE ENZYMES, ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA, Science & Technology - Other Topics, CHLOROPLAST ATP SYNTHASE, Biomedicine and Life Sciences, Research Article, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Description, Plants regulate the distribution of electrons to activate chloroplast metabolism at the onset of light., Photosynthetically produced electrons provide energy for various metabolic pathways, including carbon reduction. Four Calvin-Benson cycle enzymes and several other plastid proteins are activated in the light by reduction of specific cysteines via thioredoxins, a family of electron transporters operating in redox regulation networks. How does this network link the photosynthetic chain with cellular metabolism? Using a time-resolved redox proteomic method, we have investigated the redox network in vivo during the dark–to–low light transition. We show that redox states of some thioredoxins follow the photosynthetic linear electron transport rate. While some redox targets have kinetics compatible with an equilibrium with one thioredoxin (TRXf), reduction of other proteins shows specific kinetic limitations, allowing fine-tuning of each redox-regulated step of chloroplast metabolism. We identified five new redox-regulated proteins, including proteins involved in Mg2+ transport and 1O2 signaling. Our results provide a system-level functional view of the photosynthetic redox regulation network.
Published: 2021

3. A Multi-OMICs Approach Sheds Light on the Higher Yield Phenotype and Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tobacco Lines Expressing the Carrot lycopene β-cyclase1 Gene

Author: Juan Moreno, Michel Havaux, Ewelina M. Sokolowska, Silvia Martínez-Jaime, Aleksandra Skirycz, Monika Kosmacz, Axel Fischer, Philipp Schulz, Urszula Luzarowska, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Center for Desert Agriculture, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Plant Environmental Physiology and Stress Signaling (PEPSS), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Boyce Thompson Institute [Ithaca]
Subjects: abiotic stress, Abiotic stress, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi, carotenoids, ROS, Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, Biology, Proteomics, omics, Cell biology, Transcriptome, Metabolomics, lycopene β-cyclase, transcription factors, β-carotene, Proteome, Metabolome, lcsh:SB1-1110, Secondary metabolism, Gene, Original Research
Abstract: Recently, we published a set of tobacco lines expressing the Daucus carota (carrot) DcLCYB1 gene with accelerated development, increased carotenoid content, photosynthetic efficiency, and yield. Because of this development, DcLCYB1 expression might be of general interest in crop species as a strategy to accelerate development and increase biomass production under field conditions. However, to follow this path, a better understanding of the molecular basis of this phenotype is essential. Here, we combine OMICs (RNAseq, proteomics, and metabolomics) approaches to advance our understanding of the broader effect of LCYB expression on the tobacco transcriptome and metabolism. Upon DcLCYB1 expression, the tobacco transcriptome (~2,000 genes), proteome (~700 proteins), and metabolome (26 metabolites) showed a high number of changes in the genes involved in metabolic processes related to cell wall, lipids, glycolysis, and secondary metabolism. Gene and protein networks revealed clusters of interacting genes and proteins mainly involved in ribosome and RNA metabolism and translation. In addition, abiotic stress-related genes and proteins were mainly upregulated in the transgenic lines. This was well in line with an enhanced stress (high light, salt, and H2O2) tolerance response in all the transgenic lines compared with the wild type. Altogether, our results show an extended and coordinated response beyond the chloroplast (nucleus and cytosol) at the transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome levels, supporting enhanced plant growth under normal and stress conditions. This final evidence completes the set of benefits conferred by the expression of the DcLCYB1 gene, making it a very promising bioengineering tool to generate super crops.
Published: 2021

4. Validated MAGIC and GWAS population mapping reveals the link between vitamin E content and natural variation in chorismate metabolism in tomato

Author: Christopher Sauvage, Michel Matringe, Luisa Bermúdez, Thomas Guiraud, Luis Alejandro de Haro, Christophe Rothan, Maria Belen De Luca, Elise Albert, Isabelle Atienza, Alisdair R. Fernie, Claire Brehelin, Jean Philipppe Mauxion, Adriano Nunes Nesi, Carine Ferrand, Ramón Asis, Leandro Quadrana, Zhao Jian Tao, Fernando Carrari, Estanislao Burgos, Pierre Baldet, Mathilde Causse, Joana Jorly, Isidore Diouf, Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias [Buenos Aires] (IFIBYNE), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Buenos Aires] (FCEyN), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA)-Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes (GAFL), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Michigan State University System, Syngenta France, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología [Córdoba] (CIBICI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas [Córdoba], Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina]-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba [Argentina], Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Max-Planck-Institut, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grants from ANPCyT Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, Argentina. (2014-0984 and 2017-1907), European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (679796), MINCYT-ECOS projects (A11B01 and A14B03), Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire (LBM), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Facultad de Agronomía [Buenos Aires], Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA), Light Photosynthesis & Metabolism (Photosynthesis), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal de Viçosa = Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Chorismic Acid, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, tocotrieno, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], chemistry.chemical_compound, Solanum lycopersicum, TOMATO FRUIT, Vitamin E, Tocopherol, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, education.field_of_study, biology, Structural gene, Chromosome Mapping, food and beverages, Plants, Genetically Modified, tocopherol, TOCOPHEROL, Tocotrienol, Genetic Engineering, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Transgene, Population, Quantitative trait locus, Genes, Plant, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, TOCOTRIENOL, 03 medical and health sciences, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, medicine, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], education, lvitamin E, fungi, Genetic Variation, Cell Biology, SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM, biology.organism_classification, VITAMIN E, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Genetic Loci, Fruit, Tyrosine, Solanum, Genome-Wide Association Study, 010606 plant biology & botany, tomato fruit
Abstract: Tocochromanols constitute the different forms of vitamin E (VTE), essential components of the human diet, and display a high membrane protectant activity. By combining interval mapping and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we unveiled the genetic determinants of tocochromanol accumulation in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruits. To enhance the nutritional value of this highly consumed vegetable, we dissected the natural intraspecific variability of tocochromanols in tomato fruits and genetically engineered their biosynthetic pathway. These analyses allowed the identification of a total of 25 quantitative trait loci interspersed across the genome pinpointing the chorismate–tyrosine pathway as a regulatory hub controlling the supply of the aromatic head group for tocochromanol biosynthesis. To validate the link between the chorismate–tyrosine pathway and VTE, we engineered tomato plants to bypass the pathway at the arogenate branch point. Transgenic tomatoes showed moderate increments in tocopherols (up to approximately 20%) and a massive accumulation of tocotrienols (up to approximately 3400%). Gene expression analyses of these plants reveal a trade-off between VTE and natural variation in chorismate metabolism explained by transcriptional reprogramming of specific structural genes of the pathway. By restoring the accumulation of alpha-tocotrienols (α-t3) in fruits, the plants produced here are of high pharmacological and nutritional interest. Fil: Burgos, Estanislao. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina Fil: de Luca, Maria Belén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina Fil: Diouf, Isidore. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; Fil: de Haro, Luis Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina Fil: Albert, Elise. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; Fil: Sauvage, Christopher. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; . Syngenta France SAS; Francia Fil: Tao, Zhao J.. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; Fil: Bermudez Salazar, Luisa Fernanda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Asís, Ramon. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología; Argentina Fil: Nesi, Adriano N.. Universidade Federal de Viçosa.; Brasil Fil: Matringe, Michel. Universite Joseph Fourier; Francia. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; Fil: Bréhélin, Claire. Universite Joseph Fourier; Francia. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; Fil: Guiraud, Thomas. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; Fil: Ferrand, Carine. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; Fil: Atienza, Isabelle. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; Fil: Jorly, Joana. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; Fil: Mauxion, Jean P.. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; Fil: Baldet, Pierre. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; . Universite de Bordeaux; Francia Fil: Fernie, Alisdair R.. Institut Max Planck fur Molekulare Physiologie; Alemania Fil: Quadrana, Leandro. Inserm; Francia. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Rothan, Christophe. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; Fil: Causse, Mathilde. Centre Nouvelle - Aquitaine Bordeaux ; Instituto National de Recherches Agronomiques, Alimetation Et Environnement; Fil: Carrari, Fernando Oscar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina
Published: 2021

5. Thioredoxin m overexpression in chloroplasts alters carbon and nitrogen partitioning in tobacco plants

Author: ANCÍN, María, LARRAYA, Luis, FLOREZ-SARASA, Igor, BÉNARD, Camille, FERNÁNDEZ-SAN MILLÁN, Alicia, VERAMENDI, Jon, GIBON, Yves, FERNIE, Alisdair, ARANJUELO, Iker, FARRAN, Inmaculada, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Spanish National Research Council [Madrid] (CSIC)
Subjects: animal structures, photorespiration, carbon metabolism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, food and beverages, glutamine synthetase, nitrogen metabolism, Metabolisme, GS-GOGAT pathway, chloroplast, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Plante, Thioredoxin
Abstract: International audience; In plants, there is a complex interaction between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism and its coordination is fundamental for plant growth and development. In the present work, the influence of thioredoxin (Trx) m on C and N partitioning was studied using tobacco plants overexpressing Trx m from the chloroplast genome. The transgenic plants showed altered metabolism of C (lower leaf starch and soluble sugar accumulation) and N (with higher amounts of amino acids and soluble protein), which pointed to an activation of N metabolism at the expense of carbohydrates. To further delineate the effect of Trx m overexpression, metabolomic and enzymatic analyses were performed on these plants, indicating an up-regulation of the GS-GOGAT pathway. Trx m-overexpressing plants specifically displayed increased activity and stability of glutamine synthetase in tobacco plants. Moreover, higher photorespiration and nitrate accumulation were determined in these plants relative to the untransformed control, indicating that overexpression of Trx m favors the photorespiratory N cycle rather than primary nitrate assimilation. Taken together, the combined results reveal the importance of Trx m as a molecular mediator of N metabolism in plant chloroplasts.
Published: 2021

6. Unravelling the metabolic and hormonal machinery during key steps of somatic embryogenesis: A case study in coffee

Author: Awada, Rayan, Campa, Claudine, Gibault, Estelle, Déchamp, Eveline, Georget, Frédéric, Lepelley, Maud, Abdallah, Cécile, Erban, Alexender, Martinez-Seidel, Frederico, Kopka, Joachim, LEGENDRE, Laurent, Léran, Sophie, Conejero, Geneviève, Verdeil, Jean-Luc, Crouzillat, Dominique, Breton, David, Bertrand, Benoit, Etienne, Hervé, UMR - Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (UMR IPME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Bolivie]), Université de Montpellier (UM), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Plateforme d'histocytologie et d'imagerie cellulaire végétale (PHIV), Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), French National Research Agency (ANR) : ANR-10-INBS-04, ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Plant Science Unit, Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plateforme RIO Imaging (PHIV MRI), and Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: Plant Somatic Embryogenesis Techniques, coffee, Coffea, Article, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, lcsh:Chemistry, histology, histologie, cellule totipotente, Plant Growth Regulators, cell imaging, Expression des gènes, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, totipotency, Marqueur génétique, hormone content, Microscopie, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Différenciation cellulaire, imagerie cellulaire, cell fate, Vegetal Biology, somatic embryogenesis, embryogénèse somatique, metabolomics, Plant Leaves, physiologie hormonale, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Microscopie immunofluorescente, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Biologie végétale
Abstract: RATIONALE - Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is one of the most promising processes for large-scale dissemination of elite varieties. However, whatever the species considered, SE research still remains essentially empirical resulting in many drawbacks to fulfil market demands, especially due to an overall slow technical progress over the last 20 years. Knowledge about the molecular events involved in the key steps of the SE process is urgently needed to pilot the optimization of SE protocols. In this study, we took advantage of the latest metabolomics technologies and applied them to one of the most advanced and reliable large-scale SE processes, the one developed for coffee. METHODS - Sampling covered 15 key developmental stages. Five independent leaf introductions were carried out with more than 4,000 leaf explants and a total of 25 independent cell lines. All obtained cell lines were high-yielding and time-synchronized during embryo regeneration enabling a successful sampling. Primary metabolites, secondary metabolites and phytohormones were quantified using GC-MS, HPLC and UPLC- MS/MS respectively. A robust statistical method was used to identify metabolic pathway changes associated with the main developmental phases and phase switches. Histological analysis and cell imaging were also required to characterize developmental stages and associate metabolic profiles with cell structure organization. Lastly, comparing Arabica embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli enabled the identification of metabolic markers of the embryogenic capacity. RESULTS - Statistical analysis performed on 104 metabolites revealed that massive re-configuration of metabolic pathways induced SE. During initial dedifferentiation, a sharp decrease in phenolic compounds and caffeine levels was observed while auxins, cytokinins and ethylene levels were at their highest. Totipotency reached its highest expression during the callus stages when a shut-off in hormonal and metabolic pathways related to sugar and energetic substance hydrolysis was evidenced. Abscisic acid, leucine, maltotriose, myo-inositol, proline, tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites and zeatin appeared as key metabolic markers of the embryogenic capacity. Combining metabolomics with multiphoton microscopy led to the identification of chlorogenic acids as markers of embryo redifferentiation. CONCLUSIONS & PERSPECTIVES - The present analysis shows that metabolite fingerprints are signatures of cell fate and represent a starting point for optimizing SE protocols in a rational way. These findings should be informative and useful to a wide range of plant species, offering unprecedented perspectives in plant micropropagation.
Published: 2021

7. Developmental metabolomics to decipher and improve fleshy fruit quality

Author: Sonia Osorio, Pierre Pétriacq, Yves Gibon, Annick Moing, Wagner L. Araújo, José G. Vallarino, J. William Allwood, The James Hutton Institute, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea 'La Mayora' (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Elsevier, Pierre Pétriacq, Alain Bouchereau, Universidade Federal de Viçosa = Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), We thank Dr. Catherine Deborde and Dr. Guilhem Page's for critical reading of the NMR sections, MetaboHUB (ANR-11-INBS-0010, France) project, RTI2018-099797-B-100 (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spain), the European Union H2020 GoodBerry Programme (grant number 679303), and Scottish government RESAS program, for partial financing., ANR-11-INBS-0010,METABOHUB,Développement d'une infrastructure française distribuée pour la métabolomique dédiée à l'innovation(2011), and European Project: 679303,European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research andInnovation Program
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, fleshy fruit, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Systems biology, media_common.quotation_subject, Context (language use), Biology, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Metabolomics, Anthesis, Metabolome, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Metabolomic profiling, Quality (business), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Fruit quality, Mass spectrometry, business.industry, Fruit development, food and beverages, Biotic stress, Biotechnology, Postharvest, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Fruit quality, that remains crucial to human nutrition and health, is closely related to biochemical composition, mostly, although not only, due to low molecular-weight metabolites. Final fruit quality results from coordinated physiological processes during development from anthesis to growth and ripe stages. Fruit development and quality may be modulated in response to (a)biotic stress, as well as through compositional evolution postharvest. Biotic stress effects are not addressed here. Comprehensive biochemical analyses of the metabolome have been used to describe and generate knowledge concerning fruit biochemical composition and metabolism, and their developmental and spatial changes before and after harvest. They have involved NMR- or MS-based fingerprinting, profiling or imaging strategies, possibly combined with targeted analyses (e.g., antioxidant metabolites). In this chapter, we first stress analytical aspects crucial for fruit metabolomics. Then, recent examples concerning metabolomics of temperate and tropical fleshy fruits (fresh, not processed), whether they are models or species of agronomical interest, are discussed in the context of possible impacts on fruit agricultural practices or breeding. These cases concern metabolism reprogramming during fruit set, development and postharvest, environmental effects, gene functional analysis, genetics and systems biology. Major current challenges of specific interest for fruit metabolomics are also discussed as examples of the problems and possibilities for this exciting research field.
Published: 2021

8. Comparative Metabolomics and Molecular Phylogenetics of Melon (Cucumis melo, Cucurbitaceae) Biodiversity

Author: John M. Baker, Elad Oren, Galil Tzuri, Yaakov Tadmor, Elena Yeselson, Ilana Rogachev, Jane L. Ward, Sagit Meir, Sonia J. Miller, Annick Moing, Benoît Biais, Nurit Katzir, Joachim Kopka, Adi Faigenboim, Arthur A. Schaffer, Ric C. H. de Vos, J. William Allwood, Efraim Lewinsohn, Catherine Deborde, Royston Goodacre, Harry S. Paris, Jan K. Schjoerring, Mickaël Maucourt, Roland Mumm, Amit Gur, Federico Brigante, Thomas H. Hansen, Dominique Rolin, Michael H. Beale, Yosef Burger, Robert Hall, Shifra Ben-Dor, Daniel J. Jacob, Uzi Saar, Asaph Aharoni, Alexander Erban, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, The James Hutton Institute, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), INRA Grande Ferrade, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Agricultural Research Organization - the Volcani Center, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Agricultural Research Organization, University of Liverpool, IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Agricultural Research Organisation (ARO), Volcani Center, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), European Project, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and IT University of Copenhagen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Melon, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:QR1-502, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Genome, cucumis melo, lcsh:Microbiology, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Cucumis melo, Genotype, melon, TOOL, Laboratorium voor Plantenfysiologie, Genetic resources, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genotype by sequencing, Phylogenesis, Metabolomique, elemental analysis, food and beverages, genetic resources, genotype by sequencing, metabolome, Molecular phylogenetics, BIOS Applied Metabolic Systems, Bioscience, Metabolome, Cucurbitaceae, Cucumis, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Elemental analysis, CHROMATOGRAPHY, Plante fruitière, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Metabolomics, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.4 [https], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Molecular Biology, FRUIT, Biodiversité, biology.organism_classification, MASS-SPECTROMETRY DATA, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, Fruit, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The broad variability of Cucumis melo (melon, Cucurbitaceae) presents a challenge to conventional classification and organization within the species. To shed further light on the infraspecific relationships within C. melo, we compared genotypic and metabolomic similarities among 44 accessions representative of most of the cultivar-groups. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) provided over 20,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Metabolomics data of the mature fruit flesh and rind provided over 80,000 metabolomic and elemental features via an orchestra of six complementary metabolomic platforms. These technologies probed polar, semi-polar, and non-polar metabolite fractions as well as a set of mineral elements and included both flavor-and taste-relevant volatile and non-volatile metabolites. Together these results enabled an estimate of “metabolomic/elemental distance” and its correlation with the genetic GBS distance of melon accessions. This study indicates that extensive and non-targeted metabolomics/elemental characterization produced classifications that strongly, but not completely, reflect the current and extensive genetic classification. Certain melon Groups, such as Inodorous, clustered in parallel with the genetic classifications while other genome to metabolome/element associations proved less clear. We suggest that the combined genomic, metabolic, and element data reflect the extensive sexual compatibility among melon accessions and the breeding history that has, for example, targeted metabolic quality traits, such as taste and flavor. Fil: Moing, Annick. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia Fil: William Allwood, J.. The James Hutton Institute; Reino Unido Fil: Aharoni, Asaph. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; Israel Fil: Baker, John. Rothamsted Research; Reino Unido Fil: Beale, Michael H.. Rothamsted Research; Reino Unido Fil: Ben-Dor, Shifra. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; Israel Fil: Biais, Benoît. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia Fil: Brigante, Federico Iván. Max Planck Institute Of Molecular Plant Physiology; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Burger, Yosef. Agricultural Research Organization Of Israel; Israel Fil: Deborde, Catherine. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia Fil: Erban, Alexander. Max Planck Institute Of Molecular Plant Physiology; Alemania Fil: Faigenboim, Adi. Agricultural Research Organization Of Israel; Israel Fil: Gur, Amit. Agricultural Research Organization Of Israel; Israel Fil: Goodacre, Royston. University of Liverpool; Reino Unido Fil: Hansen, Thomas H.. Universidad de Copenhagen; Dinamarca Fil: Jacob, Daniel. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia Fil: Katzir, Nurit. Agricultural Research Organization Of Israel; Israel Fil: Kopka, Joachim. Max Planck Institute Of Molecular Plant Physiology; Alemania Fil: Lewinsohn, Efraim. Agricultural Research Organization Of Israel; Israel Fil: Maucourt, Mickael. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia Fil: Meir, Sagit. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; Israel Fil: Miller, Sonia. Rothamsted Research; Reino Unido Fil: Mumm, Roland. Wageningen University & Países Bajos Fil: Oren, Elad. Agricultural Research Organization Of Israel; Israel Fil: Paris, Harry S.. Agricultural Research Organization Of Israel; Israel Fil: Rogachev, Ilana. Weizmann Institute Of Science Israel; Israel Fil: Rolin, Dominique. Universite de Bordeaux; Francia Fil: Saar, Uzi. Agricultural Research Organization Of Israel; Israel Fil: Schjoerring, Jan K.. Universidad de Copenhagen; Dinamarca Fil: Tadmor, Yaakov. Agricultural Research Organization Of Israel; Israel Fil: Tzuri, Galil. Agricultural Research Organization Of Israel; Israel Fil: de Vos, Ric C. H.. Wageningen University & Países Bajos Fil: Ward, Jane L.. Rothamsted Research; Reino Unido Fil: Yeselson, Elena. Agricultural Research Organization Of Israel; Israel Fil: Hall, Robert D.. Wageningen University & Países Bajos Fil: Schaffer, Arthur A.. Agricultural Research Organization Of Israel; Israel
Published: 2020
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9. Publisher Correction: Lipidome determinants of maximal lifespan in mammals

Author: Julia Marchal, Jane Reznick, Fabien Pifferi, Philipp Khaitovich, Vera Gorbunova, Florian Schroeder, Damir Omerbašić, Patrick Giavalisco, Pierrick Regnard, Katarzyna Bozek, Peng Shi, Ekaterina Khrameeva, Gary R. Lewin, Jorge Azpurua, Lothar Willmitzer, Fabienne Aujard, Fanelie Wanert, Andrei Seluanov, Nigel C. Bennett, Zhen Liu, Svante Pääbo, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP)
Subjects: Primates, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:R, Longevity, lcsh:Medicine, Rodentia, Computational biology, Lipidome, Biology, Publisher Correction, Lipids, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Chiroptera, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Animals, lcsh:Q, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, lcsh:Science, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: Maximal lifespan of mammalian species, even if closely related, may differ more than 10-fold, however the nature of the mechanisms that determine this variability is unresolved. Here, we assess the relationship between maximal lifespan duration and concentrations of more than 20,000 lipid compounds, measured in 669 tissue samples from 6 tissues of 35 species representing three mammalian clades: primates, rodents and bats. We identify lipids associated with species' longevity across the three clades, uncoupled from other parameters, such as basal metabolic rate, body size, or body temperature. These lipids clustered in specific lipid classes and pathways, and enzymes linked to them display signatures of greater stabilizing selection in long-living species, and cluster in functional groups related to signaling and protein-modification processes. These findings point towards the existence of defined molecular mechanisms underlying variation in maximal lifespan among mammals.
Published: 2019

10. Lipidome determinants of maximal lifespan in mammals

Author: Gary R. Lewin, Lothar Willmitzer, Nigel C. Bennett, Julia Marchal, Florian Schroeder, Zhen Liu, Fanelie Wanert, Andrei Seluanov, Vera Gorbunova, Damir Omerbašić, Jane Reznick, Philipp Khaitovich, Jorge Azpurua, Svante Pääbo, Fabien Pifferi, Patrick Giavalisco, Pierrick Regnard, Katarzyna Bozek, Peng Shi, Ekaterina Khrameeva, Fabienne Aujard, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology [Moscow] (Skoltech), University of Pretoria [South Africa], Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin] (MDC), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, University of Rochester [USA], European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing], Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Multidisciplinary, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Science, Longevity, Zoology, Body size, Biology, Lipidome, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Basal metabolic rate, Medicine, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Stabilizing selection, Clade, Function and Dysfunction of the Nervous System, media_common
Abstract: Maximal lifespan of mammalian species, even if closely related, may differ more than 10-fold, however the nature of the mechanisms that determine this variability is unresolved. Here, we assess the relationship between maximal lifespan duration and concentrations of more than 20,000 lipid compounds, measured in 669 tissue samples from 6 tissues of 35 species representing three mammalian clades: primates, rodents and bats. We identify lipids associated with species’ longevity across the three clades, uncoupled from other parameters, such as basal metabolic rate, body size, or body temperature. These lipids clustered in specific lipid classes and pathways, and enzymes linked to them display signatures of greater stabilizing selection in long-living species, and cluster in functional groups related to signaling and protein-modification processes. These findings point towards the existence of defined molecular mechanisms underlying variation in maximal lifespan among mammals.
Published: 2017

11. The Lack of Mitochondrial Thioredoxin TRXo1 Affects In Vivo Alternative Oxidase Activity and Carbon Metabolism under Different Light Conditions

Author: Miquel Ribas-Carbo, Etienne H. Meyer, Igor Florez-Sarasa, Alisdair R. Fernie, Toshihiro Obata, Jean-Philippe Reichheld, Manuel Rodríguez-Concepción, Nï Stor Fernï Ndez Del-Saz, Institut de Biologie des Plantes (IBP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Universidad de Concepción [Chile], Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes (LGDP), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Departament de Bioquimica : Biologia Molecular, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Research Group in Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), and Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Alternative oxidase, Arabidopsis thaliana, Physiology, Arabidopsis, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Redox, oxygen isotope fractionation, Mitochondrial Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, alternative oxidase, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Photosynthesis, carbon fluxes, 030304 developmental biology, Plant Proteins, 0303 health sciences, high light, Chemistry, Alternative oxidase activity, Cell Biology, General Medicine, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Electron transport chain, Carbon, 3. Good health, Mitochondria, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Citric acid cycle, Mitochondrial respiratory chain, Biochemistry, mitochondrial thioredoxin, Photorespiration, Thioredoxin, Oxidoreductases, Oxidation-Reduction, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The alternative oxidase (AOX) constitutes a nonphosphorylating pathway of electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain that provides flexibility to energy and carbon primary metabolism. Its activity is regulated in vitro by the mitochondrial thioredoxin (TRX) system which reduces conserved cysteines residues of AOX. However, in vivo evidence for redox regulation of the AOX activity is still scarce. In the present study, the redox state, protein levels and in vivo activity of the AOX in parallel to photosynthetic parameters were determined in Arabidopsis knockout mutants lacking mitochondrial trxo1 under moderate (ML) and high light (HL) conditions, known to induce in vivo AOX activity. In addition, 13C- and 14C-labeling experiments together with metabolite profiling were performed to better understand the metabolic coordination between energy and carbon metabolism in the trxo1 mutants. Our results show that the in vivo AOX activity is higher in the trxo1 mutants at ML while the AOX redox state is apparently unaltered. These results suggest that mitochondrial thiol redox systems are responsible for maintaining AOX in its reduced form rather than regulating its activity in vivo. Moreover, the negative regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by the TRX system is coordinated with the increased input of electrons into the AOX pathway. Under HL conditions, while AOX and photosynthesis displayed similar patterns in the mutants, photorespiration is restricted at the level of glycine decarboxylation most likely as a consequence of redox imbalance., The Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), through the ‘Severo Ochoa Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D’ 2016–2019 [SEV-2015-0533 to I.F.-S.]; Spanish Ministries Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities [BFU2011-23294 to N.F.D.-S. and M.R.-C.] and MINECO [CTM2014-53902-C2-1-P to N.F.D.-S. and M.R.-C.]; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche ANR-Blanc Cynthiol [12-BSV6-0011 to J.-P.R.].
Published: 2019

12. The Mitochondrial Thioredoxin System Contributes to the Metabolic Responses Under Drought Episodes in Arabidopsis

Author: Jorge A Condori-Apfata, Paula da Fonseca-Pereira, Danilo M. Daloso, Wagner L. Araújo, Jean-Philippe Reichheld, Alisdair R. Fernie, Takayuki Tohge, Igor Florez-Sarasa, Franklin Magnum de Oliveira Silva, Adriano Nunes-Nesi, Jorge Gago, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universidade Federal de Vicosa (UFV), Universidade Federal do Ceará = Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Research Group in Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), Institut de Biologie des Plantes (IBP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes (LGDP), and Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Arabidopsis thaliana, Physiology, Tricarboxylic acid cycle, Mutant, Arabidopsis, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Acclimatization, 03 medical and health sciences, Thioredoxins, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Stress, Physiological, Respiration, Metabolome, Metabolic acclimation, 2. Zero hunger, Principal Component Analysis, biology, Arabidopsis Proteins, Nucleotides, Water limitation, fungi, Water, food and beverages, Cell Biology, General Medicine, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Droughts, Mitochondria, Citric acid cycle, Mitochondrial Trx system, 030104 developmental biology, Mutation, Plant Stomata, Thioredoxin, Oxidation-Reduction, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Thioredoxins (Trxs) modulate metabolic responses during stress conditions; however, the mechanisms governing the responses of plants subjected to multiple drought events and the role of Trxs under these conditions are not well understood. Here we explored the significance of the mito-chondrial Trx system in Arabidopsis following exposure to single and repeated drought events. We analyzed the previously characterized NADPH-dependent Trx reductase A and B double mutant (ntra ntrb) and two independent mito-chondrial thioredoxin o1 (trxo1) mutant lines. Following similar reductions in relative water content ($50%), Trx mutants subjected to two drought cycles displayed a significantly higher maximum quantum efficiency (F v /F m) and were less sensitive to drought than their wild-type counterparts and than all genotypes subjected to a single drought event. Trx mutant plants displayed a faster recovery after two cycles of drought, as observed by the higher accumulation of secondary metabolites and higher stomatal conduct-ance. Our results indicate that plants exposed to multiple drought cycles are able to modulate their subsequent metabolic and physiological response, suggesting the occurrence of an exquisite acclimation in stressed Arabidopsis plants. Moreover, this differential acclimation involves the participation of a set of metabolic changes as well as redox poise alteration following stress recovery.
Published: 2019

13. Autophagy-related approaches for improving nutrient use efficiency and crop yield protection

Author: Céline Masclaux-Daubresse, Tamar Avin-Wittenberg, Gad Galili, Elena A. Minina, Luisa M. Sandalio, Erika Isono, Núria S. Coll, Hadas Peled-Zehavi, Henri Batoko, Alisdair R. Fernie, Ammar Hassan, Romain Le Bars, Pilar S. Testillano, Pernilla H. Elander, František Baluška, Daniel Hofius, Peter V. Bozhkov, Agnieszka Sirko, Béatrice Satiat-Jeunemaitre, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Linnean Center for Plant Biology, Microscopie Photonique (PHOT), Département Plateforme (PF I2BC), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Institut des Sciences du Végétal, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Biologie Cellulaire (BioCell), Dynamique de la Compartimentation cellulaire dans les cellules de plantes supérieures (DYNBSJ), Cytométrie (CYTO), Laboratory of Plant Development and Nuclear Organization, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), COST action TRANSAUTOPHAGY [CA15138], Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF), Swedish Research Council (VR), Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Research Programme 'Trees and Crops for the Future', Swedish Research Council VR, Swedish Research Council FORMAS, Carl-Tryggers Stiftelse (CTS), Israeli Science Foundation [1899/16, 612/16], Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) [AGL2014-52028-R, AGL2017-82447-R, AGL2016-78002-R, RyC 2014–16158], European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER), Wallonia-Brussels Federation Joint Research Action (ARC) [11/16-036], Belgian Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS) (CDR) [19516174], Belgian Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS) (FRFC) [6794930], Israel Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), aDepartment of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Weizmann Institute of Science, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, 0301 basic medicine, Plant growth, Physiology, Plant autophagy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), Plant Science, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Nutrient, Autophagy regulation, biotic stress, Biotic stress, phagophore initiation, plant autophagy, Autophagy, Phagophore initiation, Nutrient deficiency, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Crop Protection, business.industry, Abiotic stress, Crop yield, Nutrients, 15. Life on land, Crop Production, Biotechnology, 030104 developmental biology, Agriculture, nutrient deficiency, autophagy regulation, business
Abstract: Autophagy is a eukaryotic catabolic pathway essential for growth and development. In plants, it is activated in response to environmental cues or developmental stimuli. However, in contrast to other eukaryotic systems, we know relatively little regarding the molecular players involved in autophagy and the regulation of this complex pathway. In the framework of the COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) action TRANSAUTOPHAGY (2016-2020), we decided to review our current knowledge of autophagy responses in higher plants, with emphasis on knowledge gaps. We also assess here the potential of translating the acquired knowledge to improve crop plant growth and development in a context of growing social and environmental challenges for agriculture in the near future., Research of the Avin-Wittenberg Group is supported by the Israeli Science Foundation, grant number 1899/16.The Testillano group is supported by project AGL2014-52028-R and AGL2017-82447-R funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER). Autophagy research at the Galili lab is supported by The Israel Science Foundation (grant 612/16). Research in the Batoko laboratory was funded by the Wallonia-Brussels Federation Joint Research Action (ARC grant #11/16-036), the Belgian Funds for Scientific Research (FRS-FNRS)(CDR grant #19516174 and FRFC grant #6794930).
Published: 2018

14. CMS-G from Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima is maintained in natural populations despite containing an atypical cytochrome c oxidase

Author: Lea Brings, Kristina Kühn, Pascal Touzet, Caroline Lehmann, Stéphane Boivin, Ralph Bock, Etienne H. Meyer, Isabelle De Cauwer, Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Max-Planck-Institut, Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Évolution, Écologie et Paléontologie (Evo-Eco-Paleo) - UMR 8198 (Evo-Eco-Paléo (EEP))
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Genetics, Mitochondrial DNA, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Cytochrome c, Protein subunit, Cytoplasmic male sterility, Mutant, Cell Biology, Gynodioecy, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, health services administration, Pollen, biology.protein, medicine, Cytochrome c oxidase, Molecular Biology, health care economics and organizations, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: While mitochondrial mutants of the respiratory machinery are rare and often lethal, cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a mitochondrially inherited trait that results in pollen abortion, is frequently encountered in wild populations. It generates a breeding system called gynodioecy. In Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima, a gynodioecious species, we found CMS-G to be widespread across the distribution range of the species. Despite the sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of CMS-G, the mitochondrial sterilizing factor causing CMS-G is still unknown. By characterizing biochemically CMS-G, we found that the expression of several mitochondrial proteins is altered in CMS-G plants. In particular, Cox1, a core subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), is larger but can still assemble into complex IV. However, the CMS-G-specific complex IV was only detected as a stabilized dimer. We did not observe any alteration of the affinity of complex IV for cytochrome c; however, in CMS-G, complex IV capacity is reduced. Our results show that CMS-G is maintained in many natural populations despite being associated with an atypical complex IV. We suggest that the modified complex IV could incur the associated cost predicted by theoretical models to maintain gynodioecy in wild populations.
Published: 2018

15. Investigating mixotrophic metabolism in the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

Author: Julien Pagliardini, Juliette Jouhet, Adeline Le Monnier, Melissa Conte, Toshihiro Obata, Giovanni Finazzi, Antonio Emidio Fortunato, Angela Falciatore, Eric Maréchal, Alisdair R. Fernie, Mark G. Poolman, Davide Dal Bo, Valeria Villanova, Dimitris Petroutsos, Gilles Curien, Dipali Singh, Fermentalg, Physiologie cellulaire et végétale (LPCV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative = Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology (LCQB), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Marie Curie Initial Training Network Accliphot (FP7-PEPOPLE-2012-ITN, 316427), Region Rhone-Alpes (Cible project), Programme Investissement d’Avenir Oceanomics, ANR-12-BIME-0005,DiaDomOil,Domestication des diatomées pour la production de biocarburants(2012), ANR-10- LABX-49-01,Labex GRAL,Labex GRAL, Physiologie cellulaire et végétale [2016-2019] (LPCV [2016-2019]), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 1417 PCV Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fermentalg SA, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), ANR (DiaDomOil) [ANR-12BIME-0005], CEA Bioenergies programme, Programme Investissement d'Avenir Oceanmics, CNRS Defi, HFSP [HFSP0052], Marie Curie Initial Training Network CALIPSO (ITN) [GA 607607], ANR-10-LABX-0049,GRAL,Grenoble Alliance for Integrated Structural Cell Biology(2010), European Project: 316427, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6), Villanova V., Fortunato A.E., Singh D., Bo D.D., Conte M., Obata T., Jouhet J., Fernie A.R., Marechal E., Falciatore A., Pagliardini J., Le Monnier A., Poolman M., Curien G., Petroutsos D., and Finazzi G.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Glycerol, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Light, Metabolic flux, Biology, Settore BIO/19 - Microbiologia Generale, Photosynthesis, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Glycerolipid, 03 medical and health sciences, Nutrient, mixotrophy, Botany, Microalgae, Settore BIO/04 - Fisiologia Vegetale, Metabolomics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, photosynthèse, 14. Life underwater, Biomass, Transcriptomics, métabolisme, micro-algue, Diatoms, photosynthesis, Phototroph, marine diatoms, fungi, Carbon metabolism, Lipid metabolism, Articles, approche omique, biology.organism_classification, Carbon, Triacylglycerol biosynthesis, 030104 developmental biology, Diatom, Biomass production, Biochemistry, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Energy source, metabolism, Mixotroph, omics analyses
Abstract: Diatoms are prominent marine microalgae, interesting not only from an ecological point of view, but also for their possible use in biotechnology applications. They can be cultivated in phototrophic conditions, using sunlight as the sole energy source. Some diatoms, however, can also grow in a mixotrophic mode, wherein both light and external reduced carbon contribute to biomass accumulation. In this study, we investigated the consequences of mixotrophy on the growth and metabolism of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum , using glycerol as the source of reduced carbon. Transcriptomics, metabolomics, metabolic modelling and physiological data combine to indicate that glycerol affects the central-carbon, carbon-storage and lipid metabolism of the diatom. In particular, provision of glycerol mimics typical responses of nitrogen limitation on lipid metabolism at the level of triacylglycerol accumulation and fatty acid composition. The presence of glycerol, despite provoking features reminiscent of nutrient limitation, neither diminishes photosynthetic activity nor cell growth, revealing essential aspects of the metabolic flexibility of these microalgae and suggesting possible biotechnological applications of mixotrophy. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The peculiar carbon metabolism in diatoms'.
Published: 2017

16. METHYLENE BLUE SENSITIVITY 1 (MBS1) is required for acclimation of Arabidopsis to singlet oxygen and acts downstream of β-cyclocitral

Author: Stefano D'Alessandro, Leonard Shumbe, Ning Shao, Ralph Bock, Anne Chevalier, Michel Havaux, Brigitte Ksas, Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Biologie végétale et microbiologie environnementale - UMR7265 (BVME), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Plant Environmental Physiology and Stress Signaling (PEPSS), grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FOR 2092, BO 1482/17-1) and the Human Frontiers Science Program (RGP0005/2013), ANR-14-CE02-0010,SLOSAM,Signalisation du stress photooxydant dans les mécanismes d'acclimatation des plantes aux changements climatiques(2014), Signalisation de l'Adaptation des Végétaux à l'Environnement (SAVE), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire d'Ecophysiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (LEMP)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Light, Physiology, Acclimatization, Arabidopsis, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, high light stress, signalling, Photosynthesis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Singlet Oxygen, Singlet oxygen, Cell biology, Chloroplast, medicine.anatomical_structure, Phenotype, Biochemistry, carotenoid oxidation, Aldehydes, Arabidopsis Proteins, Diterpenes, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Mutation, Plant Leaves, Stress, Physiological, Methylene blue, Programmed cell death, Nuclear gene, Physiological, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, Stress, 03 medical and health sciences, Mediator, medicine, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Plant, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Gene Expression Regulation, Nucleus, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: We would like to thank the GRAP platform (CEA/Cadarache) for growing plants under normal and stress conditions.; International audience; Singlet oxygen (1 O 2) signalling in plants is essential to trigger both acclimatory mechanisms and programmed cell death under high light stress. However, because of its chemical features, 1 O 2 requires mediators, and the players involved in this pathway are largely unknown. The β-carotene oxidation product, β-cyclocitral, is one such mediator. Produced in the chloroplast, β-cyclocitral induces changes in nuclear gene expression leading to photoacclimation. Recently, the METHYLENE BLUE SENSITIVITY protein MBS has been identified as a key player in 1 O 2 signalling leading to tolerance to high light. Here, we provide evidence that MBS1 is essential for acclimation to 1 O 2 and cross-talks with β-cyclocitral to mediate transfer of the 1 O 2 signal to the nucleus, leading to photoacclimation. The presented results position MBS1 downstream of β-cyclocitral in 1 O 2 signalling and suggest an additional role for MBS1 in the regulation of plant growth and development under chronic 1 O 2 production.
Published: 2016

17. Vitamin deficiencies in humans: can plant science help?

Author: Dean DellaPenna, Paul D. Fraser, Sonia Osorio, Fernando Carrari, Christophe Rothan, Thérésa Bridget Fitzpatrick, Alisdair R. Fernie, Catherine Caris-Veyrat, Hanjo Hellmann, Victoriano Valpuesta, Gilles J. Basset, Patrick Borel, University of Geneva [Switzerland], University of Nebraska System, Nutrition, obésité et risque thrombotique (NORT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Royal Holloway, School of Biological Sciences (ROYAL HOLLOWAY), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Washington State University (WSU), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Nutriments Lipidiques et Prévention des Maladies Métaboliques, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea 'La Mayora' (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), University of Florida [Gainesville], Instituto de Hortofructicultura Subtropical y Mediterranea 'La Mayora' - Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Universidad de Málaga [Málaga], Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Déposants HAL-Avignon, bibliothèque Universitaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, vitamin biosynthesis, vitamin intake, human health, genetic mapping, genetic modification, qtl, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, Review, Breeding, biosynthèse, 01 natural sciences, Human health, chemistry.chemical_compound, Plant science, Génétique des plantes, vitamine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Vitamin intake, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Chromosome Mapping, food and beverages, santé humaine, Vitamins, Fortified, Vitamin biosynthesis, Plants, Plants, Genetically Modified, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Avitaminosis/prevention & control, ddc:580, Food, Fortified, nutrition humaine, Developed country, Vitamin, Crops, Agricultural, alimentation humaine, Genetically Modified/genetics/metabolism, Developing country, Crops, Plants genetics, Biology, Vitamins/biosynthesis, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, métabolisme, Developing Countries, Agricultural/metabolism, 030304 developmental biology, carence, business.industry, fungi, Genetic Variation, Avitaminosis, Cell Biology, Plants/genetics/metabolism, Biotechnology, Human nutrition, chemistry, Food, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: L'article original est publié par The American Society of Plant Biologists; International audience; The term vitamin describes a small group of organic compounds that are absolutely required in the human diet. Although for the most part, dependency criteria are met in developed countries through balanced diets, this is not the case for the five billion people in developing countries who depend predominantly on a single staple crop for survival. Thus, providing a more balanced vitamin intake from high-quality food remains one of the grandest challenges for global human nutrition in the coming decade(s). Here, we describe the known importance of vitamins in human health and current knowledge on their metabolism in plants. Deficits in developing countries are a combined consequence of a paucity of specific vitamins in major food staple crops, losses during crop processing, and/or overreliance on a single species as a primary food source. We discuss the role that plant science can play in addressing this problem and review successful engineering of vitamin pathways. We conclude that while considerable advances have been made in understanding vitamin metabolic pathways in plants, more cross-disciplinary approaches must be adopted to provide adequate levels of all vitamins in the major staple crops to eradicate vitamin deficiencies from the global population.
Published: 2012
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18. The K+battery-regulating Arabidopsis K+channel AKT2 is under the control of multiple post-translational steps

Author: Wendy González, Michael Sandmann, Ingo Dreyer, Tracey Ann Cuin, J. T. van Dongen, Marcio Rocha, Erwan Michard, Jean-Baptiste Thibaud, Santiago J. Ramírez-Aguilar, Judith Lucia Gomez-Porras, Luiz Gustavo Guedes Corrêa, Pawel Gajdanowicz, Kamil Sklodowski, Heisenberg Group of Biophysics and Molecular Plant Biology, University of Potsdam-Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Potassium Channels, Turgor pressure, Arabidopsis, channel, plant, Plant Science, Models, Biological, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 030304 developmental biology, AKT2, 0303 health sciences, biology, Arabidopsis Proteins, homeostasie, pholem, fungi, food and beverages, Plants, Genetically Modified, Plant cell, biology.organism_classification, Potassium channel, Biochemistry, Article-Addendum, transport, Potassium, voltage-gate, Biophysics, Phosphorylation, Phloem, Energy source, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Flux (metabolism), 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Potassium (K+) is an important nutrient for plants. It serves as a cofactor of various enzymes and as the major inorganic solute maintaining plant cell turgor. In a recent study, an as yet unknown role of K+ in plant homeostasis was shown. It was demonstrated that K+ gradients in vascular tissues can serve as an energy source for phloem (re)loading processes and that the voltage-gated K+ channels of the AKT2-type play a unique role in this process. The AKT2 channel can be converted by phosphorylation of specific serine residues (S210 and S329) into a non-rectifying channel that allows a rapid efflux of K+ from the sieve element/companion cells (SE/CC) complex. The energy of this flux is used by other transporters for phloem (re)loading processes. Nonetheless, the results do indicate that post-translational modifications at S210 and S329 alone cannot explain AKT2 regulation. Here, we discuss the existence of multiple post-translational modification steps that work in concert to convert AKT2 from an inward-rectifying into a non-rectifying K+ channel.
Published: 2011

19. Systemic Signaling of the Plant Nitrogen Status Triggers Specific Transcriptome Responses Depending on the Nitrogen Source in Medicago truncatula

Author: Marc Lepetit, Michael K. Udvardi, Christophe Salon, Marie Laure Martin-Magniette, Klementina Kakar, Alain Gojon, Jérôme Gouzy, Margaretha J. van der Merwe, Sandra Freixes, Sandrine Ruffel, Christian Jeudy, Pascal Tillard, Alisdair R. Fernie, Sandrine Balzergue, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses à Graines (UMRLEG) (UMR 102), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Unité de recherche en génomique végétale (URGV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: inorganic chemicals, 0106 biological sciences, Transcription, Genetic, Nitrogen, Physiology, Azote, Functional response, Plant Science, Plant Roots, 01 natural sciences, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, Symbiosis, Botany, Gene expression, Medicago, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, RNA, Messenger, Gene, Root N Acquisiton, 030304 developmental biology, Regulator gene, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, biology, Medicago Truncatula, ACL, fungi, Nitrogen Source, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Medicago truncatula, Cell biology, Split Root, Rhizobium, Genome, Plant, Signal Transduction, Research Article, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Legumes can acquire nitrogen (N) from NO3 −, NH4 +, and N2 (through symbiosis with Rhizobium bacteria); however, the mechanisms by which uptake and assimilation of these N forms are coordinately regulated to match the N demand of the plant are currently unknown. Here, we find by use of the split-root approach in Medicago truncatula plants that NO3 − uptake, NH4 + uptake, and N2 fixation are under general control by systemic signaling of plant N status. Indeed, irrespective of the nature of the N source, N acquisition by one side of the root system is repressed by high N supply to the other side. Transcriptome analysis facilitated the identification of over 3,000 genes that were regulated by systemic signaling of the plant N status. However, detailed scrutiny of the data revealed that the observation of differential gene expression was highly dependent on the N source. Localized N starvation results, in the unstarved roots of the same plant, in a strong compensatory up-regulation of NO3 − uptake but not of either NH4 + uptake or N2 fixation. This indicates that the three N acquisition pathways do not always respond similarly to a change in plant N status. When taken together, these data indicate that although systemic signals of N status control root N acquisition, the regulatory gene networks targeted by these signals, as well as the functional response of the N acquisition systems, are predominantly determined by the nature of the N source.
Published: 2008

20. Control of Vegetative to Reproductive Phase Transition Improves Biomass Yield and Simultaneously Reduces Lignin Content in Medicago truncatula

Author: Pascal Ratet, Fang Chen, Jeremy D. Murray, Michael K. Udvardi, Kirankumar S. Mysore, Jiangqi Wen, Million Tadege, Richard A. Dixon, Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, University of New South Wales [Canberra Campus] (UNSW), Institut des sciences du végétal (ISV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Medicago, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Vegetative reproduction, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, Mutant, food and beverages, Lignocellulosic biomass, Biomass, Biology, Photosynthesis, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Medicago truncatula, 03 medical and health sciences, Germination, Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Agronomy and Crop Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Lignocellulosic biomass has the potential to be a significant source of renewable energy, provided that current challenges regarding sufficient biomass production and efficient biomass conversion are met. Floral transition is a major developmental switch in the life of flowering plants which dictates whether photosynthetic products should be invested in vegetative growth or reproductive development. To directly evaluate the contribution of floral transition to biomass yield, we manipulated the onset of flowering in the model legume Medicago truncatula using a mutagenesis approach. Through forward genetics screening of Tnt1-tagged mutants, we identified three M. truncatula lines altered in flowering time and fertility: a delayed flowering mutant named vernalization-insensitive delayed flowering in long days (vdf), a nonflowering stemless mutant named headless (hdl), and a male sterile mutant named medicago male sterile 1 (mms1). Biomass yield analyses at different stages of development in these mutants revealed that the vdf mutant had the highest aboveground biomass and the hdl mutant had the lowest biomass at 70 days after germination. The difference in biomass yield between the vdf mutant and wild-type R108 became apparent after floral initiation and peaked at 90 days after germination, the late blooming stage for R108, where the vdf plants produced approximately twofold more biomass than R108. Interestingly, vdf, hdl, and mms1 mutants produced significantly less lignin than R108. Our results suggest that delaying floral initiation could be employed as a convenient tool to simultaneously improve biomass quantity and quality, provided that this is achieved without pleiotropic developmental defects.
Published: 2015

21. Adjustments of embryonic photosynthetic activity modulate seed fitness in Arabidopsis thaliana

Author: Silva Lerbs-Mache, Denis Falconet, Joseph Ly Vu, Marcel Kuntz, Alisdair R. Fernie, Sonia Osorio, Florence Courtois, Juliette Jouhet, Giovanni Finazzi, Guillaume Allorent, David Macherel, Laboratoire de physiologie cellulaire végétale (LPCV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Marie Curie ITN Accliphot (FP7-PEPOPLE-2012-ITN, 316427), ANR-07-GPLA-0013,SEEDPLASTOMICS,Embryonic photosynthesis and seed maturation : characterisation of plastid gene expression and its importance for germination vigour and longevity of seeds(2007), ANR: NT09_567009,Phytadapt,Phytadapt, ANR: GENOM-BTV-002-01,GENOM-BTV-002-01,GENOM-BTV-002-01, ANR–10–LABEX–04 ,GRAL,Labex, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ANR-09-BLAN-0139,PhytAdapt,Adaptation du phytoplancton(2009), ANR-10-GENM-0002,Chloro-types,Adaptation du chloroplaste aux stress abiotiques : utilisation de la protéomique pour révéler les phénotypes moléculaires(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0004,CeMEB,Mediterranean Center for Environment and Biodiversity(2010), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Angers (UA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST
Subjects: Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arabidopsis Thaliana, Arabidopsis, Germination, Plant Science, Biology, Development, Photosynthesis, Photosystem I, Electron Transport, Botany, Arabidopsis thaliana, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Seed development, Plant Proteins, Seed, Photosystem I Protein Complex, Arabidopsis Proteins, Oxygen evolution, food and beverages, Far-red, NADH Dehydrogenase, Plant, biology.organism_classification, Electron transport chain, chloroplast morphology, Chloroplast, cyclic electron flow, Embryo, Mutation, Seeds, Biophysics, Sunlight
Abstract: International audience; In this work, we dissect the physiological role of the transient photosynthetic stage observed in developing seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana. By combining biochemical and biophysical approaches, we demonstrate that despite similar features of the photosynthetic apparatus, light absorption, chloroplast morphology and electron transport are modified in green developing seeds, as a possible response to the peculiar light environment experienced by them as a result of sunlight filtration by the pericarp. In particular, enhanced exposure to far-red light, which mainly excites photosystem I, largely enhances cyclic electron flow around this complex at the expenses of oxygen evolution. Using pharmacological, genetic and metabolic analyses, we show that both linear and cyclic electron flows are important during seed formation for proper germination timing. Linear flow provides specific metabolites related to oxygen and water stress responses. Cyclic electron flow possibly adjusts the ATP to NADPH ratio to cope with the specific energy demand of developing seeds. By providing a comprehensive scenario of the characteristics, function and consequences of embryonic photosynthesis on seed vigour, our data provide a rationale for the transient building up of a photosynthetic machinery in seeds.
Published: 2015

22. Overexpression of the sucrose transporter SoSUT1 in potato results in alterations in leaf carbon partitioning and in tuber metabolism but has little impact on tuber morphology

Author: Rémi Lemoine, Ellen Zuther, Wolf B. Frommer, Georg Leggewie, Anna Kolbe, Alisdair R. Fernie, Lothar Willmitzer, Jorg W. Riesmeier, Anna Lytovchenko, Julia Kehr, Ute Roessner, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Transport des assimilats (TA), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut für Botanik, and Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sucrose, Sucrose transport, Carbohydrate metabolism, Plant Science, Solanum, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Spinacia oleracea, Transitory starch, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Sugar, Plant Proteins, Solanum tuberosum, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Plant Stems, Metabolite analysis, biology, Cell Membrane, fungi, Membrane Transport Proteins, food and beverages, Carbohydrate, Plants, Genetically Modified, biology.organism_classification, Plant Leaves, Phenotype, chemistry, Biochemistry, Heterologous expression, Solanaceae, Phenocopy, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The aim of this work was to examine the consequences of the heterologous expression of a spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L.) sucrose transporter ( SoSUT1) in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.). Many studies have indicated that reduction of the expression of this class of sucrose transporter has deleterious effects on plant growth and development; however, until now the possibility of improving plant performance by enhancing the expression of this sucrose transporter has not been reported. With this intention we constructed a chimeric construct in which SoSUT1 was cloned in-frame with the myc epitope. We confirmed that this construct, SoSUT1m, was able to mediate sucrose transport by expression in the yeast strain SUSY7. SoSUT1m was expressed in wild-type potato in the sense orientation under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter to evaluate the effect of an increased constitutive expression of a class-I sucrose transporter. We confirmed that these plants displayed expression of SoSUT1 at both the transcript and protein level and that microsomal fragments isolated from selected lines had an increased sucrose uptake capacity. Analysis of metabolism of these lines indicated that the leaves were characterised by a reduced sucrose level yet exhibited little change in photosynthetic rate. Furthermore, despite the observed increase in sugar (and reduction in amino acid) levels within the tubers, there was little change in either starch content or tuber yield in the transformants. In summary, the genetic manipulation described in this paper resulted in a shift in carbon partitioning in both leaves and tubers and an increased sucrose uptake rate in plasma-membrane vesicles isolated from these lines, but had little impact on tuber metabolism or morphology.
Published: 2003

23. Extreme specificity of NCR gene expression in Medicago truncatula

Author: Michael K. Udvardi, Pascal Ratet, Willem Van de Velde, Ibtissem Guefrachi, Peter Mergaert, Mohamed Mars, Benoit Alunni, Catalina I. Pislariu, Eva Kondorosi, Marianna Nagymihály, Institut des sciences du végétal (ISV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversity and Valorization of Arid Areas Bioressources (BVBAA), University of Gabes, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Subjects: Transcriptional Activation, Aging, Root nodule, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, Nodulation, Rhizobia, Legume nitrogen fixation, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Stress, Physiological, Gene expression, Botany, Medicago truncatula, Genetics, Gene family, Cluster Analysis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Symbiosis, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Gene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Sinorhizobium meliloti, Gene Expression Profiling, fungi, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Bacteroid, NCR, Transcriptome compendium, Defensin, Organ Specificity, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Rhizobium, Peptides, Root Nodules, Plant, Biotechnology, Research Article
Abstract: Background Legumes form root nodules to house nitrogen fixing bacteria of the rhizobium family. The rhizobia are located intracellularly in the symbiotic nodule cells. In the legume Medicago truncatula these cells produce high amounts of Nodule-specific Cysteine-Rich (NCR) peptides which induce differentiation of the rhizobia into enlarged, polyploid and non-cultivable bacterial cells. NCRs are similar to innate immunity antimicrobial peptides. The NCR gene family is extremely large in Medicago with about 600 genes. Results Here we used the Medicago truncatula Gene Expression Atlas (MtGEA) and other published microarray data to analyze the expression of 334 NCR genes in 267 different experimental conditions. We find that all but five of these genes are expressed in nodules but in no other plant organ or in response to any other biotic interaction or abiotic stress tested. During symbiosis, none of the genes are induced by Nod factors. The NCR genes are activated in successive waves during nodule organogenesis, correlated with bacterial infection of the nodule cells and with a specific spatial localization of their transcripts from the apical to the proximal nodule zones. However, NCR expression is not associated with nodule senescence. According to their Shannon entropy, a measure expressing tissue specificity of gene expression, the NCR genes are among the most specifically expressed genes in M. truncatula. Moreover, when activated in nodules, their expression level is among the highest of all genes. Conclusions Together, these data show that the NCR gene expression is subject to an extreme tight regulation and is only activated during nodule organogenesis in the polyploid symbiotic cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-712) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2014

24. Impact of the carbon and nitrogen supply on relationships and connectivity between metabolism and biomass in a broad panel of Arabidopsis accessions

Author: Carla António, Alisdair R. Fernie, Hirofumi Ishihara, Ronan Sulpice, Mark Stitt, Abdelhalim Larhlimi, Hendrik Tschoep, Sabrina Kleessen, Yves Gibon, Joachim Selbig, Zoran Nikoloski, Plant Metabolism, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Universität Potsdam, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Nantes Atlantique (LINA), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, chemistry.chemical_element, MESH: Carbon, Plant Science, Biology, MESH: Phenotype, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Regression Analysis, Correlation, MESH: Genotype, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Biomass, Arabidopsis, Botany, Partial least squares regression, Genetics, MESH: Arabidopsis, MESH: Environment, MESH: Nitrogen, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Regression analysis, Metabolism, 15. Life on land, Random effects model, biology.organism_classification, Nitrogen, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Agronomy, chemistry, MESH: Metabolic Networks and Pathways, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], MESH: Models, Statistical, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Natural genetic diversity provides a powerful tool to study the complex interrelationship between metabolism and growth. Profiling of metabolic traits combined with network-based and statistical analyses allow the comparison of conditions and identification of sets of traits that predict biomass. However, it often remains unclear why a particular set of metabolites is linked with biomass and to what extent the predictive model is applicable beyond a particular growth condition. A panel of 97 genetically diverse Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions was grown in near-optimal carbon and nitrogen supply, restricted carbon supply, and restricted nitrogen supply and analyzed for biomass and 54 metabolic traits. Correlation-based metabolic networks were generated from the genotype-dependent variation in each condition to reveal sets of metabolites that show coordinated changes across accessions. The networks were largely specific for a single growth condition. Partial least squares regression from metabolic traits allowed prediction of biomass within and, slightly more weakly, across conditions (cross-validated Pearson correlations in the range of 0.27–0.58 and 0.21–0.51 and P values in the range of
Published: 2013

25. Molecular regulation of seed and fruit set

Author: Alisdair R. Fernie, Yong-Ling Ruan, John W. Patrick, Mondher Bouzayen, Sonia Osorio, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (GERMANY), University of Malaga (SPAIN), Newcastle University (UNITED KINGDOM), Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora', Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement - ACRCCI (Callaghan, Australia), University of Newcastle [Australia] (UoN), School of Environmental and Life Sciences - SELS (Callaghan, Australia), Génomique et Biotechnologie des Fruits (GBF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterranea 'La Mayora' (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Australian Research Council [DP110104931, DP120104148], France's Laboratoire d'Excellence (LABEX) [ANR-10-LABX-41], Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y MediterrÃ¡nea 'La Mayora' - IHSM (Malaga, Spain), and Universidad de Málaga [Málaga]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sucrose, Ovary (botany), Plant Science, medicine.disease_cause, Parthenocarpy, 01 natural sciences, Solanum lycopersicum, Plant Growth Regulators, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Génétique des plantes, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, food and beverages, Plants, Fragaria, Seeds, Gibberellin, Signal Transduction, Génomique, Transcriptomique et Protéomique, Fruit set, Flowers, Biology, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Auxin, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Pollen, Botany, medicine, Plant Physiological Phenomena, 030304 developmental biology, Indoleacetic Acids, Seed, fungi, Membrane Transport Proteins, Biological Transport, Parthenocarpic fruit, biology.organism_classification, Gibberellins, Fertility, chemistry, Fruit, Solanum, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Publication Inra prise en compte dans l'analyse bibliométrique des publications scientifiques mondiales sur les Fruits, les Légumes et la Pomme de terre. Période 2000-2012. http://prodinra.inra.fr/record/256699; International audience; Seed and fruit set are established during and soon after fertilization and determine seed and fruit number, their final size and, hence, yield potential. These processes are highly sensitive to biotic and abiotic stresses, which often lead to seed and fruit abortion. Here, we review the regulation of assimilate partitioning, including the potential roles of recently identified sucrose efflux transporters in seed and fruit set and examine the similarities of sucrose import and hydrolysis for both pollen and ovary sinks, and similar causes of abortion. We also discuss the molecular origins of parthenocarpy and the central roles of auxins and gibberellins in fruit set. The recently completed strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genomes have added to the existing crop databases, and new models are starting to be used in fruit and seed set studies.
Published: 2012

26. Potassium (K plus ) gradients serve as a mobile energy source in plant vascular tissues

Author: Judith Lucia Gomez-Porras, Luiz Gustavo Guedes Corrêa, Santiago J. Ramírez-Aguilar, Erwan Michard, Jean-Baptiste Thibaud, Joost T. van Dongen, Michael Sandmann, Pawel Gajdanowicz, Ingo Dreyer, Marcio Rocha, Wendy González, Heisenberg Group of Biophysics and Molecular Plant Biology, University of Potsdam-Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Universidad de Talca, German Science Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) DR 430/5-1 /5-2, German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de Chile (CONICYT), Agropolis Fondation (Reseau Thematique de Recherche Avancee Montpellier) 0803-022, and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Potassium Channels, Potassium, channel gating, phloem reloading, Turgor pressure, 01 natural sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Arabidopsis, Vascular tissue, energy limiting condition, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, potassium, food and beverages, Biological Sciences, Potassium channel, Phenotype, Biochemistry, Energy source, Genome, Plant, potassium channel, Limiting factor, chemistry.chemical_element, posttranslational regulation, channelgating, pholem reloading, BIOLOGIE MOLECULAIRE, BIOLOGIE DU DEVELOPPEMENT, Biology, Genes, Plant, Models, Biological, physiologie végétale, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, transport membranaire, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, 030304 developmental biology, Models, Genetic, Arabidopsis Proteins, fungi, Computational Biology, Models, Theoretical, biology.organism_classification, Oxygen, arabidopsis, chemistry, Mutation, Biophysics, Phloem, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The essential mineral nutrient potassium (K + ) is the most important inorganic cation for plants and is recognized as a limiting factor for crop yield and quality. Nonetheless, it is only partially understood how K + contributes to plant productivity. K + is used as a major active solute to maintain turgor and to drive irreversible and reversible changes in cell volume. K + also plays an important role in numerous metabolic processes, for example, by serving as an essential cofactor of enzymes. Here, we provide evidence for an additional, previously unrecognized role of K + in plant growth. By combining diverse experimental approaches with computational cell simulation, we show that K + circulating in the phloem serves as a decentralized energy storage that can be used to overcome local energy limitations. Posttranslational modification of the phloem-expressed Arabidopsis K + channel AKT2 taps this “potassium battery,” which then efficiently assists the plasma membrane H + -ATPase in energizing the transmembrane phloem (re)loading processes.
Published: 2011

27. Identification of Arabidopsis mutants impaired in the systemic regulation of root nitrate uptake by the nitrogen status of the plant

Author: Thomas Girin, Alain Gojon, Thomas Widiez, Alexander Erban, Marc Lepetit, Hans-Michael Hubberten, El-Sayed El-Kafafi, Joachim Kopka, Rainer Hoefgen, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Arabidopsis thaliana, Physiology, NTR2.1, Mutant, Arabidopsis, Plant Science, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Plant Roots, nitrogen, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Génétique des plantes, Promoter Regions, Genetic, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, biology, Plant physiology, food and beverages, Systems Biology, Molecular Biology, and Gene Regulation, split root, Phenotype, Biochemistry, Anion Transport Proteins, Plants genetics, Genes, Plant, 03 medical and health sciences, physiologie végétale, NO3, nitrate, Genetics, medicine, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, transport membranaire, Gene, Psychological repression, 030304 developmental biology, Reporter gene, Nitrates, Arabidopsis Proteins, ACL, biology.organism_classification, root, racine, transport, Sulfur, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: L'article original est publié par The American Society of Plant Biologists; International audience; Nitrate uptake by the roots is under systemic feedback repression by high nitrogen (N) status of the whole plant. The NRT2.1 gene, which encodes a NO(3)(-) transporter involved in high-affinity root uptake, is a major target of this N signaling mechanism. Using transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants expressing the pNRT2.1::LUC reporter gene (NL line), we performed a genetic screen to isolate mutants altered in the NRT2.1 response to high N provision. Three hni (for high nitrogen insensitive) mutants belonging to three genetic loci and related to single and recessive mutations were selected. Compared to NL plants, these mutants display reduced down-regulation of both NRT2.1 expression and high-affinity NO(3)(-) influx under repressive conditions. Split-root experiments demonstrated that this is associated with an almost complete suppression of systemic repression of pNRT2.1 activity by high N status of the whole plant. Other mechanisms related to N and carbon nutrition regulating NRT2.1 or involved in the control of root SO(4)(-) uptake by the plant sulfur status are not or are slightly affected. The hni mutations did not lead to significant changes in total N and NO(3)(-) contents of the tissues, indicating that hni mutants are more likely regulatory mutants rather than assimilatory mutants. Nevertheless, hni mutations induce changes in amino acid, organic acid, and sugars pools, suggesting a possible role of these metabolites in the control of NO(3)(-) uptake by the plant N status. Altogether, our data indicate that the three hni mutants define a new class of N signaling mutants specifically impaired in the systemic feedback repression of root NO(3)(-) uptake.
Published: 2010

28. Functional analysis of the anaphase promoting complex activator CCS52A highlights the crucial role of endo-reduplication for fruit growth in tomato

Author: Mathieu-Rivet, Elodie, Gevaudant, Frederic, Sicard, Adrien, Salar, Sophie, Do, Phuc Thi, MOURAS, Armand, Fernie, Alisdair, Gibon, Yves, Rothan, Christophe, Chevalier, Christian, Hernould, Michel, Biologie du Fruit, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1
Subjects: growth, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], food and beverages, CCS52A, fruit, tomato, anaphase promoting complex, endo‐reduplication
Abstract: International audience; Tomato fruit growth is characterized by the occurrence of numerous rounds of DNA endo‐reduplication in connection with cell expansion and final fruit size determination. Endo‐reduplication is an impairment of mitosis that originates from the selective degradation of M phase‐specific cyclins via the ubiquitin‐mediated proteolytic pathway, requiring the E3 ubiquitin ligase anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Two types of APC/C activators, namely CCS52 and CDC20 proteins, exist in plants. We report here the molecular characterization of such APC/C activators during fruit development, and provide an in planta functional analysis of SlCCS52A, a gene that is specifically associated with endo‐reduplication in tomato. Altering SlCCS52A expression in either a negative or positive manner had an impact on the extent of endo‐reduplication in fruit, and fruit size was reduced in both cases. In SlCCS52A over‐expressing fruits, endo‐reduplication was initially delayed, accounting for the altered final fruit size, but resumed and was even enhanced at 15 days post anthesis (dpa), leading to fruit growth recovery. This induction of growth mediated by endo‐reduplication had a considerable impact on nitrogen metabolism in developing fruits. Our data contribute to unravelling of the physiological role of endo‐reduplication in growth induction during tomato fruit development.
Published: 2010

29. Identification of transcription factors involved in root apex responses to salt stress in Medicago truncatula

Author: Adnane Boualem, Florian Frugier, Michael K. Udvardi, Martin Crespi, Benoit Alunni, Anouck Diet, Véronique Gruber, Ons Zahaf, Klementina Kakar, Sandrine Blanchet, Laboratoire de physiologie cellulaire végétale (LPCV), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences du végétal (ISV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, GLIP Fellowship, Tunisian Government, Tunis, Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay (IPS2 (UMR_9213 / UMR_1403)), and Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gene Expression, Sodium Chloride, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Gene expression, MESH: Genes, Plant, MYB, MESH: Stress, Physiological, MESH: Medicago truncatula, MESH: Meristem, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, biology, MESH: Plant Proteins, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, General Medicine, MESH: Transcription Factors, Legumes, Medicago truncatula, Cell biology, Spatial expression, Root meristem, MESH: Gene Expression, MESH: Sodium Chloride, Meristem, Genes, Plant, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, Osmotic Pressure, Stress, Physiological, Genetics, Transcription factors, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Transcriptomics, Transcription factor, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Original Paper, Abiotic stress, Microarray analysis techniques, Gene Expression Profiling, 15. Life on land, MESH: Osmotic Pressure, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, Gene expression profiling, MESH: Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The root apex contains meristematic cells that determine root growth and architecture in the soil. Specific transcription factor (TF) genes in this region may integrate endogenous signals and external cues to achieve this. Early changes in transcriptional responses involving TF genes after a salt stress in Medicago truncatula (Mt) roots were analysed using two complementary transcriptomic approaches. Forty-six salt-regulated TF genes were identified using massive quantitative real-time RT-PCR TF profiling in whole roots. In parallel, Mt16K+ microarray analysis revealed 824 genes (including 84 TF sequences) showing significant changes (p
Published: 2009

30. Deficiency in Phylloquinone (Vitamin K 1 ) Methylation Affects Prenyl Quinone Distribution, Photosystem I Abundance, and Anthocyanin Accumulation in the Arabidopsis AtmenG Mutant

Author: Mark Aurel Schöttler, Ralph Bock, Claire Bréhélin, Edgar B. Cahoon, Felix Kessler, Peter Dörmann, Antje Lohmann, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de biogenèse membranaire (LBM), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, and Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
Subjects: Photosystem II, Light, Plastoglobule, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Arabidopsis, macromolecular substances, Photosynthesis, Photosystem I, Biochemistry, Methylation, Anthocyanins, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Molecular Biology, Photosystem, biology, Photosystem I Protein Complex, Arabidopsis Proteins, Synechocystis, Prenylamine, food and beverages, Cell Biology, Methyltransferases, Vitamin K 1, biology.organism_classification, Chloroplast, Thylakoid, Gene Deletion, Naphthoquinones
Abstract: International audience; Phylloquinone (vitamin K 1) is synthesized in cyanobacteria and in chloroplasts of plants, where it serves as electron carrier of photosystem I. The last step of phylloquinone synthesis in cyanobacteria is the methylation of 2-phytyl-1,4-naphthoqui-none by the menG gene product. Here, we report that the uncharacterized Arabidopsis gene At1g23360, which shows sequence similarity to menG, functionally complements the Synechocystis menG mutant. An Arabidopsis mutant, AtmenG, carrying a T-DNA insertion in the gene At1g23360 is devoid of phylloquinone, but contains an increased amount of 2-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. Phylloquinone and 2-phytyl-1,4-naph-thoquinone in thylakoid membranes of wild type and AtmenG, respectively, predominantly localize to photosystem I, whereas excess amounts of prenyl quinones are stored in plastoglobules. Photosystem I reaction centers are decreased in AtmenG plants under high light, as revealed by immunoblot and spectroscopic measurements. Anthocyanin accumulation and chalcone syn-thase (CHS1) transcription are affected during high light exposure , indicating that alterations in photosynthesis in AtmenG affect gene expression in the nucleus. Photosystem II quantum yield is decreased under high light. Therefore, the loss of phyl-loquinone methylation affects photosystem I stability or turnover , and the limitation in functional photosystem I complexes results in overreduction of photosystem II under high light.
Published: 2006

31. Evidence of the crucial role of sucrose synthase for sink strength using transgenic potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Author: Marcel Salanoubat, L. Willmitzer, Rita Zrenner, Uwe Sonnewald, Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), and Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sucrose, DNA, Complementary, Starch, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Genetics, Storage protein, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Hexoses, Plant Proteins, Solanum tuberosum, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Base Sequence, Sucrose synthase activity, fungi, food and beverages, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Plants, Genetically Modified, Invertase, chemistry, Biochemistry, Glucosyltransferases, biology.protein, Sucrose synthase, Patatin, Solanaceae, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Sink strength of growing potato tubers is believed to be limited by sucrose metabolism and/or starch synthesis. Sucrose synthase (Susy) is most likely responsible for the entire sucrose cleavage in sink tubers, rather than invertases. To investigate the unique role of sucrose synthase with respect to sucrose metabolism and sink strength in growing potato tubers, transgenic potato plants were created expressing Susy antisense RNA corresponding to the T-type sucrose synthase isoform. Although the constitutive 35S CaMV promoter was used to drive the expression of the antisense RNA the inhibition of Susy activity was tuber-specific, indicating that independent Susy isoforms are responsible for Susy activity in different potato organs. The inhibition of Susy leads to no change in sucrose content, a strong accumulation of reducing sugars and an inhibition of starch accumulation in developing potato tubers. The increase in hexoses is paralleled by a 40-fold increase in invertase activities but no considerable changes in hexokinase activities. The reduction in starch accumulation is not due to an inhibition of the major starch biosynthetic enzymes. The changes in carbohydrate accumulation are accompanied by a decrease in total tuber dry weight and a reduction of soluble tuber proteins. The reduced protein accumulation is mainly due to a decrease in the major storage proteins patatin, the 22 kDa proteins and the proteinase inhibitors. The lowered accumulation of storage proteins is not a consequence of the availability of the free amino acid pool in potato tubers. Altogether these data are in agreement with the assumption that sucrose synthase is the major determinant of potato tuber sink strength. Contradictory to the hypothesis that the sink strength of growing potato tubers is inversely correlated with the tuber number per plant, no increase in tuber number per plant was found in Susy antisense plants.
Published: 1995

32. Expression of an Arabidopsis sucrose synthase gene indicates a role in metabolization of sucrose both during phloem loading and in sink organs

Author: Marcel Salanoubat, Lothar Willmitzer, Wolf B. Frommer, Thomas Martin, Laboratoire Informatique, Image et Interaction - EA 2118 (L3I), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, and La Rochelle Université (ULR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Sucrose, DNA, Complementary, Molecular Sequence Data, Restriction Mapping, Arabidopsis, Gene Expression, Plant Science, Carbohydrate metabolism, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Reporter gene, biology, Base Sequence, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Sucrose synthase activity, Fructose, Cell Biology, biology.organism_classification, Plants, Genetically Modified, chemistry, Biochemistry, Glucosyltransferases, biology.protein, Sucrose synthase, Phloem, Energy Metabolism, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Sucrose synthase, an important enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, catalyzes the reversible conversion of sucrose and UDP to UDP-glucose and fructose in vitro. To investigate the in vivo function of sucrose synthase, both the gene (Asus1) and a corresponding cDNA from roots of Arabidopsis were isolated. The Asus1 gene has homologies of 67-72% to sucrose synthase genes from other species. Histochemical GUS analysis of Arabidopsis and tobacco plants transformed with a 1.5 kb Asus1 promoter fragment transcriptionally fused to the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene showed that the Asus1 gene is expressed in the phloem of leaves, and in roots. Induction is found under conditions of limited ATP supply and increased demand for translocation of carbohydrates such as anaerobic or cold treatment. During anaerobiosis the increase in RNA level leads to increased sucrose synthase activity in roots. The expression pattern and regulation of the gene suggest that sucrose synthase is involved in the supply of energy for phloem loading in source tissues, and in metabolization of sucrose in sink tissues after unloading.
Published: 1993

33. Adenine Nucleotide and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Measurements in Plants

Author: Ina Krahnert, Antje Bolze, Alisdair R. Fernie, Youjun Zhang, Yves Gibon, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology [Plovdiv] (CPSBB), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), and ANR-11-INBS-0012,PHENOME,Centre français de phénomique végétale(2011)
Subjects: ADP, 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, 01 natural sciences, Redox, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Métabolisme, Adenine nucleotide, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Adenine Nucleotides, Catabolism, General Medicine, Metabolism, NAD, Physiologie végétale, ATP, NADH/NADPH, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Metabolic pathway, Enzyme, chemistry, Biochemistry, ADP, ATP, NAD+/NADP+, NADH/NADPH, NAD+/NADP+, Plante, NAD+ kinase, Oxidation-Reduction, NADP, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: As the principal co‐factors of many metabolic pathways, the measurement of both adenine nucleotides and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide provides important information about cellular energy metabolism. However, given their rapid and reversible conversion as well as their relatively low concentration ranges, it is difficult to measure these compounds. Here, we describe a highly sensitive and selective ion‐pairing HPLC method with fluorescence detection to quantify adenine nucleotides in plants. In addition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is a crucially important redox‐active substrate for multiple catabolic and anabolic reactions with the ratios of NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH being suggested as indicators of the general intracellular redox potential and hence metabolic state. Here, we describe highly sensitive enzyme cycling−based colorimetric assays (with a detection limit in the pmol range) performed subsequent to a simple extraction procedure involving acid or base extraction to allow the measurement of the cellular levels of these metabolites. © 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of plant material for the measurement Basic Protocol 2: Measurement of ATP, ADP, and AMP via HPLC Basic Protocol 3: NAD+/NADP+ measurements Basic Protocol 4: NADH/NADPH measurements Basic Protocol 5: Data analysis and quality control approaches
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34. Optimized transgene expression in the red alga Porphyridium purpureum and efficient recombinant protein secretion into the culture medium.

Author: Hammel A, Neupert J, and Bock R
Subjects: Biotechnology, RNA Stability, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Porphyridium genetics, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genetics, Microalgae genetics
Abstract: Microalgae represent a promising but yet underexplored production platform for biotechnology. The vast majority of studies on recombinant protein expression in algae have been conducted in a single species, the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, due to epigenetic silencing, transgene expression in Chlamydomonas is often inefficient. Here we have investigated parameters that govern efficient transgene expression in the red microalga Porphyridium purpureum. Porphyridium is unique in that the introduced transformation vectors are episomally maintained as autonomously replicating plasmids in the nucleus. We show that full codon optimization to the preferred codon usage in the Porphyridium genome confers superior transgene expression, not only at the level of protein accumulation, but also at the level of mRNA accumulation, indicating that high translation rates increase mRNA stability. Our optimized expression constructs resulted in YFP accumulation to unprecedented levels of up to 5% of the total soluble protein. We also designed expression cassettes that target foreign proteins to the secretory pathway and lead to efficient protein secretion into the culture medium, thus simplifying recombinant protein harvest and purification. Our study paves the way to the exploration of red microalgae as expression hosts in molecular farming for recombinant proteins and metabolites., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
Published: 2024
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35. Stabilization and translation of synthetic operon-derived mRNAs in chloroplasts by sequences representing PPR protein-binding sites.

Author: Legen J, Ruf S, Kroop X, Wang G, Barkan A, Bock R, and Schmitz-Linneweber C
Subjects: Binding Sites, Chloroplasts genetics, DNA, Intergenic genetics, Plants, Genetically Modified, RNA, Messenger metabolism, RNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Nicotiana genetics, Nicotiana metabolism, Chloroplasts metabolism, Operon genetics, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Transgenes genetics
Abstract: The chloroplast is a prime target for genetic engineering in plants, offering various advantages over nuclear transformation. For example, chloroplasts allow the expression of polycistronic transcripts and thus to engineer complex metabolic pathways. Each cistron within such a longer transcript needs its own expression elements. Within the 5'-UTR, such expression elements are needed for stabilizing mRNAs and for translation of the downstream reading frame. One of the few effective expression elements used so far in transplastomic approaches is the intercistronic expression element (IEE). The IEE is derived from the psbT-psbH intergenic region and includes a target sequence of the RNA binding protein HCF107. We here show that excessive expression of the IEE can lead to specific defects of endogenous chloroplast mRNA stabilization, likely via depletion of HCF107. Key players in chloroplast transcript stabilization and translation are pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, which are structurally related to HCF107. PPR proteins that stabilize mRNAs leave behind short RNA footprints that are indicators of their activity. We identified such sRNAs in tobacco, and demonstrate that they are sufficient to stabilize and stimulate translation of mRNAs from synthetic dicistronic transgenes in chloroplasts. Thus, minimal sequence elements are generally adequate to support key steps in chloroplast gene expression, i.e. RNA stability and translation. Furthermore, our analysis expands the repertoire of available expression elements to facilitate the assembly and expression of multi-gene ensembles in the chloroplast., (© 2018 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2018
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36. Dissecting the contributions of GC content and codon usage to gene expression in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Author: Barahimipour R, Strenkert D, Neupert J, Schroda M, Merchant SS, and Bock R
Subjects: Algal Proteins genetics, Algal Proteins metabolism, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii metabolism, Immunoblotting, Luminescent Proteins genetics, Luminescent Proteins metabolism, Microscopy, Confocal, Mutation, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Transgenes, Base Composition genetics, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genetics, Codon genetics, Gene Expression
Abstract: The efficiency of gene expression in all organisms depends on the nucleotide composition of the coding region. GC content and codon usage are the two key sequence features known to influence gene expression, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not entirely clear. Here we have determined the relative contributions of GC content and codon usage to the efficiency of nuclear gene expression in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. By comparing gene variants that encode an identical amino acid sequence but differ in their GC content and/or codon usage, we show that codon usage is the key factor determining translational efficiency and, surprisingly, also mRNA stability. By contrast, unfavorable GC content affects gene expression at the level of the chromatin structure by triggering heterochromatinization. We further show that mutant algal strains that permit high-level transgene expression are less susceptible to epigenetic transgene suppression and do not establish a repressive chromatin structure at the transgenic locus. Our data disentangle the relationship between GC content and codon usage, and suggest simple strategies to overcome the transgene expression problem in Chlamydomonas., (© 2015 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2015
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37. Transposition of a bacterial insertion sequence in chloroplasts.

Author: Kohl S and Bock R
Subjects: Base Sequence, DNA, Plant genetics, Escherichia coli genetics, Genome, Chloroplast, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Insertional, Transformation, Genetic, Chloroplasts genetics, DNA Transposable Elements, Frameshifting, Ribosomal, Nicotiana genetics
Abstract: Bacterial transposable elements (IS elements, transposons) represent an important determinant of genome structure and dynamics, and are a major force driving genome evolution. Here, we have tested whether bacterial insertion sequences (IS elements) can transpose in a prokaryotic compartment of the plant cell, the plastid (chloroplast). Using plastid transformation, we have integrated different versions of the Escherichia coli IS element IS150 into the plastid genome of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. We show that IS150 is faithfully mobilized inside the chloroplast, and that enormous quantities of transposition intermediates accumulate. As synthesis of the IS150 transposase is dependent upon programmed ribosomal frame shifting, our data indicate that this process also occurs in chloroplasts. Interestingly, all insertion events detected affect a single site in the plastid genome, suggesting that the integration of IS150 is highly sequence dependent. In contrast, the initiation of the transposition process was found to be independent of the sequence context. Finally, our data also demonstrate that plastids lack the capacity to repair double-strand breaks in their genomes by non-homologous end joining, a finding that has important implications for genome stability, and which may explain the peculiar immunity of the plastid to invading promiscuous DNA sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial origin.
Published: 2009
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38. Generation of Chlamydomonas strains that efficiently express nuclear transgenes.

Author: Neupert J, Karcher D, and Bock R
Subjects: Animals, Animals, Genetically Modified genetics, Animals, Genetically Modified metabolism, Cell Nucleus genetics, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii genetics, DNA, Algal genetics, Gene Expression, Transformation, Genetic, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii metabolism, Genetic Engineering methods, Transgenes
Abstract: The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is both an invaluable model organism for plant biology and an attractive biotechnological production system. Despite the availability of efficient methods for introduction of foreign genes into the nuclear genome of the alga, transgene expression levels are usually very poor. This is a serious limitation that has severely hampered both post-genomics research in Chlamydomonas and use of the alga in molecular farming. Here we report a solution to this problem. We have designed a genetic screen that facilitates isolation of algal strains that efficiently express introduced transgenes. The levels of accumulation of foreign protein in our expression strains are almost uniformly high in all transgenic clones and are little influenced by position effects. The possibility of expressing transgenes to high levels will greatly facilitate post-genomics research in Chlamydomonas, and will also boost exploitation of the alga as an inexpensive production host for biopharmaceuticals and other valuable compounds.
Published: 2009
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39. Identification of a plastid intercistronic expression element (IEE) facilitating the expression of stable translatable monocistronic mRNAs from operons.

Author: Zhou F, Karcher D, and Bock R
Subjects: Base Sequence, Chromosome Mapping, DNA, Intergenic chemistry, Gene Expression, Genes, Reporter, Molecular Sequence Data, Plants, Genetically Modified metabolism, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Operon, Plastids genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional, Nicotiana genetics
Abstract: Most plastid genes are part of operons and expressed as polycistronic mRNAs. Many primary polycistronic transcripts undergo post-transcriptional processing in monocistronic or oligocistronic units. At least some polycistronic transcripts are not translatable, and endonucleolytic processing may therefore be a prerequisite for translation to occur. As the requirements for intercistronic mRNA processing into stable monocistronic transcript are not well understood, we have sought to define minimum sequence elements that trigger processing and thus are capable of generating stable translatable monocistronic mRNAs. We describe here the in vivo identification of a small intercistronic expression element that mediates intercistronic cleavage into stable monocistronic transcripts. Separation of foreign genes by this element facilitates transgene stacking in operons, and thus will help to expand the range of applications of transplastomic technology.
Published: 2007
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40. Contained metabolic engineering in tomatoes by expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes from the plastid genome.

Author: Wurbs D, Ruf S, and Bock R
Subjects: Bacterial Proteins genetics, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, DNA, Chloroplast genetics, Erwinia enzymology, Erwinia genetics, Fungal Proteins genetics, Fungal Proteins metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Genetic Engineering methods, Genetic Vectors genetics, Herbicide Resistance genetics, Intramolecular Lyases metabolism, Solanum lycopersicum metabolism, Phycomyces enzymology, Phycomyces genetics, Plants, Genetically Modified, Transformation, Genetic, Transgenes genetics, Carotenoids biosynthesis, Chloroplasts genetics, Intramolecular Lyases genetics, Solanum lycopersicum genetics
Abstract: Applications of chloroplast engineering in agriculture and biotechnology will depend critically on success in extending the crop range of chloroplast transformation, and on the feasibility of expressing transgenes in edible organs (such as tubers and fruits), which often are not green and thus are much less active in chloroplast gene expression. We have improved a recently developed chloroplast-transformation system for tomato plants and applied it to engineering one of the central metabolic pathways in fruits: carotenoid biosynthesis. We report that plastid expression of a bacterial lycopene beta-cyclase gene results in herbicide resistance and triggers conversion of lycopene, the main storage carotenoid of tomatoes, to beta-carotene, resulting in fourfold enhanced pro-vitamin A content of the fruits. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of engineering nutritionally important biochemical pathways in non-green plastids by transformation of the chloroplast genome.
Published: 2007
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41. The K+ channel SKT1 is co-expressed with KST1 in potato guard cells--both channels can co-assemble via their conserved KT domains.

Author: Zimmermann S, Hartje S, Ehrhardt T, Plesch G, and Mueller-Roeber B
Subjects: Animals, Base Sequence, DNA Primers, Genes, Reporter, Molecular Sequence Data, Plant Proteins metabolism, Potassium Channels metabolism, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Solanum tuberosum metabolism, Xenopus, Plant Proteins genetics, Potassium Channels genetics, Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying, Solanum tuberosum genetics
Abstract: An appreciable number of potassium channels mediating K+ uptake have been identified in higher plants. Promoter-beta-glucuronidase reporter gene studies were used here to demonstrate that SKT1, encoding a potato K+ inwardly rectifying channel, is expressed in guard cells in addition to KST1 previously reported. However, whereas KST1 was found to be expressed in essentially all mature guard cells, SKT1 expression was almost exclusively restricted to guard cells of the abaxial leaf epidermis. This suggests that different types of K+ channel subunits contribute to channel formation in potato guard cells and therefore differential regulation of stomatal movements in the two leaf surfaces. The overlapping expression pattern of SKT1 and KST1 in abaxial guard cells indicates that K+in channels of different sub-families contribute to ionic currents in this cell type, thus explaining the different properties of channels expressed solely in heterologous systems and those endogenous to guard cells. Interaction studies had previously suggested that plant K+ inward rectifiers form clusters via their conserved C-terminal domain, KT/HA. K+ channels co-expressed in one cell type may therefore form heteromers, which increase functional variability of K+ currents, a phenomenon well described for animal voltage-gated K+ channels. Co-expression of KST1 and SKT1 in Xenopus oocytes resulted in currents with an intermediate sensitivity towards Cs+, suggesting the presence of heteromers, and a sensitivity towards external Ca2+, which reflected the property of the endogenous K+in current in guard cells. Modulation of KST1 currents in oocytes by co-expressing KST1 with a SKT1 pore-mutant, which by itself was not able to confer activating K+ currents, demonstrated the possibility that KST1 and SKT1 co-assemble to hetero-oligomers. Furthermore, various C-terminal deletions of the mutated SKT1 channel restored KST1 currents, showing that the C-terminal KT motif is essential for heteromeric channel formation.
Published: 2001
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42. The Arabidopsis thaliana ABC transporter AtMRP5 controls root development and stomata movement.

Author: Gaedeke N, Klein M, Kolukisaoglu U, Forestier C, Müller A, Ansorge M, Becker D, Mamnun Y, Kuchler K, Schulz B, Mueller-Roeber B, and Martinoia E
Subjects: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters classification, Amino Acid Sequence, Anions metabolism, Glyburide pharmacology, Indoleacetic Acids analysis, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Plant Leaves cytology, Plant Proteins classification, Plant Proteins genetics, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Tissue Distribution, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters genetics, Arabidopsis physiology, Arabidopsis Proteins, Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins, Plant Leaves physiology, Plant Roots growth & development
Abstract: In the present study, we investigated a new member of the ABC transporter superfamily of Arabidopsis thaliana, AtMRP5. AtMRP5 encodes a 167 kDa protein and exhibits low glutathione conjugate and glucuronide conjugate transport activity. Promotor- beta-glucuronidase fusion constructs showed that AtMRP5 is expressed mainly in the vascular bundle and in the epidermis, especially guard cells. Using reverse genetics, we identified a plant with a T-DNA insertion in AtMRP5 (mrp5-1). mrp5-1 exhibited decreased root growth and increased lateral root formation. Auxin levels in the roots of mrp5-1 plants were increased. This observation may indicate that AtMRP5 works as an auxin conjugate transporter or that mutant plants are affected in ion uptake, which may lead to changes in auxin concentrations. Experiments on epidermal strips showed that in contrast to wild type, the sulfonylurea glibenclamide had no effect on stomatal opening in mrp5-1 plants. This result strongly suggests that AtMRP5 may also function as an ion channel regulator.
Published: 2001
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43. Cloning of regulatory sequences mediating guard-cell-specific gene expression.

Author: Plesch G, Kamann E, and Mueller-Roeber B
Subjects: Arabidopsis cytology, Base Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, DNA, Plant chemistry, DNA, Plant genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genes, Reporter genetics, Glucuronidase genetics, Glucuronidase metabolism, Molecular Sequence Data, Recombinant Fusion Proteins genetics, Recombinant Fusion Proteins metabolism, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Transformation, Genetic, Arabidopsis genetics, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid genetics
Abstract: This report describes the use of promoter trap lines from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to clone regulatory sequences that mediate guard-cell-specific reporter gene expression. Stomatal guard cells represent a highly differentiated cell type within the epidermis of green tissues of higher plants. They control the stomatal aperture in response to different endogenous and environmental signals in order to optimize carbon fixation while minimizing water loss. We screened available promoter trap lines for guard-cell-specific activation of a beta-glucuronidase (uidA) reporter gene in order to obtain marker lines for guard-cell development and to gain access to regulatory pathways leading to gene expression which is restricted to this cell type. From two lines identified we successfully cloned upstream regulatory sequences. For one line, guard-cell-specific promoter activity was confirmed by re-introducing the uidA gene, fused to the newly identified regulatory sequences, into the Arabidopsis nuclear genome. However, DNA sequences downstream of the uidA/T-DNA insertion sites in the original promoter trap lines revealed no obvious coding regions in the corresponding orientation, indicating that we have probably identified 'cryptic' promoters, being active in guard cells.
Published: 2000
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