51 results on '"Marin Dracea"'
Search Results
2. The within-population variability of leaf spring and autumn phenology is influenced by temperature in temperate deciduous trees
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Guohua Liu, Jean-Marc Louvet, Julien Parmentier, Eliana Gressler, Fabrice Bonne, Gaëlle Vincent, Daniel Berveiller, Rémy Denéchère, Nicolas Delpierre, Ecaterina Nicoleta Apostol, Frédéric Jean, Eric Dufrêne, Ella F. Cole, Kamel Soudani, François Lebourgeois, Sylvain Delzon, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marin Dracea National Forest Research-Development Institute, SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), University of Oxford [Oxford], Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho [São José do Rio Preto] (UNESP), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes [Avignon] (URFM 629), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Peking University [Beijing], Unité d'arboriculture (BORDX ARBORI UE), Université Paris-Saclay, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry 'Marin Dracea', Université de Lorraine, University of Oxford, University of Bordeaux, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Peking University, Centre de Recherche Bordeaux, AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Process PROBRAL 9584-12/9, Process PROBRAL 360/11
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Budburst ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Population ,Climate change ,Biology ,Temperate deciduous forest ,01 natural sciences ,Trees ,Leaf senescence ,03 medical and health sciences ,Temperate forest ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Ecosystem ,education ,Uncertainty quantification ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,Phenology ,Temperature ,15. Life on land ,Explained variation ,Plant Leaves ,Horticulture ,13. Climate action ,Leaf phenology ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Seasons ,Temperate rainforest ,Within-population variability - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:50:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Leaf phenology is a major driver of ecosystem functioning in temperate forests and a robust indicator of climate change. Both the inter-annual and inter-population variability of leaf phenology have received much attention in the literature; in contrast, the within-population variability of leaf phenology has been far less studied. Beyond its impact on individual tree physiological processes, the within-population variability of leaf phenology can affect the estimation of the average budburst or leaf senescence dates at the population scale. Here, we monitored the progress of spring and autumn leaf phenology over 14 tree populations (9 tree species) in six European forests over the period of 2011 to 2018 (yielding 16 site-years of data for spring, 14 for autumn). We monitored 27 to 512 (with a median of 62) individuals per population. We quantified the within-population variability of leaf phenology as the standard deviation of the distribution of individual dates of budburst or leaf senescence (SDBBi and SDLSi, respectively). Given the natural variability of phenological dates occurring in our tree populations, we estimated from the data that a minimum sample size of 28 (resp. 23) individuals, are required to estimate SDBBi (resp. SDLSi) with a precision of 3 (resp. 7) days. The within-population of leaf senescence (average SDLSi = 8.5 days) was on average two times larger than for budburst (average SDBBi = 4.0 days). We evidenced that warmer temperature during the budburst period and a late average budburst date were associated with a lower SDBBi, as a result of a quicker spread of budburst in tree populations, with a strong species effect. Regarding autumn phenology, we observed that later senescence and warm temperatures during the senescence period were linked with a high SDLSi, with a strong species effect. The shares of variance explained by our models were modest suggesting that other factors likely influence the within-population variation in leaf phenology. For instance, a detailed analysis revealed that summer temperatures were negatively correlated with a lower SDLSi. Ecologie Systématique Evolution Univ. Paris-Sud CNRS AgroParisTech Université Paris-Saclay Department of Genetics National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry “Marin Dracea”, 128 Eroilor Blvd. AgroParisTech INRA UMR Silva Université de Lorraine, 14 rue Girardet Edward Grey Institute Department of Zoology University of Oxford BIOGECO INRA University of Bordeaux Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Laboratório de Fenologia UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista INRA UR629 Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Domaine Saint Paul Site Agroparc College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University INRA UE 0393 Unité Expérimentale Arboricole Centre de Recherche Bordeaux Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Laboratório de Fenologia UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista
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- 2019
3. Genetic signatures of divergent selection in European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) are associated with the variation in temperature and precipitation across its distribution range
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Dragos Postolache, Andrea Piotti, Arndt Hampe, G. Le Provost, Ivan Scotti, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Francesca Bagnoli, Elia Vajana, Erwan Guichoux, Sylvie Oddou-Muratorio, Isabelle Lesur, Flaviu Popescu, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, Partenaires INRAE, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Systèmes d'Information Géographique [Lausanne] (LASIG), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and ANR-12-EBID-0003,Tiptree,Scénarios pour la dynamique de la biodiversité des forêts européennes sous changement global identifier les points de basculement micro-evolutifs(2012)
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0106 biological sciences ,growth ,Climate Change ,population-structure ,phenotypic plasticity ,forest tree ,phenology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,diversity ,genotype-environment associations analyses ,Trees ,Gene flow ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fagus sylvatica ,Genetic variation ,Fagus ,Genetics ,climate ,Beech ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Selection (genetic algorithm) ,030304 developmental biology ,Local adaptation ,0303 health sciences ,Genetic diversity ,genome scans ,biology ,r-package ,drought stress ,Temperature ,candidate gene ,Genetic Variation ,15. Life on land ,colonization ,biology.organism_classification ,Adaptation, Physiological ,13. Climate action ,Evolutionary biology ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,divergence outlier ,Genetic structure ,candidate genes ,local adaptation - Abstract
High genetic variation and extensive gene flow may help forest trees with adapting to ongoing climate change, yet the genetic bases underlying their adaptive potential remain largely unknown. We investigated range-wide patterns of potentially adaptive genetic variation in 64 populations of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) using 270 SNPs from 139 candidate genes involved either in phenology or in stress responses. We inferred neutral genetic structure and processes (drift and gene flow) and performed differentiation outlier analyses and gene-environment association (GEA) analyses to detect signatures of divergent selection.Beech range-wide genetic structure was consistent with the species’ previously identified postglacial expansion scenario and recolonization routes. Populations showed high diversity and low differentiation along the major expansion routes. A total of 52 loci were found to be putatively under selection and 15 of them turned up in multiple GEA analyses. Temperature and precipitation related variables were equally represented in significant genotype-climate associations. Signatures of divergent selection were detected in the same proportion for stress response and phenology-related genes. The range-wide adaptive genetic structure of beech appears highly integrated, suggesting a balanced contribution of phenology and stress-related genes to local adaptation, and of temperature and precipitation regimes to genetic clines. Our results imply a best-case scenario for the maintenance of high genetic diversity during range shifts in beech (and putatively other forest trees) with a combination of gene flow maintaining within-population neutral diversity and selection maintaining between-population adaptive differentiation.
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- 2021
4. Gene expression and genetic divergence in oak species highlight adaptive genes to soil water constraints
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Grégoire Le Provost, Benjamin Brachi, Isabelle Lesur, Céline Lalanne, Karine Labadie, Jean-Marc Aury, Corinne Da Silva, Dragos Postolache, Thibault Leroy, Christophe Plomion, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Helix Venture, Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, Partenaires INRAE, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Genoscope: the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), ANR : 011 BSV6 009 01, European Union's ERC program (TREEPEACE) : FP7-339728, and INRAE.
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[SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics ,Quercus ,Soil ,Physiology ,Oak ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Genetics ,Water ,Gene Expression ,Plant Science ,Expression des genes ,Trees - Abstract
Drought and waterlogging impede tree growth and may even lead to tree death. Oaks, an emblematic group of tree species, have evolved a range of adaptations to cope with these constraints. The two most widely distributed European species, pedunculate (PO; Quercus robur L.) and sessile oak (SO; Quercus petraea Matt. Lieb), have overlapping ranges, but their respective distribution are highly constrained by local soil conditions. These contrasting ecological preferences between two closely related and frequently hybridizing species constitute a powerful model to explore the functional bases of the adaptive responses in oak. We exposed oak seedlings to waterlogging and drought, conditions typically encountered by the two species in their respective habitats, and studied changes in gene expression in roots using RNA-seq. We identified genes that change in expression between treatments differentially depending on species. These “species × environment”-responsive genes revealed adaptive molecular strategies involving adventitious and lateral root formation, aerenchyma formation in PO, and osmoregulation and ABA regulation in SO. With this experimental design, we also identified genes with different expression between species independently of water conditions imposed. Surprisingly, this category included genes with functions consistent with a role in intrinsic reproductive barriers. Finally, we compared our findings with those for a genome scan of species divergence and found that the expressional candidate genes included numerous highly differentiated genetic markers between the two species. By combining transcriptomic analysis, gene annotation, pathway analyses, as well as genome scan for genetic differentiation among species, we were able to highlight loci likely involved in adaptation of the two species to their respective ecological niches.
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- 2022
5. Examination of aboveground attributes to predict belowground biomass of young trees
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Peter Annighöfer, Martina Mund, Dominik Seidel, Christian Ammer, Aitor Ameztegui, Philippe Balandier, Ieva Bebre, Lluís Coll, Catherine Collet, Tobias Hamm, Franka Huth, Heike Schneider, Christian Kuehne, Magnus Löf, Any Mary Petritan, Ion Catalin Petritan, Schall Peter, Bauhus Jürgen, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Silviculture & Forest Ecol Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Universitat de Lleida, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), German Fed Environm Fdn Naturerbe GmbH, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), National Insttitut Research & Dev Forestry Marin Dracea, Transilvania University of Brasov, Soft Matter Group, Van der Waals–Zeeman Institute, Institute of Physics, University of Amsterdam, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) of the Federal Ministry for the Environment Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)FKZ 3511 84 0200, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO)
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Root to shoot ratio ,Biomass allometry ,Seedlings ,Saplings ,[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology ,Forestry ,Height to diameter ratio ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Forest regeneration ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
International audience; Just as the aboveground tree organs represent the interface between trees and the atmosphere, roots act as the interface between trees and the soil. In this function, roots take-up water and nutrients, facilitate interactions with soil microflora, anchor trees, and also contribute to the gross primary production of forests. However, in comparison to aboveground plant organs, the biomass of roots is much more difficult to study. In this study, we analyzed 19 European datasets on above- and belowground biomass of juvenile trees of 14 species to identify generalizable estimators of root biomass based on tree sapling dimensions (e.g. height, diameter, aboveground biomass). Such estimations are essential growth and sequestration modelling. In addition, the intention was to study the effect of sapling dimension and light availability on biomass allocation to roots. All aboveground variables were significant predictors for root biomass. But, among aboveground predictors of root biomass plant height performed poorest. When comparing conifer and broadleaf species, the latter tended to have a higher root biomass at a given dimension. Also, with increasing size, the share of belowground biomass tended to increase for the sapling dimensions considered. In most species, there was a trend of increasing relative belowground biomass with increasing light availability. Finally, the height to diameter ratio (H/D) was negatively correlated to relative belowground biomass. This indicates that trees with a high H/D are not only more unstable owing to the unfavorable bending stress resistance, but also because they are comparatively less well anchored in the ground. Thus, single tree stability may be improved through increasing light availability to increase the share of belowground biomass.
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- 2022
6. Spread and potential host range of the invasive oak lace bug [Corythucha arcuata (Say, 1832) - Heteroptera: Tingidae] in Eurasia
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Andrei Buzatu, Mirza Dautbašić, Levente Szőcs, Milka Glavendekić, Milivoj Franjević, Csaba Béla Eötvös, Jean-Claude Streito, Iris Bernardinelli, Dimitrios N. Avtzis, Ágnes Mikó, Yuri I. Gninenko, Osman Muzejinović, Mariann Csepelényi, Márton Paulin, György Csóka, Constantin Netoiu, Flavius Bălăcenoiu, Milan Zúbrik, Dušan Jurc, Serap Mutun, Anikó Hirka, Csaba Gáspár, Ágnes Szénási, Maja Jurc, Boris Hrašovec, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Center (NARIC), Abant Izzet Baysal University - Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi, University of Belgrade, Szent István University, University of Zagreb, University Skaya Naberezhnaya, Partenaires INRAE, University of Sarajevo (UNSA), National Forestry Center, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, (Office of Research and Development), University of Ljubljana, Institute Development and Research Forestry and Trees, Serv Fitosanitario & Chim Ric Sperimentaz & Assis, Via Sabbatini 5, I-33050 Pozzuolo Del Friuli, Italy, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter (HAO Demeter), The work of the Hungarian participants was supported by the COST Action FP1401 – ‘Global Warning’ and the OTKA 128008 research project sponsored by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office. Research in Croatia was by the two projects funded by Croatian forests LLC. The Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development gave support to the work in Serbia, Grant number III43002. In Slovenia, the research was conducted through the project V4-1439 Development of new methods of detection, diagnostics and prognosis for non-native organisms harmful to forest 2014–2017 and programme groups P4-0059 Forest, forestry and renewable forest resources and P4-0107 Forest biology, ecology and technology., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) : FP1401, National Research, Development and Innovation Office : OTKA 128008, Croatian forests LLC, Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development : III43002 , V4-1439 , P4-0059 P4-0107, BAİBÜ, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, and Mutun, Serap
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0106 biological sciences ,Corythucha Arcuata ,Range (biology) ,Population ,Quercus Spp ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Tingidae ,Invasive species ,Quercus robur ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,Quercus spp ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,Host Plants ,Quercus cerris ,Forestry ,15. Life on land ,non-native species ,biology.organism_classification ,Corythucha arcuata ,Non-native Species ,010602 entomology ,Insect Science ,host plants ,Sentinel Gardens ,Quercus petraea ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Quercus frainetto ,sentinel gardens - Abstract
International audience; The North American oak lace bug feeds on leaves of 'white oaks" in its native range. In Europe, it was first discovered in northern Italy in 2000. In recent years, it has subsequently spread rapidly and population outbreaks have been observed in several European countries. In the present study, we summarize the steps of its expansion. To predict its potential host range, we checked 48 oak species in 20 sentinel gardens in seven countries between 2013 and 2018. In total, 27 oak species were recorded as suitable hosts; 13 of them are globally new ones, 23 out of the 29 in section Quercus (similar to white oaks, an intrageneric taxonomic unit within genus Quercus), including Asian oaks, native to Japan, Korea and China, and four out of five in section Cerris (another intrageneric unit of the same genus), were accepted as hosts. None of the species in section Lobatae (red oaks) or in the Ilex group was accepted. Host records were also collected in forest stands of 10 countries. We found 11 oak species that were infested. Outbreak populations were most commonly found on Quercus robur, Quercus frainetto, Quercus petraea and Quercus cerris, comprising widespread and outstandingly important oaks species in Europe. Based on our findings, we conclude that suitable hosts for oak lace bug are present in most of Europe and Asia. This means that a lack of hosts will likely not restrict further range expansion.
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- 2020
7. Common pheromone use among host-associated populations of the browntail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, displaying different adult phenologies
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Vasile Simonca, J. A. Hódar, E. Perez Laorga, Hong-Lei Wang, Olle Anderbrant, L. Dormont, L. Marziali, Ashot Khrimian, H. Mas, J. F. Marques, L. Marianelli, Alain Roques, George H. Boettner, Glenn P. Svensson, M. Franzén, C. Ciornei, Joseph S. Elkinton, J. Pérez-López, Enric Frago, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Universidad de Granada (UGR), Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry Marin Dracea, Partenaires INRAE, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economy Analysis, Tuscany Regional Phytosanitary Service, Gestión de Vertederos de Residuos, Generalitat Valenciana, Parque de las Ciencias, Unité de recherche Zoologie Forestière (URZF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and (Office of Research and Development)
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0106 biological sciences ,media_common.quotation_subject ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Zoology ,allochronic speciation ,stable isotopes ,Insect ,01 natural sciences ,Arbutus unedo ,Lepidoptera genitalia ,Race (biology) ,Euproctis ,host races ,L50 - Physiologie et biochimie animales ,Local adaptation ,media_common ,biology ,Phéromone sexuelle ,Host (biology) ,fungi ,biology.organism_classification ,H10 - Ravageurs des plantes ,electroantennography ,Piège sexuel ,010602 entomology ,Insect Science ,Sex pheromone ,Pheromone ,Euproctis chrysorrhoea ,Prunus ,Phénologie ,local adaptation - Abstract
International audience; The diversity of herbivorous insects may arise from colonization and subsequent specialization on different host plants. Such specialization requires changes in several insect traits, which may lead to host race formation if they reduce gene flow among populations that feed on different plants. Behavioural changes may play a relevant role in host race formation, for example if different races evolve distinct sexual communication signals or adult phenology. Previous research has revealed differences in larval phenology in different host-associated populations of the browntail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Here, sex pheromones among populations of this species are compared, and pheromone trapping data obtained is used in the field to build a phenological model that tests whether populations that feed on different plants differ in their adult flight period. The chemical and electrophysiological analyses revealed that two E. chrysorrhoea populations (on Prunus and on Arbutus unedo) use the same sex pheromone component for mate finding. Our trapping data, however, showed that males fly on average 25 days earlier in populations whose larvae feed on A. unedo compared to those whose larvae feed on Quercus species. Although the shifted phenology described here may underlie host-plant specialization in E. chrysorrhoea, and adults of this species are short-lived, the use of a common sexual pheromone and a large overlap in flight periods suggest that host race formation via allochronic isolation is unlikely in this moth.
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- 2019
8. Integrating methods for ecosystem service assessment: Experiences from real world situations
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David N. Barton, Bruna Grizetti, Paula A. Harrison, Giulio Conte, Laurence Carvalho, Zita Izakovičová, Raktima Mukhopadhyay, Berta Martín-López, Leena Kopperoinen, Alison Smith, David M. Lapola, Rui Santos, Ágnes Vári, Francesc Baró, Erik Gómez-Baggethun, Lisa Norton, Bálint Czúcz, Graciella Rusch, Angheluta Vadineanu, Helen Woods, John Ochieng, Dave Howard, Gemma Garcia Blanco, Francis Turkelboom, Réka Aszalós, Jan Dick, Patricia Pinho, David W. Odee, Sandra Luque, Robert Dunford, Joerg A. Priess, Johannes Langemeyer, Ezsther Kelemen, S.B. Roy, Ignacio Palomo, Sanna Riikka Saarela, Jari Niemelä, Pam Berry, Paula Antunes, Relu Giuca, Heli Saarikoski, Jennifer Hauck, Ovidu Badea, Wim Verheyden, Guillermo Martínez-Pastur, Jan Tjalling van der Wal, Vesa Yli-Pelkonen, Sander Jacobs, Environmental Sciences, Urban Ecosystems, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Geography, Sociology, Cosmopolis Centre for Urban Research, Clinical sciences, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE INSTITUTE OXFORD GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), NINA NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR NATURE RESEARCH OSLO NOR, LEUPHANA UNIVERSITY OF LÜNEBURG DEU, ESSRG BUDAPEST HUN, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), SYKE FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE HELSINKI FIN, UFZ HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LEIPZIG DEU, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), CENTRE FOR ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH VACRATOT HUN, NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN FORESTRY VOLUNTARI ROM, UAB UNIVERSITAT AUTONOMA DE BARCELONA CERDANYOLA DEL VALLES ESP, CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY PENICUIK GBR, IRIDRA FLORENCE ITA, FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH AND INNOVATION BIZKAIA ESP, ENVIRONMENT CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY LANCASTER GBR, UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST ROM, EUROPEAN COMMISSION JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY ISPRA ITA, Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), CADIC CONICET USHUAIA ARG, IBRAD KOLKATA IND, UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES FIN, KEFRI NAIROBI KEN, B3C BASQUE CENTRE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE BILBAO ESP, USP UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO BRA, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), European Commission, Environmental Change Institute, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Maclean Building, Lancaster Environment Centre, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research, Environmental Social Science Research Group (ESSRG Ltd.), Corvinus University of Budapest, Finnish Environment Institute, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, CoKnow Consulting – Coproducing Knowledge for Sustainability, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry 'Marin Dracea', Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, C/Geldo, University of Bucharest – Research Center in Systems Ecology and Sustainability, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), European Commission – Joint Research Centre (JRC), Slovak Academy of Sciences, UMR TETIS, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC CONICET), IBRAD (Indian Institute of Bio Social Research and Development), Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), Basque Centre for Climate Change, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Wageningen University & Research – Marine (WUR), IRIDRA, and PRBB
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Process management ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Computer science ,VALUATION ,Geography, Planning and Development ,ta1172 ,ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ,010501 environmental sciences ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,DECISION-MAKING ,01 natural sciences ,Sustainability Science ,Decision context ,Ecology and Environment ,12. Responsible consumption ,Supply and demand ,Ecosystem services ,Onderzoeksformatie ,11. Sustainability ,SUPPORT ,Openness to experience ,Life Science ,Biology ,1172 Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Valuation (finance) ,Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,OPENNESS ,Stakeholder ,15. Life on land ,FRAMEWORK ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Method development ,Ecosystems Research ,13. Climate action ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,LANDSCAPES ,EU - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:50:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-01 The Ecosystem Services (ES) concept highlights the varied contributions the environment provides to humans and there are a wide range of methods/tools available to assess ES. However, in real-world decision contexts a single tool is rarely sufficient and methods must be combined to meet practitioner needs. Here, results from the OpenNESS project are presented to illustrate the methods selected to meet the needs of 24 real-world case studies and better understand why and how methods are combined to meet practical needs. Results showed that within the cases methods were combined to: i) address a range of ES; ii) assess both supply and demand of ES; iii) assess a range of value types; iv) reach different stakeholder groups v) cover weaknesses in other methods used and vi) to meet specific decision context needs. Methods were linked in a variety of ways: i) as input–output chains of methods; ii) through learning; iii) through method development and iv) through comparison/triangulation of results. The paper synthesises these case study-based experiences to provide insight to others working in practical contexts as to where, and in what contexts, different methods can be combined and how this can add value to case study analyses. Environmental Change Institute, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Bailrigg Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Gaustadalléen 21 Leuphana University of Lüneburg Faculty of Sustainability Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research, Scharnhorststraβe 1 Environmental Social Science Research Group (ESSRG Ltd.), Rómer Flóris u. 38. Department of Decision Sciences Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8. Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Kliniekstraat 25 Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140 Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15 CoKnow Consulting – Coproducing Knowledge for Sustainability CENSE – Centre for Environmental and Sustainability Research Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa Institute of Ecology and Botany Centre for Ecological Research Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Alkotmány u. 2-4 National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry “Marin Dracea”, Eroilor Blvd 128 Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris Cedex 05 Urban Environment and Territorial Sustainability Area Energy and Environment Dividision Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia C/Geldo, Edificio 700 University of Bucharest – Research Center in Systems Ecology and Sustainability, Splaiul Independentei 91-95 Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003 European Commission – Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi 2749 Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štefánikova 3 IRSTEA National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture UMR TETIS, 500 rue JF Breton UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista Ecology Department – LabTerra, Av.24-A, 1515 CEP Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC CONICET), Houssay 200, Ushuaia (9140) IBRAD (Indian Institute of Bio Social Research and Development), VIP Road, Kestopur, Prafulla Kanan Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), P.O.Box 20412-0200 Basque Centre for Climate Change, Alameda de Urquijo 4 INCLINE – Interdisciplinary Climate Change Research Group Instituto de Astronomia e Geofísica USP – Universidade de São Paulo, R. do Matão, 1226 – Butantã Wageningen University & Research – Marine (WUR), P.O.Box 57 IRIDRA, Via La Marmora Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM) PRBB, Carrer Doctor Aiguader 88 UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista Ecology Department – LabTerra, Av.24-A, 1515 CEP
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- 2018
9. (Dis) integrated valuation - Assessing the information gaps in ecosystem service appraisals for governance support
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Paula A. Harrison, Graciella Rusch, Pam Berry, Jan Dick, Fabio Masi, Raktima Mukhopadhyay, David N. Barton, David M. Lapola, G. García Blanco, Sanna-Riikka Saarela, D. Odee, Erik Gómez-Baggethun, György Pataki, G. Martines Pastur, Laurence Carvalho, Eeva Primmer, Sandra Luque, J. Van Dijk, M. García Llorente, J. Tjalling Van Der Wal, Rui Santos, C.M.A. Hendriks, Joerg A. Priess, Diana Silaghi, Vesa Yli-Pelkonen, Sander Jacobs, Robert Dunford, Peter Mederly, Johannes Langemeyer, Eszter Kelemen, Ignacio Palomo, Francesc Baró, Angheluţă Vădineanu, Mette Termansen, Francis Turkelboom, Berta Martín-López, Heli Saarikoski, Environmental Sciences, Urban Ecosystems, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), European Commission, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, Geography, Sociology, Cosmopolis Centre for Urban Research, Faculty of Engineering, Mechanics of Materials and Constructions, NINA NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR NATURE RESEARCH OSLO NOR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), ESSRG BUDAPEST HUN, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), LEUPHANA UNIVERSITY OF LÜNEBURG DEU, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Aarhus University [Aarhus], IMIDRA MADRID ESP, SYKE FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE HELSINKI FIN, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE INSTITUTE OXFORD GBR, NINA NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR NATURE RESEARCH TRONHEIM NOR, BC3 LEIOA ESP, UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES FIN, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), CONSTANTINE THE PHILOSOPHER UNIVERSITY NITRA SVK, UFZ HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LEIPZIG DEU, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), CORVINUS UNIVERSITY OF BUDAPEST HUN, CADIC CONICET USHUAIA ARG, FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH AND INNOVATION BIZKAIA ESP, NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN FORESTRY VOLUNTARI ROM, MTA CENTRE FOR ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH VACRATOT HUN, IRIDRA FIRENZE ITA, UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST DEPARTMENT OF SYSTEM ECOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY ROM, IBRAD KOLKATA IND, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Environmental Social Science Research Group (ESSRG Ltd.), Corvinus University of Budapest, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Environmental Research (Alterra), Aarhus University, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona (N-II), Finnish Environment Institute, Environmental Change Institute, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Maclean Building, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Marine Research (IMARES), Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, UMR TETIS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC CONICET), C/Geldo, National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry 'Marin Dracea', MTA Centre for Ecological Research, IRIDRA Srl, University of Bucharest – Research Center in Systems Ecology and Sustainability, IBRAD (Indian Institute of Bio Social Research and Development), and Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Computer science ,Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Eccosystem services cascade ,010501 environmental sciences ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,context ,integrated valuation ,ecosystem service appraisal ,11. Sustainability ,Silvicultura ,Forest and Landscape Ecology ,uncertainty ,Valuation (finance) ,Global and Planetary Change ,Corporate governance ,Uncertainty ,ecosystem services cascade ,tool ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Wageningen Marine Research ,Ecosystem service appraisal ,Economic valuation ,cascade ,Ecosystem services cascade ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Information gap ,Information costs ,Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie ,ecology ,valuation ,Ecosystem service governance ,management ,ecosystem service governance ,ta1172 ,information costs ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Sustainability Science ,Ecology and Environment ,Decision context ,12. Responsible consumption ,framework ,Vegetatie ,1172 Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Vegetation ,15. Life on land ,Environmental economics ,Integrated valuation ,Valuation ,decisions ,CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS ,13. Climate action ,purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1 [https] ,Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology ,Agricultura, Silvicultura y Pesca ,ecosystem services ,economic valuation ,purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https] - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:17:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-01 The operational challenges of integrated ecosystem service (ES) appraisals are determined by study purpose, system complexity and uncertainty, decision-makers’ requirements for reliability and accuracy of methods, and approaches to stakeholder–science interaction in different decision contexts. To explore these factors we defined an information gap hypothesis, based on a theory of cumulative uncertainty in ES appraisals. When decision context requirements for accuracy and reliability increase, and the expected uncertainty of the ES appraisal methods also increases, the likelihood of methods being used is expected to drop, creating a potential information gap in governance. In order to test this information gap hypothesis, we evaluate 26 case studies and 80 ecosystem services appraisals in a large integrated EU research project. We find some support for a decreasing likelihood of ES appraisal methods coinciding with increasing accuracy and reliability requirements of the decision-support context, and with increasing uncertainty. We do not find that information costs are the explanation for this information gap, but rather that the research project interacted mostly with stakeholders outside the most decision-relevant contexts. The paper discusses how alternative definitions of integrated valuation can lead to different interpretations of decision-support information, and different governance approaches to dealing with uncertainty. Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Gaustadalléen 21 Environmental Social Science Research Group (ESSRG Ltd.), Rómer Flóris u.38 Department of Decision Sciences Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik Leuphana University of Lüneburg Faculty of Sustainability Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research, Scharnhorststraβe 1 Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås Research Group Nature and Society Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Kliniekstraat 25 Wageningen University and Research Environmental Research (Alterra), P.O. Box 47 ENVS Aarhus University Department of Applied Research and Agricultural Extension Madrid Institute for Rural Agricultural and Food Research and Development (IMIDRA) Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona (N-II), KM. 38.200, 28802 Alcalá de Henares Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140 Environmental Change Institute, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Postboks 5685 Torgarden Basque Centre for Climate Change (BC3) Scientific Campus of the University of the Basque Country, Sede Building 1, 1st Floor Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès Wageningen University and Research Marine Research (IMARES), P.O. Box 57, 1780 AB, Den Helder, Wageningen Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1 Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15 National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture IRSTEA UMR TETIS, 500 rue JF BRETON CENSE – Centre for Environmental and Sustainability Research Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), P.O. Box 20412-0200 Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC CONICET), Houssay 200, Ushuaia (9140) Tierra del Fuego Fundación Tecnalia Research & Innovation Energy and Environment Division Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia C/Geldo, Edificio 700 National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry “Marin Dracea”, Eroilor Blvd 128 Institute of Ecology and Botany MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány u. 2-4. IRIDRA Srl, Via La Marmora, 51 University of Bucharest – Research Center in Systems Ecology and Sustainability, Splaiul Independentei 91-95 IBRAD (Indian Institute of Bio Social Research and Development), VIP Road, Kestopur, Prafulla Kanan UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista Ecology Department – LabTerra, Av.24-A, 1515 CEP, 13506-900 UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista Ecology Department – LabTerra, Av.24-A, 1515 CEP, 13506-900
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- 2018
10. Stakeholders' perspectives on the operationalisation of the ecosystem service concept:Results from 27 case studies
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Ágnes Vári, Henrik Lindhjem, Orsolya Lazányi, Esther Carmen, Helen Woods, Johannes Langemeyer, Paula Antunes, David N. Barton, Eszter Lellei-Kovács, Erik Stange, Peter Verweij, Vegard Gundersen, Emil Boros, Anders Often, Ovidiu Badea, Marta Calvache, Francis Turkelboom, Zita Izakovičová, Gabriella Kiss, Ignacio Palomo, Eszter Kelemen, Ildikó Arany, Charles Ndege, Elena Preda, Relu Giuca, Angheluţă Vădineanu, Diogo Ferraz, Bálint Czúcz, Gemma Garcia Blanco, Jari Niemelä, Jennifer Hauck, Berit Köhler, Györgyi Bela, Rui Santos, Peter Bezák, Patricia Pinho, Jan Dick, David W. Odee, Vesa Yli-Pelkonen, Sergi Nuss Girona, Pablo Luis Peri, Sandra Luque, György Pataki, Christine Röckmann, Pam Berry, Nicoleta Geamana, Grazia Zulian, Camino Liquete, Heli Saarikoski, Rael Lichungu, Réka Aszalós, Oscar Haavardsholm, Jan Tjalling van der Wal, Christopher Andrews, Robert Dunford, Suvi Vikström, Thalma Khalalwe, Peter Mederly, Wim Verheyden, David M. Lapola, Emma Soy Massoni, Charles Magare, Sanna-Riikka Saarela, Graciela M. Rusch, Claudia Fongar, Bruna Grizzetti, Guillermo Martínez Pastur, Laurence Carvalho, Megan Nowell, John Ochieng, Pedro Clemente, Rob Bugter, Irene Iniesta-Arandia, Gleiciani Bürger Patrício-Roberto, Raktima Mukhopadhyay, Eeva Primmer, Jyri Mustajoki, Marina García-Llorente, Joerg A. Priess, Diana Silaghi, Rasmus Reinvang, Miklós Kertész, Erik Gómez-Baggethun, Leena Kopperoinen, Michael Leone, Francesc Baró, Stefan Blumentrath, Nora Vågnes Traaholt, João Roberto Fernandes, Ron Smith, Ágnes Kalóczkai, Berta Martín-López, Magdalena Bucur, Alison Smith, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Finnish Environment Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University, Environmental Social Science Research Group (ESSRG Ltd.), Corvinus University of Budapest, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, CoKnow Consulting – Coproducing Knowledge for Sustainability, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Environmental Change Institute, Environmental Research (Alterra), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, C/Geldo, University of Bucharest - Research Center in Systems Ecology and Sustainability, European Commission – Joint Research Centre (JRC), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), UMR TETIS, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC CONICET), Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research, IBRAD (Indian Institute of Bio Social Research and Development), Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) Río Gallegos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Wageningen University & Research – Marine (WUR), National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry 'Marin Dracea', Szent István University, Norwegian University of Life Science (NMBU), Agricultural and Food Research and Development (IMIDRA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), VISTA Analyse A/S, University of Girona, Basque Centre for Climate Change, De Økonomiske Råd, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA MADRID ESP, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), SYKE FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE HELSINKI FIN, SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NITRA SVK, CONSTANTINE THE PHILOSOPHER UNIVERSITY NITRA SVK, ESSRG BUDAPEST HUN, UFZ HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LEIPZIG DEU, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), MTA CENTRE FOR ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH VACRATOT HUN, UAB UNIVERSITAT AUTONOMA DE BARCELONA CERDANYOLA DEL VALLES ESP, NINA NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR NATURE RESEARCH OSLO NOR, ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE INSTITUTE OXFORD GBR, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), FUNDACION TECNALIA RESEARCH AND INNOVATION BIZKAIA ESP, UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST ROM, EUROPEAN COMMISSION JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE INSTITUTE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY ISPRA ITA, SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES BRATISLAVA SVK, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), CADIC CONICET USHUAIA ARG, LEUPHANA UNIVERSITY OF LÜNEBURG DEU, IBRAD KOLKATA IND, UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES FIN, KEFRI NAIROBI KEN, INTA UNPA CONICET SANTA CRUZ ARG, USP UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO BRA, RESEARCH CENTER IN SYSTEMS ECOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST ROM, NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN FORESTRY VOLUNTARI ROM, NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF LIFE SCIENCES AS NOR, IMIDRA MADRID ESP, CORVINUS UNIVERSITY OF BUDAPEST HUN, UNIVERSITY OF GIRONA ESP, B3C BASQUE CENTRE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE BILBAO ESP, NINA NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE FOR NATURE RESEARCH TRONDHEIM NOR, EUROPEAN COMMISSION JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE ISPRA ITA, European Commission, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Environmental Sciences, and Urban Ecosystems
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knowledge ,Knowledge management ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Geography, Planning and Development ,ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Ecosystem services ,Stakeholder perceptions ,11. Sustainability ,Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica ,Biodiversiteit en Beleid ,Mainstream ,Sociology ,Democratization ,Evaluation ,science ,Valuation (finance) ,Global and Planetary Change ,STAKEHOLDERS ,Ecology ,PLACE-BASED IMPLEMENTATION ,Corporate governance ,Environmental resource management ,Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous) ,ekosysteemipalvelut ,governance ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Landscape planning ,valuation ,STAKEHOLDER PERCEPTIONS ,policy ,Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics ,ta1172 ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Biodiversity and Policy ,Sustainability Science ,12. Responsible consumption ,ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OPERATIONALISATION ,landscapes ,Onderzoeksformatie ,framework ,Boundary-work ,1172 Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Ecosystem services operationalisation ,business.industry ,Impact assessment ,Place-based implementation ,boundary-work ,15. Life on land ,trade-offs ,13. Climate action ,business ,Samfunnsvitenskap: 200::Økonomi: 210 [VDP] ,management practice - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:15:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-01 The ecosystem service (ES) concept is becoming mainstream in policy and planning, but operational influence on practice is seldom reported. Here, we report the practitioners’ perspectives on the practical implementation of the ES concept in 27 case studies. A standardised anonymous survey (n = 246), was used, focusing on the science-practice interaction process, perceived impact and expected use of the case study assessments. Operationalisation of the concept was shown to achieve a gradual change in practices: 13% of the case studies reported a change in action (e.g. management or policy change), and a further 40% anticipated that a change would result from the work. To a large extent the impact was attributed to a well conducted science-practice interaction process (>70%). The main reported advantages of the concept included: increased concept awareness and communication; enhanced participation and collaboration; production of comprehensive science-based knowledge; and production of spatially referenced knowledge for input to planning (91% indicated they had acquired new knowledge). The limitations were mostly case-specific and centred on methodology, data, and challenges with result implementation. The survey highlighted the crucial role of communication, participation and collaboration across different stakeholders, to implement the ES concept and enhance the democratisation of nature and landscape planning. Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Kliniekstraat 25 Social-ecological Systems Lab Department of Ecology Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle Darwin no. 2, Campus de Cantoblanco Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140 Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Akademická 2 Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Constantine the Philosopher University, Trieda A. Hlinku 1 Environmental Social Science Research Group (ESSRG Ltd.), Rómer Flóris u. 38. Department of Decision Sciences Corvinus University of Budapest, Fővám tér 8. Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15 CoKnow Consulting – Coproducing Knowledge for Sustainability, Jesewitz CENSE – Centre for Environmental and Sustainability Research Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica Institute of Ecology and Botany MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Alkotmány u. 2-4. Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (ICTA) Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) Edifici Z (ICTA-ICP), Carrer de les Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Gaustadalléen 21 Environmental Change Institute, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road Wageningen University and Research Environmental Research (Alterra), P.O. Box 47 European Topic Centre on Biological Diversity Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, FR-75231 Paris Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford Urban Environment and Territorial Sustainability Area Energy and Environment Dividision Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia C/Geldo, Edificio 700 University of Bucharest - Research Center in Systems Ecology and Sustainability, Splaiul Independentei 91-95 European Commission – Joint Research Centre (JRC), Via E. Fermi 2749 Institute of Landscape Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štefánikova 3 UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista Ecology Department – LabTerra, Av. 24-A, 1515 CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro IRSTEA National Research Institute of Science and Technology for Environment and Agriculture UMR TETIS, 500 rue JF BRETON Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC CONICET), Houssay 200 Leuphana University of Lüneburg Faculty of Sustainability Institute of Ethics and Transdisciplinary Sustainability Research, Scharnhorststraβe 1 IBRAD (Indian Institute of Bio Social Research and Development), VIP Road, Kestopur, Prafulla Kanan Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI), P.O. Box 20412-0200 Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), CC 332 (9400), Río Gallegos Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) Río Gallegos Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) INCLINE – Interdisciplinary Climate Change Research Group Instituto de Astronomia e Geofísica USP – Universidade de São Paulo, R. do Matão, 1226 - Butantã Wageningen University & Research – Marine (WUR), P.O. Box 57 National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry “Marin Dracea”, Eroilor Blvd 128 Institute of Nature Conservation and Landscape Management Szent István University, Páter Károly u. 1. Norwegian University of Life Science (NMBU), Universitetstunet 3 Department of Applied Research and Agricultural Extension Madrid Institute for Rural Agricultural and Food Research and Development (IMIDRA), Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona (N-II), KM. 38.200, 28802 Alcalá De Henares Department of International Environment and Development Studies (Noragric) Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Fakkelgården VISTA Analyse A/S, Meltzers gate 4 University of Girona, Plaça de Sant Domènec, 3 Basque Centre for Climate Change, Alameda de Urquijo 4 Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Postboks 5685 Sluppen De Økonomiske Råd, Amaliegade 44 UNESP – Universidade Estadual Paulista Ecology Department – LabTerra, Av. 24-A, 1515 CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro
- Published
- 2018
11. Unexpected scenarios from Mediterranean refugial areas: disentangling complex demographic dynamics along the Apennine distribution of silver fir
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Carlo Urbinati, Andrea Piotti, Ilaria Spanu, Dragos Postolache, Louise Brousseau, Stefano Leonardi, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Cristina Leonarduzzi, Francesca Bagnoli, Institute of Biosciences and Bioressources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Dipartimento di Bioscienze, University of Parma, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Marin Dracea National Forest Research-Development Institute, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes [Avignon] (URFM 629), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche [Ancona] (UNIVPM), MIUR RBAP10A2T4, COST Action FP1202, University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Scuola Universitaria Superiore Sant'Anna [Pisa] (SSSUP), Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
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0106 biological sciences ,Sud de l'Italie ,refuge glaciaire ,arbre forestier ,post-glacial recolonization ,Demographic history ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,rear edge populations ,phylogeography ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Mediterranean Basin ,forest tree ,approximate Bayesian computation ,Refugium (population biology) ,nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites ,chloroplast ,pleistocene epoch ,calcul bayésien ,glacial refugia ,abies alba ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,bayesian method ,Genetic diversity ,période glaciaire ,Ecology ,biology ,chloroplaste ,glacial periods ,Mediterranean basin ,phylogéographie ,Last Glacial Maximum ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Abies alba ,Eastern european ,Pleistocene ,Geography ,trans-Adriatic gene flow ,Genetic structure ,trans-Adriatic gene flow ª ,microsatellite nucléaire ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Aim Mediterranean refugial areas are generally underrepresented in large-scale genetic surveys of forest trees. In the case of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), this has led to divergent hypotheses about the exact location of glacial refugia and the trajectory of recolonization routes. Based on the comprehensive sampling of Apennine populations, we aimed to reconcile discrepancies about the number and location of refugia for silver fir in the Apennines and test alternative demographic scenarios developed from palaeobotanical and genetic data. Location Mediterranean Basin; the Apennines and surrounding areas. Methods 1167 individuals from 16 Apennine populations, extensively covering the species’ distribution along the Italian Peninsula, and eight populations from the Alps and Eastern Europe were genotyped at 16 nuclear and three chloroplast microsatellite markers. The geographical distribution of genetic variation was explored using Bayesian clustering and multivariate methods. Based on the inferred genetic structure, the demographic history of A. alba was assessed by the approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analysis. Results Two unexpected characteristics of genetic structure emerged: a sharp genetic boundary in the central Apennines and a tight genetic connection between southern Apennine and Eastern European gene pools. Two Apennine areas, corresponding precisely with refugial areas hypothesized in most recent palaeobotanical syntheses, have high genetic diversity on a par with Eastern European populations. ABC analysis showed an ancient separation between Apennine and Eastern European gene pools followed by an admixture event that, mainly through directional gene flow via pollen, might have established the genetic similarity between southern Apennine and Eastern European populations. In addition, there was evidence that the central Apennines acted as a small-scale, isolated refugium during the Last Glacial Maximum. Main conclusions Silver fir rear edge populations have experienced a complex demographic history across several glacial-interglacial cycles, leading to unexpected genetic structure. Our study provides new insights into forest tree dynamics in the Mediterranean, showing the putative presence of multiple refugia for silver fir in the Apennines and a trans-Adriatic connection between silver fir populations in the southern Italy and the Balkans.
- Published
- 2017
12. How does the amount and composition of PM deposited on Platanus acerifolia leaves change across different cities in Europe?
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Rocío Alonso, Stanislaw W. Gawronski, Lilit Sahakyan, Eleni C. Rantzoudi, Marco Moretti, Lucian Dinca, Maren Kern, Gregorio Sgrigna, Patrick Bellan, Paloma Cariñanos, Ilie C. Cântar, Violeta Velikova, Jorge Humberto Amorim, Ana Castanheiro, Carlo Calfapietra, Giulia Carriero, Jolien Verhelst, Tine Ningal, Galina Churkina, Raffaela Esposito, Didier Le Thiec, Danijela Đunisijević Bojović, Mira Aničić Urošević, Chiara Baldacchini, Biljana Stojanova, Jürgen Breuste, Iztok Sinjur, Roeland Samson, Ivana Živojinović, Nairuhi Maghakyan, Oliver Bühler, Institute of Agro-Environmental and Forest Biology (IBAF), Dept Biosci Engn, Lab Environm & Urban Eco, University of Antwerp (UA), Ctr Ecol Noosphere Studies, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia [Yerevan] (NAS RA), Ecotoxicol Air Pollut, Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT), CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Dept Environm & Planning, Air Qual Res Unit, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Vegetation Consultant/Landscape Engineer, Dept Geog & Geol, Universität Salzburg, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Marin Dracea National Forest Research-Development Institute, Dept Bot, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Inst Sustainable Plant Protect, Instituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Plante (IPSP), Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), Fac Hort Biotechnol & Landscape Architecture, Lab Basic Res Hort, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), School of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Biodivers & Conservat Biol, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Department of Forestry and Management of Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Slovenian Forestry Institute, Dept Urban Greenery, Publ Enterprise 'Parks & Greenery', Inst Phys, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Inst Plant Physiol & Genet, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), EC, National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, Dept Landscape Architecture & Hort, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), European Forest Inst Cent East & South East Europ, and University of Vienna
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010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,air pollution ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,PARTICULATE MATTER ,MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES ,11. Sustainability ,SIZE DISTRIBUTION ,platanus acerifolia ,media_common ,Air Pollutants ,Elemental composition ,Particulates ,Chemistry ,HISPANICA LEAVES ,SOURCE APPORTIONMENT ,Environmental chemistry ,TEMPORAL VARIATIONS ,SEM ,TREE LEAVES ,Composition (visual arts) ,europe ,SPATIAL VARIATIONS ,Environmental Monitoring ,Pollution ,feuille ,particle ,media_common.quotation_subject ,pollution atmosphérique ,Botany ,Environmental Chemistry ,Platanus acerifolia ,Cities ,Particle Size ,Heavy traffic ,Air quality index ,Biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,SIRM ,leaf ,URBAN-ENVIRONMENT ,General Chemistry ,Plant Leaves ,Urban Forestry ,HEAVY-METAL POLLUTION ,13. Climate action ,zone urbaine ,Environmental science ,particule - Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) deposited on Platanus acerifolia tree leaves has been sampled in the urban areas of 28 European cities, over 20 countries, with the aim of testing leaf deposited particles as indicator of atmospheric PM concentration and composition. Leaves have been collected close to streets characterized by heavy traffic and within urban parks. Leaf surface density, dimensions, and elemental composition of leaf deposited particles have been compared with leaf magnetic content, and discussed in connection with air quality data. The PM quantity and size were mainly dependent on the regional background concentration of particles, while the percentage of iron-based particles emerged as a clear marker of traffic-related pollution in most of the sites. This indicates that Platanus acerifolia is highly suitable to be used in atmospheric PM monitoring studies and that morphological and elemental characteristics of leaf deposited particles, joined with the leaf magnetic content, may successfully allow urban PM source apportionment.
- Published
- 2017
13. Global geographic distribution and host range of Dothistroma species: a comprehensive review
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Panaghiotis Tsopelas, A. Halasz, Helena Bragança, Julio J. Diez, V. Galovic, Rosie E. Bradshaw, Svetlana Markovskaja, L. S. Bulman, M. Markovic, Barbara Piškur, Margarita Georgieva, Irena Papazova-Anakieva, N. Anselmi, A. Angst, Valentyna Meshkova, Irene Barnes, Audrius Kačergius, Alejandro Solla, Thomas Kirisits, R. Baden, Alex J. Woods, T. Cech, András Koltay, D. Sadiković, Mihajlo Risteski, Martti Vuorinen, S. Schmitz, N. La Porta, Iben Margrete Thomsen, Valentin Queloz, Funda Oskay, Jan Stenlid, Kiril Sotirovski, Jorge Martín-García, S. Fraser, K.V. Tubby, V. Vasic, Michael J. Wingfield, Jelena Lazarević, Nenad Keča, Rodrigo Ahumada, Benoit Marçais, L. Poljakovic Pajnik, Kateryna Davydenko, Dragan Karadžić, Stephen Woodward, Petr Vahalík, Danut Chira, Emília Ondrušková, Piotr Boroń, Deborah Craig, Andrey V. Selikhovkin, Kalev Adamson, H. T. Doğmuş-Lehtijärvi, P. Pap, Timur S. Bulgakov, Libor Jankovský, Dmitry L. Musolin, A. V. Brown, Rein Drenkhan, Halvor Solheim, A. Lehtijärvi, Martin Mullett, H. Millberg, V. Tomešová-Haataja, R. Kiesnere, Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Department of Plant and Soil Science, University of Pretoria (UPSpace), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Bio-Protection Research Centre - Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Department of Plant Production and Forest, Universitad de Valladolid, Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Forest Protection, New Zealand Forest Research Institute, Department of Genetics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], Institute of Forest Entomology - Forest Pathology and Forest Protection (IFFF) - Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Department of Forest Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Department of Life Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Forest Research Institute, Karnataka Forest Department, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Concepción, Bioforest S.A., Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Natural Resources Institute Finland, Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Hungarian Forest Research Institute (ERTI), National Food Chain Safety Office - Plant Health and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Directorate of Plant Protection and Soil Conservation, MOUNTFOR Project Centre, European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Edmund Mach Foundation (FEM), Istituto Agrario di San Michele all'Adige (IASMA), Department for Innovation in Biological Agrofood and Forest Systems (DiBAF), Tuscia University, Latvian State Forest Research Institute 'Silava', Laboratory of Mycology, Archet II Hospital, Vokė Branch, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, Czech University of Agriculture, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Department of Forest Pathology, Mycology and Tree Physiology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV), Marin Dracea National Forest Research-Development Institute, St. Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Saint Petersburg State University, Southern Federal University [Rostov-on-Don] (SFEDU), Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Institute of Forest Ecology Zvolen - Branch for Woody Plants Biology Nitra, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Ingeniería Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad de Extremadura (UEX), Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Swiss Federal Research Institute, Bursa Technical University, Süleyman Demirel University, Çankırı Karatekin University, Ukrainian State Forest Protection Service, Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration (URIFFM), Agri Food and Biosciences Institute, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, EU COST Action [FP1102 DIAROD], Norwegian Financial Mechanism [EMP162], [IUT21-04], Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Natural resources institute Finland, and Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária = National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research [Oeiras, Portugal] (INIAV)
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Ecology ,Host (biology) ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Outbreak ,Forestry ,15. Life on land ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,Biology ,Subspecies ,Dothistroma needle blight ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Mycosphaerella pini ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine.drug_formulation_ingredient ,Taxon ,Dothistroma septosporum ,Pinaceae ,medicine ,Biological dispersal ,Settore AGR/12 - PATOLOGIA VEGETALE ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Summary Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) is one of the most important diseases of pine. Although its notoriety stems from Southern Hemisphere epidemics in Pinus radiata plantations, the disease has increased in prevalence and severity in areas of the Northern Hemisphere, including Europe, during the last two decades. This increase has largely been attributed to expanded planting of susceptible hosts, anthropogenic dispersal of the causative pathogens and changes in climate conducive to disease development. The last comprehensive review of DNB was published in 2004, with updates on geographic distribution and host species in 2009. Importantly, the recognition that two species, Dothistroma septosporum and D. pini, cause DNB emerged only relatively recently in 2004. These two species are morphologically very similar, and DNA-based techniques are needed to distinguish between them. Consequently, many records of host species affected or geographic location of DNB prior to 2004 are inconclusive or even misleading. The objectives of this review were (i) to provide a new database in which detailed records of DNB from 62 countries are collated; (ii) to chart the current global distribution of D. septosporum and D. pini; (iii) to list all known host species and to consider their susceptibility globally; (iv) to collate the published results of provenance trials; and (v) to consider the effects of site factors on disease incidence and severity. The review shows that DNB occurs in 76 countries, with D. septosporum confirmed to occur in 44 and D. pini in 13. There are now 109 documented Pinaceae host taxa for Dothistroma species, spanning six genera (Abies, Cedrus, Larix, Picea, Pinus and Pseudotsuga), with Pinus being the dominant host genus, accounting for 95 host taxa. The relative susceptibilities of these hosts to Dothistroma species are reported, providing a resource to inform species choice in forest planting. Country records show that most DNB outbreaks in Europe occur on Pinus nigra and its subspecies. It is anticipated that the collaborative work described in this review will both underpin a broader global research strategy to manage DNB in the future and provide a model for the study of other forest pathogens.
- Published
- 2016
14. Early-successional species show higher tolerance of drought than late-successional species across Europe.
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Beloiu Schwenke M, Bigler C, Petritan AM, Petritan IC, Madonna G, and Griess VC
- Abstract
Climate change is exacerbating forest disturbances through more frequent and more intense droughts and fires, undermining their ability to recover from such disturbances. The response of fast-growing early-successional species to drought is poorly understood, despite their key role in ecological succession and their ability to enhance ecosystem resilience. Here, we compared the growth responses to drought events of three early-successional species (silver birch, black poplar, and Scots pine) with that of one late-successional species (European beech) across their natural distribution ranges in Europe. We used tree-ring widths of 6340 trees from 109 forest sites to establish species-specific tree-ring chronologies. We then used multiple linear regression to analyze which climatic or growth variables (pre-drought growth and growth during drought) best explained the tree responses to drought. Silver birch, Scots pine, and black poplar showed superior drought tolerance, with a slight, non-significant growth reduction under drought, whereas European beech showed a significant decrease in growth. The variables that influenced growth during and after the drought were species-specific. Annual precipitation and growth variables were key predictors of post-drought growth for Scots pine, black poplar, and European beech. Scots pine and silver birch grew better with increasing latitude, i.e., in Northern Europe than in Central Europe, while European beech and black poplar showed more growth at sites with high precipitation during the vegetation and dormant period, respectively. This study provides insights into the drought tolerance of early-successional species and highlights their ability to promote ecological succession and facilitate the transition to drought-resistant, late-successional forest ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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15. No Future Growth Enhancement Expected at the Northern Edge for European Beech due to Continued Water Limitation.
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Klesse S, Peters RL, Alfaro-Sánchez R, Badeau V, Baittinger C, Battipaglia G, Bert D, Biondi F, Bosela M, Budeanu M, Čada V, Camarero JJ, Cavin L, Claessens H, Cretan AM, Čufar K, de Luis M, Dorado-Liñán I, Dulamsuren C, Espelta JM, Garamszegi B, Grabner M, Gricar J, Hacket-Pain A, Hansen JK, Hartl C, Hevia A, Hobi M, Janda P, Jump AS, Kašpar J, Kazimirović M, Keren S, Kreyling J, Land A, Latte N, Lebourgeois F, Leuschner C, Lévesque M, Longares LA, Del Castillo EM, Menzel A, Merela M, Mikoláš M, Motta R, Muffler L, Neycken A, Nola P, Panayotov M, Petritan AM, Petritan IC, Popa I, Prislan P, Levanič T, Roibu CC, Rubio-Cuadrado Á, Sánchez-Salguero R, Šamonil P, Stajić B, Svoboda M, Tognetti R, Toromani E, Trotsiuk V, van der Maaten E, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, Vannoppen A, Vašíčková I, von Arx G, Wilmking M, Weigel R, Zlatanov T, Zang C, and Buras A
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- Europe, Droughts, Water metabolism, Temperature, Forests, Fagus growth & development, Fagus physiology, Climate Change
- Abstract
With ongoing global warming, increasing water deficits promote physiological stress on forest ecosystems with negative impacts on tree growth, vitality, and survival. How individual tree species will react to increased drought stress is therefore a key research question to address for carbon accounting and the development of climate change mitigation strategies. Recent tree-ring studies have shown that trees at higher latitudes will benefit from warmer temperatures, yet this is likely highly species-dependent and less well-known for more temperate tree species. Using a unique pan-European tree-ring network of 26,430 European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees from 2118 sites, we applied a linear mixed-effects modeling framework to (i) explain variation in climate-dependent growth and (ii) project growth for the near future (2021-2050) across the entire distribution of beech. We modeled the spatial pattern of radial growth responses to annually varying climate as a function of mean climate conditions (mean annual temperature, mean annual climatic water balance, and continentality). Over the calibration period (1952-2011), the model yielded high regional explanatory power (R
2 = 0.38-0.72). Considering a moderate climate change scenario (CMIP6 SSP2-4.5), beech growth is projected to decrease in the future across most of its distribution range. In particular, projected growth decreases by 12%-18% (interquartile range) in northwestern Central Europe and by 11%-21% in the Mediterranean region. In contrast, climate-driven growth increases are limited to around 13% of the current occurrence, where the historical mean annual temperature was below ~6°C. More specifically, the model predicts a 3%-24% growth increase in the high-elevation clusters of the Alps and Carpathian Arc. Notably, we find little potential for future growth increases (-10 to +2%) at the poleward leading edge in southern Scandinavia. Because in this region beech growth is found to be primarily water-limited, a northward shift in its distributional range will be constrained by water availability., (© 2024 The Author(s). Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2024
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16. Evaluation of potential human health risks associated with Li and their relationship with Na, K, Mg, and Ca in Romania's nationwide drinking water.
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Iordache AM, Voica C, Roba C, and Nechita C
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- Humans, Romania, Risk Assessment, Magnesium analysis, Calcium analysis, Potassium analysis, Drinking Water analysis, Drinking Water chemistry, Lithium analysis, Sodium analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Background: Increasing lithium (Li) demand worldwide due to its properties and role in renewable energy will raise water reservoir pollution and side effects on human health. Divergent results regarding Li concentration in water and affective disorders are found in the literature, which is why regional reports are expected., Objective: The present study evaluated the occurrence and human health risks resulting from oral exposure, respectively, and the relationship between alkali metals (Li, Na, and K) and minerals (Mg, Ca) in balanced purified water (bottled) and spring water., Methods: The ICP-MS technique was used to measure a national database with 53 bottled and 42 spring water samples randomly selected. One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and HCA analysis were applied to assess the possible relationship between metals in water. The possible side effects of Li poisoning of water resources on human health have been evaluated using the Estimated Daily Intake Index (EDI) and Total Hazard Quotient (THQ)., Results: The toxic metals (As, Hg, and Pb) were measured, and the results indicate values above the detection limit of 22.3% of samples in the case of lead but not exceeding the safety limits. Depending on the water sources, such as bottled and spring water, the Li concentration varied between 0.06-1,557 and 0.09-984% μg/L. We found a strong positive correlation between Li and Na and Mg, varying between bottled and spring waters ( p % <%0.001). Li exceeded the limit set by the Health-Based Screening Level (HBSL) in 41.37 and 19% of bottled and spring water samples. The oral reference doses (p-R
f Ds) for the noncancer assessment of daily oral exposure effects for a human lifetime exceeded threshold values. The THQ index shows potential adverse health effects, requiring further investigations and remedial actions in 27.58% of approved bottled waters and 2.38% of spring waters., Conclusion: We can conclude that water is safe based on the Li concentration found in drinking water and supported by a gap in strict regulations regarding human Li ingestion. The present study can serve decision-makers and represent a starting database with metals of interest for further clinical studies. Decision-makers can also use it to find solutions for sustainable management of clean and safe drinking water., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Iordache, Voica, Roba and Nechita.)- Published
- 2024
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17. Meteorological, chemical and biological evaluation of the coupled chemistry-climate WRF-Chem model from regional to urban scale. An impact-oriented application for human health.
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Anav A, Sorrentino B, Collalti A, Paoletti E, Sicard P, Coulibaly F, Manzini J, Hoshika Y, and De Marco A
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- Humans, Italy, Cities, Air Pollution analysis, Models, Theoretical, Models, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring methods, Climate, Air Pollutants analysis
- Abstract
Extreme climatic conditions, like heat waves or cold spells, associated to high concentrations of air pollutants are responsible for a broad range of effects on human health. Consequently, in the recent years, the question on how urban and peri-urban forests may improve both air quality and surface climate conditions at city-scale is receiving growing attention by scientists and policymakers, with previous studies demonstrating how nature-based solutions (NBS) may contribute to reduce the risk of population to be exposed to high pollutant levels and heat stress, preventing, thus, premature mortality. In this study we present a new modeling framework designed to simulate air quality and meteorological conditions from regional to urban scale, allowing thus to assess the impacts of both air pollution and heat stress on human health at urban level. To assess the model reliability, we evaluated the model's performances in reproducing several relevant meteorological, chemical, and biological variables. Results show how our modeling system can reliably reproduce the main meteorological, chemical, and biological variables over our study areas, thus this tool can be used to estimate the impact of air pollution and heat stress on human health. As an example of application, we show how common heat stress and air pollutant indices used for human health protection change when computed from regional to urban scale for the cities of Florence (Italy) and Aix en Provence (France)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
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- 2024
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18. Identifying drivers of non-stationary climate-growth relationships of European beech.
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Leifsson C, Buras A, Klesse S, Baittinger C, Bat-Enerel B, Battipaglia G, Biondi F, Stajić B, Budeanu M, Čada V, Cavin L, Claessens H, Čufar K, de Luis M, Dorado-Liñán I, Dulamsuren C, Garamszegi B, Grabner M, Hacket-Pain A, Hansen JK, Hartl C, Huang W, Janda P, Jump AS, Kazimirović M, Knutzen F, Kreyling J, Land A, Latte N, Lebourgeois F, Leuschner C, Longares LA, Martinez Del Castillo E, Menzel A, Motta R, Muffler-Weigel L, Nola P, Panayatov M, Petritan AM, Petritan IC, Popa I, Roibu CC, Rubio-Cuadrado Á, Rydval M, Scharnweber T, Camarero JJ, Svoboda M, Toromani E, Trotsiuk V, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, van der Maaten E, Weigel R, Wilmking M, Zlatanov T, Rammig A, and Zang CS
- Subjects
- Forests, Trees growth & development, Trees physiology, Fagus growth & development, Fagus physiology, Climate Change, Droughts
- Abstract
The future performance of the widely abundant European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) across its ecological amplitude is uncertain. Although beech is considered drought-sensitive and thus negatively affected by drought events, scientific evidence indicating increasing drought vulnerability under climate change on a cross-regional scale remains elusive. While evaluating changes in climate sensitivity of secondary growth offers a promising avenue, studies from productive, closed-canopy forests suffer from knowledge gaps, especially regarding the natural variability of climate sensitivity and how it relates to radial growth as an indicator of tree vitality. Since beech is sensitive to drought, we in this study use a drought index as a climate variable to account for the combined effects of temperature and water availability and explore how the drought sensitivity of secondary growth varies temporally in dependence on growth variability, growth trends, and climatic water availability across the species' ecological amplitude. Our results show that drought sensitivity is highly variable and non-stationary, though consistently higher at dry sites compared to moist sites. Increasing drought sensitivity can largely be explained by increasing climatic aridity, especially as it is exacerbated by climate change and trees' rank progression within forest communities, as (co-)dominant trees are more sensitive to extra-canopy climatic conditions than trees embedded in understories. However, during the driest periods of the 20th century, growth showed clear signs of being decoupled from climate. This may indicate fundamental changes in system behavior and be early-warning signals of decreasing drought tolerance. The multiple significant interaction terms in our model elucidate the complexity of European beech's drought sensitivity, which needs to be taken into consideration when assessing this species' response to climate change., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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19. Tree Resilience Indices of Norway Spruce Provenances Tested in Long-Term Common Garden Experiments in the Romanian Carpathians.
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Alexandru AM, Mihai G, Stoica E, and Curtu AL
- Abstract
Provenance trials provide a valuable opportunity to evaluate the impact of extreme events on growth and wood properties. In this study, we have evaluated 81 Norway spruce provenances, tested in three provenance trials established in the Romanian Carpathians in 1972. The response to drought of the Norway spruce provenances has been examined using the following tree resilience indices: resistance, recovery, resilience, and relative resilience. The relationship between climate and growth, the correlations between wood traits, and the coordinates of the origin and tree resilience indices were also analysed. In each provenance trial, there were significant differences between provenances and years regarding wood widths and latewood percentage (LWP). Regarding drought extreme events, the years when they occurred in all three provenance trials were 2000 and 2003. Significant differences between provenances for at least one tree resilience index have been found in all provenance trials, for the year 2000. By using subperiods of 25 years, changes in the relationship between climate and growth have been observed. Several provenances with high radial growth and good resistance and/or recovery have been identified. Provenances that performed better in common garden experiments could be used in assisted migration, even in the proximity of the current natural range.
- Published
- 2024
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20. Non-linear response of Norway spruce to climate variation along elevational and age gradients in the Carpathians.
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Popa A, Popa I, Badea O, and Bosela M
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- Nonlinear Dynamics, Seasons, Machine Learning, Temperature, Picea growth & development, Climate Change, Altitude
- Abstract
Climate change, namely increased warming coupled with a rise in extreme events (e.g., droughts, storms, heatwaves), is negatively affecting forest ecosystems worldwide. In these ecosystems, growth dynamics and biomass accumulation are driven mainly by environmental constraints, inter-tree competition, and disturbance regimes. Usually, climate-growth relationships are assessed by linear correlation due to the simplicity and straightforwardness of modeling. However, applying this method may bias results, since the ecological and physiological responses of trees to environmental factors are non-linear, and usually bell-shaped. In the Eastern Carpathian, Norway spruce is at the southeasternmost edge of its natural occurrence; this region is thus potentially vulnerable to climate change. A non-linear assessment of climate-growth relationships using machine-learning techniques for Norway spruce in this area had not been conducted prior to this study. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed a large tree-ring network from 158 stands, with over 3000 trees of varying age distributed along an elevational gradient. Our results showed that non-linearity in the growth-climate response of spruce was season-specific: temperatures from the previous autumn and current growing season, along with water availability during winter, induced a bell-shaped response. Moreover, we found that at low elevations, spruce growth was mainly limited by water availability in the growing season, while winter temperatures are likely to have had a slight influence along the entire elevational gradient. Furthermore, at elevations lower than 1400 m, spruce trees were also found to be sensitive to previous autumn water availability. Overall, our results shed new light on the response of Norway spruce to climate in the Carpathians, which may aid in management decisions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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21. Alien plant species distribution in Romania: a nationwide survey following the implementation of the EU Regulation on Invasive Alien Species.
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Anastasiu P, Miu IV, Gavrilidis AA, Preda C, Rozylowicz L, Sirbu C, Oprea A, Urziceanu M, Camen-Comanescu P, Nagoda E, Memedemin D, Barbos M, Boruz V, Cislariu A, Don I, Fagaras M, Frink JP, Georgescu IM, Haruta OI, Hurdu BI, Matis A, Milanovici S, Muncaciu S, Neacsu AG, Neblea M, Nicolin AL, Niculescu M, Oroian S, Pop OG, Radutoiu DI, Samarghitan M, Simion I, Soare LC, Steiu C, Stoianov E, Strat D, Szabo A, Szatmari PM, Tanase C, Mirea MD, Manta N, and Sirbu IM
- Abstract
Background: Biological invasions pose an increasing risk to nature, social security and the economy, being ranked amongst the top five threats to biodiversity. Managing alien and invasive species is a priority for the European Union, as outlined in the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. Alien plant species are acknowledged to impact the economy and biodiversity; thus, analysing the distribution of such species provides valuable inputs for the management and decision-making processes. The database presented in the current study is the first consolidated checklist of alien plant species that are present in Romania, both of European Union concern and of national interest. This database complements a prior published distribution, based only on records from literature, bringing new information regarding the occurrence of alien plants in Romania, as revealed by a nationwide field survey. We consider this database a valuable instrument for managing biological invasions at both national and regional levels, as it can be utilised in further research studies and in drafting management and action plans, assisting stakeholders in making informed decisions and implementing management actions., New Information: We present the results of the first nationwide survey of alien plant species in Romania, conducted between 2019 and 2022, in the framework of a national project coordinated by the Ministry of Environment, Waters and Forests and the University of Bucharest. The present database complements and updates the database published by Sirbu et. al (2022), which included occurrence records published until 2019. The new database includes 98323 occurrence records for 396 alien plant species in 77 families, with most species belonging to the Asteraceae family. One alien plant species in our database, the black locust Robiniapseudoacacia L., had more than 10,000 occurrence records. The distribution database also includes information on newly-reported invasive alien plant species of European Union concern in Romania (i.e. the floating primrose-willow Ludwigiapeploides (Kunth) P.H.Raven) and documents the presence of plants in 44 additional families compared to Sirbu et al. (2022). Each entry includes information on species taxonomy, location, year, person who recorded and identified the alien plant, geographical coordinates and taxon rank., (Paulina Anastasiu, Iulia V Miu, Athanasios A Gavrilidis, Cristina Preda, Laurentiu Rozylowicz, Culita Sirbu, Adrian Oprea, Mihaela Urziceanu, Petronela Camen-Comanescu, Eugenia Nagoda, Daniyar Memedemin, Marius Barbos, Violeta Boruz, Alina Cislariu, Ioan Don, Marius Fagaras, Jozsef Pal Frink, Ioana Mihaela Georgescu, Ovidiu Ioan Haruta, Bogdan-Iuliu Hurdu, Attila Matis, Sretco Milanovici, Sorana Muncaciu, Alina Georgeta Neacsu, Monica Neblea, Alma Lioara Nicolin, Mariana Niculescu, Silvia Oroian, Oliviu Grigore Pop, Daniel I Radutoiu, Mihaela Samarghitan, Ioana Simion, Liliana Cristina Soare, Corina Steiu, Emilia Stoianov, Daniela Strat, Anna Szabo, Paul Marian Szatmari, Corneliu Tanase, Marian D Mirea, Nicolae Manta, Ioana M Sirbu.)
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- 2024
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22. Revealing legacy effects of extreme droughts on tree growth of oaks across the Northern Hemisphere.
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Bose AK, Doležal J, Scherrer D, Altman J, Ziche D, Martínez-Sancho E, Bigler C, Bolte A, Colangelo M, Dorado-Liñán I, Drobyshev I, Etzold S, Fonti P, Gessler A, Kolář T, Koňasová E, Korznikov KA, Lebourgeois F, Lucas-Borja ME, Menzel A, Neuwirth B, Nicolas M, Omelko AM, Pederson N, Petritan AM, Rigling A, Rybníček M, Scharnweber T, Schröder J, Silla F, Sochová I, Sohar K, Ukhvatkina ON, Vozmishcheva AS, Zweifel R, and Camarero JJ
- Subjects
- Droughts, Climate, Seasons, Forests, Climate Change, Trees, Quercus physiology
- Abstract
Forests are undergoing increasing risks of drought-induced tree mortality. Species replacement patterns following mortality may have a significant impact on the global carbon cycle. Among major hardwoods, deciduous oaks (Quercus spp.) are increasingly reported as replacing dying conifers across the Northern Hemisphere. Yet, our knowledge on the growth responses of these oaks to drought is incomplete, especially regarding post-drought legacy effects. The objectives of this study were to determine the occurrence, duration, and magnitude of legacy effects of extreme droughts and how that vary across species, sites, and drought characteristics. The legacy effects were quantified by the deviation of observed from expected radial growth indices in the period 1940-2016. We used stand-level chronologies from 458 sites and 21 oak species primarily from Europe, north-eastern America, and eastern Asia. We found that legacy effects of droughts could last from 1 to 5 years after the drought and were more prolonged in dry sites. Negative legacy effects (i.e., lower growth than expected) were more prevalent after repetitive droughts in dry sites. The effect of repetitive drought was stronger in Mediterranean oaks especially in Quercus faginea. Species-specific analyses revealed that Q. petraea and Q. macrocarpa from dry sites were more negatively affected by the droughts while growth of several oak species from mesic sites increased during post-drought years. Sites showing positive correlations to winter temperature showed little to no growth depression after drought, whereas sites with a positive correlation to previous summer water balance showed decreased growth. This may indicate that although winter warming favors tree growth during droughts, previous-year summer precipitation may predispose oak trees to current-year extreme droughts. Our results revealed a massive role of repetitive droughts in determining legacy effects and highlighted how growth sensitivity to climate, drought seasonality and species-specific traits drive the legacy effects in deciduous oak species., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the research reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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23. Early warning signals indicate climate change-induced stress in Norway spruce in the Eastern Carpathians.
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Popa A, van der Maaten E, Popa I, and van der Maaten-Theunissen M
- Subjects
- Climate Change, Ecosystem, Europe, Norway, Trees, Forests, Picea
- Abstract
Climate change is affecting forest ecosystems globally, in particular through warming as well as increases in the frequency and intensity of extreme events. Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is one of the most important coniferous tree species in Europe. In recent extremely dry years in Central Europe, spruce suffered and large dieback has been observed. In parts of Eastern Europe, however, no large-scale decline in spruce has been reported so far, though anticipated changes in climate pose the question how the future of these forests may look like. To assess the current state of spruce forests in Eastern Europe, we established a tree-ring network consisting of 157 Norway spruce chronologies (from >3000 trees) of different ages distributed along elevational transects in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania. We evaluated early warning signals of climate change-induced stress, i.e. (1) growth decline, (2) increased sensitivity of tree growth (assessed over the statistics first-order autocorrelation and standard deviation), and (3) increased growth synchrony. A pronounced growth decline was observed over the last two decades, which was strongest in younger stands and at lower elevations. However, growth sensitivity and synchrony did not show consistent patterns, suggesting that forest decline may not be immediately imminent. Overall, our findings highlight an increased vulnerability of spruce in the Eastern Carpathians. With ongoing climate change, spruce dieback may be expected in this part of Europe as well., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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24. Downed woody debris carbon emissions in a European temperate virgin forest as driven by species, decay classes, diameter and microclimate.
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Buezo J, Medina NG, Hereş AM, Petritan IC, Cornelissen JHC, Petritan AM, Esteban R, Ilinca E, Stoian R, and Curiel Yuste J
- Subjects
- Forests, Wood, Trees, Microclimate, Carbon
- Abstract
Downed woody debris (DWD) plays an important role as regulator of nutrient and carbon (C) cycling in forests, accounting for up to the 20 % of the total C stocks in primary forests. DWD persistence is highly influenced by microbial decomposition, which is determined by various environmental factors, including fluctuations in temperature and moisture, as well as in intrinsic DWD properties determined by species, diameter, or decay classes (DCs). The relative importance of these different drivers, as well as their interactions, remains largely unknown. Moreover, the importance of DWD for C cycling in virgin forests remains poorly understood, due to their scarcity and poor accessibility. To address this research gap, we conducted a study on DWD respiration (R
DWD ), in a temperate virgin forest dominated by European beech and silver fir. Our investigation analysed the correlation between RDWD of these two dominant tree species and the seasonal changes in climate (temperature and moisture), considering other intrinsic DWD traits such as DCs (1, 2 and 4) and diameters (1, 10 and 25 cm). As anticipated, RDWD (normalized per gram of dry DWD) increased with air temperature. Surprisingly, DWD diameter also had a strong positive correlation with RDWD . Nonetheless, the sensitivity to both variables and other intrinsic traits (DC and density) was greatly modulated by the species. On the contrary, water content, which exhibited a considerable spatial variation, had an overall negative effect on RDWD . Virgin forests are generally seen as ineffective C sinks due to their lack of net productivity and high respiration and nutrient turnover. However, the rates of RDWD in this virgin forest were significantly lower than those previously estimated for managed forests. This suggests that DWD in virgin forests may be buffering forest CO2 emissions to the atmosphere more than previously thought., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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25. Monitoring of species' genetic diversity in Europe varies greatly and overlooks potential climate change impacts.
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Pearman PB, Broennimann O, Aavik T, Albayrak T, Alves PC, Aravanopoulos FA, Bertola LD, Biedrzycka A, Buzan E, Cubric-Curik V, Djan M, Fedorca A, Fuentes-Pardo AP, Fussi B, Godoy JA, Gugerli F, Hoban S, Holderegger R, Hvilsom C, Iacolina L, Kalamujic Stroil B, Klinga P, Konopiński MK, Kopatz A, Laikre L, Lopes-Fernandes M, McMahon BJ, Mergeay J, Neophytou C, Pálsson S, Paz-Vinas I, Posledovich D, Primmer CR, Raeymaekers JAM, Rinkevich B, Rolečková B, Ruņģis D, Schuerz L, Segelbacher G, Kavčič Sonnenschein K, Stefanovic M, Thurfjell H, Träger S, Tsvetkov IN, Velickovic N, Vergeer P, Vernesi C, Vilà C, Westergren M, Zachos FE, Guisan A, and Bruford M
- Subjects
- Europe, Ecosystem, Genetic Variation, Climate Change, Conservation of Natural Resources methods
- Abstract
Genetic monitoring of populations currently attracts interest in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity but needs long-term planning and investments. However, genetic diversity has been largely neglected in biodiversity monitoring, and when addressed, it is treated separately, detached from other conservation issues, such as habitat alteration due to climate change. We report an accounting of efforts to monitor population genetic diversity in Europe (genetic monitoring effort, GME), the evaluation of which can help guide future capacity building and collaboration towards areas most in need of expanded monitoring. Overlaying GME with areas where the ranges of selected species of conservation interest approach current and future climate niche limits helps identify whether GME coincides with anticipated climate change effects on biodiversity. Our analysis suggests that country area, financial resources and conservation policy influence GME, high values of which only partially match species' joint patterns of limits to suitable climatic conditions. Populations at trailing climatic niche margins probably hold genetic diversity that is important for adaptation to changing climate. Our results illuminate the need in Europe for expanded investment in genetic monitoring across climate gradients occupied by focal species, a need arguably greatest in southeastern European countries. This need could be met in part by expanding the European Union's Birds and Habitats Directives to fully address the conservation and monitoring of genetic diversity., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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26. Microbial transformation of soil organic matter under varying agricultural management systems in Ukraine.
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Symochko L, Demyanyuk O, Crisan V, and Dinca L
- Abstract
Introduction: This paper presents comparative studies on the content and structure of organic matter (OM) and the activity of microbiological cellulose destruction in three types of Ukrainian soils intensively used in agricultural production., Methods: The highest content of humus in the arable layer (4.9%), OM (410 t ha
-1 ), and total carbon (30.9 mg C g-1 soil) was determined in chernic phaeozems, which is 2.2-2.5 times higher than in albic retisols. The soil of natural ecosystems is characterised by a high content of microbial carbon (Cmic ) in the carbon fraction of organic soil compounds., Results and Discussion: In arable soils, the content and reserves of humus and soil organic matter (SOM) have decreased by an average of 1.5-2 times. The most considerable loss of humus reserves in the soil profile was identified in albic retisols (1.96-1.44 times) and the smallest in chernic phaeozems (1.27-1.81 times). During the long-term systematic application of mineral fertilisers, the Corg content decreased by 8-21% in chernic phaeozems, 12-33% in greyzemic phaeozems, and 6-38% in albic retisols. A significant difference of 2.1-8.0 times was determined regarding the number of aerobic cellulolytic microorganisms and 1.3-3.3 times in the potential cellulolytic activity of the studied soils. The high number of cellulose-destroying microorganisms is characteristic of chernic phaeozems with a high content of OM in the soil; the advantage over other types of studied soils was 1.4 times and 7.8 times for greyzemic phaeozems and albic retisols, respectively. Among the studied soil types, high values of CO2 emissions were identified in chernic phaeozems. Intensive agricultural practices in Ukrainian soils have significantly altered the content and composition of organic matter, leading to reduced humus and soil organic matter reserves. The study also underscores the importance of considering the abundance of cellulose-destroying microorganisms and their potential activity in assessing soil health and sustainability., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Symochko, Demyanyuk, Crisan and Dinca.)- Published
- 2024
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27. From Field Data to Practical Knowledge: Investigating the Bioecology of the Oak Lace Bug-An Invasive Insect Species in Europe.
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Bălăcenoiu F, Toma D, and Nețoiu C
- Abstract
Corythucha arcuata , commonly known as the oak lace bug (OLB), is an insect species originally native to North America that has become an invasive species of significant concern in Europe. This invasive pest has been observed in various European countries, raising concerns about its impact on forest ecosystems. In 2015, it was first documented in Romania, further highlighting the need for research on its bioecology and life cycle. This study investigated the bioecology of the OLB in the southern region of Romania, focusing on its life cycle, development, and population dynamics. The results indicated that the OLB has three generations per year and overwinters in the adult stage in sheltered locations. Temperature significantly influenced the timing of egg hatching, nymph appearance, and adult development, with variation observed between generations. Additionally, a life table analysis provided insights into the population dynamics of the OLB in its natural environment, revealing variation in egg laying trends across generations. This research contributes to a better understanding of the OLB's bioecology and provides essential data for forest managers developing science-based management strategies to mitigate its impact. By elucidating the life cycle and development patterns of the OLB in southern Romania, this study aids in the development of predictive models and life tables tailored to the region. These findings empower forest managers with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions for effective OLB management, ultimately preserving the health of forest ecosystems.
- Published
- 2023
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28. Comparative Amino Acid Profile and Antioxidant Activity in Sixteen Plant Extracts from Transylvania, Romania.
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Iordache AM, Nechita C, Podea P, Șuvar NS, Mesaroṣ C, Voica C, Bleiziffer R, and Culea M
- Abstract
In addition to the naturopathic medicines based on the antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, or antioxidant properties of plant extracts that have been capitalized upon through the pharmaceutical industry, the increasing interest of the food industry in this area requires potent new materials capable of supporting this market. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro amino acid contents and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts from sixteen plants. Our results show high accumulated amino acid contents, mainly of proline, glutamic, and aspartic acid. The most consistent values of essential amino acids were isolated from T. officinale , U. dioica , C. majus , A. annua , and M. spicata . The results of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay indicate that R. officinalis was the most potent antioxidant, followed by four other extracts (in decreasing order): T. serpyllum , C. monogyna , S . officinalis , and M. koenigii . The network and principal component analyses found four natural groupings between samples based on DPPH free radical scavenging activity content. Each plant extracts' antioxidant action was discussed based on similar results found in the literature, and a lower capacity was observed for most species. An overall ranking of the analyzed plant species can be accomplished due to the range of experimental methods. The literature review revealed that these natural antioxidants represent the best side-effect-free alternatives to synthetic additives, especially in the food processing industry.
- Published
- 2023
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29. Machine learning-based prediction and assessment of recent dynamics of forest net primary productivity in Romania.
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Prăvălie R, Niculiță M, Roșca B, Marin G, Dumitrașcu M, Patriche C, Birsan MV, Nita IA, Tișcovschi A, Sîrodoev I, and Bandoc G
- Subjects
- Romania, Carbon Cycle, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Trees, Forests, Forestry
- Abstract
While the analysis of spatio-temporal changes in the net primary productivity (NPP) of forests can provide critical information on carbon cycle and climate change, these ecological trends have remained unclear in many countries worldwide, including Romania. By using complex (satellite, forest and climate) data, many sophisticated (machine learning) algorithms and some widely applied (the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slope estimator) statistical procedures, this study investigates, for the first time, recent forest NPP trends (1987-2018) that occurred in Romania, in relation to climate change that affected the country over the past decades. Following the modelling, mapping and assessment of NPP dynamics, results showed almost exclusively positive trends for this ecological parameter, which accounts for ∼99% of all forest NPP changes that occurred throughout the country, after 1987. Interestingly, almost three quarters (∼73%) of all NPP increasing trends are statistically significant, which indicates that Romania's forests have recently experienced a large-scale improvement in carbon fluxes and stocks. Investigations of eco-climatic relationships suggest that climate change has partially contributed to these surprising NPP dynamics observed in recent decades. All these findings can provide valuable information for forest management and for many stakeholders and policymakers who operate in the forestry and climate fields in Romania., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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30. Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris Bark Extracts: Characterization, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, and Antibacterial Effects.
- Author
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Macovei I, Luca SV, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Horhogea CE, Rimbu CM, Sacarescu L, Vochita G, Gherghel D, Ivanescu BL, Panainte AD, Nechita C, Corciova A, and Miron A
- Abstract
In recent years, phytofunctionalized AgNPs have attracted great interest due to their remarkable biological activities. In the present study, AgNPs were synthesized using Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris bark extracts. The chemical profile of these bark extracts was analyzed by LC-HRMS/MS. As a first step, the synthesis parameters (pH, AgNO
3 concentration, ratio of bark extract and AgNO3 , temperature, and reaction time) were optimized. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, DLS, SEM, EDX, and TEM. Their antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antibacterial properties were evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS, MTT, and broth microdilution assays, respectively. Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris bark extract-derived AgNPs were well-dispersed, spherical, small (average particle size of 9.92 and 24.49 nm, respectively), stable (zeta potential values of -10.9 and -10.8 mV, respectively), and cytotoxic to A-375 human malignant melanoma cells (IC50 = 2.40 ± 0.21 and 6.02 ± 0.61 μg/mL, respectively). The phytosynthesized AgNPs also showed antioxidant and antibacterial effects.- Published
- 2023
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31. Geographical Distribution of Three Forest Invasive Beetle Species in Romania.
- Author
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Olenici N, Duduman ML, Popa I, Isaia G, and Paraschiv M
- Abstract
Ips duplicatus (Sahlberg, 1836), Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford, 1894) and Neoclytus acuminatus (Fabricius, 1775) are invasive species reported in Romania, but their current distribution is poorly known. The research aim was to provide new information on this issue. A survey was conducted over the period 2015-2017 in 82 locations, using flight-interception traps and bottle traps, baited with different attractants. Data obtained in our other unpublished studies were also taken into account. A total of 35,136 I. duplicatus beetles were collected in 30 survey locations. The highest captures were in the log yards of some factories processing logs of Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.). Considering all known records so far, most of these are in the eastern part of Romania, where an outbreak took place during the years 2005-2014, mainly in spruce stands growing outside their natural range. During the survey, 4259 specimens of X. germanus were collected in 35 locations, but in our other studies the species was found in 13 additional places. It was collected at altitudes of 18-1200 m, and the largest catches were from beech stands, growing at 450-950 m. N. acuminatus was found in only six locations, in the western and southern parts of the country, at low altitudes, in tree stands composed of Fraxinus excelsior L., Quercus spp. and other broadleaf species, as well as in broadleaf log yards. The results suggest that I. duplicatus is established in most parts of the Norway spruce's range, X. germanus is still spreading in the country, with some areas having quite high populations, while N. acuminatus is present only in the warmest regions of the country.
- Published
- 2022
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32. Natural disturbance regimes as a guide for sustainable forest management in Europe.
- Author
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Aszalós R, Thom D, Aakala T, Angelstam P, Brūmelis G, Gálhidy L, Gratzer G, Hlásny T, Katzensteiner K, Kovács B, Knoke T, Larrieu L, Motta R, Müller J, Ódor P, Roženbergar D, Paillet Y, Pitar D, Standovár T, Svoboda M, Szwagrzyk J, Toscani P, and Keeton WS
- Subjects
- Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Europe, Forestry methods, Trees, Ecosystem, Forests
- Abstract
In Europe, forest management has controlled forest dynamics to sustain commodity production over multiple centuries. Yet over-regulation for growth and yield diminishes resilience to environmental stress as well as threatens biodiversity, leading to increasing forest susceptibility to an array of disturbances. These trends have stimulated interest in alternative management systems, including natural dynamics silviculture (NDS). NDS aims to emulate natural disturbance dynamics at stand and landscape scales through silvicultural manipulations of forest structure and landscape patterns. We adapted a "Comparability Index" (CI) to assess convergence/divergence between natural disturbances and forest management effects. We extended the original CI concept based on disturbance size and frequency by adding the residual structure of canopy trees after a disturbance as a third dimension. We populated the model by compiling data on natural disturbance dynamics and management from 13 countries in Europe, covering four major forest types (i.e., spruce, beech, oak, and pine-dominated forests). We found that natural disturbances are highly variable in size, frequency, and residual structure, but European forest management fails to encompass this complexity. Silviculture in Europe is skewed toward even-aged systems, used predominately (72.9% of management) across the countries assessed. The residual structure proved crucial in the comparison of natural disturbances and silvicultural systems. CI indicated the highest congruence between uneven-aged silvicultural systems and key natural disturbance attributes. Even so, uneven-aged practices emulated only a portion of the complexity associated with natural disturbance effects. The remaining silvicultural systems perform poorly in terms of retention compared to tree survivorship after natural disturbances. We suggest that NDS can enrich Europe's portfolio of management systems, for example where wood production is not the primary objective. NDS is especially relevant to forests managed for habitat quality, risk reduction, and a variety of ecosystem services. We suggest a holistic approach integrating NDS with more conventional practices., (© 2022 The Ecological Society of America.)
- Published
- 2022
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33. Assessing the Health Risk and the Metal Content of Thirty-Four Plant Essential Oils Using the ICP-MS Technique.
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Iordache AM, Nechita C, Voica C, Roba C, Botoran OR, and Ionete RE
- Subjects
- Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring methods, Humans, Risk Assessment, Mercury analysis, Metals, Heavy, Oils, Volatile
- Abstract
Natural ecosystems are polluted with various contaminants, and among these heavy metals raise concerns due to their side effects on both environment and human health. An investigation was conducted on essential oil samples, comparing similar products between seven producers, and the results indicated a wide variation of metal content. The recommended limits imposed by European Union regulations for medicinal plants are exceeded only in Mentha × pipperita (Adams, 0.61 mg/kg). Except for Thymus vulgaris, the multivariate analysis showed a strong correlation between toxic and microelements (p < 0.001). We verified plant species−specific bioaccumulation patterns with non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis. The model showed that Adams, Doterra, Hypericum, and Steaua Divina essential oils originated from plants containing high micro and macroelement (Cu, Mn, Mg, Na) levels. We noted that the cancer risk values for Ni were the highest (2.02 × 10−9−7.89 × 10−7). Based on the target hazard quotient, three groups of elements were associated with a possible risk to human health, including As, Hg, and Cd in the first group, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Co in the second, and Zn and Al in the third. Additionally, the challenge of coupling inter-element relationships through a network plot analysis shows a considerable probability of associating toxic metals with micronutrients, which can address cumulative risks for human consumers.
- Published
- 2022
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34. Climate-change-driven growth decline of European beech forests.
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Martinez Del Castillo E, Zang CS, Buras A, Hacket-Pain A, Esper J, Serrano-Notivoli R, Hartl C, Weigel R, Klesse S, Resco de Dios V, Scharnweber T, Dorado-Liñán I, van der Maaten-Theunissen M, van der Maaten E, Jump A, Mikac S, Banzragch BE, Beck W, Cavin L, Claessens H, Čada V, Čufar K, Dulamsuren C, Gričar J, Gil-Pelegrín E, Janda P, Kazimirovic M, Kreyling J, Latte N, Leuschner C, Longares LA, Menzel A, Merela M, Motta R, Muffler L, Nola P, Petritan AM, Petritan IC, Prislan P, Rubio-Cuadrado Á, Rydval M, Stajić B, Svoboda M, Toromani E, Trotsiuk V, Wilmking M, Zlatanov T, and de Luis M
- Subjects
- Climate Change, Droughts, Forests, Trees, Fagus
- Abstract
The growth of past, present, and future forests was, is and will be affected by climate variability. This multifaceted relationship has been assessed in several regional studies, but spatially resolved, large-scale analyses are largely missing so far. Here we estimate recent changes in growth of 5800 beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) from 324 sites, representing the full geographic and climatic range of species. Future growth trends were predicted considering state-of-the-art climate scenarios. The validated models indicate growth declines across large region of the distribution in recent decades, and project severe future growth declines ranging from -20% to more than -50% by 2090, depending on the region and climate change scenario (i.e. CMIP6 SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5). Forecasted forest productivity losses are most striking towards the southern distribution limit of Fagus sylvatica, in regions where persisting atmospheric high-pressure systems are expected to increase drought severity. The projected 21
st century growth changes across Europe indicate serious ecological and economic consequences that require immediate forest adaptation., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
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35. Phyto-Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles Derived from Conifer Bark Extracts and Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial and Cytogenotoxic Effects.
- Author
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Macovei I, Luca SV, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Sacarescu L, Pascariu P, Ghilan A, Doroftei F, Ursu EL, Rimbu CM, Horhogea CE, Lungu C, Vochita G, Panainte AD, Nechita C, Corciova MA, and Miron A
- Subjects
- Anti-Infective Agents chemical synthesis, Anti-Infective Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic, Green Chemistry Technology, Metal Nanoparticles ultrastructure, Phenols chemistry, Spectrum Analysis, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Metal Nanoparticles chemistry, Plant Bark chemistry, Plant Extracts chemistry, Silver chemistry
- Abstract
Silver nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts as reducing and capping agents showed various biological activities. In the present study, colloidal silver nanoparticle solutions were produced from the aqueous extracts of Picea abies and Pinus nigra bark. The phenolic profile of bark extracts was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was monitored using UV-Vis spectroscopy by measuring the Surface Plasmon Resonance band. Silver nanoparticles were characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The antimicrobial and cytogenotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles were evaluated by disk diffusion and Allium cepa assays, respectively. Picea abies and Pinus nigra bark extract derived silver nanoparticles were spherical (mean hydrodynamic diameters of 78.48 and 77.66 nm, respectively) and well dispersed, having a narrow particle size distribution (polydispersity index values of 0.334 and 0.224, respectively) and good stability (zeta potential values of -10.8 and -14.6 mV, respectively). Silver nanoparticles showed stronger antibacterial, antifungal, and antimitotic effects than the bark extracts used for their synthesis. Silver nanoparticles obtained in the present study are promising candidates for the development of novel formulations with various therapeutic applications.
- Published
- 2021
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36. The within-population variability of leaf spring and autumn phenology is influenced by temperature in temperate deciduous trees.
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Denéchère R, Delpierre N, Apostol EN, Berveiller D, Bonne F, Cole E, Delzon S, Dufrêne E, Gressler E, Jean F, Lebourgeois F, Liu G, Louvet JM, Parmentier J, Soudani K, and Vincent G
- Subjects
- Humans, Plant Leaves, Seasons, Temperature, Ecosystem, Trees
- Abstract
Leaf phenology is a major driver of ecosystem functioning in temperate forests and a robust indicator of climate change. Both the inter-annual and inter-population variability of leaf phenology have received much attention in the literature; in contrast, the within-population variability of leaf phenology has been far less studied. Beyond its impact on individual tree physiological processes, the within-population variability of leaf phenology can affect the estimation of the average budburst or leaf senescence dates at the population scale. Here, we monitored the progress of spring and autumn leaf phenology over 14 tree populations (9 tree species) in six European forests over the period of 2011 to 2018 (yielding 16 site-years of data for spring, 14 for autumn). We monitored 27 to 512 (with a median of 62) individuals per population. We quantified the within-population variability of leaf phenology as the standard deviation of the distribution of individual dates of budburst or leaf senescence (SD
BBi and SDLSi , respectively). Given the natural variability of phenological dates occurring in our tree populations, we estimated from the data that a minimum sample size of 28 (resp. 23) individuals, are required to estimate SDBBi (resp. SDLSi ) with a precision of 3 (resp. 7) days. The within-population of leaf senescence (average SDLSi = 8.5 days) was on average two times larger than for budburst (average SDBBi = 4.0 days). We evidenced that warmer temperature during the budburst period and a late average budburst date were associated with a lower SDBBi , as a result of a quicker spread of budburst in tree populations, with a strong species effect. Regarding autumn phenology, we observed that later senescence and warm temperatures during the senescence period were linked with a high SDLSi , with a strong species effect. The shares of variance explained by our models were modest suggesting that other factors likely influence the within-population variation in leaf phenology. For instance, a detailed analysis revealed that summer temperatures were negatively correlated with a lower SDLSi .- Published
- 2021
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37. Legacies of past forest management determine current responses to severe drought events of conifer species in the Romanian Carpathians.
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Hereş AM, Petritan IC, Bigler C, Curtu AL, Petrea Ş, Petritan AM, Polanco-Martínez JM, Rigling A, and Curiel Yuste J
- Subjects
- Ecosystem, Forests, Romania, Trees, Droughts, Tracheophyta
- Abstract
Worldwide increases in droughts- and heat-waves-associated tree mortality events are destabilizing the future of many forests and the ecosystem services they provide. Along with climate, understanding the impact of the legacies of past forest management is key to better explain current responses of different tree species to climate change. We studied tree mortality events that peaked in 2012 affecting one native (silver fir; growing within its natural distribution range) and two introduced (black pine and Scots; growing outside their natural distribution range) conifer species from the Romanian Carpathians. The three conifers were compared in terms of mortality events, growth trends, growth resilience to severe drought events, climate-growth relationships, and regeneration patterns. The mortality rates of the three species were found to be associated with severe drought events. Nevertheless, the native silver fir seems to undergo a self-thinning process, while the future of the remaining living black pine and Scots pine trees is uncertain as they register significant negative growth trends. Overall, the native silver fir showed a higher resilience to severe drought events than the two introduced pine species. Furthermore, and unlike the native silver fir, black pine and Scots pine species do not successfully regenerate. A high diversity of native broadleaf species sprouts and develops instead under them suggesting that we might be witnessing a process of ecological succession, with broadleaves recovering their habitats. As native species seem to perform better in terms of resilience and regeneration than introduced species, the overall effect of the black pine and Scots pine mortality might be compensated. Legacies of past forest management should be taken into account in order to better understand current responses of different tree species to ongoing climate change., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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38. High-severity wildfires in temperate Australian forests have increased in extent and aggregation in recent decades.
- Author
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Tran BN, Tanase MA, Bennett LT, and Aponte C
- Subjects
- Australia, Climate, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Fires, Forests, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Wildfires economics, Wildfires statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Wildfires have increased in size and frequency in recent decades in many biomes, but have they also become more severe? This question remains under-examined despite fire severity being a critical aspect of fire regimes that indicates fire impacts on ecosystem attributes and associated post-fire recovery. We conducted a retrospective analysis of wildfires larger than 1000 ha in south-eastern Australia to examine the extent and spatial pattern of high-severity burned areas between 1987 and 2017. High-severity maps were generated from Landsat remote sensing imagery. Total and proportional high-severity burned area increased through time. The number of high-severity patches per year remained unchanged but variability in patch size increased, and patches became more aggregated and more irregular in shape. Our results confirm that wildfires in southern Australia have become more severe. This shift in fire regime may have critical consequences for ecosystem dynamics, as fire-adapted temperate forests are more likely to be burned at high severities relative to historical ranges, a trend that seems set to continue under projections of a hotter, drier climate in south-eastern Australia., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist
- Published
- 2020
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39. Climate reverses directionality in the richness-abundance relationship across the World's main forest biomes.
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Madrigal-González J, Calatayud J, Ballesteros-Cánovas JA, Escudero A, Cayuela L, Rueda M, Ruiz-Benito P, Herrero A, Aponte C, Sagardia R, Plumptre AJ, Dupire S, Espinosa CI, Tutubalina O, Myint M, Pataro L, López-Sáez J, Macía MJ, Abegg M, Zavala MA, Quesada-Román A, Vega-Araya M, Golubeva E, Timokhina Y, and Stoffel M
- Subjects
- Biodiversity, Carbon metabolism, Forests, Trees classification, Trees metabolism, Climate, Ecosystem, Trees growth & development
- Abstract
More tree species can increase the carbon storage capacity of forests (here referred to as the more species hypothesis) through increased tree productivity and tree abundance resulting from complementarity, but they can also be the consequence of increased tree abundance through increased available energy (more individuals hypothesis). To test these two contrasting hypotheses, we analyse the most plausible pathways in the richness-abundance relationship and its stability along global climatic gradients. We show that positive effect of species richness on tree abundance only prevails in eight of the twenty-three forest regions considered in this study. In the other forest regions, any benefit from having more species is just as likely (9 regions) or even less likely (6 regions) than the effects of having more individuals. We demonstrate that diversity effects prevail in the most productive environments, and abundance effects become dominant towards the most limiting conditions. These findings can contribute to refining cost-effective mitigation strategies based on fostering carbon storage through increased tree diversity. Specifically, in less productive environments, mitigation measures should promote abundance of locally adapted and stress tolerant tree species instead of increasing species richness.
- Published
- 2020
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40. Genome-wide profiles indicate wolf population connectivity within the eastern Carpathian Mountains.
- Author
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Ericson HS, Fedorca A, Toderas I, Hegyeli Z, Plis K, Dykyy I, Jędrzejewska B, Ionescu G, Fedorca M, Iacolina L, and Stronen AV
- Subjects
- Animals, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Europe, Gene Flow genetics, Genetic Profile, Genetic Variation genetics, Genetics, Population methods, Genome-Wide Association Study, Phylogeography methods, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Wolves genetics
- Abstract
The Carpathian Mountains provide critical wildlife habitat in central Europe, and previous genome-wide studies have found western Carpathian Mountain wolves (Canis lupus) to be a separate population. Whereas differentiation to the north may be explained by a lowland-mountain transition and habitat fragmentation, the eastern Carpathian Mountains extending through Romania appear to offer continuous wildlife habitat southward. Our objective was to assess gene flow patterns and population connectivity among wolves in Romania, western Ukraine, and the Republic of Moldova. We sought to determine if the Carpathian Mountain region is best described by a north-south gradient in genetic profiles, or whether Romanian wolves show population structure with northern individuals clustering with western Ukraine. We genotyped 48 individuals with 170 000 single nucleotide polymorphism markers, and successful profiles from Romania (n = 27) and Moldova (n = 2) were merged with existing data from western Ukraine (n = 10). Expected heterozygosity was 0.234 (SE 0.001) for Romania and 0.229 (SE 0.001) for western Ukraine, whereas observed heterozygosity values were 0.230 (SE 0.001) versus 0.231 (SE 0.001). Population structure analyses with a maximum likelihood method supported K = 1 population, followed by K = 2 where Romania formed one cluster, and western Ukraine and Moldova formed another. Principal component analysis results were broadly consistent with K = 2. Pairwise F
ST between western Ukraine and Romania was 0.042 (p = 0.001). Our findings indicated weak population differentiation, and future research may clarify whether the spatial distribution of genetic diversity in the region is associated with environmental and ecological factors such as terrain ruggedness and the distribution of prey species.- Published
- 2020
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41. Ten principles to integrate the water-energy-land nexus with climate services for co-producing local and regional integrated assessments.
- Author
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Cremades R, Mitter H, Tudose NC, Sanchez-Plaza A, Graves A, Broekman A, Bender S, Giupponi C, Koundouri P, Bahri M, Cheval S, Cortekar J, Moreno Y, Melo O, Karner K, Ungurean C, Davidescu SO, Kropf B, Brouwer F, and Marin M
- Abstract
The water-energy-land nexus requires long-sighted approaches that help avoid maladaptive pathways to ensure its promise to deliver insights and tools that improve policy-making. Climate services can form the foundation to avoid myopia in nexus studies by providing information about how climate change will alter the balance of nexus resources and the nature of their interactions. Nexus studies can help climate services by providing information about the implications of climate-informed decisions for other economic sectors across nexus resources. First-of-its-kind guidance is provided to combine nexus studies and climate services. The guidance consists of ten principles and a visual guide, which are discussed together with questions to compare diverse case studies and with examples to support the application of the principles., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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42. Synthetic aperture radar sensitivity to forest changes: A simulations-based study for the Romanian forests.
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Tanase MA, Villard L, Pitar D, Apostol B, Petrila M, Chivulescu S, Leca S, Borlaf-Mena I, Pascu IS, Dobre AC, Pitar D, Guiman G, Lorent A, Anghelus C, Ciceu A, Nedea G, Stanculeanu R, Popescu F, Aponte C, and Badea O
- Subjects
- Romania, Environmental Monitoring methods, Forests, Radar
- Abstract
Natural and anthropogenic disturbances pose a significant threat to forest condition. Continuous, reliable and accurate forest monitoring systems are needed to provide early warning of potential declines in forest condition. To address that need, state-of-the-art simulations models were used to evaluate the utility of C-, L- and P-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors within an integrated Earth-Observation monitoring system for beech, oak and coniferous forests in Romania. The electromagnetic simulations showed differentiated sensitivity to vegetation water content, leaf area index, and forest disturbance depending on SAR wavelength and forest structure. C-band data was largely influenced by foliage volume and therefore may be useful for monitoring defoliation. Changes in water content modulated the C-band signal by <1 dB which may be insufficient for a meaningful retrieval of drought effects on forest. C-band sensitivity to significant clear-cuts was rather low (1.5 dB). More subtle effects such as selective logging or thinning may not be easily detected using C- or L-band data with the longer P-band needed for retrieving small intensity forest disturbances. Overall, the simulations emphasize that additional effort is needed to overcome current limitations arising from the use of a single frequency, acquisition time and geometry by tapping the advantages of dense time series, and by combining acquisitions from active and passive sensors. The simulation results may be applicable to forests outside of Romania since the forests types used in the study have similar morphological characteristics to forests elsewhere in Europe., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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43. Inferring fine-scale spatial structure of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) population in the Carpathians prior to infrastructure development.
- Author
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Fedorca A, Russo IM, Ionescu O, Ionescu G, Popa M, Fedorca M, Curtu AL, Sofletea N, Tabor GM, and Bruford MW
- Subjects
- Animals, Romania, Biodiversity, Gene Flow, Models, Genetic, Ursidae genetics
- Abstract
Landscape genetics is increasingly being used in landscape planning for biodiversity conservation by assessing habitat connectivity and identifying landscape barriers, using intraspecific genetic data and quantification of landscape heterogeneity to statistically test the link between genetic variation and landscape variability. In this study we used genetic data to understand how landscape features and environmental factors influence demographic connectedness in Europe's largest brown bear population and to assist in mitigating planned infrastructure development in Romania. Model-based clustering inferred one large and continuous bear population across the Carpathians suggesting that suitable bear habitat has not become sufficiently fragmented to restrict movement of individuals. However, at a finer scale, large rivers, often located alongside large roads with heavy traffic, were found to restrict gene flow significantly, while eastern facing slopes promoted genetic exchange. Since the proposed highway infrastructure development threatens to fragment regions of the Carpathians where brown bears occur, we develop a decision support tool based on models that assess the landscape configuration needed for brown bear conservation using wildlife corridor parameters. Critical brown bear corridors were identified through spatial mapping and connectivity models, which may be negatively influenced by infrastructure development and which therefore require mitigation. We recommend that current and proposed infrastructure developments incorporate these findings into their design and where possible avoid construction measures that may further fragment Romania's brown bear population or include mitigation measures where alternative routes are not feasible.
- Published
- 2019
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44. Cross-talk between physiological and biochemical adjustments by Punica granatum cv. Dente di cavallo mitigates the effects of salinity and ozone stress.
- Author
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Calzone A, Podda A, Lorenzini G, Maserti BE, Carrari E, Deleanu E, Hoshika Y, Haworth M, Nali C, Badea O, Pellegrini E, Fares S, and Paoletti E
- Subjects
- Adaptation, Physiological, Stress, Physiological, Air Pollutants adverse effects, Lythraceae physiology, Ozone adverse effects, Salt Stress physiology
- Abstract
Plants are exposed to a broad range of environmental stresses, such as salinity and ozone (O
3 ), and survive due to their ability to adjust their metabolism. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and biochemical adjustments adopted by pomegranate (Punica granatum L. cv. Dente di cavallo) under realistic field conditions. One-year-old saplings were exposed to O3 [two levels denoted as ambient (AO) and elevated (EO) O3 concentrations] and salinity [S (salt, 50 mM NaCl)] for three consecutive months. No salt (NS) plants received distilled water. Despite the accumulation of Na+ and Cl- in the aboveground biomass, no evidence of visible injury due to salt (e.g. tip yellow-brown lesions) was found. The maintenance of leaf water status (i.e. unchanged values of electrolytic leakage and relative water content), the significant increase of abscisic acid, proline and starch content (+98, +65 and +59% compared to AO_NS) and stomatal closure (-24%) are suggested to act as adaptive mechanisms against salt stress in AO_S plants. By contrast, EO_NS plants were unable to protect cells against the negative impact of O3 , as confirmed by the reduction of the CO2 assimilation rate (-21%), accumulation of reactive oxygen species (+10 and +225% of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide) and malondialdehyde by-product (about 2-fold higher than AO_NS). Plants tried to preserve themselves from further oxidative damage by adopting some biochemical adjustments [i.e. increase in proline content (+41%) and induction of catalase activity (8-fold higher than in AO_NS)]. The interaction of the two stressors induced responses considerably different to those observed when each stressor was applied independently. An analysis of the antioxidant pool revealed that the biochemical adjustments adopted by P. granatum under EO_S conditions (e.g. reduction of total ascorbate; increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase) were not sufficient to ameliorate the O3 -induced oxidative stress., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
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45. Early-Warning Signals of Individual Tree Mortality Based on Annual Radial Growth.
- Author
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Cailleret M, Dakos V, Jansen S, Robert EMR, Aakala T, Amoroso MM, Antos JA, Bigler C, Bugmann H, Caccianaga M, Camarero JJ, Cherubini P, Coyea MR, Čufar K, Das AJ, Davi H, Gea-Izquierdo G, Gillner S, Haavik LJ, Hartmann H, Hereş AM, Hultine KR, Janda P, Kane JM, Kharuk VI, Kitzberger T, Klein T, Levanic T, Linares JC, Lombardi F, Mäkinen H, Mészáros I, Metsaranta JM, Oberhuber W, Papadopoulos A, Petritan AM, Rohner B, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Smith JM, Stan AB, Stojanovic DB, Suarez ML, Svoboda M, Trotsiuk V, Villalba R, Westwood AR, Wyckoff PH, and Martínez-Vilalta J
- Abstract
Tree mortality is a key driver of forest dynamics and its occurrence is projected to increase in the future due to climate change. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the physiological mechanisms leading to death, we still lack robust indicators of mortality risk that could be applied at the individual tree scale. Here, we build on a previous contribution exploring the differences in growth level between trees that died and survived a given mortality event to assess whether changes in temporal autocorrelation, variance, and synchrony in time-series of annual radial growth data can be used as early warning signals of mortality risk. Taking advantage of a unique global ring-width database of 3065 dead trees and 4389 living trees growing together at 198 sites (belonging to 36 gymnosperm and angiosperm species), we analyzed temporal changes in autocorrelation, variance, and synchrony before tree death (diachronic analysis), and also compared these metrics between trees that died and trees that survived a given mortality event (synchronic analysis). Changes in autocorrelation were a poor indicator of mortality risk. However, we found a gradual increase in inter-annual growth variability and a decrease in growth synchrony in the last ∼20 years before mortality of gymnosperms, irrespective of the cause of mortality. These changes could be associated with drought-induced alterations in carbon economy and allocation patterns. In angiosperms, we did not find any consistent changes in any metric. Such lack of any signal might be explained by the relatively high capacity of angiosperms to recover after a stress-induced growth decline. Our analysis provides a robust method for estimating early-warning signals of tree mortality based on annual growth data. In addition to the frequently reported decrease in growth rates, an increase in inter-annual growth variability and a decrease in growth synchrony may be powerful predictors of gymnosperm mortality risk, but not necessarily so for angiosperms.
- Published
- 2019
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46. What is socio-ecological research delivering? A literature survey across 25 international LTSER platforms.
- Author
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Dick J, Orenstein DE, Holzer JM, Wohner C, Achard AL, Andrews C, Avriel-Avni N, Beja P, Blond N, Cabello J, Chen C, Díaz-Delgado R, Giannakis GV, Gingrich S, Izakovicova Z, Krauze K, Lamouroux N, Leca S, Melecis V, Miklós K, Mimikou M, Niedrist G, Piscart C, Postolache C, Psomas A, Santos-Reis M, Tappeiner U, Vanderbilt K, and Van Ryckegem G
- Abstract
With an overarching goal of addressing global and regional sustainability challenges, Long Term Socio-Ecological Research Platforms (LTSER) aim to conduct place-based research, to collect and synthesize both environmental and socio-economic data, and to involve a broader stakeholder pool to set the research agenda. To date there have been few studies examining the output from LTSER platforms. In this study we enquire if the socio-ecological research from 25 self-selected LTSER platforms of the International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network has produced research products which fulfil the aims and ambitions of the paradigm shift from ecological to socio-ecological research envisaged at the turn of the century. In total we assessed 4983 publically available publications, of which 1112 were deemed relevant to the socio-ecological objectives of the platform. A series of 22 questions were scored for each publication, assessing relevance of responses in terms of the disciplinary focus of research, consideration of human health and well-being, degree of stakeholder engagement, and other relevant variables. The results reflected the diverse origins of the individual platforms and revealed a wide range in foci, temporal periods and quantity of output from participating platforms, supporting the premise that there is a growing trend in socio-ecological research at long-term monitoring platforms. Our review highlights the challenges of realizing the top-down goal to harmonize international network activities and objectives and the need for bottom-up, self-definition for research platforms. This provides support for increasing the consistency of LTSER research while preserving the diversity of regional experiences., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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47. Ozone exposure affects tree defoliation in a continental climate.
- Author
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De Marco A, Vitale M, Popa I, Anav A, Badea O, Silaghi D, Leca S, Screpanti A, and Paoletti E
- Subjects
- Air Pollution, Climate, Romania, Air Pollutants toxicity, Ozone toxicity, Plant Leaves drug effects, Trees drug effects
- Abstract
Ground-level ozone (O
3 ) affects trees through visible leaf injury, accelerating leaf senescence, declining foliar chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activity, growth, carbon sequestration, predisposing to pests attack and a variety of other physiological effects. Tree crown defoliation is one of the most important parameters that is representative of forest health and vitality. Effects of air pollution on forests have been investigated through manipulative experiments that are not representative of the real environmental conditions observed in the field. In this work we investigated the role of O3 concentration and other metrics (AOT40 and POD0) in affecting crown defoliation in temperate Romanian forests. The impacts of O3 were estimated in combination with nitrogen pollutants, climatic factors and orographic conditions, by applying a non-linear modelling approach (Random Forest and Generalised Regression Models). Ozone concentration and AOT40 under Romanian conditions were more important than meteorological parameters in affecting crown defoliation. In these particular conditions, POD0 never exceeded the critical level suggested by previous literature for forest protection, and thus was not important in affecting crown defoliation., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2017
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48. A synthesis of radial growth patterns preceding tree mortality.
- Author
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Cailleret M, Jansen S, Robert EM, Desoto L, Aakala T, Antos JA, Beikircher B, Bigler C, Bugmann H, Caccianiga M, Čada V, Camarero JJ, Cherubini P, Cochard H, Coyea MR, Čufar K, Das AJ, Davi H, Delzon S, Dorman M, Gea-Izquierdo G, Gillner S, Haavik LJ, Hartmann H, Hereş AM, Hultine KR, Janda P, Kane JM, Kharuk VI, Kitzberger T, Klein T, Kramer K, Lens F, Levanic T, Linares Calderon JC, Lloret F, Lobo-Do-Vale R, Lombardi F, López Rodríguez R, Mäkinen H, Mayr S, Mészáros I, Metsaranta JM, Minunno F, Oberhuber W, Papadopoulos A, Peltoniemi M, Petritan AM, Rohner B, Sangüesa-Barreda G, Sarris D, Smith JM, Stan AB, Sterck F, Stojanović DB, Suarez ML, Svoboda M, Tognetti R, Torres-Ruiz JM, Trotsiuk V, Villalba R, Vodde F, Westwood AR, Wyckoff PH, Zafirov N, and Martínez-Vilalta J
- Subjects
- Animals, Carbon, Stress, Physiological, Coleoptera, Droughts, Trees growth & development
- Abstract
Tree mortality is a key factor influencing forest functions and dynamics, but our understanding of the mechanisms leading to mortality and the associated changes in tree growth rates are still limited. We compiled a new pan-continental tree-ring width database from sites where both dead and living trees were sampled (2970 dead and 4224 living trees from 190 sites, including 36 species), and compared early and recent growth rates between trees that died and those that survived a given mortality event. We observed a decrease in radial growth before death in ca. 84% of the mortality events. The extent and duration of these reductions were highly variable (1-100 years in 96% of events) due to the complex interactions among study species and the source(s) of mortality. Strong and long-lasting declines were found for gymnosperms, shade- and drought-tolerant species, and trees that died from competition. Angiosperms and trees that died due to biotic attacks (especially bark-beetles) typically showed relatively small and short-term growth reductions. Our analysis did not highlight any universal trade-off between early growth and tree longevity within a species, although this result may also reflect high variability in sampling design among sites. The intersite and interspecific variability in growth patterns before mortality provides valuable information on the nature of the mortality process, which is consistent with our understanding of the physiological mechanisms leading to mortality. Abrupt changes in growth immediately before death can be associated with generalized hydraulic failure and/or bark-beetle attack, while long-term decrease in growth may be associated with a gradual decline in hydraulic performance coupled with depletion in carbon reserves. Our results imply that growth-based mortality algorithms may be a powerful tool for predicting gymnosperm mortality induced by chronic stress, but not necessarily so for angiosperms and in case of intense drought or bark-beetle outbreaks., (© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. How Does the Amount and Composition of PM Deposited on Platanus acerifolia Leaves Change Across Different Cities in Europe?
- Author
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Baldacchini C, Castanheiro A, Maghakyan N, Sgrigna G, Verhelst J, Alonso R, Amorim JH, Bellan P, Bojović DĐ, Breuste J, Bühler O, Cântar IC, Cariñanos P, Carriero G, Churkina G, Dinca L, Esposito R, Gawroński SW, Kern M, Le Thiec D, Moretti M, Ningal T, Rantzoudi EC, Sinjur I, Stojanova B, Aničić Urošević M, Velikova V, Živojinović I, Sahakyan L, Calfapietra C, and Samson R
- Subjects
- Air Pollution, Cities, Environmental Monitoring, Europe, Particle Size, Plant Leaves chemistry, Air Pollutants, Particulate Matter
- Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) deposited on Platanus acerifolia tree leaves has been sampled in the urban areas of 28 European cities, over 20 countries, with the aim of testing leaf deposited particles as indicator of atmospheric PM concentration and composition. Leaves have been collected close to streets characterized by heavy traffic and within urban parks. Leaf surface density, dimensions, and elemental composition of leaf deposited particles have been compared with leaf magnetic content, and discussed in connection with air quality data. The PM quantity and size were mainly dependent on the regional background concentration of particles, while the percentage of iron-based particles emerged as a clear marker of traffic-related pollution in most of the sites. This indicates that Platanus acerifolia is highly suitable to be used in atmospheric PM monitoring studies and that morphological and elemental characteristics of leaf deposited particles, joined with the leaf magnetic content, may successfully allow urban PM source apportionment.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Sources of errors and uncertainties in the assessment of forest soil carbon stocks at different scales-review and recommendations.
- Author
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Vanguelova EI, Bonifacio E, De Vos B, Hoosbeek MR, Berger TW, Vesterdal L, Armolaitis K, Celi L, Dinca L, Kjønaas OJ, Pavlenda P, Pumpanen J, Püttsepp Ü, Reidy B, Simončič P, Tobin B, and Zhiyanski M
- Subjects
- Climate, Uncertainty, Carbon analysis, Forests, Soil chemistry
- Abstract
Spatially explicit knowledge of recent and past soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in forests will improve our understanding of the effect of human- and non-human-induced changes on forest C fluxes. For SOC accounting, a minimum detectable difference must be defined in order to adequately determine temporal changes and spatial differences in SOC. This requires sufficiently detailed data to predict SOC stocks at appropriate scales within the required accuracy so that only significant changes are accounted for. When designing sampling campaigns, taking into account factors influencing SOC spatial and temporal distribution (such as soil type, topography, climate and vegetation) are needed to optimise sampling depths and numbers of samples, thereby ensuring that samples accurately reflect the distribution of SOC at a site. Furthermore, the appropriate scales related to the research question need to be defined: profile, plot, forests, catchment, national or wider. Scaling up SOC stocks from point sample to landscape unit is challenging, and thus requires reliable baseline data. Knowledge of the associated uncertainties related to SOC measures at each particular scale and how to reduce them is crucial for assessing SOC stocks with the highest possible accuracy at each scale. This review identifies where potential sources of errors and uncertainties related to forest SOC stock estimation occur at five different scales-sample, profile, plot, landscape/regional and European. Recommendations are also provided on how to reduce forest SOC uncertainties and increase efficiency of SOC assessment at each scale.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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