37 results on '"Marchiosi R"'
Search Results
2. Benzoxazolin-2-(3 H)-one reduces photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll fluorescence in soybean.
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Parizotto, A., Marchiosi, R., Bubna, G., Bevilaqua, J., Ferro, A., Ferrarese, M., and Ferrarese-Filho, O.
- Subjects
SOYBEAN -- Nutrition ,PHOTOCHEMISTRY ,CHLOROPHYLL spectra ,PHOTOSYNTHESIS ,GAS exchange in plants - Abstract
Benzoxazolin-2-( 3H)-one (BOA) has been tested in many plants species, but not in soybean ( Glycine max). Thus, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to assess the effects of BOA on soybean photosynthesis. BOA reduced net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry without affecting intercellular CO concentration or maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry. Results revealed that the reduced stomatal conductance restricted entry of CO into substomatal spaces, thus limiting CO assimilation. No change found in intercellular CO concentration and reduced effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry revealed that CO was not efficiently consumed by the plants. Our data indicated that the effects of BOA on soybean photosynthesis occurred due to the reduced stomatal conductance and decreased efficiency of carbon assimilation. The accumulation of BOA in soybean leaves reinforced these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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3. Root Growth Inhibition and Lignification Induced by Salt Stress in Soybean
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Neves, G. Y. S., primary, Marchiosi, R., additional, Ferrarese, M. L. L., additional, Siqueira‐Soares, R. C., additional, and Ferrarese‐Filho, O., additional
- Published
- 2010
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4. A simple chromatographic assay to discriminate between glyphosate-resistant and susceptible soybean (Glycine max) cultivars
- Author
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Bonini, E.A., primary, Ferrarese, M.L.L., additional, Marchiosi, R., additional, Zonetti, P.C., additional, and Ferrarese-Filho, O., additional
- Published
- 2009
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5. Polyvalent lignin: Recent approaches in determination and applications
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Dos Santos, W. D., Marchiosi, R., Vilar, F. C. M., Lima, R. B., Soares, A. R., Parizotto, Ă V., Dyoni Matias Oliveira, and Ferrarese-Filho, O.
6. Inhibition of sulfur assimilation by S-benzyl-L-cysteine: Impacts on growth, photosynthesis, and leaf proteome of maize plants.
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Foletto-Felipe MP, Abrahão J, Contesoto IC, Ferro AP, Grizza LHE, Menezes PVMDC, Wagner ALS, Seixas FAV, de Oliveira MAS, Tomazini LF, Constantin RP, Dos Santos WD, Ferrarese-Filho O, and Marchiosi R
- Abstract
Sulfur is an essential nutrient for various physiological processes, including protein synthesis and enzyme activation. We aimed to evaluate how S-benzyl-L-cysteine (SBC), an inhibitor of the sulfur assimilation pathway, affects maize plants' growth, photosynthesis, and leaf proteomic profile. Thus, maize plants were grown for 14 days in vermiculite supplemented with SBC. Photosynthesis was assessed using light and CO
2 response curves and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Leaf proteome analysis was conducted to evaluate photosynthetic protein biosynthesis, and ROS content was quantified to assess oxidative stress. Applying SBC resulted in a significant decrease in the growth of maize plants. The gas exchange analysis revealed that maize plants exhibited a diminished rate of CO2 assimilation attributable to both stomatal and non-stomatal limitations. Furthermore, SBC suppressed the activity of important elements involved in the photosynthetic electron transport chain (including photosystems I and II, cytochrome b6 f, and ATP synthase) and enzymes responsible for the Calvin cycle, some of which have sulfur-containing prosthetic groups. Consequently, the diminished electron flow rate resulted in a substantial increase in the levels of ROS within the leaves. Our research highlights the crucial role of SBC in disrupting maize photosynthesis by limiting L-cysteine and assimilated sulfur availability, which are essential for the synthesis of protein and prosthetic groups and photosynthetic processes, emphasizing the potential of OAS-TL as a new herbicide site of action., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2024
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7. Multi-targets of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by erythrosine against Staphylococcus aureus identified by proteomic approach.
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de Oliveira Silva JV, Meneguello JE, Formagio MD, de Freitas CF, Malacarne LC, Marchiosi R, de Mendonça PSB, Zanetti Campanerut-Sá PA, and Graton Mikcha JM
- Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a global challenge to the clinical field and food industry. Therefore, the development of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become one of the valuable methods to control this pathogen. The antibacterial activity of photoinactivation by erythrosine (Ery) against S. aureus has been reported, but its modes of action are unclear. This study aimed to employ a proteomic approach to analyze modes of action of Ery-aPDT against S. aureus. We determined the antibacterial effect by Ery-aPDT assays, quantified reactive oxygen species (ROS) and injury to the cell membrane, and determined protein expression using a proteomic approach combined with bioinformatic tools. Ery-aPDT was effective in reducing S. aureus to undetectable levels. In addition, the increment of ROS accompanied the increase in the reduction of cell viability, and damage to cellular membranes was shown by sublethal injury. In proteomic analysis, we found 17 differentially expressed proteins. These proteins revealed changes mainly associated with defense to oxidative stress, energy metabolism, translation, and protein biosynthesis. Thus, these results suggest that the effectiveness of Ery-aPDT is due to multi-targets in the bacterial cell that cause the death of S. aureus., (© 2024 American Society for Photobiology.)
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- 2024
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8. Inhibition of O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase as a promising new mechanism of action for herbicides.
- Author
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Foletto-Felipe MP, Abrahão J, Siqueira-Soares RC, Contesoto IC, Grizza LHE, de Almeida GHG, Constantin RP, Philippsen GS, Seixas FAV, Bueno PSA, de Oliveira MAS, Constantin RP, Dos Santos WD, Ferrarese-Filho O, and Marchiosi R
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- Cysteine, Cysteine Synthase metabolism, Plants metabolism, Sulfhydryl Compounds metabolism, Arabidopsis metabolism, Herbicides pharmacology, Lyases
- Abstract
Enzymes of the sulfur assimilation pathway of plants have been identified as potential targets for herbicide development, given their crucial role in synthesizing amino acids, coenzymes, and various sulfated compounds. In this pathway, O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OAS-TL; EC 2.5.1.47) catalyzes the synthesis of L-cysteine through the incorporation of sulfate into O-acetylserine (OAS). This study used an in silico approach to select seven inhibitors for OAS-TL. The in silico experiments revealed that S-benzyl-L-cysteine (SBC) had a better docking score (-7.0 kcal mol
-1 ) than the substrate OAS (-6.6 kcal mol-1 ), indicating its suitable interaction with the active site of the enzyme. In vitro experiments showed that SBC is a non-competitive inhibitor of OAS-TL from Arabidopsis thaliana expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli, with a Kic of 4.29 mM and a Kiu of 5.12 mM. When added to the nutrient solution, SBC inhibited the growth of maize and morning glory weed plants due to the reduction of L-cysteine synthesis. Remarkably, morning glory was more sensitive than maize. As proof of its mechanism of action, L-cysteine supplementation to the nutrient solution mitigated the inhibitory effect of SBC on the growth of morning glory. Taken together, our data suggest that reduced L-cysteine synthesis is the primary cause of growth inhibition in maize and morning glory plants exposed to SBC. Furthermore, our findings indicate that inhibiting OAS-TL could potentially be a novel approach for herbicidal action., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)- Published
- 2023
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9. The harmful acute effects of clomipramine in the rat liver: Impairments in mitochondrial bioenergetics.
- Author
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Bizerra PFV, Itou da Silva FS, Gilglioni EH, Nanami LF, Klosowski EM, de Souza BTL, Raimundo AFG, Dos Santos KBP, Mewes JM, Constantin RP, Mito MS, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, Constantin J, Mingatto FE, Esquissato GNM, Marchiosi R, Dos Santos WD, Ferrarese-Filho O, and Constantin RP
- Subjects
- Rats, Animals, Energy Metabolism, Liver metabolism, Mitochondria metabolism, Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Mitochondria, Liver metabolism, Clomipramine toxicity, Clomipramine metabolism, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury metabolism
- Abstract
Clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant used to treat depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder, has been linked to a few cases of acute hepatotoxicity. It is also recognized as a compound that hinders the functioning of mitochondria. Hence, the effects of clomipramine on mitochondria should endanger processes that are somewhat connected to energy metabolism in the liver. For this reason, the primary aim of this study was to examine how the effects of clomipramine on mitochondrial functions manifest in the intact liver. For this purpose, we used the isolated perfused rat liver, but also isolated hepatocytes and isolated mitochondria as experimental systems. According to the findings, clomipramine harmed metabolic processes and the cellular structure of the liver, especially the membrane structure. The considerable decrease in oxygen consumption in perfused livers strongly suggested that the mechanism of clomipramine toxicity involves the disruption of mitochondrial functions. Coherently, it could be observed that clomipramine inhibited both gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis, two processes that rely on ATP production within the mitochondria. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations for gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis ranged from 36.87 μM to 59.64 μM. The levels of ATP as well as the ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP ratios were reduced, but distinctly, between the livers of fasted and fed rats. The results obtained from experiments conducted on isolated hepatocytes and isolated mitochondria unambiguously confirmed previous propositions about the effects of clomipramine on mitochondrial functions. These findings revealed at least three distinct mechanisms of action, including uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibition of the F
o F1 -ATP synthase complex, and inhibition of mitochondrial electron flow. The elevation in activity of cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes detected in the effluent perfusate from perfused livers, coupled with the increase in aminotransferase release and trypan blue uptake observed in isolated hepatocytes, provided further evidence of the hepatotoxicity of clomipramine. It can be concluded that impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and cellular damage are important factors underlying the hepatotoxicity of clomipramine and that taking excessive amounts of clomipramine can lead to several risks including decreased ATP production, severe hypoglycemia, and potentially fatal outcomes., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors affirm that they have no known financial or interpersonal conflicts that would have seemed to influence the research that is the subject of this publication., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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10. Proteomic Investigation over the Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by Rose Bengal Against Staphylococcus aureus.
- Author
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de Oliveira Silva JV, Meneguello JE, Formagio MD, Freitas CF, Hioka N, Pilau EJ, Marchiosi R, Machinski M Junior, de Abreu Filho BA, Zanetti Campanerut-Sá PA, and Graton Mikcha JM
- Subjects
- Staphylococcus aureus, Rose Bengal pharmacology, Photosensitizing Agents pharmacology, Photosensitizing Agents chemistry, Proteomics, Photochemotherapy methods, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
In order, understanding the antimicrobial action of photodynamic therapy and how this technique can contribute to its application in the control of pathogens. The objective of the study was to employ a proteomic approach to investigate the protein profile of Staphylococcus aureus after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by rose bengal (RB-aPDT). S. aureus was treated with RB (10 nmoL L
-1 ) and illuminated with green LED (0.17 J cm-2 ) for cell viability evaluation. Afterward, proteomic analysis was employed for protein identification and bioinformatic tools to classify the differentially expressed proteins. The reduction in S. aureus after photoinactivation was ~2.5 log CFU mL-1 . A total of 12 proteins (four up-regulated and eight down-regulated) correspond exclusively to alteration by RB-aPDT. Functionally, these proteins are distributed in protein binding, structural constituent of ribosome, proton transmembrane transporter activity and ATPase activity. The effects of photodamage include alterations of levels of several proteins resulting in an activated stress response, altered membrane potential and effects on energy metabolism. These 12 proteins required the presence of both light and RB suggesting a unique response to photodynamic effects. The information about this technique contributes valuable insights into bacterial mechanisms and the mode of action of photodynamic therapy., (© 2022 American Society for Photobiology.)- Published
- 2023
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11. Toluidine blue O directly and photodynamically impairs the bioenergetics of liver mitochondria: a potential mechanism of hepatotoxicity.
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Dos Santos KBP, Raimundo AFG, Klosowski EM, de Souza BTL, Mito MS, Constantin RP, Mantovanelli GC, Mewes JM, Bizerra PFV, da Costa Menezes PVM, Utsunomiya KS, Gilglioni EH, Marchiosi R, Dos Santos WD, Ferrarese-Filho O, Caetano W, de Souza Pereira PC, Gonçalves RS, Constantin J, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, and Constantin RP
- Subjects
- Rats, Animals, Tolonium Chloride metabolism, Tolonium Chloride pharmacology, Energy Metabolism, Photosensitizing Agents pharmacology, Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Mitochondria, Liver metabolism, Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury metabolism
- Abstract
Toluidine blue O (TBO) is a phenothiazine dye that, due to its photochemical characteristics and high affinity for biomembranes, has been revealed as a new photosensitizer (PS) option for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT). This points to a possible association with membranous organelles like mitochondrion. Therefore, here we investigated its effects on mitochondrial bioenergetic functions both in the dark and under photostimulation. Two experimental systems were utilized: (a) isolated rat liver mitochondria and (b) isolated perfused rat liver. Our data revealed that, independently of photostimulation, TBO presented affinity for mitochondria. Under photostimulation, TBO increased the protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation levels (up to 109.40 and 119.87%, respectively) and decreased the reduced glutathione levels (59.72%) in mitochondria. TBO also uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation and photoinactivated the respiratory chain complexes I, II, and IV, as well as the F
o F1 -ATP synthase complex. Without photostimulation, TBO caused uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and loss of inner mitochondrial membrane integrity and inhibited very strongly succinate oxidase activity. TBO's uncoupling effect was clearly seen in intact livers where it stimulated oxygen consumption at concentrations of 20 and 40 μM. Additionally, TBO (40 μM) reduced cellular ATP levels (52.46%) and ATP/ADP (45.98%) and ATP/AMP (74.17%) ratios. Consequently, TBO inhibited gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis whereas it stimulated glycogenolysis and glycolysis. In conclusion, we have revealed for the first time that the efficiency of TBO as a PS may be linked to its ability to photodynamically inhibit oxidative phosphorylation. In contrast, TBO is harmful to mitochondrial energy metabolism even without photostimulation, which may lead to adverse effects when used in PDT., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Photochemistry Association, European Society for Photobiology.)- Published
- 2023
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12. The metabolic and toxic acute effects of phloretin in the rat liver.
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Itou da Silva FS, Veiga Bizerra PF, Mito MS, Constantin RP, Klosowski EM, Lima de Souza BT, Moreira da Costa Menezes PV, Alves Bueno PS, Nanami LF, Marchiosi R, Dantas Dos Santos W, Ferrarese-Filho O, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, and Constantin RP
- Subjects
- Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Animals, Blood Glucose metabolism, Glucose metabolism, Liver, Mitochondria, Liver metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Gluconeogenesis, Phloretin pharmacology
- Abstract
The current study sought to evaluate the acute effects of phloretin (PH) on metabolic pathways involved in the maintenance of glycemia, specifically gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, in the perfused rat liver. The acute effects of PH on energy metabolism and toxicity parameters in isolated hepatocytes and mitochondria, as well as its effects on the activity of a few key enzymes, were also evaluated. PH inhibited gluconeogenesis from different substrates, stimulated glycogenolysis and glycolysis, and altered oxygen consumption. The citric acid cycle activity was inhibited by PH under gluconeogenic conditions. Similarly, PH reduced the cellular ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP ratios under gluconeogenic and glycogenolytic conditions. In isolated mitochondria, PH inhibited the electron transport chain and the F
o F1 -ATP synthase complex as well as acted as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, inhibiting the synthesis of ATP. PH also decreased the activities of malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphatase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Part of the bioenergetic effects observed in isolated mitochondria was shown in isolated hepatocytes, in which PH inhibited mitochondrial respiration and decreased ATP levels. An aggravating aspect might be the finding that PH promotes the net oxidation of NADH, which contradicts the conventional belief that the compound operates as an antioxidant. Although trypan blue hepatocyte viability tests revealed substantial losses in cell viability over 120 min of incubation, PH did not promote extensive enzyme leakage from injured cells. In line with this effect, only after a lengthy period of infusion did PH considerably stimulate the release of enzymes into the effluent perfusate of livers. In conclusion, the increased glucose release caused by enhanced glycogenolysis, along with suppression of gluconeogenesis, is the opposite of what is predicted for antihyperglycemic agents. These effects were caused in part by disruption of mitochondrial bioenergetics, a result that should be considered when using PH for therapeutic purposes, particularly over long periods and in large doses., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
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13. Inhibiting tricin biosynthesis improves maize lignocellulose saccharification.
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Mendes GGM, Mota TR, Bossoni GEB, Marchiosi R, Oliveira DM, Constantin RP, Dos Santos WD, and Ferrarese-Filho O
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- Biomass, Cell Wall metabolism, Flavonoids, Lignin metabolism, Zea mays
- Abstract
Lignin is a technological bottleneck to convert polysaccharides into fermentable sugars, and different strategies of genetic-based metabolic engineering have been applied to improve biomass saccharification. Using maize seedlings grown hydroponically for 24 h, we conducted a quick non-transgenic approach with five enzyme inhibitors of the lignin and tricin pathways. Two compounds [3,4-(methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid: MDCA and 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid: PDCA] revealed interesting findings on root growth, lignin composition, and saccharification. By inhibiting hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA ligase, a key enzyme of phenylpropanoid pathway, MDCA decreased the lignin content and improved saccharification, but it decreased root growth. By inhibiting flavone synthase, a key enzyme of tricin biosynthesis, PDCA decreased total lignin content and improved saccharification without affecting root growth. PDCA was three-fold more effective than MDCA, suggesting that controlling lignin biosynthesis with enzymatic inhibitors may be an attractive strategy to improve biomass saccharification., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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14. Cadmium uncouples mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and induces oxidative cellular stress in soybean roots.
- Author
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Finger-Teixeira A, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, Marchiosi R, Coelho ÉMP, Constantin RP, Dos Santos WD, Soares AR, and Ferrarese-Filho O
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- Antioxidants metabolism, Mitochondria metabolism, Oxidative Stress, Plant Roots metabolism, Glycine max metabolism, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Cadmium metabolism, Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) inhibits soybean root growth, but its exact mode of action is still not completely understood. We evaluated the effects of Cd on growth, mitochondrial respiration, lipid peroxidation, total phenols, glutathione, and activities of lipoxygenase (LOX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in soybean roots. In primary roots, Cd stimulated KCN-insensitive respiration and KCN-SHAM-insensitive respiration, indicating the involvement of the alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway, while it decreased KCN-sensitive respiration, suggesting an inhibition of the cytochrome oxidase pathway (COX). In isolated mitochondria, Cd uncoupled the oxidative phosphorylation since it decreased state III respiration (coupled respiration) and ADP/O and respiratory control ratios, while it increased state IV respiration (depletion of exogenously added ADP). The uncoupling effect increased extramitochondrial LOX activity, lipid peroxidation, and oxidized and reduced glutathione, which induced an antioxidant response with enhanced SOD and CAT activities. In brief, our findings reveal that Cd acts as an uncoupler of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in soybean roots, disturbing cellular respiration and inducing oxidative cellular stress., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2021
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15. Proteomic profiling of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producer Klebsiella pneumoniae after induced polymyxin resistance.
- Author
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Queiroz PA, Meneguello JE, Silva BR, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Scodro RB, Cardoso RF, Marchiosi R, and Siqueira VL
- Subjects
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Proteomics, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Klebsiella pneumoniae drug effects, Klebsiella pneumoniae genetics, Polymyxin B pharmacology, beta-Lactamases genetics
- Abstract
Aim: To elucidate the changes in protein expression associated with polymyxin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae , we profiled a comparative proteomic analysis of polymyxin B-resistant mutants KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae , and of its susceptible counterparts. Material & methods: Two-dimensional reversed phase nano ultra-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry was used for proteomic analysis. Results: Our results showed that the proteomic profile involved several biological processes, and we highlight the downregulation of outer membrane protein A (OmpA) and the upregulation of SlyB outer membrane lipoprotein (conserved protein member of the PhoPQ regulon) and AcrA multidrug efflux pump in polymyxin B-resistant strains. Conclusion: Our results highlight the possible participation of the SlyB, AcrA and OmpA proteins in the determination of polymyxin B heteroresistance in KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae.
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- 2021
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16. The photodynamic and intrinsic effects of Azure B on mitochondrial bioenergetics and the consequences of its intrinsic effects on hepatic energy metabolism.
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Raimundo AFG, Dos Santos KBP, Klosowski EM, de Souza BTL, Mito MS, Constantin RP, Mantovanelli GC, Mewes JM, Bizerra PFV, Menezes PVMDC, Utsunomiya KS, Gilglioni EH, Marchiosi R, Dantas Dos Santos W, Ferrarese-Filho O, Caetano W, Pereira PCS, Gonçalves RS, Constantin J, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, and Constantin RP
- Subjects
- Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Animals, Azure Stains, Energy Metabolism, Liver, Mitochondria metabolism, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Photochemotherapy methods, Photosensitizing Agents metabolism, Photosensitizing Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to characterize the intrinsic and photodynamic effects of azure B (AB) on mitochondrial bioenergetics, as well as the consequences of its intrinsic effects on hepatic energy metabolism., Methods: Two experimental systems were utilized: (a) isolated rat liver mitochondria and (b) isolated perfused rat liver., Results: AB interacted with mitochondria regardless of photostimulation, but its binding degree was reduced by mitochondrial energization. Under photostimulation, AB caused lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation and decreased the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria. AB impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics in at least three distinct ways: (1) uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation; (2) photoinactivation of complexes I and II; and (3) photoinactivation of the F
o F1 -ATP synthase complex. Without photostimulation, AB also demonstrated mitochondrial toxicity, which was characterized by the induction of lipid peroxidation, loss of inner mitochondrial membrane integrity, and uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation. The perfused rat liver experiments showed that mitochondria were one of the major targets of AB, even in intact cells. AB inhibited gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis, two biosynthetic pathways strictly dependent on intramitochondrially generated ATP. Contrariwise, AB stimulated glycogenolysis and glycolysis, which are required compensatory pathways for the inhibited oxidative phosphorylation. Similarly, AB reduced the cellular ATP content and the ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP ratios., Conclusions: Although the properties and severe photodynamic effects of AB on rat liver mitochondria might suggest its usefulness in PDT treatment of liver tumors, this possibility should be considered with precaution given the toxic intrinsic effects of AB on mitochondrial bioenergetics and energy-linked hepatic metabolism., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)- Published
- 2021
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17. The photosensitiser azure A disrupts mitochondrial bioenergetics through intrinsic and photodynamic effects.
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de Souza BTL, Klosowski EM, Mito MS, Constantin RP, Mantovanelli GC, Mewes JM, Bizerra PFV, da Silva FSI, Menezes PVMDC, Gilglioni EH, Utsunomiya KS, Marchiosi R, Dos Santos WD, Ferrarese-Filho O, Caetano W, de Souza Pereira PC, Gonçalves RS, Constantin J, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, and Constantin RP
- Subjects
- Adenosine Triphosphate metabolism, Animals, Cell Survival drug effects, Hepatocytes drug effects, Hepatocytes pathology, Lipid Peroxidation drug effects, Liver pathology, Male, Mitochondria, Liver pathology, Oxygen Consumption drug effects, Protein Carbonylation drug effects, Rats, Wistar, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Rats, Azure Stains toxicity, Energy Metabolism drug effects, Liver drug effects, Mitochondria, Liver drug effects
- Abstract
Azure A (AA) is a cationic molecule of the class of phenothiazines that has been applied in vitro as a photosensitising agent in photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. It is a di-demethylated analogue of methylene blue (MB), which has been demonstrated to be intrinsically and photodynamically highly active on mitochondrial bioenergetics. However, as far as we know, there are no studies about the photodynamic effects of AA on mammalian mitochondria. Therefore, this investigation aimed to characterise the intrinsic and photodynamic acute effects of AA (0.540 μM) on isolated rat liver mitochondria, isolated hepatocytes, and isolated perfused rat liver. The effects of AA were assessed by evaluating several parameters of mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative stress, cell viability, and hepatic energy metabolism. The photodynamic effects of AA were assessed under simulated hypoxic conditions, a suitable way for mimicking the microenvironment of hypoxic solid tumour cells. AA interacted with the mitochondria and, upon photostimulation (10 min of light exposure), produced toxic amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damaged the organelle, as demonstrated by the high levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation. The photostimulated AA also depleted the GSH pool, which could compromise the mitochondrial antioxidant defence. Bioenergetically, AA photoinactivated the complexes I, II, and IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and the F
1 FO -ATP synthase complex, sharply inhibiting the oxidative phosphorylation. Upon photostimulation (10 min of light exposure), AA reduced the efficiency of mitochondrial energy transduction and oxidatively damaged lipids in isolated hepatocytes but did not decrease the viability of cells. Despite the useful photobiological properties, AA presented noticeable dark toxicity on mitochondrial bioenergetics, functioning predominantly as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. This harmful effect of AA was evidenced in isolated hepatocytes, in which AA diminished the cellular ATP content. In this case, the cells exhibited signs of cell viability reduction in the presence of high AA concentrations, but only after a long time of incubation (at least 90 min). The impairments on mitochondrial bioenergetics were also clearly manifested in intact perfused rat liver, in which AA diminished the cellular ATP content and stimulated the oxygen uptake. Consequently, gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis were strongly inhibited, whereas glycogenolysis and glycolysis were stimulated. AA also promoted the release of cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes into the perfusate concomitantly with inhibition of oxygen consumption. In general, the intrinsic and photodynamic effects of AA were similar to those of MB, but AA caused some distinct effects such as the photoinactivation of the complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and a diminution of the ATP levels in the liver. It is evident that AA has the potential to be used in mitochondria-targeted photodynamic therapy, even under low oxygen concentrations. However, the fact that AA directly disrupts mitochondrial bioenergetics and affects several hepatic pathways that are linked to ATP metabolism, along with its ability to perturb cellular membranes and its little potential to reduce cell viability, could result in significant adverse effects especially in long-term treatments., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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18. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles affect the cell wall structure and lignin composition slightly altering the soybean growth.
- Author
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Almeida GHG, Siqueira-Soares RC, Mota TR, Oliveira DM, Abrahão J, Foletto-Felipe MP, Dos Santos WD, Ferrarese-Filho O, and Marchiosi R
- Subjects
- Aluminum Oxide toxicity, Cell Wall drug effects, Lignin chemistry, Lignin metabolism, Nanoparticles toxicity, Glycine max drug effects
- Abstract
Aluminum oxide (Al
2 O3 ) nanoparticles (NPs) are among the nanoparticles most used industrially, but their impacts on living organisms are widely unknown. We evaluated the effects of 50-1000 mg L-1 Al2 O3 NPs on the growth, metabolism of lignin and its monomeric composition in soybean plants. Al2 O3 NPs did not affect the length of roots and stems. However, at the microscopic level, Al2 O3 NPs altered the root surface inducing the formation of cracks near to root apexes and damage to the root cap. The results suggest that Al2 O3 NPs were internalized and accumulated into the cytosol and cell wall of roots, probably interacting with organelles such as mitochondria. At the metabolic level, Al2 O3 NPs increased soluble and cell wall-bound peroxidase activities in roots and stems but reduced phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in stems. Increased lignin contents were also detected in roots and stems. The Al2 O3 NPs increased the p-hydroxyphenyl monomer levels in stems but reduced them in roots. The total phenolic content increased in roots and stems; cell wall-esterified p-coumaric and ferulic acids increased in roots, while the content of p-coumaric acid decreased in stems. In roots, the content of ionic aluminum (Al+3 ) was extremely low, corresponding to 0.0000252% of the aluminum applied in the nanoparticulate form. This finding suggests that all adverse effects observed were due to the Al2 O3 NPs only. Altogether, these findings suggest that the structure and properties of the soybean cell wall were altered by the Al2 O3 NPs, probably to reduce its uptake and phytotoxicity., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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19. Suppression of a BAHD acyltransferase decreases p-coumaroyl on arabinoxylan and improves biomass digestibility in the model grass Setaria viridis.
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Mota TR, de Souza WR, Oliveira DM, Martins PK, Sampaio BL, Vinecky F, Ribeiro AP, Duarte KE, Pacheco TF, Monteiro NKV, Campanha RB, Marchiosi R, Vieira DS, Kobayashi AK, Molinari PAO, Ferrarese-Filho O, Mitchell RAC, Molinari HBC, and Dos Santos WD
- Subjects
- Biomass, Cell Wall metabolism, Genes, Plant, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Polysaccharides metabolism, Setaria Plant enzymology, Setaria Plant genetics, Acyltransferases metabolism, Coumaric Acids metabolism, Setaria Plant metabolism, Xylans metabolism
- Abstract
Grass cell walls have hydroxycinnamic acids attached to arabinosyl residues of arabinoxylan (AX), and certain BAHD acyltransferases are involved in their addition. In this study, we characterized one of these BAHD genes in the cell wall of the model grass Setaria viridis. RNAi silenced lines of S. viridis (SvBAHD05) presented a decrease of up to 42% of ester-linked p-coumarate (pCA) and 50% of pCA-arabinofuranosyl, across three generations. Biomass from SvBAHD05 silenced plants exhibited up to 32% increase in biomass saccharification after acid pre-treatment, with no change in total lignin. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that SvBAHD05 is a p-coumaroyl coenzyme A transferase (PAT) mainly involved in the addition of pCA to the arabinofuranosyl residues of AX in Setaria. Thus, our results provide evidence of p-coumaroylation of AX promoted by SvBAHD05 acyltransferase in the cell wall of the model grass S. viridis. Furthermore, SvBAHD05 is a promising biotechnological target to engineer crops for improved biomass digestibility for biofuels, biorefineries and animal feeding., (© 2020 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2021
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20. Feruloyl esterase activity and its role in regulating the feruloylation of maize cell walls.
- Author
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Oliveira DM, Mota TR, Salatta FV, de Almeida GHG, Olher VGA, Oliveira MAS, Marchiosi R, Ferrarese-Filho O, and Dos Santos WD
- Subjects
- Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases metabolism, Cell Wall chemistry, Coumaric Acids chemistry, Plant Proteins metabolism, Zea mays enzymology
- Abstract
Cell walls of grasses have ferulic acid (FA) ester-linked to the arabinosyl substitutions of arabinoxylan (AX). Feruloyl esterases (FAE) are carboxylic acid esterases that release FA from cell walls and synthetic substrates. Despite the importance of FA for cell wall recalcitrance and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, the physiological function of plant FAEs remains unclear. Here, we developed a simple method for the determination of FAE activity (ZmFAE) in maize using the total protein extract and investigated its role in regulating the feruloylation of cell wall. The method includes a single protein extraction and enzymatic reaction with protein concentration as low as 65 μg at 35 °C for 30 min, using methyl ferulate as the substrate. The methodology allowed the determination of the apparent K
m (392.82 μM) and Vmax (79.15 pkat mg-1 protein). We also found that ZmFAE activity was correlated (r = 0.829) with the levels of FA in seedling roots, plant roots and leaves of maize. Furthermore, the exposure to osmotic stress resulted in a 50% increase in ZmFAE activity in seedling roots. These data suggest that FAE-catalyzed reaction is important for cell wall feruloylation during plant development and in response to abiotic stress. We conclude proposing a model for the feruloylation and deferuloylation of AX, which explains the role of FAE in regulating the levels of ester-linked FA. Our model might orient further studies investigating the role of plant FAEs and assist strategies for genetic engineering of grasses to obtain plants with reduced biomass recalcitrance., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
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21. Cell wall remodeling under salt stress: Insights into changes in polysaccharides, feruloylation, lignification, and phenolic metabolism in maize.
- Author
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Oliveira DM, Mota TR, Salatta FV, Sinzker RC, Končitíková R, Kopečný D, Simister R, Silva M, Goeminne G, Morreel K, Rencoret J, Gutiérrez A, Tryfona T, Marchiosi R, Dupree P, Del Río JC, Boerjan W, McQueen-Mason SJ, Gomez LD, Ferrarese-Filho O, and Dos Santos WD
- Subjects
- Cell Wall metabolism, Cellulose analysis, Cellulose chemistry, Coumaric Acids metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Lignin metabolism, Monosaccharides analysis, Plant Cells metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Polysaccharides chemistry, Salt Stress physiology, Seedlings cytology, Seedlings metabolism, Xylans analysis, Xylans chemistry, Xylans metabolism, Zea mays growth & development, Cell Wall chemistry, Phenols metabolism, Polysaccharides metabolism, Zea mays cytology, Zea mays metabolism
- Abstract
Although cell wall polymers play important roles in the tolerance of plants to abiotic stress, the effects of salinity on cell wall composition and metabolism in grasses remain largely unexplored. Here, we conducted an in-depth study of changes in cell wall composition and phenolic metabolism induced upon salinity in maize seedlings and plants. Cell wall characterization revealed that salt stress modulated the deposition of cellulose, matrix polysaccharides and lignin in seedling roots, plant roots and stems. The extraction and analysis of arabinoxylans by size-exclusion chromatography, 2D-NMR spectroscopy and carbohydrate gel electrophoresis showed a reduction of arabinoxylan content in salt-stressed roots. Saponification and mild acid hydrolysis revealed that salinity also reduced the feruloylation of arabinoxylans in roots of seedlings and plants. Determination of lignin content and composition by nitrobenzene oxidation and 2D-NMR confirmed the increased incorporation of syringyl units in lignin of maize roots. Salt stress also induced the expression of genes and the activity of enzymes enrolled in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The UHPLC-MS-based metabolite profiling confirmed the modulation of phenolic profiling by salinity and the accumulation of ferulate and its derivatives 3- and 4-O-feruloyl quinate. In conclusion, we present a model for explaining cell wall remodeling in response to salinity., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
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22. Entacapone improves saccharification without affecting lignin and maize growth: An in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approach.
- Author
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Parizotto AV, Ferro AP, Marchiosi R, Moreira-Vilar FC, Bevilaqua JM, Dos Santos WD, Seixas FAV, and Ferrarese-Filho O
- Subjects
- Biofuels, Biomass, Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors pharmacology, Cell Wall drug effects, Plants, Genetically Modified, Catechols pharmacology, Lignin, Nitriles pharmacology, Polysaccharides metabolism, Zea mays drug effects
- Abstract
Caffeate 3-O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the methylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of caffeate to produce ferulate, an important precursor of the lignin biosynthesis. As a crucial drawback for biofuel production, lignin limits the enzymatic hydrolysis of polysaccharides to result in fermentable sugars. We hypothesized that a controlled inhibition of maize COMT can be an efficient approach to reduce ferulate and lignin, thus improving the saccharification process. First, we applied in silico techniques to prospect potential inhibitors of ZmaysCOMT, and the nitrocatechol entacapone was selected. Second, in vitro assays confirmed the inhibitory effect of entacapone on maize COMT. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that entacapone reduced the contents of cell-wall-esterified hydroxycinnamates and increased saccharification of stems (18%) and leaves (70%), without negatively affecting maize growth and lignin biosynthesis. This non-genetically modified approach can be an alternative strategy to facilitate the enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass polysaccharides and increase saccharification for bioethanol production., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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23. The photodynamic and direct actions of methylene blue on mitochondrial energy metabolism: A balance of the useful and harmful effects of this photosensitizer.
- Author
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Klosowski EM, de Souza BTL, Mito MS, Constantin RP, Mantovanelli GC, Mewes JM, Bizerra PFV, Menezes PVMDC, Gilglioni EH, Utsunomiya KS, Marchiosi R, Dos Santos WD, Filho OF, Caetano W, Pereira PCS, Gonçalves RS, Constantin J, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, and Constantin RP
- Subjects
- Animals, Energy Metabolism, Mitochondria metabolism, Mitochondria, Liver metabolism, Rats, Methylene Blue toxicity, Photosensitizing Agents metabolism, Photosensitizing Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
According to the literature, methylene blue (MB) is a photosensitizer (PS) with a high affinity for mitochondria. Therefore, several studies have explored this feature to evaluate its photodynamic effects on the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway under normoxic conditions. We are aware only of limited reports regarding MB's photodynamic effects on mitochondrial energy metabolism, especially under hypoxic conditions. Thus, the purposes of this study were to determine the direct and photodynamic acute effects of MB on the energy metabolism of rat liver mitochondria under hypoxic conditions and its direct acute effects on several parameters linked to energy metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver. MB presented a high affinity for mitochondria, irrespective of photostimulation or proton gradient formation. Upon photostimulation, MB demonstrated high in vitro oxidizing species generation ability. Consequently, MB damaged the mitochondrial macromolecules, as could be evidenced by the elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls. In addition to generating a pro-oxidant environment, MB also led to a deficient antioxidant defence system, as indicated by the reduced glutathione (GSH) depletion. Bioenergetically, MB caused uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and led to photodynamic inactivation of complex I, complex II, and F
1 FO -ATP synthase complex, thus decreasing mitochondrial ATP generation. Contrary to what is expected for an ideal PS, MB displayed appreciable dark toxicity on mitochondrial energy metabolism. The results indicated that MB acted via at least three mechanisms: direct damage to the inner mitochondrial membrane; uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation; and inhibition of electron transfer. Confirming the impairment of mitochondrial energy metabolism, MB also strongly inhibited mitochondrial ATP production. In the perfused rat liver, MB stimulated oxygen consumption, decreased the ATP/ADP ratio, inhibited gluconeogenesis and ureogenesis, and stimulated glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and ammoniagenesis, fully corroborating its uncoupling action in intact cells, as well. It can be concluded that even under hypoxic conditions, MB is a PS with potential for photodynamic effect-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. However, MB disrupts the mitochondrial energy metabolism even in the dark, causing energy-linked liver metabolic changes that could be harmful in specific circumstances., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2020
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24. Designing xylan for improved sustainable biofuel production.
- Author
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Oliveira DM, Mota TR, Salatta FV, Marchiosi R, Gomez LD, McQueen-Mason SJ, Ferrarese-Filho O, and Dos Santos WD
- Subjects
- Biomass, Cell Wall chemistry, Lignin chemistry, Biofuels, Crops, Agricultural chemistry, Xylans chemistry
- Published
- 2019
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25. Exogenous application of rosmarinic acid improves saccharification without affecting growth and lignification of maize.
- Author
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Bevilaqua JM, Finger-Teixeira A, Marchiosi R, Oliveira DM, Joia BM, Ferro AP, Parizotto ÂV, Dos Santos WD, and Ferrarese-Filho O
- Subjects
- Cell Wall, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Metabolic Networks and Pathways drug effects, Plant Roots drug effects, Plant Roots growth & development, Plant Roots metabolism, Zea mays growth & development, Zea mays metabolism, Rosmarinic Acid, Carbohydrate Metabolism drug effects, Cinnamates pharmacology, Depsides pharmacology, Lignin metabolism, Zea mays drug effects
- Abstract
Biomimetically incorporated into the lignin structure, rosmarinic acid improves in vitro maize cell wall saccharification; however, no in planta studies have been performed. We hypothesized that rosmarinic acid, itself, could inducer saccharification without disturbing plant growth. Its effects on growth, enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway, lignin, monomeric composition, and saccharification of maize were evaluated. In a short-term (24 h) exposure, rosmarinic acid caused deleterious effects on maize roots, inhibiting the first enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and tyrosine ammonia-lyase, altering lignin composition and slightly increasing saccharification. In a long-term (14 d) exposure, rosmarinic acid increased saccharification of maize stems by about 50% without any deleterious effects on plant growth, the phenylpropanoid pathway and lignin formation. This demonstrated that exogenous application of rosmarinic acid on maize plants improved saccharification, and represented an interesting approach in facilitating enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass polysaccharides and increasing bioethanol production., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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26. Feruloyl esterases: Biocatalysts to overcome biomass recalcitrance and for the production of bioactive compounds.
- Author
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Oliveira DM, Mota TR, Oliva B, Segato F, Marchiosi R, Ferrarese-Filho O, Faulds CB, and Dos Santos WD
- Subjects
- Animals, Biotechnology, Coumaric Acids metabolism, Humans, Substrate Specificity, Biomass, Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases metabolism
- Abstract
Ferulic acid and its hydroxycinnamate derivatives represent one of the most abundant forms of low molecular weight phenolic compounds in plant biomass. Feruloyl esterases are part of a microorganism's plant cell wall-degrading enzymatic arsenal responsible for cleaving insoluble wall-bound hydroxycinnamates and soluble cytosolic conjugates. Stimulated by industrial requirements, accelerating scientific discoveries and knowledge transfer, continuous improvement efforts have been made to identify, create and repurposed biocatalysts dedicated to plant biomass conversion and biosynthesis of high-added value molecules. Here we review the basic knowledge and recent advances in biotechnological characteristics and the gene content encoding for feruloyl esterases. Information about several enzymes is systematically organized according to their function, biochemical properties, substrate specificity, and biotechnological applications. This review contributes to further structural, functional, and biotechnological R&D both for obtaining hydroxycinnamates from agricultural by-products as well as for lignocellulose biomass treatments aiming for production of bioethanol and other derivatives of industrial interest., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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27. Trans-aconitic acid inhibits the growth and photosynthesis of Glycine max.
- Author
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Bortolo TDSC, Marchiosi R, Viganó J, Siqueira-Soares RC, Ferro AP, Barreto GE, Bido GS, Abrahão J, Dos Santos WD, and Ferrarese-Filho O
- Subjects
- Cell Membrane Permeability drug effects, Chlorophyll metabolism, Fluorescence, Gases metabolism, Hydrogen Peroxide metabolism, Plant Roots drug effects, Plant Roots metabolism, Plant Stomata drug effects, Plant Stomata physiology, Solutions, Glycine max drug effects, Aconitic Acid pharmacology, Photosynthesis drug effects, Glycine max growth & development
- Abstract
Grasses producing trans-aconitic acid, a geometric isomer of cis-aconitic acid, are often used in Glycine max rotation systems. However, the effects of trans-aconitic acid on Glycine max are unknown. We conducted a hydroponic experiment to evaluate the effects of 2.5-10 mM trans-aconitic acid on Glycine max growth and photosynthesis. The results revealed that the enhanced H
2 O2 production in the roots increased the membrane permeability and reduced the water uptake. These effects culminated with a reduced stomatal conductance (gs ), which seems to be the main cause for a decreased photosynthetic rate (A). Due to low gs , the limited CO2 assimilation may have overexcited the photosystems, as indicated by the high production of H2 O2 in leaves. After 96 h of incubation, and due to H2 O2 -induced damage to photosystems, a probable non-stomatal limitation for photosynthesis contributed to reducing A. This is corroborated by the significant decrease in the quantum yield of electron flow through photosystem II in vivo (ΦPSII ) and the chlorophyll content. Taken together, the damage to the root system and photosynthetic apparatus caused by trans-aconitic acid significantly reduced the Glycine max plant growth., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2018
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28. Lignin-induced growth inhibition in soybean exposed to iron oxide nanoparticles.
- Author
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Cunha Lopes TL, de Cássia Siqueira-Soares R, Gonçalves de Almeida GH, Romano de Melo GS, Barreto GE, de Oliveira DM, Dos Santos WD, Ferrarese-Filho O, and Marchiosi R
- Subjects
- Ferric Compounds chemistry, Lignin chemistry, Nanoparticles chemistry, Glycine max drug effects
- Abstract
Plants are occasionally exposed to environmental perturbations that limit their growth. One of these perturbations is the exposure to and interaction with various nanoparticles (NPs) that are discarded continuously into the environment. Hitherto, no study has been carried out evaluating the effects of iron oxide (γ-Fe
2 O3 ) NPs on soybean growth and lignin formation, as proposed herein. For comparative purposes, we also submitted soybean plants to non-nanoparticulate iron (FeCl3 ). Exposure of the plants to γ-Fe2 O3 NPs increased cell wall-bound peroxidase (POD) activity but decreased phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity due, probably, to the negative feedback of accumulated phenolic compounds. In contrast, FeCl3 decreased cell wall-bound POD activity. Both γ-Fe2 O3 NPs and FeCl3 increased the lignin content of roots and stems. However, significant lignin-induced growth inhibition was noted only in stems after exposure to NPs, possibly due to changes in lignin monomer composition. In this case, γ-Fe2 O3 NPs decreased the guaiacyl monomer content of roots but increased that of stems. The high levels of monomer guaiacyl in stems resulting from the action of γ-Fe2 O3 NPs decreased syringyl/guaiacyl ratios, generating more highly cross-linked lignin followed by the stiffening of the cell wall and growth inhibition. In contrast, FeCl3 increased the contents of monomers p-hydroxyphenyl and syringyl in roots. The observed increase in the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in plant roots submitted to FeCl3 agrees with the lack of effect on growth, due to the formation of a less condensed lignin. In brief, we here describe that γ-Fe2 O3 NPs and FeCl3 act differently in soybean plants., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2018
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29. Comparative effects of L-DOPA and velvet bean seed extract on soybean lignification.
- Author
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Bido GS, da Silva HA, Bortolo TDSC, Maldonado MR, Marchiosi R, Dos Santos WD, and Ferrarese-Filho O
- Subjects
- Levodopa metabolism, Lignin metabolism, Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Seeds genetics, Glycine max genetics, Mucuna metabolism, Seeds metabolism, Glycine max metabolism
- Abstract
Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) is an efficient cover forage that controls weeds, pathogens and nematodes, and the non-protein amino acid L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) is its main allelochemical. The effects of 3 g L
-1 of an aqueous extract of velvet bean seeds, along with 0.5 mM L-DOPA for comparison, were evaluated in roots, stems and leaves of soybean (Glycine max). The activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) were determined, along with the lignin content and its monomeric composition. The results revealed similar effects caused by L-DOPA and the aqueous extract. Both treatments reduced PAL and CAD activities, lignin, and lignin monomer contents in roots; PAL and CAD activities in stems, and CAD activity in leaves. These findings provide further evidence that the effects of velvet bean cover forage on root lignification were due to the L-DOPA, its major allelochemical.- Published
- 2018
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30. Suppression of a single BAHD gene in Setaria viridis causes large, stable decreases in cell wall feruloylation and increases biomass digestibility.
- Author
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de Souza WR, Martins PK, Freeman J, Pellny TK, Michaelson LV, Sampaio BL, Vinecky F, Ribeiro AP, da Cunha BADB, Kobayashi AK, de Oliveira PA, Campanha RB, Pacheco TF, Martarello DCI, Marchiosi R, Ferrarese-Filho O, Dos Santos WD, Tramontina R, Squina FM, Centeno DC, Gaspar M, Braga MR, Tiné MAS, Ralph J, Mitchell RAC, and Molinari HBC
- Subjects
- Acids metabolism, Brachypodium genetics, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Coenzyme A-Transferases metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Gene Silencing, Hydrolysis, Lignin metabolism, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Organ Size, Phylogeny, Plant Stems metabolism, Plants, Genetically Modified, Seeds anatomy & histology, Seeds growth & development, Transcriptome genetics, Xylans metabolism, Biomass, Cell Wall metabolism, Coenzyme A-Transferases genetics, Coumaric Acids metabolism, Genes, Plant, Setaria Plant enzymology, Setaria Plant genetics, Suppression, Genetic
- Abstract
Feruloylation of arabinoxylan (AX) in grass cell walls is a key determinant of recalcitrance to enzyme attack, making it a target for improvement of grass crops, and of interest in grass evolution. Definitive evidence on the genes responsible is lacking so we studied a candidate gene that we identified within the BAHD acyl-CoA transferase family. We used RNA interference (RNAi) silencing of orthologs in the model grasses Setaria viridis (SvBAHD01) and Brachypodium distachyon (BdBAHD01) and determined effects on AX feruloylation. Silencing of SvBAHD01 in Setaria resulted in a c. 60% decrease in AX feruloylation in stems consistently across four generations. Silencing of BdBAHD01 in Brachypodium stems decreased feruloylation much less, possibly due to higher expression of functionally redundant genes. Setaria SvBAHD01 RNAi plants showed: no decrease in total lignin, approximately doubled arabinose acylated by p-coumarate, changes in two-dimensional NMR spectra of unfractionated cell walls consistent with biochemical estimates, no effect on total biomass production and an increase in biomass saccharification efficiency of 40-60%. We provide the first strong evidence for a key role of the BAHD01 gene in AX feruloylation and demonstrate that it is a promising target for improvement of grass crops for biofuel, biorefining and animal nutrition applications., (© 2017 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2017 New Phytologist Trust.)
- Published
- 2018
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31. Ferulic acid: a key component in grass lignocellulose recalcitrance to hydrolysis.
- Author
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de Oliveira DM, Finger-Teixeira A, Mota TR, Salvador VH, Moreira-Vilar FC, Molinari HB, Mitchell RA, Marchiosi R, Ferrarese-Filho O, and dos Santos WD
- Subjects
- Biomass, Cell Wall metabolism, Hydrolysis, Polysaccharides metabolism, Coumaric Acids metabolism, Lignin metabolism, Poaceae metabolism
- Abstract
In the near future, grasses must provide most of the biomass for the production of renewable fuels. However, grass cell walls are characterized by a large quantity of hydroxycinnamic acids such as ferulic and p-coumaric acids, which are thought to reduce the biomass saccharification. Ferulic acid (FA) binds to lignin, polysaccharides and structural proteins of grass cell walls cross-linking these components. A controlled reduction of FA level or of FA cross-linkages in plants of industrial interest can improve the production of cellulosic ethanol. Here, we review the biosynthesis and roles of FA in cell wall architecture and in grass biomass recalcitrance to enzyme hydrolysis., (© 2014 Society for Experimental Biology, Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2015
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32. Benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one inhibits soybean growth and alters the monomeric composition of lignin.
- Author
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Parizotto AV, Bubna GA, Marchiosi R, Soares AR, Ferrarese Mde L, and Ferrarese-Filho O
- Subjects
- Biomass, Plant Leaves drug effects, Plant Leaves metabolism, Plant Roots anatomy & histology, Plant Roots drug effects, Plant Roots growth & development, Plant Stems drug effects, Plant Stems metabolism, Glycine max drug effects, Benzoxazoles pharmacology, Lignin metabolism, Glycine max growth & development, Glycine max metabolism
- Abstract
The effects of the allelochemical benzoxazolin-2-(3H)-one (BOA) were evaluated on growth, lignin content and its monomers p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) in roots, stems and leaves of soybean. BOA decreased the lengths and fresh weights of roots and stems, and the fresh weights and areas of leaves. Reductions in the growth were accompanied by enhanced lignin content in all tissues. In roots, the allelochemical increased the content of H, G and S monomers as well as the overall amount of lignin (referred to as the sum of H+G+S), but did not alter the S/G ratio. In stems and leaves, BOA increased the H, G, S and H+G+S contents while decreasing the S/G ratio. In brief, BOA-induced inhibition of soybean may be due to excessive production of monomers that increase the degree of polymerization of lignin, limit cell expansion, solidify the cell wall and restrict plant growth.
- Published
- 2015
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33. The effects of dopamine on antioxidant enzymes activities and reactive oxygen species levels in soybean roots.
- Author
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Gomes BR, Siqueira-Soares Rde C, Dos Santos WD, Marchiosi R, Soares AR, and Ferrarese-Filho O
- Subjects
- Hydrogen Peroxide metabolism, Lipid Peroxidation drug effects, Melanins metabolism, Plant Roots drug effects, Glycine max drug effects, Superoxides metabolism, Antioxidants metabolism, Dopamine pharmacology, Plant Roots enzymology, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Glycine max enzymology
- Abstract
In the current work, we investigated the effects of dopamine, an neurotransmitter found in several plant species on antioxidant enzyme activities and ROS in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) roots. The effects of dopamine on SOD, CAT and POD activities, as well as H2O2, O2(•-), melanin contents and lipid peroxidation were evaluated. Three-day-old seedlings were cultivated in half-strength Hoagland nutrient solution (pH 6.0), without or with 0.1 to 1.0 mM dopamine, in a growth chamber (25°C, 12 h photoperiod, irradiance of 280 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) for 24 h. Significant increases in melanin content were observed. The levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation decreased at all concentrations of dopamine tested. The SOD activity increased significantly under the action of dopamine, while CT activity was inhibited and POD activity was unaffected. The results suggest a close relationship between a possible antioxidant activity of dopamine and melanin and activation of SOD, reducing the levels of ROS and damage on membranes of soybean roots.
- Published
- 2014
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34. The role of L-DOPA in plants.
- Author
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Soares AR, Marchiosi R, Siqueira-Soares Rde C, Barbosa de Lima R, Dantas dos Santos W, and Ferrarese-Filho O
- Subjects
- Oxidation-Reduction, Pheromones, Levodopa metabolism, Mucuna metabolism
- Abstract
Since higher plants regularly release organic compounds into the environment, their decay products are often added to the soil matrix and a few have been reported as agents of plant-plant interactions. These compounds, active against higher plants, typically suppress seed germination, cause injury to root growth and other meristems, and inhibit seedling growth. Mucuna pruriens is an example of a successful cover crop with several highly active secondary chemical agents that are produced by its seeds, leaves and roots. The main phytotoxic compound encountered is the non-protein amino acid L-DOPA, which is used in treating the symptoms of Parkinson disease. In plants, L-DOPA is a precursor of many alkaloids, catecholamines, and melanin and is released from Mucuna into soils, inhibiting the growth of nearby plant species. This mini-review summarizes knowledge regarding L-DOPA in plants, providing a brief overview about its metabolic actions.
- Published
- 2014
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35. Enhanced lignin monomer production caused by cinnamic Acid and its hydroxylated derivatives inhibits soybean root growth.
- Author
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Lima RB, Salvador VH, dos Santos WD, Bubna GA, Finger-Teixeira A, Soares AR, Marchiosi R, Ferrarese Mde L, and Ferrarese-Filho O
- Subjects
- Plant Roots cytology, Glycine max cytology, Cell Wall metabolism, Cinnamates metabolism, Cinnamates pharmacology, Lignin biosynthesis, Plant Roots growth & development, Glycine max growth & development
- Abstract
Cinnamic acid and its hydroxylated derivatives (p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids) are known allelochemicals that affect the seed germination and root growth of many plant species. Recent studies have indicated that the reduction of root growth by these allelochemicals is associated with premature cell wall lignification. We hypothesized that an influx of these compounds into the phenylpropanoid pathway increases the lignin monomer content and reduces the root growth. To confirm this hypothesis, we evaluated the effects of cinnamic, p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids on soybean root growth, lignin and the composition of p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) monomers. To this end, three-day-old seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solution with or without allelochemical (or selective enzymatic inhibitors of the phenylpropanoid pathway) in a growth chamber for 24 h. In general, the results showed that 1) cinnamic, p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids reduced root growth and increased lignin content; 2) cinnamic and p-coumaric acids increased p-hydroxyphenyl (H) monomer content, whereas p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids increased guaiacyl (G) content, and sinapic acid increased sinapyl (S) content; 3) when applied in conjunction with piperonylic acid (PIP, an inhibitor of the cinnamate 4-hydroxylase, C4H), cinnamic acid reduced H, G and S contents; and 4) when applied in conjunction with 3,4-(methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid (MDCA, an inhibitor of the 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, 4CL), p-coumaric acid reduced H, G and S contents, whereas caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids reduced G and S contents. These results confirm our hypothesis that exogenously applied allelochemicals are channeled into the phenylpropanoid pathway causing excessive production of lignin and its main monomers. By consequence, an enhanced stiffening of the cell wall restricts soybean root growth.
- Published
- 2013
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36. Cinnamic acid increases lignin production and inhibits soybean root growth.
- Author
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Salvador VH, Lima RB, dos Santos WD, Soares AR, Böhm PA, Marchiosi R, Ferrarese Mde L, and Ferrarese-Filho O
- Subjects
- Benzoates pharmacology, Biomass, Lignin chemistry, Peroxidases metabolism, Plant Roots anatomy & histology, Plant Roots enzymology, Seedlings drug effects, Seedlings metabolism, Glycine max drug effects, Trans-Cinnamate 4-Monooxygenase metabolism, Cinnamates pharmacology, Lignin biosynthesis, Plant Roots growth & development, Plant Roots metabolism, Glycine max growth & development, Glycine max metabolism
- Abstract
Cinnamic acid is a known allelochemical that affects seed germination and plant root growth and therefore influences several metabolic processes. In the present work, we evaluated its effects on growth, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) oxidase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H) activities and lignin monomer composition in soybean (Glycine max) roots. The results revealed that exogenously applied cinnamic acid inhibited root growth and increased IAA oxidase and C4H activities. The allelochemical increased the total lignin content, thus altering the sum and ratios of the p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) lignin monomers. When applied alone or with cinnamic acid, piperonylic acid (PIP, a quasi-irreversible inhibitor of C4H) reduced C4H activity, lignin and the H, G, S monomer content compared to the cinnamic acid treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that exogenously applied cinnamic acid can be channeled into the phenylpropanoid pathway via the C4H reaction, resulting in an increase in H lignin. In conjunction with enhanced IAA oxidase activity, these metabolic responses lead to the stiffening of the cell wall and are followed by a reduction in soybean root growth.
- Published
- 2013
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37. The allelochemical L-DOPA increases melanin production and reduces reactive oxygen species in soybean roots.
- Author
-
Soares AR, de Lourdes Lucio Ferrarese M, de Cássia Siqueira-Soares R, Marchiosi R, Finger-Teixeira A, and Ferrarese-Filho O
- Subjects
- Catalase metabolism, Catechol Oxidase metabolism, Hydrogen Peroxide metabolism, Lipid Peroxidation, Peroxidase metabolism, Superoxide Dismutase metabolism, Levodopa metabolism, Melanins metabolism, Plant Roots metabolism, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Glycine max enzymology, Glycine max metabolism
- Abstract
The non-protein amino acid, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), is the main allelochemical released from the roots of velvetbean and affects seed germination and root growth of several plant species. In the work presented here, we evaluated, in soybean roots, the effects of L-DOPA on the following: polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities; superoxide anion (O·-2), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and melanin contents; and lipid peroxidation. To this end, 3-day-old seedlings were cultivated in half-strength Hoagland's solution (pH 6.0), with or without 0.1 to 1.0 mM L-DOPA in a growth chamber (at 25°C, with a light/dark photoperiod of 12/12 hr and a photon flux density of 280 μmol m(-2) s(-1)) for 24 hr. The results showed that L-DOPA increased the PPO activity and, further, the melanin content. The activities of SOD and POD increased, but CAT activity decreased after the chemical exposure. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O·-2 and H(2)O(2), and the levels of lipid peroxidation significantly decreased under all concentrations of L-DOPA tested. These results suggest that L-DOPA was absorbed by the soybean roots and metabolized to melanin. It was concluded that the reduction in the O·-2 and H(2)O(2) contents and lipid peroxidation in soybean roots was due to the enhanced SOD and POD activities and thus a possible antioxidant role of L-DOPA.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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