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To study the transcription factors of the spermatogenesis-related promoter mir-122-5p.SP1 and GATA4 were predicted as the possible transcription factors of the mir-122-5p promoter by bioinformatics analysis, followed by construction of the double luciferase pGL3-mir-122-5p promoter vector, pcDNA3.1 (+) -SP1 expression vector and pcDNA3.1 (+) -GATA4 expression vector, respectively. The pcDNA-SP1+pGL3-basic mixture plasmid and pcDNA-SP1+ pGL3-miR-122-5p promoter mixture plasmid, pcDNA-GATA4+pGL3-basic mixture plasmid and pcDNA-GATA4+pGL3-miR-122-5p promoter mixture plasmid were transferred into 293T cells. The enzyme activity was detected the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System.The fluorescence value of the pcDNA3.1+pGL3-miR-122 promoter was 0.0362 ± 0.0004, significantly higher than that of the pcDNA3.1+pGL3-basic group (P0.05), indicating the successful construction of the mouse miR-122-5p promoter luciferase reporter plasmid. The fluorescence value was markedly higher in the pcDNA -SP1 + pGL3-miR-122-5p promoter than in the pcDNA -SP1+pGL3-basic group, suggesting that the transcription factor SP1 could promote the transcription of miR-122. There was no statistically significant difference in the fluorescence value between the pcDNA -gata4+pGL3-basic transfection and pcDNA -GATA4+pGL3-miR-122-5p promoter transfection groups, indicative of the inability of GATA4 to promote the transcription of miR-122-5p.The transcription factor SP1, rather than GATA4, can promote the transcription of miR-122-5p.

To investigate the role of occludin in tight junction (TJ) in vitro.We constructed RNA interfering lentiviral vectors and transfected them into TM4 cells. Then we detected their inhibitory effect on occuldin by RT-PCR and Western blot and analyzed the role of occuldin in TJ using an in vitro TJ cell model.The pLenti 6.3-EGFP-occludin-miR expression vector was successfully constructed. The results of RT-PCR and Western blot showed that pLenti 6.3-EGFP-occludin-miR-3 significantly inhibited the expression of occludin (P0.05), which was remarkably lower than in the blank control and the pLenti 6.3- EGFP transfection group (0.7534 ± 0.089 vs 1.000 and 1.056 ± 0.025, P0.05). The expression of occludin was markedly suppressed and the tightness of tight junctions decreased in the TM4 cells transfected with pLenti 6.3-EGFP-occludin-miR-3.The pLenti 6.3-EGFP-occludin-miR expression vector was successfully constructed, and occludin is one of the functional proteins that maintain tight junctions.

This study was designed to explore the different expression of L-PGDS (lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase) in rat epididymidis and to gain further insight into the potential function of L-PGDS in male reproduction. The expression of L-PGDS in rat epididymidis was assessed using real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. The distribution of L-PGDS in rat epididymidis was explored by immunohistochemical methods. The result of immunohistochemistry displayed that L-PGDS was mainly distributed in epididymidis and localized within the cytoplasm and the cilia of the epithelial cells. Real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting showed that L-PGDS was strikingly expressed in the caput epididymidis, while a moderate to weak expression was observed in the corpus and cauda epididymidis, the level of mRNA was 0.52 ± 0.02 in the caput, 0.48 ± 0.03 in the corpus and 0.32 ± 0.01 in the cauda epididymidis, the level of protein expression in caput, corpus and the cauda groups was 1, 0.89 ± 0.03 and 0.62 ± 0.01, which suggested that L-PGDS may play certain kind of role during the process of the spermatozoa maturation.

An active form of single-chain antibody (ScFv) from murine monoclonal antibody 4A7, which is specific for lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), was produced in Escherichia coli. The complementary DNA fragments encoding the variable regions of heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL), which amplified from hybridoma 4A7 producing a monoclonal antibody (IgG1) against L-PGDS, were connected by a (Gly4Ser)3 linker using an assembly polymerase chain reaction. The resultant ScFv were cloned into the vector pGEM and expressed in E. coli as inclusion bodies. The expressed ScFv fusion proteins were purified by Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid chromatography. The purity and activity of purified ScFv were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and ELISA. The result revealed that 4A7 ScFv conserved the same characteristics of specific recognition and binding to sperm as the parental 4A7 monoclonal antibody.

Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) is localized in Leydig cells, sperm, and epithelial cells of the epididymis. The present study was to determine the correlation between content of this enzyme in seminal plasma and on the surface of sperm. We analyzed 90 semen samples. L-PGDS in seminal plasma was analyzed by an ELISA procedure. L-PGDS on sperm was analyzed by flow cytometry. The semen donors were categorized in three groups: normal, oligospermic, and azoospermic. According to results obtained, L-PGDS may have the ability to improve progressive motility of sperm, and L-PGDS in seminal plasma and on sperm surface may impact male fertility in the female reproductive tract.