Descriptor: "MESH: Mycoses" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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32 results on '"MESH: Mycoses"'

1. Update on the diagnosis of parasitic and fungal infections

Author: Fréalle, Emilie, Valot, Stéphane, Piarroux, Renaud, Menotti, Jean, Lachaud, Laurence, Persat, Florence, Izri, Arezki, Villard, Odile, Yera, Hélène, Dannaoui, Eric, Morio, Florent, Houzé, Sandrine, CHU Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epidémiologie, Systèmes d'Information, Modélisation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Montpellier), Pôle Biologie-Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Service de Parasitologie [Avicenne], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale [Strasbourg], Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Salvy-Córdoba, Nathalie
Subjects: MESH: Humans, Mass spectrometry, Molecular biology, MESH: Clinical Laboratory Services, MESH: Parasitology, MESH: Mycology, Parasitic diseases, MESH: Parasitic Diseases, Fungal infections, Serology, MESH: Mycoses, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Laboratories, Hospital, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
Abstract: The diagnosis of parasitic and fungal infections, historically based on the detection of these pathogens using direct diagnosis (macro/microscopic examination, culture) or serological methods, has considerably evolved in the last decades, especially with the development of molecular approaches and mass spectrometry. These techniques, as well as most analyses of parasitic and fungal serology, are mostly the preserve of Hospital University Centers Parasitology-Mycology laboratories. In 2016, the French association of medical parasitology and mycology teachers and hospital practitioners (Anofel) has provided a Catalogue of rare analyses, regularly updated and freely accessible on the Anofel website (https://anofel.net/). This tool, which hinges on 4 parts (parasitology, parasitic serology, mycology, and fungal serology), aims to provide information on all available analyses, and a list of hospital laboratories able to undertake them. It is complementary to the other reference works that were developed by our association, including the Guide of analyses and methods in parasitology and mycology, published in 2018, and the eANOFEL pictures and videos database, freely accessible online (http://www.eanofel.fr). In this article, we draw-up a state-of-the-art of the most specialized techniques available in the parasitology-mycology laboratories and presented in the Catalogue of rare analyses of the Anofel collegium, and their interest for the diagnosis of these infections., Le diagnostic des infections parasitaires et fongiques, historiquement basé sur la détection de ces pathogènes par diagnostic direct (examen macro/microscopique, culture) ou sérologique, a connu durant les dernières décennies des évolutions importantes, avec notamment le développement d’approches moléculaires et de la spectrométrie de masse. Ces techniques, de même que la plupart des analyses en sérologie parasitaire et fongique, restent le plus souvent l’apanage des laboratoires de centres hospitaliers universitaires spécialisés en parasitologie-mycologie. En 2016, l’Association française des enseignants et praticiens hospitaliers titulaires de parasitologie et mycologie médicales (Anofel) a mis à disposition un Catalogue des analyses rares en accès libre sur le site d’Anofel (https://anofel.net/), et régulièrement mis à jour. Cet outil, qui s’articule en 4 volets (parasitologie, sérologie parasitaire, mycologie et sérologie fongique) a pour objectif de faciliter l’accès aux informations sur les analyses disponibles et les laboratoires hospitaliers capables de les prendre en charge. Il complète les autres ouvrages de référence élaborés par la collégiale Anofel, dont le Guide des analyses et méthodes en parasitologie et mycologie, publié en 2018, et la base de données d’images et de vidéos, en accès libre sur internet (http://www.eanofel.fr). L’objectif de cet article est de dresser un état des lieux des techniques plus spécialisées disponibles dans les laboratoires de parasitologie-mycologie, présentées dans le Catalogue des analyses rares de la collégiale Anofel, et leur intérêt pour le diagnostic de ces infections.
Published: 2020

2. Actualités du diagnostic des infections parasitaires et fongiques

Author: Florent Morio, Arezki Izri, Emilie Fréalle, Renaud Piarroux, Laurence Lachaud, Odile Villard, Stéphane Valot, Eric Dannaoui, Hélène Yera, Jean Menotti, Florence Persat, Sandrine Houzé, CHU Lille, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epidémiologie, Systèmes d'Information, Modélisation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut des Agents Infectieux [Lyon] (IAI), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Montpellier), Pôle Biologie-Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Service de Parasitologie [Avicenne], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale [Strasbourg], Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 261), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Molecular biology, MESH: Parasitology, MESH: Mycology, Mycology, MESH: Parasitic Diseases, Serology, Fungal infections, MESH: Mycoses, MESH: Laboratories, Hospital, medicine, Humans, Medical physics, Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, MESH: Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures, MESH: Humans, Mass spectrometry, business.industry, MESH: Clinical Laboratory Services, General Medicine, Clinical Laboratory Services, Laboratories, Hospital, Parasitic diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Mycoses, Parasitology, business
Abstract: International audience; The diagnosis of parasitic and fungal infections, historically based on the detection of these pathogens using direct diagnosis (macro/microscopic examination, culture) or serological methods, has considerably evolved in the last decades, especially with the development of molecular approaches and mass spectrometry. These techniques, as well as most analyses of parasitic and fungal serology, are mostly the preserve of Hospital University Centers Parasitology-Mycology laboratories. In 2016, the French association of medical parasitology and mycology teachers and hospital practitioners (Anofel) has provided a Catalogue of rare analyses, regularly updated and freely accessible on the Anofel website (https://anofel.net/). This tool, which hinges on 4 parts (parasitology, parasitic serology, mycology, and fungal serology), aims to provide information on all available analyses, and a list of hospital laboratories able to undertake them. It is complementary to the other reference works that were developed by our association, including the Guide of analyses and methods in parasitology and mycology, published in 2018, and the eANOFEL pictures and videos database, freely accessible online (http://www.eanofel.fr). In this article, we draw-up a state-of-the-art of the most specialized techniques available in the parasitology-mycology laboratories and presented in the Catalogue of rare analyses of the Anofel collegium, and their interest for the diagnosis of these infections.; Le diagnostic des infections parasitaires et fongiques, historiquement basé sur la détection de ces pathogènes par diagnostic direct (examen macro/microscopique, culture) ou sérologique, a connu durant les dernières décennies des évolutions importantes, avec notamment le développement d’approches moléculaires et de la spectrométrie de masse. Ces techniques, de même que la plupart des analyses en sérologie parasitaire et fongique, restent le plus souvent l’apanage des laboratoires de centres hospitaliers universitaires spécialisés en parasitologie-mycologie. En 2016, l’Association française des enseignants et praticiens hospitaliers titulaires de parasitologie et mycologie médicales (Anofel) a mis à disposition un Catalogue des analyses rares en accès libre sur le site d’Anofel (https://anofel.net/), et régulièrement mis à jour. Cet outil, qui s’articule en 4 volets (parasitologie, sérologie parasitaire, mycologie et sérologie fongique) a pour objectif de faciliter l’accès aux informations sur les analyses disponibles et les laboratoires hospitaliers capables de les prendre en charge. Il complète les autres ouvrages de référence élaborés par la collégiale Anofel, dont le Guide des analyses et méthodes en parasitologie et mycologie, publié en 2018, et la base de données d’images et de vidéos, en accès libre sur internet (http://www.eanofel.fr). L’objectif de cet article est de dresser un état des lieux des techniques plus spécialisées disponibles dans les laboratoires de parasitologie-mycologie, présentées dans le Catalogue des analyses rares de la collégiale Anofel, et leur intérêt pour le diagnostic de ces infections.
Published: 2020

3. Short-term evolution strategies for host adaptation and drug escape in human fungal pathogens

Author: Chapman N. Beekman, Iuliana V. Ene, Brown University, and This work was supported by an NIH/NIAID R21AI139592 and an NIH/NIGMS IDeA award P20GM109035 to IVE.
Subjects: Antifungal Agents, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Yeast and Fungal Models, Drug resistance, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Pearls, Medicine and Health Sciences, Biology (General), Candida albicans, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, media_common, Candida, Genetics, Fungal Pathogens, 0303 health sciences, biology, Antimicrobials, Fungal genetics, Microevolution, Eukaryota, Drugs, Genomics, Adaptation, Physiological, 3. Good health, Experimental Organism Systems, Medical Microbiology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Host adaptation, Pathogens, Drug, MESH: Fungi, Evolutionary Processes, QH301-705.5, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, Mycology, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, MESH: Drug Resistance, Fungal, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Virology, Microbial Control, Humans, Candida Albicans, Point Mutation, Fungal Genetics, Molecular Biology, Microbial Pathogens, Fungal Genomics, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, Antifungals, Evolutionary Biology, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Fungi, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, RC581-607, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Antifungal Agents, MESH: Adaptation, Physiological, Yeast, Mycoses, Mutation, Animal Studies, Parasitology, Fungal genome, Antimicrobial Resistance, Adaptation, Immunologic diseases. Allergy
Abstract: International audience; Research on human fungal pathogens has historically taken a backseat to other infectious diseases, perhaps due to a common misperception that fungi largely cause superficial infections [1]. In reality, fungi can be life-threatening to those who become immunocompromised during medical procedures or through conditions such as HIV and diabetes. Invasive fungal infections are estimated to kill over 1 million people every year, with mortality rates reaching 50% [2]. Significant challenges to the treatment of fungal infections include the limited availability of antifungals and the innate ability of fungi to rapidly evolve and adapt to fluctuating conditions. This adaptive ability is partially driven by extensive genomic plasticity, with many species acquiring diverse ploidy states, chromosomal rearrangements, and point mutations during host colonization [3-8]. Genetic plasticity enables rapid increases in virulence and antifungal drug resistance, which often translate to poor disease outcomes. Short-term evolution (microevolution) strategies in fungal pathogens are therefore essential for environmental adaptation in the mammalian host, and their study can inform adaptive mechanisms in other eukaryotes.
Published: 2020

4. Fungal mediated innate immune memory, what have we learned?

Author: Jessica Quintin, Immunologie des Infections fongiques - immunology of fungal infections, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Carnot Pasteur Maladie Infectieuse ANR-11-CARN-017-01, This work was supported by the ANR JCJC grant [ANR-16-CE15-0014-01] and the Institut Carnot Pasteur MI grant [ANR 11-CARN 017-01] (to J.Q.)., ANR-16-CE15-0014,IIMory,Mémoire immunologique innée des défenses de l'hôte(2016), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, animal diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, β-glucan, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Disease, Fungal Components, Immunological memory, MESH: Monocytes, Monocytes, 03 medical and health sciences, Innate immune memory, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Mycoses, Immunity, Candida albicans, Humans, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Immune status, Innate immune system, MESH: Humans, biology, Macrophages, MESH: Candida albicans, Fungi, MESH: Macrophages, Cell Biology, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, Immunity, Innate, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Mycoses, Immunology, MESH: Immunologic Memory, bacteria, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Immunity, Innate, Immunologic Memory, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract: International audience; The binary classification of mammalian immune memory is now obsolete. Innate immune cells carry memory characteristics. The overall capacity of innate immune cells to remember and alter their responses is referred as innate immune memory and the induction of a non-specific memory resulting in an enhanced immune status is termed "trained immunity". Historically, trained immunity was first described as triggered by the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Since, numerous studies have accumulated and deciphered the main characteristics of trained immunity mediated by fungi and fungal components. This review aims at presenting the newly described aspect of memory in innate immunity with an emphasis on the historically fungal mediated one, covering the known molecular mechanisms associated with training. In addition, the review uncovers the numerous non-specific effect that β-glucans trigger in the context of infectious diseases and septicaemia, inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Published: 2019

5. Diversity of coelomycetous fungi in human infections: A 10-y experience of two European reference centres

Author: Garcia-Hermoso, Dea, Valenzuela-Lopez, Nicomedes, Rivero-Menendez, Olga, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, Guarro, Josep, Cano-Lira, José, Stchigel, Alberto, French Mycoses Study Group, The, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire (CNRMA), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Universidad de Antofagasta, Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, grant CGL2017-88094-P.Olga Rivero-Menendez holds a fellowship from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (grant FI14CIII/00025). Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo is supported by a research project from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS) (project PI16CIII/00035)., We thank Cécile Gautier (National Reference Center for invasive Mycoses and Antifungals [NRCMA]) for technical assistance., Members of the French Mycoses Study Group who contributed their clinical isolates to this study are as follows: Annecy (S. Bland), Bichat (C. Chochillon), Boulogne-Billancourt (N.Ait-Ammar), Caen (C. Duhamel), Clermont Ferrand (P.Poirier), Cochin (A. Paugam), Corbeil-Essones (D. Kubab), Guadeloupe (M. Nicolas), La Réunion (S. Picot), Lyon (A.L. Bienvenu), Martinique (N. Desbois), Nantes (F. Morio), Necker (M.E. Bougnoux), Nouvelle Calédonie (R. Goursaud), Pitié (A. Fekkar), Poitiers (C. Kauffmann), Quinze-Vingts (L. Merabet), Rouen (L. Favennec), Saint Etienne (H. Raberin), Saint-Louis (A. Alanio), Toulouse (S. Cassaing)., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Antifungal Agents, Phoma, Coelomycetes, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, RNA, Ribosomal, 28S, Cluster Analysis, Pleosporales, DNA, Fungal, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Diaporthales, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Microbial Sensitivity Tests, MESH: DNA, Ribosomal, biology, Medicopsis, Antifungal testing, 3. Good health, MESH: RNA, Ribosomal, 28S, Infectious Diseases, France, MESH: Fungi, Context (language use), Microbial Sensitivity Tests, DNA, Ribosomal, Microbiology, Mycosis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, Genetics, Colletotrichum, MESH: Spain, Humans, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Fungi, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Antifungal Agents, MESH: Cluster Analysis, MESH: DNA, Fungal, MESH: France, Mycoses, chemistry, Spain, Didymellaceae, Caspofungin, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The coelomycetous fungi are difficult to properly identify from their phenotypic characterization and their role as etiologic agents of human infections is not clear. We studied the species distribution of these fungi among clinical isolates that had been collected and stored over a ten-year period in two European reference laboratories (France and Spain). We identified phenotypically and molecularly 97 isolates by sequencing the D1-D2 fragment of the 28S nrRNA (LSU) gene and we provided the in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern of seven antifungals against 46 isolates. Species of the orders Pleosporales and Glomerellales were present in both collections, and Botryosphaeriales and Diaporthales only in the French one. The most prevalent species were Medicopsis romeroi, Neocucurbitaria keratinophila, Neocucurbitaria unguis-hominis and Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides, which had been recovered primarily from superficial tissues. The Didymellaceae was the most common family represented, with 27 isolates distributed into five genera. Most of the isolates tested were susceptible to antifungals, and only the geometric mean (GM) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of itraconazole and caspofungin had higher values. This study provides a good picture of the great diversity of coelomycetous fungi in the European clinical context, and the basis for future studies on this interesting but neglected group of fungi.
Published: 2019

6. Miltefosine-based regimen as salvage therapy in Lomentospora prolificans bone and joint infection

Author: Olivier Lortholary, Séverine Ansart, T. Williams, S. Jaffuel, D. Garcia Hermoso, Eric Stindel, E. Moalic, L. Quaesaet, Fanny Lanternier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Imagine, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Antifungal Agents, Bone and joint infection, Phosphorylcholine, 030106 microbiology, Salvage therapy, LOMENTOSPORA PROLIFICANS, Lomentospora prolificans, MESH: Osteomyelitis, Infection ostéoarticulaire, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Mycoses, medicine, Humans, MESH: Scedosporium, Scedosporium, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged, Salvage Therapy, Miltéfosine, MESH: Aged, Arthritis, Infectious, Miltefosine, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Osteomyelitis, MESH: Antifungal Agents, MESH: Male, 3. Good health, Surgery, MESH: Salvage Therapy, Regimen, Infectious Diseases, Mycoses, MESH: Phosphorylcholine, MESH: Arthritis, Infectious, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; 1. IntroductionWe report the second case of miltefosine, terbinafine, and voriconazole-based regimen as salvage therapy in a Lomentospora prolificans bone and joint infection. A favorable outcome was observed when combined with aggressive surgery. A poor prior evolution was observed following three surgical procedures of debridement combined with terbinafine and voriconazole. This report of a safe and successful use of miltefosine highlights the need for an interdisciplinary expertise for appropriate surgical and medical treatment.
Published: 2018

7. Phylogenetics of a Fungal Invasion: Origins and Widespread Dispersal of White-Nose Syndrome

Author: David S. Blehert, Katy L. Parise, Jonathan M. Palmer, Sébastien J. Puechmaille, Ariunbold Jargalsaikhan, Keping Sun, Munkhnast Dalannast, Talima Pearson, Kevin P. Drees, Gudrun Wibbelt, Paul Keim, Joseph R. Hoyt, Jeffrey T. Foster, A. Marm Kilpatrick, Jeffrey M. Lorch, Daniel L. Lindner, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], University of New Hampshire (UNH), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Changchun Normal University, and The Mongolian National University of Education
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pseudogymnoascus destructans, microsatellite, wildlife, Population, Genomics, MESH: Ascomycota, Biology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, epizootic, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, Phylogenetics, Chiroptera, Virology, Genetic variation, medicine, MESH: Animals, MESH: Communicable Diseases, Emerging, MESH: Genetic Variation, MESH: Phylogeny, education, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Epizootic, Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], MESH: Asia, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, MESH: Chiroptera, MESH: Nose, emerging infectious disease, MESH: Population Dynamics, medicine.disease, QR1-502, MESH: North America, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic distance, whole-genome sequencing, Evolutionary biology, Biological dispersal, MESH: Europe, MESH: Microsatellite Repeats, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, MESH: Whole Genome Sequencing, infectious, disease, whole-genome, destructans, Pseudogymnoascus, emerging, sequencing
Abstract: Globalization has facilitated the worldwide movement and introduction of pathogens, but epizoological reconstructions of these invasions are often hindered by limited sampling and insufficient genetic resolution among isolates. Pseudogymnoascus destructans , a fungal pathogen causing the epizootic of white-nose syndrome in North American bats, has exhibited few genetic polymorphisms in previous studies, presenting challenges for both epizoological tracking of the spread of this fungus and for determining its evolutionary history. We used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from whole-genome sequencing and microsatellites to construct high-resolution phylogenies of P. destructans . Shallow genetic diversity and the lack of geographic structuring among North American isolates support a recent introduction followed by expansion via clonal reproduction across the epizootic zone. Moreover, the genetic relationships of isolates within North America suggest widespread mixing and long-distance movement of the fungus. Genetic diversity among isolates of P. destructans from Europe was substantially higher than in those from North America. However, genetic distance between the North American isolates and any given European isolate was similar to the distance between the individual European isolates. In contrast, the isolates we examined from Asia were highly divergent from both European and North American isolates. Although the definitive source for introduction of the North American population has not been conclusively identified, our data support the origin of the North American invasion by P. destructans from Europe rather than Asia. IMPORTANCE This phylogenetic study of the bat white-nose syndrome agent, P. destructans , uses genomics to elucidate evolutionary relationships among populations of the fungal pathogen to understand the epizoology of this biological invasion. We analyze hypervariable and abundant genetic characters (microsatellites and genomic SNPs, respectively) to reveal previously uncharacterized diversity among populations of the pathogen from North America and Eurasia. We present new evidence supporting recent introduction of the fungus to North America from a diverse Eurasian population, with limited increase in genetic variation in North America since that introduction.
Published: 2017

8. Absence of Fungal Spore Internalization by Bronchial Epithelium in Mouse Models Evidenced by a New Bioimaging Approach and Transmission Electronic Microscopy

Author: Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Fabrice de Chaumont, Charlotte Renaudat, Stéphane Bretagne, Grégory Jouvion, Fabrice Chrétien, Blandine Rammaert, Claire Szczepaniak, Françoise Dromer, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Histopathologie humaine et Modèles animaux, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Analyse d'Images biologiques, Centre Imagerie Cellulaire Santé (CICS), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne [Paris], Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Supported by the Prix de la Chancellerie des Universités de Paris, LegsPoix and the Institut Pasteur (Program de Recherche transversal, PTR 409).B.R. is recipient of Institut Pasteur, Ecole Polytechnique, Arts et MetiersParisTech, École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles de laville de Paris (ESPCI Paris Tech), Université de technologie de Compiégne(UTC), Commissariat á l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives(CEA), CNRS, Labex BioPsy, and AP-HP fellowships., We thank Huot Khun for technical assistance with histology, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
Subjects: MESH: Sordariales, Male, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Pathology, Cell Membrane Permeability, Lichtheimia corymbifera, MESH: Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Aspergillosis, Epithelium, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mice, MESH: Animals, MESH: Cell Membrane Permeability, MESH: Phagocytosis, Internalization, Lung, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH: Treatment Outcome, media_common, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Spores, Fungal, respiratory system, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Young Adult, MESH: Epithelial Cells, MESH: Survival Analysis, MESH: Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Phagocytosis, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, MESH: Mycoses, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, MESH: Spores, Fungal, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Lung, MESH: Aspergillosis, MESH: Mice, MESH: Humans, fungi, Epithelial Cells, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, respiratory tract diseases, Spore, MESH: Epithelium, Disease Models, Animal, MESH: Disease Models, Animal
Abstract: International audience; Clinical data and experimental studies suggest that bronchial epithelium could serve as a portal of entry for invasive fungal infections. We therefore analyzed the interactions between molds and the bronchial/bronchiolar epithelium at the early steps after inhalation. We developed invasive aspergillosis (Aspergillus fumigatus) and mucormycosis (Lichtheimia corymbifera) murine models that mimic the main clinical risk factors for these infections. Histopathology studies were completed with a specific computer-assisted morphometric method to quantify bronchial and alveolar spores and with transmission electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis revealed a higher number of bronchial/bronchiolar spores for A. fumigatus than L. corymbifera. The bronchial/bronchiolar spores decreased between 1 and 18 hours after inoculation for both fungi, except in corticosteroid-treated mice infected with A. fumigatus, suggesting an effect of cortisone on bronchial spore clearance. No increase in the number of spores of any species was observed over time at the basal pole of the epithelium, suggesting the lack of transepithelial crossing. Transmission electron microscopy did not show spore internalization by bronchial epithelial cells. Instead, spores were phagocytized by mononuclear cells on the apical pole of epithelial cells. Early epithelial internalization of fungal spores in vivo cannot explain the bronchial/bronchiolar epithelium invasion observed in some invasive mold infections. The bioimaging approach provides a useful means to accurately enumerate and localize the fungal spores in the pulmonary tissues.
Published: 2015

9. Investigating Clinical Issues by Genotyping of Medically Important Fungi: Why and How?

Author: Stéphane Bretagne, Alexandre Alanio, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Marie Desnos-Ollivier, Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), MESH: Fungi, Genotype, Epidemiology, short tandem repeat, 030106 microbiology, yeasts, multilocus sequence typing, Review, endemic mycoses, Biology, MESH: Epidemiologic Methods, MESH: Genotype, 03 medical and health sciences, molds, MESH: Mycoses, microsatellite length polymorphism, Humans, Coding region, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Scedosporium spp, Typing, Genotyping, Candida spp, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Genetics, Cross Infection, MESH: Humans, General Immunology and Microbiology, Fungi, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Reproducibility of Results, Outbreak, MESH: Cross Infection, Fusarium spp, biology.organism_classification, Housekeeping gene, Aspergillus spp, MESH: Reproducibility of Results, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Multilocus Sequence Typing, Mycoses, genotyping, Cryptococcus neoformans, Multilocus sequence typing, Microsatellite, Epidemiologic Methods
Abstract: SUMMARY Genotyping studies of medically important fungi have addressed elucidation of outbreaks, nosocomial transmissions, infection routes, and genotype-phenotype correlations, of which secondary resistance has been most intensively investigated. Two methods have emerged because of their high discriminatory power and reproducibility: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) using short tandem repeat (STR) markers. MLST relies on single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the coding regions of housekeeping genes. STR polymorphisms are based on the number of repeats of short DNA fragments, mostly outside coding regions, and thus are expected to be more polymorphic and more rapidly evolving than MLST markers. There is no consensus on a universal typing system. Either one or both of these approaches are now available for Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Scedosporium spp., Cryptococcus neoformans , Pneumocystis jirovecii , and endemic mycoses. The choice of the method and the number of loci to be tested depend on the clinical question being addressed. Next-generation sequencing is becoming the most appropriate method for fungi with no MLP or MLST typing available. Whatever the molecular tool used, collection of clinical data (e.g., time of hospitalization and sharing of similar rooms) is mandatory for investigating outbreaks and nosocomial transmission.
Published: 2017

10. Inhibitory effect of chromogenic culture media on the growth ofRhodotorula: relevance to the diagnosis ofRhodotorulaspp. infections

Author: Florence Skana, Frédéric Grenouillet, Laurence Millon, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Nadine François, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Physiopathologie des Candidoses, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Parasitologie-Mycologie CHU Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Biology, Rhodotorula, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, MESH : Rhodotorula, Amphotericin B, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Inhibitory effect, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Fungemia, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Mycoses, MESH: Chromogenic Compounds, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, Chromogenic, MESH : Humans, General Medicine, MESH: Rhodotorula, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, Culture Media, MESH : Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, MESH: Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Chromogenic Compounds, Mycoses, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, MESH: Culture Media, MESH : Chromogenic Compounds, MESH : Culture Media, Subculture (biology), Fluconazole, medicine.drug
Abstract: International audience; With the increasing incidence and diverse etiologies of fungal infections, chromogenic yeast culture media are increasingly used for routine diagnosis. Rhodotorula species, which are characterized by the production of carotenoid pigments, are considered as emerging opportunistic pathogens. We recently diagnosed two fungemia due to Rhodotorula spp. and noticed that in both cases, the yeast failed to grow in subculture on the chromogenic yeast culture medium. This study was thus undertaken to investigate more thoroughly the ability (or inability) of Rhodotorula species to grow on different commercially available chromogenic media for yeast. Eighteen Rhodotorula spp. were checked for their ability to grow on four chromogenic yeast culture media: CHROMagar Candida (BD), Candi 4 Select (Biorad), Brilliance Candida (Oxoid), and Candida ID 2 (BioMerieux). All the Rhodotorula spp. strains grew on Brilliance and Candida ID 2, while only six isolates grew on Candi 4, and seven on CHROMagar. Two chromogenic yeast culture media showed a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of Rhodotorula species. As all Rhodotorula species are resistant to echinocandins and fluconazole, it is essential to isolate and identify these yeast quickly to initiate appropriate amphotericin B antifungal treatment as early as possible. The choice of media for routine use should take into account the ability of different media to allow all emerging fungal pathogens to grow.
Published: 2013

11. Mycobacterial disease in patients with chronic granulomatous disease: A retrospective analysis of 71 cases

Author: Capucine Picard, Anastasia Bondarenko, Marjorie Hubeau, Lorena Regairaz, Caroline Deswarte, Imen Ben-Mustapha, Antoine Guérin, Joseph Hertecant, Guillaume Vogt, Rose-Marie Herbigneaux, Fatima Ailal, Davood Mansouri, Guzide Aksu, Antonio Condino-Neto, Laurent Abel, Carolina Prando, Ambre Czarna, Lizbeth Blancas Galicia, Saul Oswaldo Lugo-Reyes, Isil Barlan, Mussaret B. Zaidi, Liliana Bezrodnik, Daniela Di Giovanni, Laura Perez, Laila Ait Baba, Sigifredo Pedraza-Sánchez, Miguel Galicchio, Gehad ElGhazali, Aminata Diabate, Sara Espinosa, Matías Oleastro, Francesca Conti, Necil Kutukculer, Edgar Oliveira, Héctor Eduardo Guidos Morales, Edith Gonzalez Serrano, Fatma Nur Öz, Ahmed Aziz Bousfiha, Jalel Chemli, Özden Anal, Peter Ciznar, Nizar Mahlaoui, Francisco J. Espinosa-Rosales, Silvia Danielian, Gloria G. Guerrero, Saleh Al-Muhsen, Marco Antonio Yamazaki Nakashimada, Nadia Kechout, Ridha Barbouche, Maria Claudia Ortega, Susana Soto Lavin, Liudmyla Chernyshova, Ghassan Dbaibo, Melike Emiroglu, Stéphane Blanche, Jacinta Bustamante, Mélanie Migaud, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Maylis de Suremain, Barik Konte, Neslihan Edeer Karaca, Jianxin He, Stéphanie Ndaga, Nestor Proenza Pérez, Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis, Eman Al-Idrissi, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology [Rome], Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses (Inserm U980), Immunodeficiencies Research Unit [Mexico city], National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico, Beijing Childrens Hospital, Department of Pediatrics [Izmir], Ege University, Institute of Biomedical Sciences - Department of Immunology [Sao Paulo], University of São Paulo (USP), Laboratory of Biology and Health UARC34–Metabolic and Immunologic Pathology Research Team, Faculté des Sciences Ben M'sik [Casablanca], Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC)-Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), Bioinformatics Laboratory [Curitiba], Pelé Pequeno Principe Research Institute, Curitiba, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases [Konya], Necmettin Erbakan University, Meram Medical Faculty, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department [Ankara], Dr Sami Ulus Matern & Childrens Res & Training Ho, Department of Immunology [Mexico City], Natl Inst Pediat, Immunodeficiencies Res Unit, Mexico City, DF, Mexico, Marmara University [Kadıköy - İstanbul], Childrens Hosp Super Sor Maria Ludovica, Allergy and Immunology Unit [San Salvador], Natl Childrens Hosp Benjamin Bloom San Salvador, Immunology Unit [Buenos Aires], Childrens Hosp Ricardo Gutierrez Buenos Aires, Department of Pediatrics [Beirut], American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Clinical Immunology Unit, Casablanca Children's Hospital, Ibn Rochd Hospital King Hassan II University-Aïn Chok, Childrens Hosp Victor J Vilela Rosario, Department of Immunology [Buenos Aires], 'Juan Pedro Garrahan' National Hospital of Pediatrics, Buenos Aires, Department of Pediatrics [Sousse], Sahloul Hospital, Childrens Hosp San Jose Colombia, Concepcion Regional Hospital [Concepción], Department of Pediatrics [Abu Dhabi], Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi = Dokuz Eylül University [Izmir] (DEÜ), Institut Pasteur d'Algérie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Department of Pediatrics [Riyadh], King Fahad Medical City, Department of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology [Kiev], Department of Pediatrics, Comenius University Medical School [Bratislava], University Children's Hospital, Bratislava, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Unit of Biochemistry [Tlalpan], Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán - National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran [Mexico], Microbiology Research Laboratory, Hospital General O'Horan and Infectious Diseases Research Unit [Merida], Hosp Reg Alta Especialidad Peninsula Yucatan, Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences [Tehran] (SBUMS), Shahid Beheshti University, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University [New York], French Reference Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies (CEREDIH), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Department of Pediatrics, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University [Riyadh] (KSU), F.C. was supported by the Department of Public Health and Cellular Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata. A.G. was supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR). The Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases is supported by institutional grants from INSERM, University Paris Descartes, the Rockefeller University, and the St Giles Foundation and grants from the French National Research Agency (ANR) under the 'Investments for the Future' program (grant no. ANR-10-IAHU-01) and grant IFNGPHOX (no. ANR13-ISV3-0001-01). E.B.d.O. and A.C.-N. are supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP grants 2012/11757-2, 2010/51814-0, and 2012/51094-2) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ grant 303809/2010-8). S.P.-S. is supported by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT, grant 182817)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Rome Tor Vergata, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Dokuz Eylul University, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán - National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, rockefeller university, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques ( IMAGINE - U1163 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Génétique Humaine des Maladies Infectieuses ( Inserm U980 ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), University of São Paulo ( USP ), Faculty of Science of Ben M'sik, King Hassan II University–Mohammedia, Casablanca, American University of Beirut [Beyrouth], Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Institut Pasteur d'Algérie-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion ( CHU La Réunion ), Natl Inst Med Sci & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut Pasteur de Tunis-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur ( RIIP ), and King Saud University [Riyadh] ( KSU )
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, MESH : Retrospective Studies, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease, MESH : Child, Preschool, chronic granulomatous disease, Granulomatous Disease, Chronic, 0302 clinical medicine, Chronic granulomatous disease, MESH : Child, MESH: Granulomatous Disease, Chronic, MESH: Child, Immunology and Allergy, Disseminated disease, MESH : Female, BCG, MESH: Tuberculosis, MESH : BCG Vaccine, Child, biology, MESH: Patient Outcome Assessment, MESH : Infant, Bacterial Infections, MESH : Tuberculosis, MESH: Infant, MESH : Patient Outcome Assessment, 3. Good health, Vaccination, MESH : Bacterial Infections, MESH: BCG Vaccine, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Child, Preschool, BCG Vaccine, Female, Tuberculosis, MESH: Bacterial Infections, MESH : Male, Immunology, primary immunodeficiency, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, medicine, Humans, MESH: Mycobacterium Infections, Retrospective Studies, MESH : Mycoses, Mycobacterium Infections, MESH: Humans, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], business.industry, MESH : Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, Mycobacteria, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, Patient Outcome Assessment, 030104 developmental biology, Mycoses, MESH : Mycobacterium Infections, Primary immunodeficiency, MESH : Granulomatous Disease, Chronic, business, BCG vaccine, MESH: Female, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; Background : Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by inborn errors of the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase complex. From the first year of life onward, most affected patients display multiple, severe, and recurrent infections caused by bacteria and fungi. Mycobacterial infections have also been reported in some patients.Objective : Our objective was to assess the effect of mycobacterial disease in patients with CGD.Methods : We analyzed retrospectively the clinical features of mycobacterial disease in 71 patients with CGD. Tuberculosis and BCG disease were diagnosed on the basis of microbiological, pathological, and/or clinical criteria.Results : Thirty-one (44%) patients had tuberculosis, and 53 (75%) presented with adverse effects of BCG vaccination; 13 (18%) had both tuberculosis and BCG infections. None of these patients displayed clinical disease caused by environmental mycobacteria, Mycobacterium leprae, or Mycobacterium ulcerans. Most patients (76%) also had other pyogenic and fungal infections, but 24% presented solely with mycobacterial disease. Most patients presented a single localized episode of mycobacterial disease (37%), but recurrence (18%), disseminated disease (27%), and even death (18%) were also observed. One common feature in these patients was an early age at presentation for BCG disease. Mycobacterial disease was the first clinical manifestation of CGD in 60% of these patients.Conclusion : Mycobacterial disease is relatively common in patients with CGD living in countries in which tuberculosis is endemic, BCG vaccine is mandatory, or both. Adverse reactions to BCG and severe forms of tuberculosis should lead to a suspicion of CGD. BCG vaccine is contraindicated in patients with CGD.
Published: 2016

12. Fatal Invasive Infection with Fungemia Due to Microascus cirrosus after Heart and Lung Transplantation in a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis

Author: Patrice Le Pape, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Charline Miossec, Michel Miegeville, Françoise Gay-Andrieu, Thierry Lepoivre, Alain Haloun, Michele Treilhaud, Florent Morio, François Leclair, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), We are grateful to Francoise Dromer for fruitful discussions on the manuscript. We acknowledge Bernard Besse, Olivier Barre, and Damien Hoinard for technical assistance., and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Histocytochemistry, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Fatal Outcome, Antifungal Agents, Cystic Fibrosis, medicine.medical_treatment, Case Reports, Cystic fibrosis, Echinocandins, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fatal Outcome, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Lipopeptides, Caspofungin, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, 030212 general & internal medicine, DNA, Fungal, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Fungemia, Microscopy, 0303 health sciences, Histocytochemistry, MESH: Heart Transplantation, MESH: Voriconazole, 3. Good health, MESH: Caspofungin, Microascus, Pleura, Radiography, Thoracic, MESH: Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Lung Transplantation, medicine.drug, Adult, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Microscopy, MESH: Cystic Fibrosis, Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Ascomycota, Biology, Immunocompromised Host, Lipopeptides, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, Ascomycota, MESH: Fungemia, medicine, Humans, Lung transplantation, Voriconazole, MESH: Humans, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Echinocandins, MESH: Adult, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Triazoles, MESH: Radiography, Thoracic, MESH: Antifungal Agents, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Dermatology, MESH: Male, Surgery, MESH: DNA, Fungal, Transplantation, Pyrimidines, MESH: Pleura, Mycoses, MESH: Triazoles, chemistry, MESH: Pyrimidines, Scopulariopsis, Heart Transplantation, MESH: Lung Transplantation, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Abstract: Scopulariopsis species are rarely but increasingly recognized as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised patients. We report on a patient suffering from cystic fibrosis who developed disseminated fungal infection due to a rare Scopulariopsis species, Microascus cirrosus , after heart and lung transplantation. Despite antifungal combination therapy with voriconazole and caspofungin, the patient died 4 weeks after transplantation. Diagnostic difficulties and optimal management of disseminated Scopulariopsis / Microascus infections are discussed.
Published: 2011

13. Diagnostic contribution of positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose for invasive fungal infections

Author: Marie-Thérèse Rubio, A. Hot, Marc Lecuit, Sylvain Poirée, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, M. Faraggi, Fanny Lanternier, Olivier Lortholary, Pierre Loulergue, C. Maunoury, Felipe Suarez, H. Coignard, Bertrand Dupont, Nizar Mahlaoui, Jean-Paul Viard, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Médecine nucléaire [CHU HEGP], Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Service de Radiologie et imagerie médicale [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'immuno-hématologie pédiatrique [CHU Necker], Microorganismes et Barrières de l'Hôte (Equipe avenir), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Aspergillosis, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, MESH: Child, Whole Body Imaging, Prospective Studies, Child, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, hepatosplenic candidiasis, General Medicine, Middle Aged, MESH: Positron-Emission Tomography, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Positron emission tomography, MESH: Young Adult, Female, Radiology, MESH: Radiopharmaceuticals, medicine.drug, Adult, Spondylodiscitis, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Eumycetoma, Histoplasmosis, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, MESH: Whole Body Imaging, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, medicine, Humans, Aged, Fluorodeoxyglucose, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Male, Transplantation, [18F]FDG positron emission tomography, Mycoses, Positron-Emission Tomography, Radiopharmaceuticals, Zygomycosis, business, MESH: Female, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Presented in part at the 46th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy; 27–30 September 2006, San Francisco, CA, USA, Abstract M-1307; International audience; Optimal staging and evaluation of residual lesions of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are major challenges in the immunocompromised host. Preliminary data have suggested that [ 18 F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([ 18 F]FDG) uptake may be observed in the course of active inva-sive fungal infections. The aim of this study was to assess the role of positron emission tomography with [ 18 F]FDG ([ 18 F]FDG-PET) in the diagnosis and staging of IFI. A prospective monocentric study evaluating [ 18 F]FDG-PET in 30 consecutive adults and children with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group probable or proven IFI was performed. Twenty males and ten females (median age, 45 years (range 6-75 years)) were enrolled. Twenty-six were immunocompromised, as follows: haematological malignancy (18) with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (16/18), solid tumour (three), solid organ transplanta-tion (two), diabetes mellitus (two) and cystic fibrosis (one). IFIs were acute invasive aspergillosis (ten), chronic disseminated candidia-sis (ten), zygomycosis (two), black grains eumycetoma (two), pulmonary Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum histoplasmosis (two), and Phomopsis sp. osteoarthritis, Scedosporium apiospermum and Candida krusei spondylodiscitis, and acute pulmonary coccidioidomyco-sis in one case each. An increased uptake of [ 18 F]FDG was observed in all areas previously identified by computed tomography and/ or magnetic resonance imaging to be involved by IFI. In 4/10 chronic disseminated candidiasis cases, [ 18 F]FDG-PET revealed small splenic abscesses that were unapparent on the corresponding computed tomography scan. [ 18 F]FDG uptake disappeared after 6 months of antifungal therapy in three patients with chronic disseminated candidiasis for whom the [ 18 F]FDG-PET was performed to assess the evolution of the disease. [ 18 F]FDG-PET could potentially be useful for the initial diagnosis and staging of IFI. Whether or not [ 18 F]FDG-PET might be useful for assessing the optimal duration of IFI therapy should now be assessed in a specific prospective study.
Published: 2011
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14. Of mice, flies--and men? Comparing fungal infection models for large-scale screening efforts

Author: Martin E. A. Richter, Ekkehard Hiller, Bernhard Hube, Lydia Kasper, Sascha Brunke, Dominique Ferrandon, Christophe d'Enfert, Jessica Quintin, Steffen Rupp, Karl Kuchler, Ilse D. Jacobsen, Tobias Schwarzmüller, Department of Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms [Jena], Hans Knoell Institute, Center for Sepsis Control & Care, Jena University Hospital, Réponse immunitaire et developpement chez les insectes (RIDI - UPR 9002), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Escuela de Ciencas Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena University Hospital [Jena], Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (Fraunhofer IGB), Fraunhofer (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft), Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), This work was supported via institutional support from CNRS, by the DeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the Austrian Science Foundation (FWF) via a joint DACH project of the B.H. and K.K. laboratories (DFG HU 528/17-1 and FWF-I-746-B11), and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Health (BMBF)and the FWF via the ERA-Net Pathogenomics project FunPath (BMBF-FKZ:0313931B and FWF-API-0125). The work of S.B., M.E.R. and B.H. was further supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Health (BMBF) Germany via the Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC, FKZ: 01EO1002). Work in the K.K. laboratory was supported by the Austrian Science Foundation FWF by a grant from the Christian Doppler Society., Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology (IGB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Brunke, Sascha, Quintin, Jessica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques (BPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), RIBIERRE, Helene, and Publica
Subjects: MESH: Gene Ontology, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mutant, Medicine (miscellaneous), lcsh:Medicine, MESH: Logistic Models, Candida glabrata, MESH: Virulence, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mice, Immunology and Microbiology (miscellaneous), [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, MESH: Animals, Mutant library, Drosophila melanogaster, Alternative infection models, Signature-tagged mutagenesis, Fungal virulence factors, MESH: Candida glabrata, Pathogen, MESH: Organ Specificity, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, Virulence, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Organ Specificity, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, lcsh:RB1-214, Research Article, MESH: Mutation, Neuroscience (miscellaneous), Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Microbiology, MESH: Drosophila melanogaster, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, medicine, lcsh:Pathology, Animals, Humans, Drosophila, MESH: Mice, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, lcsh:R, fungi, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, Disease Models, Animal, Gene Ontology, Logistic Models, Mycoses, MESH: Disease Models, Animal
Abstract: Studying infectious diseases requires suitable hosts for experimental in vivo infections. Recent years have seen the advent of many alternatives to murine infection models. However, the use of non-mammalian models is still controversial because it is often unclear how well findings from these systems predict virulence potential in humans or other mammals. Here, we compare the commonly used models, fruit fly and mouse (representing invertebrate and mammalian hosts), for their similarities and degree of correlation upon infection with a library of mutants of an important fungal pathogen, the yeast Candida glabrata. Using two indices, for fly survival time and for mouse fungal burden in specific organs, we show a good agreement between the models. We provide a suitable predictive model for estimating the virulence potential of C. glabrata mutants in the mouse from fly survival data. As examples, we found cell wall integrity mutants attenuated in flies, and mutants of a MAP kinase pathway had defective virulence in flies and reduced relative pathogen fitness in mice. In addition, mutants with strongly reduced in vitro growth generally, but not always, had reduced virulence in flies. Overall, we demonstrate that surveying Drosophila survival after infection is a suitable model to predict the outcome of murine infections, especially for severely attenuated C. glabrata mutants. Pre-screening of mutants in an invertebrate Drosophila model can, thus, provide a good estimate of the probability of finding a strain with reduced microbial burden in the mouse host., Summary: Can the fitness of deletion mutants in a murine model be predicted by their virulence in Drosophila melanogaster? For a fungal pathogen, the answer is, mostly, yes.
Published: 2015

15. Antifungal drugs during pregnancy: an updated review

Author: Jack D. Sobel, Caroline Charlier, Benoit Pilmis, Olivier Lortholary, Marc Lecuit, Vincent Jullien, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Wayne State University [Detroit], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], This study was supported by internal funding, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), and Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]-Institut des Maladies Génétiques Imagine [Paris]
Subjects: Antifungal Agents, MESH: Administration, Intravenous, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Antifungal drugs, Administration, Topical, Pharmacology, MESH: Pregnancy, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Pregnancy, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Fluconazole, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, MESH: Administration, Topical, 3. Good health, fetus, MESH: Teratogens, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Teratogens, fungal infections, MESH: Fluconazole, Liposomal amphotericin, Administration, Intravenous, Female, Itraconazole, Microbiology (medical), placenta, 03 medical and health sciences, Animal data, MESH: Anti-Infective Agents, Local, MESH: Mycoses, Amphotericin B, MESH: Amphotericin B, Humans, MESH: Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Antifungal Agents, bacterial infections and mycoses, antifungal therapy, Mycoses, Anti-Infective Agents, Local, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Itraconazole, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Classics
Abstract: International audience; Antifungal prescription remains a challenge in pregnant women because of uncertainties regarding fetal toxicity and altered maternal pharmacokinetic parameters that may affect efficacy or increase maternal and fetal toxicity. We present updated data reviewing the available knowledge and current recommendations regarding antifungal prescription in pregnancy. Amphotericin B remains the first-choice parenteral drug in spite of its well-established toxicity. Topical drugs are used throughout pregnancy because of limited absorption. Recent data have clarified the teratogenic effect of high-dose fluconazole during the first trimester and provided reassuring cumulative data regarding its use at a single low dose in this key period. Recent data have also provided additional safety data on itraconazole and lipidic derivatives of amphotericin B. Regarding newer antifungal drugs, including posaconazole and echinocandins, clinical data are critically needed before considering prescription in pregnancy.
Published: 2014

16. Antifungal innate immunity: recognition and inflammatory networks

Author: Jessica Quintin, Daniela C. Ifrim, Mihai G. Netea, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Katharina L. Becker, and Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen]
Subjects: MESH: Fungi, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Candida glabrata, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, Proinflammatory cytokine, Microbiology, MESH: Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Immune system, Signature-tagged mutagenesis, MESH: Mycoses, Immunity, Flora (microbiology), Immunology and Allergy, MESH: Protein Binding, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, Candida albicans, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Alternative infection models, Innate immune system, MESH: Humans, MESH: Immune System, biology, Host (biology), MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Pattern recognition receptor, Fungi, biology.organism_classification, Immunity, Innate, Mutant library, Drosophila melanogaster, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Mycoses, Immune System, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Host-Pathogen Interactions, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Fungal virulence factors, MESH: Immunity, Innate, Protein Binding
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 154433.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) A large variety of fungi are present in the environment, among which a proportion colonizes the human body, usually without causing any harm. However, depending on the host immune status, commensals can become opportunistic pathogens that induce diseases ranging from superficial non-harmful infection to life-threatening systemic disease. The interplay between the host and the fungal commensal flora is being orchestrated by an efficient recognition of the microorganisms, which in turn ensures a proper balance between tolerance of the normal fungal flora and induction of immune defense mechanisms when invasion occurs. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a significant role in maintaining this balance due to their capacity to sense fungi and induce host responses such as the induction of proinflammatory cytokines involved in the activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the present review, we will discuss the most recent findings regarding the recognition of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus and the different types of immune cells that play a role in antifungal host defense.
Published: 2014

17. A Quantitative Prioritisation of Human and Domestic Animal Pathogens in Europe

Author: McIntyre, K. Marie, Setzkorn, Christian, Hepworth, Philip, Morand, Serge, Morse, Andrew, Baylis, Matthew, Institute of Infection and Global Health [University of Liverpool, UK], University of Liverpool, National Consortium for Zoonosis Research, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (UPR AGIRs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), School of Environmental Sciences [Liverpool], NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Disease reservoir, Epidemiology, Disease, Plant Science, Global Health, MESH: Risk Assessment, Santé publique, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Disease Informatics, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Analyse du risque, Public and Occupational Health, MESH: Animals, MESH: Helminths, 0303 health sciences, Santé animale, MESH: Climate Change, 3. Good health, One Health, Veterinary Diseases, Medicine, Epidemiological Monitoring, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Science, Communicable Diseases, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, MESH: Animals, Wild, Changement climatique, MESH: Disease Reservoirs, MESH: Humans, Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, Évaluation de l'impact, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, Plant Pathology, Biotechnology, Health Care, Biosécurité, Mycoses, Veterinary Science, Biosecurity, Helminthiasis, Population Modeling, Human pathogen, L73 - Maladies des animaux, MESH: Communicable Disease Control, Zoonoses, Global health, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH: Communicable Diseases, Emerging, Multidisciplinary, Bacterial Infections, Animal domestique, Research Assessment, MESH: Helminthiasis, Europe, MESH: Virus Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Maladie des animaux, Virus Diseases, Animals, Domestic, Viruses, MESH: Communicable Diseases, Epidemiological Methods and Statistics, Risk assessment, MESH: Zoonoses, Research Article, zoonose, MESH: Fungi, MESH: Bacterial Infections, Climate Change, 030231 tropical medicine, Animals, Wild, Relation hôte pathogène, Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Agent pathogène, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MESH: Viruses, Maladie de l'homme, MESH: Mycoses, Environmental health, Helminths, Animals, MESH: Animals, Domestic, Disease Reservoirs, business.industry, Fungi, L70 - Sciences et hygiène vétérinaires - Considérations générales, MESH: Bacteria, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 13. Climate action, Bibliometrics, Maladie infectieuse, Communicable Disease Control, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Epidemiological Monitoring, MESH: Europe, business, Infectious Disease Modeling
Abstract: International audience; Disease or pathogen risk prioritisations aid understanding of infectious agent impact within surveillance or mitigation and biosecurity work, but take significant development. Previous work has shown the H-(Hirsch-)index as an alternative proxy. We present a weighted risk analysis describing infectious pathogen impact for human health (human pathogens) and well-being (domestic animal pathogens) using an objective, evidence-based, repeatable approach; the H-index. This study established the highest H-index European pathogens. Commonalities amongst pathogens not included in previous surveillance or risk analyses were examined. Differences between host types (humans/animals/zoonotic) in pathogen H-indices were explored as a One Health impact indicator. Finally, the acceptability of the H-index proxy for animal pathogen impact was examined by comparison with other measures. 57 pathogens appeared solely in the top 100 highest H-indices (1) human or (2) animal pathogens list, and 43 occurred in both. Of human pathogens, 66 were zoonotic and 67 were emerging, compared to 67 and 57 for animals. There were statistically significant differences between H-indices for host types (humans, animal, zoonotic), and there was limited evidence that H-indices are a reasonable proxy for animal pathogen impact. This work addresses measures outlined by the European Commission to strengthen climate change resilience and biosecurity for infectious diseases. The results include a quantitative evaluation of infectious pathogen impact, and suggest greater impacts of human-only compared to zoonotic pathogens or scientific under-representation of zoonoses. The outputs separate high and low impact pathogens, and should be combined with other risk assessment methods relying on expert opinion or qualitative data for priority setting, or could be used to prioritise diseases for which formal risk assessments are not possible because of data gaps.
Published: 2014

18. Candida albicans is not always the preferential yeast colonizing humans: a study in Wayampi Amerindians

Author: Mouna Ben Soltana, Laure Diancourt, Antoine Andremont, Paul-Louis Woerther, Sophie Abélanet, Félix Djossou, Emmanuelle Permal, Cécile Angebault, Christiane Bouchier, Christophe d'Enfert, François Catzeflis, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de bactériologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Génotypage des Pathogènes et Santé Publique (Plate-forme) (PF8), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Génomique (Plate-Forme), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The ERAES project was supported in part by the Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Environnement et du Travail(contracts ES-05-01 and EST-09-21), the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (contract 05-9-114), the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, contracts C06-18 and C10-19), the Centre National de Référence' Résistance bactérienne dans les flores commensales, 'the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (grants FDM20090615761 andFDM20100619023 to C. A.), and the French government ’ s Investissement d'Avenir program, Laboratoire d’Excellence'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases' (grant ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), ANR: the Agence Nationale pour la Recher- che (contract 05-9-114),the Agence Nationale pour la Recher- che (contract 05-9-114),05-9-114 the Agence Nationale pour la Recher- che (contract 05-9-114), ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID,IBEID,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases'(2010), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) - AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris] - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (ISEM), Université de Montpellier (UM) - Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226 - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR : the Agence Nationale pour la Recher- che (contract 05-9-114), the Agence Nationale pour la Recher- che (contract 05-9-114), 05-9-114 the Agence Nationale pour la Recher- che (contract 05-9-114), ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID, IBEID, Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases'(2010), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génomique (Plate-Forme) - Genomics Platform, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 05-9-114 the Agence Nationale pour la Recher- che (contract 05-9-114) the Agence Nationale pour la Recher- che (contract 05-9-114), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques (BPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: Male, MESH : Prevalence, MESH : Multilocus Sequence Typing, MESH : Aged, MESH : Candidiasis, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Prevalence, Immunology and Allergy, Colonization, MESH : Female, MESH: Animals, Candida albicans, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged, 80 and over, 2. Zero hunger, MESH : Intestines, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, MESH: Yeasts, Candidiasis, intestinal colonization, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, Corpus albicans, MESH: Candidiasis, French Guiana, Intestines, Infectious Diseases, MESH : Carrier State, MESH: Multilocus Sequence Typing, whole-genome sequencing, MESH: Young Adult, Carrier State, MESH: Genome, Fungal, Female, Genome, Fungal, MESH: Carrier State, MLST, MESH: Intestines, Adult, MESH : French Guiana, Adolescent, Human intestine, MESH : Candida albicans, MESH : Male, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, MESH : Young Adult, yeasts, Microbiology, Evolution, Molecular, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, Candida krusei, MESH : Adolescent, MESH: French Guiana, Animals, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH : Evolution, Molecular, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Prevalence, Aged, 030304 developmental biology, MESH : Mycoses, MESH: Adolescent, MESH : Yeasts, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, amerindians, MESH : Genome, Fungal, MESH: Candida albicans, MESH : Humans, MESH : Phylogeny, MESH: Adult, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Yeast, MESH: Male, Carriage, Mycoses, candida albicans, MESH : Animals, MESH: Female, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: Chantier qualité GA; International audience; In industrialized countries Candida albicans is considered the predominant commensal yeast of the human intestine, with approximately 40% prevalence in healthy adults. We discovered a highly original colonization pattern that challenges this current perception by studying in a 4- year interval a cohort of 151 Amerindians living in a remote community (French Guiana), and animals from their environment. The prevalence of C. albicans was persistently low (3% and 7% of yeast carriers). By contrast, Candida krusei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were detected in over 30% of carriers. We showed that C. krusei and S. cerevisiae carriage was of food or environmental origin, whereas C. albicans carriage was associated with specific risk factors (being female and living in a crowded household). We also showed using whole-genome sequence comparison that C. albicans strains can persist in the intestinal tract of a healthy individual over a 4-year period.
Published: 2013

19. Indications and outcomes of antifungal therapy in French patients with haematological conditions or recipients of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Author: Raoul Herbrecht, Anne Auvrignon, Catherine Cordonnier, Mauricette Michallet, Yves Bertrand, Paul Preziosi, Nizar Mahlaoui, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Fabrice Ruiz, Norbert-Claude Gorin, Denis Caillot, Anne Thiebaut, Benoit Brethon, Service d'Hématologie, CHU Strasbourg, Hôpital du Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Service d'hématologie clinique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service d'hématologie [Hôpital Edouard Herriot - HCL], Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), IFR Necker-Enfants Malades (IRNEM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hématologie et immunologie pédiatrique, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-CHU Lyon-Institut d'hématologie et d'oncologie pédiatrique [CHU - HCL] (IHOPe), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant (HFME), Service d'hématologie clinique et de thérapie cellulaire [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ), IFR Necker-Enfants Malades ( IRNEM ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -CHU Lyon-Institut d'hématologie et d'oncologie pédiatrique [CHU - HCL] ( IHOPe ), Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant (HFME), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Institut de recherche, santé, environnement et travail ( Irset ), Université d'Angers ( UA ) -Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] ( EHESP ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP]
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH : Prospective Studies, MESH : Aged, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Aspergillosis, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, MESH: Child, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, Pharmacology (medical), Prospective Studies, Child, MESH: Treatment Outcome, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH : Infant, invasive candidiasis, MESH: Infant, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Hematologic Neoplasms, MESH : Hematologic Neoplasms, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Young Adult, MESH : Stem Cell Transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH : Adolescent, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH : Aged, 80 and over, Intensive care medicine, Aged, MESH : Mycoses, Pharmacology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, MESH : Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, Infant, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, MESH: Antifungal Agents, Survival Analysis, mortality, invasive fungal disease, Mycoses, chemistry, MESH: Female, Antifungal Agents, haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, MESH : Child, Preschool, chemistry.chemical_compound, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, MESH: Aged, Mortality rate, MESH : Immunocompromised Host, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Survival Analysis, haematology, Female, France, MESH: Stem Cell Transplantation, Adult, Adolescent, MESH : Male, MESH : Antifungal Agents, MESH : Treatment Outcome, Neutropenia, Immunocompromised Host, Young Adult, MESH: Mycoses, Internal medicine, medicine, MESH : France, invasive aspergillosis, business.industry, MESH: Male, MESH: Prospective Studies, Transplantation, MESH: France, MESH : Survival Analysis, Caspofungin, business, Febrile neutropenia, Stem Cell Transplantation, MESH: Hematologic Neoplasms
Abstract: International audience; OBJECTIVES: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) remains a major concern in patients with haematological conditions. We describe diagnoses, therapeutic management and outcomes in unselected consecutive patients from haematological facilities treated for suspected or documented IFD. METHODS: In this observational prospective study, children/adults with haematological conditions or haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) were recruited upon start of non-prophylactic systemic antifungal treatment in 37 French haematological facilities (December 2007 to December 2008). IFD episodes were classified according to the 2008 EORTC/MSG criteria. RESULTS: The cohort included 419 patients (298 adults and 121 children): 88% haematological malignancies, 28% HSCT recipients and 68% neutropenic. Patients had 423 IFD episodes: 21% mycologically documented (59% probable/proven aspergillosis, 32% proven candidiasis and 9% probable/proven other IFD) and 20% classified as possible IFD. The remaining cases were assigned to two groups: febrile neutropenia (34%) and unclassified (25%), 9% of which were classified as possible/probable/proven IFD by day 7. Treatment was thus initiated early in 59% of patients; liposomal amphotericin B and caspofungin were the most common single-agent therapies. The 12 week mortality was 18% for probable/proven aspergillosis, 15% for proven candidiasis, 10% for probable/proven other IFD, 9% for possible IFD, 3% for febrile neutropenia and 12% for unclassified episodes (log rank P = 0.016); it was dependent on age, complete remission of underlying haematological disease and mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: In this comprehensive sample of haematological patients receiving antifungal treatment, we observe a widespread resort to early therapy and a low mortality rate, including in patients with probable or proven IFD.
Published: 2012

20. Antifungal susceptibility profiles of 1698 yeast reference strains revealing potential emerging human pathogens

Author: Marie Desnos-Ollivier, Françoise Dromer, Vincent Robert, Dorothée Raoux-Barbot, Marizeth Groenewald, Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS-KNAW), Thanks to Damien Hoinard (NRCMA) and Wendy Epping (CBS) for technical help. Thanks to Dea Garcia-Hermoso and Stéphane Bretagne for proofreading. Thanks to Jack Edwards and Marc Orbach for their helpful information about use of antifungal in agricultures., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Basidiomycetes, Azoles, Antifungal Agents, Opportunistic pathogens, Antifungal drug, lcsh:Medicine, Human pathogen, MESH: Drug Design, Antimicrobial resistance, Reference Values, Candida albicans, MESH: Phylogeny, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, Fungal pathogens, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH: Microbial Sensitivity Tests, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Ascomycota, biology, Temperature, MESH: Reference Values, MESH: Temperature, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Phenotype, Medicine, Echinocandins, Research Article, MESH: Fungi, Drugs and Devices, Mycology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, MESH: Ascomycota, MESH: Phenotype, Microbiology, MESH: Drug Resistance, Fungal, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, Antibiotic resistance, Species Specificity, Drug Resistance, Fungal, In vivo, Humans, MESH: Species Specificity, Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Antifungals, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, Basidiomycota, lcsh:R, Fungi, MESH: Antifungal Agents, biology.organism_classification, Ascomycetes, Yeast, MESH: Basidiomycota, Mycoses, Drug Design, lcsh:Q
Abstract: International audience; New molecular identification techniques and the increased number of patients with various immune defects or underlying conditions lead to the emergence and/or the description of novel species of human and animal fungal opportunistic pathogens. Antifungal susceptibility provides important information for ecological, epidemiological and therapeutic issues. The aim of this study was to assess the potential risk of the various species based on their antifungal drug resistance, keeping in mind the methodological limitations. Antifungal susceptibility profiles to the five classes of antifungal drugs (polyens, azoles, echinocandins, allylamines and antimetabolites) were determined for 1698 yeast reference strains belonging to 992 species (634 Ascomycetes and 358 Basidiomycetes). Interestingly, geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of all antifungal drugs tested were significantly higher for Basidiomycetes compared to Ascomycetes (p
Published: 2012

21. Retrospective assessment of β-D-(1,3)-glucan for presumptive diagnosis of fungal infections

Author: Bellanger, Anne-Pauline, Grenouillet, Frédéric, Hénon, T., Skana, Florence, Legrand, Faezeh, Deconinck, Erick, Millon, Laurence, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Service d'hématologie, Service d'Hématologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Parasitologie-Mycologie CHU Besançon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ) -hopital Jean Minjoz, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC ( HOTE GREFFON ), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-France-Comté] ( EFS [Bourgogne-France-Comté] ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC )
Subjects: Time Factors, beta-Glucans, MESH : Retrospective Studies, MESH : beta-Glucans, Mannans, Immunocompromised Host, MESH: Mycoses, MESH: Mannans, Predictive Value of Tests, MESH : Aspergillosis, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, Aspergillosis, Humans, MESH : Predictive Value of Tests, MESH: Aspergillosis, MESH : France, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Retrospective Studies, MESH : Mycoses, MESH: Humans, MESH: beta-Glucans, MESH : Humans, MESH: Time Factors, Galactose, MESH: Retrospective Studies, MESH : Immunocompromised Host, MESH: Predictive Value of Tests, MESH: France, Mycoses, Hematologic Neoplasms, Proteoglycans, France, MESH : Hematologic Neoplasms, MESH : Mannans, MESH : Time Factors, MESH: Hematologic Neoplasms
Abstract: International audience; β-D-(1,3)-glucan (BG) is a component of the cell walls of many fungal organisms. Our aims were to investigate the feasibility of the BG assay and its contribution to early diagnosis of different types of invasive fungal infections (IFI) commonly diagnosed in a tertiary care centre. The BG serum levels of 28 patients diagnosed with six IFI [13 probable invasive aspergillosis (IA), 2 proven IA, 2 zygomycosis, 3 fusariosis, 3 cryptococcosis, 3 candidaemia and 2 pneumocystosis] were retrospectively evaluated. The kinetic variations in BG serum levels from the 15 patients diagnosed with IA were compared with those of the galactomannan antigen (GM). In 5/15 cases of IA, BG was positive earlier than GM (time lapse from 4 to 30 days), in 8/15 cases, BG was positive at the same time as GM and, in 2/15 cases, BG was positive after GM. For the five other fungal diseases, BG was highly positive at the period of diagnosis except for the two cases of zygomycosis and one of the three cases of fusariosis. This study, which reflects the common activity of a tertiary care centre, confirms that BG detection could be of interest for IFI screening in patients with haematological malignancies.
Published: 2011

22. Emergence of disseminated infections due to Geosmithia argillacea in patients with chronic granulomatous disease receiving long-term azole antifungal prophylaxis

Author: Emilie Catherinot, Anne Debourgogne, Marc Lecuit, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Marie Machouart, Stéphane Blanche, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, H. Coignard, N. Hassouni, Olivier Lortholary, Alexandre Rivier, Alexandra Salmon, Relations Hôte-Environnement (RHEM), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: MESH: Histocytochemistry, Azoles, Male, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, MESH: Chemoprevention, MESH: Fatal Outcome, Posaconazole, Antifungal Agents, Case Reports, Granulomatous Disease, Chronic, chemistry.chemical_compound, Echinocandins, Chronic granulomatous disease, Fatal Outcome, MESH: Granulomatous Disease, Chronic, MESH: Lipopeptides, Caspofungin, MESH: Azoles, Interferon gamma, Abscess, DNA, Fungal, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 0303 health sciences, Microscopy, Histocytochemistry, Fungal genetics, MESH: Naphthalenes, Eurotiales, 3. Good health, MESH: Eurotiales, MESH: Caspofungin, Female, medicine.drug, Rasamsonia, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Microscopy, MESH: Terbinafine, food.ingredient, Adolescent, MESH: Interferon-gamma, Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Abscess, Biology, Naphthalenes, Chemoprevention, 03 medical and health sciences, Interferon-gamma, Lipopeptides, MESH: Mycoses, food, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, medicine, Humans, MESH: DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, Terbinafine, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Echinocandins, MESH: Adult, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Triazoles, MESH: Antifungal Agents, medicine.disease, Dermatology, MESH: Male, MESH: DNA, Fungal, MESH: Triazoles, chemistry, Mycoses, Immunology, MESH: Female
Abstract: We report two cases of invasive infections due to Geosmithia argillacea , an emerging mold, in patients with chronic granulomatous disease receiving prolonged azole antifungal prophylaxis. One patient died despite receiving a combination of four antifungals, and the other developed cerebral and medullary lesions under a combination of caspofungin, posaconazole, terbinafine, and gamma interferon.
Published: 2011

23. Systems biology of infectious diseases: a focus on fungal infections

Author: Michael Bromley, Philippe Pierre, Ivo Gut, Lisa Rizzetto, Rodrigo Santamaría, Wanseon Lee, Duccio Cavalieri, Brian Miller, Misha Kapushesky, Teresa Zelante, Luigina Romani, Manuel A. S. Santos, Paul Bowyer, University of Salamanca - Spain, University of Salamanca, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), University of Manchester [Manchester], Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), European Bioinforrmatics Institute (UK) (EBI), École de biologie industrielle (EBI), AlerGenetica (UK), AlerGenetica, Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Universidade de Aveiro, Universidad de Salamanca, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), and Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG)
Subjects: Proteomics, Antifungal Agents, MESH: Th17 Cells, Disease, MESH: Drug Design, Bioinformatics, MESH: Receptors, Pattern Recognition, MESH: Molecular Targeted Therapy, Candida albicans, Immunology and Allergy, MESH: Animals, MESH: Immune Evasion, MESH: Genetic Variation, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Organism, MESH: Cytokines, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Proteomics, Systems Biology, Hematology, 3. Good health, Drug development, MESH: Systems Biology, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, MESH: Genome, Fungal, Host-Pathogen Interactions, MESH: Communicable Diseases, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Cytokines, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, Genome, Fungal, MESH: Immune Tolerance, Systems biology, Host–pathogen interaction, Immunology, Computational biology, Biology, Communicable Diseases, Underlying infection, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, Immune Tolerance, Animals, Humans, Immune Evasion, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, MESH: Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions, MESH: Biological Markers, Genetic Variation, Th1 Cells, MESH: Antifungal Agents, Microarray Analysis, MESH: Microarray Analysis, MESH: Th1 Cells, Mycoses, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Drug Design, Th17 Cells, Biomarkers
Abstract: International audience; The study of infectious disease concerns the interaction between the host species and a pathogen organism. The analysis of such complex systems is improving with the evolution of high-throughput technologies and advanced computational resources. This article reviews integrative, systems-oriented approaches to understanding mechanisms underlying infection, immune response and inflammation to find biomarkers of disease and design new drugs. We focus on the systems biology process, especially the data gathering and analysis techniques rather than the experimental technologies or latest computational resources.
Published: 2011

24. Cost effectiveness of posaconazole in the prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in acute leukaemia patients for the French healthcare system

Author: P. Berger, Philippe Moreau, A. K. O'Sullivan, Raoul Herbrecht, Mauricette Michallet, Bertrand Dupont, Patricia Ribaud, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Antoine Lafuma, Denis Caillot, Service d'hématologie [Hôpital Edouard Herriot - HCL], Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques (SeRAIC), Université de Rennes (UR), Cemka EVAL, Service d'Hématologie, CHU Strasbourg, Service greffe de moelle osseuse, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service d'hématologie clinique, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques ( SeRAIC ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -IFR140, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-IFR140, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)
Subjects: Male, Fungal infection, Posaconazole, MESH: Decision Trees, Myeloid, Antifungal Agents, National Health Programs, Cost effectiveness, Cost-Benefit Analysis, MESH : Aged, Acute leukaemia, Cost Analysis, Indirect costs, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Female, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, Leukemia, MESH: Middle Aged, Health Policy, MESH : Acute Disease, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, 3. Good health, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, medicine.anatomical_structure, Acute Disease, MESH: Acute Disease, Female, MESH : Cost-Benefit Analysis, France, Acute myeloblastic leukaemia, MESH: Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, medicine.drug, Healthcare system, Adult, MESH: Fungi, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Male, MESH : Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, MESH : Antifungal Agents, MESH : Decision Trees, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, Internal medicine, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MESH : Triazoles, MESH: Leukemia, MESH: Antibiotic Prophylaxis, medicine, Humans, MESH : Middle Aged, MESH : Antibiotic Prophylaxis, MESH : France, MESH: National Health Programs, MESH : Fungi, Aged, MESH : Mycoses, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, Clinical events, business.industry, Prophylaxis, Decision Trees, MESH : Humans, MESH : Leukemia, Fungi, MESH: Adult, Antibiotic Prophylaxis, Triazoles, MESH: Antifungal Agents, MESH: Male, Surgery, Clinical trial, MESH: France, Mycoses, MESH: Triazoles, MESH : National Health Programs, business, MESH: Female, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, MESH: Cost-Benefit Analysis
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) patients are at high risk of suffering from invasive fungal infections (IFI). Posaconazole demonstrated higher efficacy than standard azole agents (SAA) in the prophylaxis of IFI in this population. The authors estimated the cost effectiveness of posaconazole versus SAA in France. METHODS: A decision-tree model was developed to compare posaconazole with SAA with the results of a published clinical trial. Clinical events were modelled with chance nodes reflecting probabilities of IFI, IFI-related death, and death from other causes. Medical resource consumption and costs were obtained from results of the clinical trial and from a dedicated survey on the costs of treating IFI using a retrospective chart review design. RESULTS: IFI treatment costs were estimated using medical files from 50 AML patients from six French centres, with a proven and probable IFI, who had been followed-up for 298 days on average. Direct costs directly related to IFI were estimated at €51,033, including extra costs of index hospitalisation, costs of antifungal therapy and additional hospitalisations related to IFI treatment. The model indicated that the healthcare costs for the posaconazole strategy were €5,223 (€2,697 for prophylaxis and €2,526 for IFI management), which was €859 less than the €6,083 in costs with SAA (€469 for prophylaxis and €5614 for IFI management). A sensitivity analysis indicated that there was an 80% probability that prophylaxis using the posaconazole strategy would be superior. CONCLUSION: The findings from this analysis suggest that posaconazole use is a clinically and economically dominant strategy in the prophylaxis of IFI in AML patients, given the usual limits of economic models and the uncertainty of costs estimates.
Published: 2011

25. Host defense peptides in skin secretions of the Oregon spotted frog Rana pretiosa: implications for species resistance to chytridiomycosis

Author: Conlon, J Michael, Mechkarska, Milena, Ahmed, Eman, Coquet, Laurent, Jouenne, Thierry, Leprince, Jérôme, Vaudry, Hubert, Hayes, Marc, Padgett-Flohr, Gretchen, Conlon, J. Michael, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, UAE University, Polymères, biopolymères, membranes (PBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Neuroendocrinologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine (DC2N)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ranidae, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, MESH: Amino Acid Sequence, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, 01 natural sciences, MESH: Chytridiomycota, Rana pretiosa, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], MESH: Animals, Peptide sequence, Skin, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, MESH: Microbial Sensitivity Tests, biology, MESH: Ranidae, Ecology, MESH: Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, MESH: Hemolysis, Rana boylii, Chytridiomycota, MESH: Immunity, Innate, Immunology, Antimicrobial peptides, Population, Molecular Sequence Data, Zoology, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, 010603 evolutionary biology, Hemolysis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, MESH: Skin, Animals, Humans, Chytridiomycosis, Amino Acid Sequence, education, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, Host (biology), biology.organism_classification, Temporin, Immunity, Innate, Mycoses, [SDV.SP.PHARMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Pharmacology, Developmental Biology, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Abstract: International audience; Population declines due to chytridiomycosis among frogs belonging to the Amerana (Rana boylii) species group from western North America have been particularly severe. Norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the Oregon spotted frog Rana pretiosa Baird and Girard, 1853 were collected from individuals that had been previously infected with the causative agent Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis but had proved resistant to developing chytridiomycosis. These secretions contained a more diverse array of antimicrobial peptides than found in other species from the Amerana group and 14 peptides were isolated in pure form. Determination of their primary structures identified the peptides as esculentin-2PRa and -2PRb; ranatuerin-2PRa, -2PRb, -2PRc, -2PRd, and -2PRe; brevinin-1PRa, -1PRb, -1PRc, and -1PRd; and temporin-PRa, -PRb, and -PRc. The strongly cationic ranatuerin-2PRd and the esculentin-2 peptides, which have not been identified in the secretions of other Amerana species except for the closely related R. luteiventris, showed the highest growth inhibitory potency against microorganisms. The strongly hydrophobic brevinin-1PRd was the most cytotoxic to erythrocytes. Although no clear correlation exists between production of dermal antimicrobial peptides by a species and its resistance to fatal chytridiomycosis, the diversity of these peptides in R. pretiosa may be pivotal in defending the species against environmental pathogens such as B. dendrobatidis.
Published: 2010

26. International retrospective analysis of 73 cases of invasive fusariosis treated with voriconazole

Author: Pinaki Biswas, Raoul Herbrecht, Issam I Raad, Karine Sitbon, Elisabeth Chachaty, Peter F. Troke, Denis Caillot, Anne-Lise Bienvenu, Frédéric Grenouillet, Muriel Cornet, Claire Lacroix, John H. Greene, Gaelle Obenga, Olivier Lortholary, Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Département de biologie et pathologie médicales [Gustave Roussy], Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Centre National de Référence des Borrelia (CNR), Microbiologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service d'Hématologie, CHU Strasbourg, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire ( CNRMA ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Institut Gustave Roussy ( IGR ), Centre National de Référence des Borrelia ( CNR ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) ( LCE ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] ( UBFC )
Subjects: Male, Antifungal Agents, MESH : Retrospective Studies, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH : Pyrimidines, MESH : Aged, MESH : Child, Preschool, Gastroenterology, 0302 clinical medicine, Fusarium, MESH : Child, MESH: Child, MESH : Female, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH: Treatment Outcome, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Fusarium, MESH: Middle Aged, Immunosuppression, Middle Aged, MESH : Adult, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, medicine.drug, Adult, Fusariosis, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Combination therapy, MESH : Male, MESH : Antifungal Agents, MESH : Young Adult, MESH : Treatment Outcome, Clinical Therapeutics, Neutropenia, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Pharmacotherapy, MESH: Mycoses, MESH : Adolescent, Internal medicine, MESH : Triazoles, medicine, Humans, MESH : Fusarium, MESH : Middle Aged, Aged, Retrospective Studies, MESH : Mycoses, Pharmacology, Voriconazole, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH : Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, Retrospective cohort study, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, Triazoles, medicine.disease, MESH: Antifungal Agents, MESH: Male, Surgery, Transplantation, Pyrimidines, Mycoses, MESH: Triazoles, MESH: Pyrimidines, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: The outcomes for 73 invasive fusariosis patients treated with voriconazole were investigated. Patients with proven ( n = 67) or probable ( n = 6) infections were identified from the voriconazole clinical database ( n = 39) and the French National Reference Center for Mycoses and Antifungals database ( n = 34). Investigator-determined success was a complete or partial response. Survival was determined from day 1 of voriconazole therapy to the last day known alive. Patients were 2 to 79 years old (median, 43 years), and 66% were male. Identified Fusarium species (62%) were F. solani , F. moniliforme , F. proliferatum , and F. oxysporum . Underlying conditions analyzed included hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT; 18%), hematologic malignancy (HM; 60%), chronic immunosuppression (CI; 12%), or other condition (OC; 10%). Infection sites were brain (5%), disseminated excluding brain (67%), lungs/sinus (15%), and other (12%). Most patients (64%) were or had recently been neutropenic (3 ). Therapy duration was 1 to 480 days (median, 57 days), with a 47% success rate. Baseline neutropenia impacted success adversely ( P ≤ 0.03). Success varied by underlying condition (HSCT, 38%; HM, 45%; CI, 44%; OC, 71%) and infection site (brain, 0%; disseminated, 45%; other, 56%; lung/sinus, 64%) ( P > 0.05). Combination therapy (13 patients) was no better than treatment with voriconazole alone. Overall, 59% of the patients died (49% died of fusariosis), and 90-day survival was 42%. Site of infection influenced survival ( P = 0.02). Median survival (in days) by species was as follows: F. solani , 213; F. oxysporum , 112; Fusarium spp., 101; F. proliferatum , 84; F. moniliforme , 76. We conclude that voriconazole is a therapeutic option for invasive fusariosis.
Published: 2010

27. Influence of internal and outdoor factors on filamentous fungal flora in hematology wards

Author: Annie Mollard, Jean-Paul Brion, Hervé Pelloux, Marie Reine Mallaret, Frédéric Garban, Jean-Luc Borel, Renée Grillot, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Lysiane Molina, J.L. Bosson, Jean-Yves Cahn, Jean-Louis Quesada, B. Lebeau, Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] (LAPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, CHU Grenoble, CIC - Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), TheREx, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Département de cancérologie et d'hématologie, CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon-CHU Grenoble-Hôpital Michallon, Service des Maladies Infectieuses, VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Hematology, and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble
Subjects: Cross infection, Flora, Epidemiology, Air Microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial, MESH: Hematology, Toxicology, MESH: Infection Control, 0302 clinical medicine, prevention, Risk Factors, Hygiene, MESH: Air Microbiology, MESH: Risk Factors, Environmental Microbiology, Infection control, MESH: Hygiene, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Weather, meteorologic factors, media_common, Cross Infection, Inhalation Exposure, 0303 health sciences, Hematology, Risk behaviour, Health Policy, MESH: Ventilation, MESH: Air Conditioning, MESH: Environmental Microbiology, Spores, Fungal, infection control, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Aspergillus, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Air Pollution, Indoor, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, France, Seasons, MESH: Hospital Units, MESH: Inhalation Exposure, MESH: Aspergillus fumigatus, Hospital Units, environment, Air filtration, medicine.medical_specialty, Filamentous fungi, media_common.quotation_subject, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, MESH: Spores, Fungal, Internal medicine, medicine, nosocomial infections, Aspergillosis, Humans, Air Conditioning, MESH: Aspergillosis, Intensive care medicine, Weather, MESH: Colony Count, Microbial, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Aspergillus fumigatus, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, MESH: Cross Infection, hematologic malignancies, Ventilation, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: France, Mycoses, MESH: Filtration, Colony count, MESH: Air Pollution, Indoor, business, MESH: Seasons, Filtration
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Nosocomial invasive filamentous fungi infections could result from inhalation of filamentous fungi conidia present in hospital environment. METHODS: The environmental fungal flora in 3 different hospital wards with similar air conditioning was prospectively studied during 30 months and compared to internal (presence of agranulocytosis patient, behavioral practices, activity, cleaning work) and outdoor factors (meteorologic data, outdoor fungi). The general preventive measures differed from one unit to another. RESULTS: The hematology wards with filamentous fungi preventive measures were significantly less contaminated than a conventional ward without specific measures. Internal and outdoor factors influenced the level of fungal flora. However, the influence of internal factors was greater in the conventional ward than in hematology wards. The variation of flora in the hospital environment was seasonal, and the level of this contamination in each ward was influenced by the meteorology. However, outdoor factors more readily explain the variations of fungal load in hematology than in the conventional ward. CONCLUSION: This study highlights that specific preventive measures participate significantly in the control of the filamentous fungal flora intensity due to internal factors but not those due to outdoor factors, stressing the importance of high-efficiency particulate air filtration in high-risk units.
Published: 2009

28. Hidden killers: persistence of opportunistic fungal pathogens in the human host

Author: Christophe d'Enfert, Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques (BPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Work in my laboratory is supported by grants from the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Kanji) and the European Commission (Galar Fungail 2, FinSysB, Euresfun)., I am grateful to Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux and other members of my laboratory for fruitful and lively discussions on the various topics of this review. I would like to thank Bernhard Hube and Frederic Dalle for insights and discussions and Tristan Rossignol, Mélanie Legrand, and Duncan Wilson for critical reading of the manuscript., ANR-08-MIEN-0033,KANJI,Colonisation et invasion de la muqueuse digestive par le champignon pathogène de l'homme Candida albicans(2008), European Project: 214004,PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2007-1-1-ITN,FINSYSB(2008), Biologie et Pathogénicité fongiques, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], ANR: Kanji,ANR Kanji,Kanji, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), MESH: Fungi, Virulence, Opportunistic Infections, Biology, Microbiology, Genus Candida, Persistence (computer science), Immunocompromised Host, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, Survival strategy, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, Humans, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions, Fungi, MESH: Opportunistic Infections, Commensalism, Infectious Diseases, Mycoses, Carrier State, Host-Pathogen Interactions, MESH: Carrier State, Disease transmission
Abstract: International audience; Opportunistic fungal pathogens are responsible for life-threatening systemic infections in immunocompromized individuals. Yet, they are also able to persist in immunocompetent individuals through different strategies. This review explores recent advances in our understanding of several survival strategies: the establishment of a commensal relationship between yeast of the genus Candida and the host; the formation of biofilms that allow microbes in these communities to be protected from chemical and cellular attacks; and the persistence of airborne pathogens within macrophages following primary infection. While research has concentrated on deciphering virulence factors of pathogenic fungi, additional understanding of how fungal pathogens persist in healthy hosts might help us design new strategies to prevent the transition from harmless interactions to devastating infections.
Published: 2009

29. Scedosporium prolificans: an emerging pathogen in France?

Author: Stéphane Ranque, Laurence Delhaes, Fabrice Larosa, Yosr Hicheri, Françoise Botterel, Jean-Marie Forel, Philippe Helias, Julien Crouzet, Frédéric Grenouillet, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: Male, Posaconazole, medicine.medical_treatment, MESH : Aged, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, MESH: Animals, MESH: Scedosporium, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, Immunosuppression, General Medicine, MESH : Immunocompromised Host, MESH : Adult, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, France, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Male, MESH : Scedosporium, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Emerging pathogen, Immunocompromised Host, Pharmacotherapy, MESH: Mycoses, medicine, Animals, Humans, Scedosporium, Intensive care medicine, MESH : France, Aged, Voriconazole, MESH : Mycoses, MESH: Humans, Scedosporium prolificans, 030306 microbiology, MESH : Humans, MESH: Adult, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, Surgery, MESH: France, Mycoses, Terbinafine, MESH : Animals
Abstract: International audience; For the last ten years, non-Aspergillus mold species have been increasingly involved in human invasive infections, probably as a consequence of more intense immunosuppression and prolonged patient survival, and of selective pressure since antifungal agents are currently used for prophylaxis or therapy. Scedosporium prolificans, one of these emerging fungi, has been isolated in a broad spectrum of clinical presentations in humans, including respiratory-tract colonization, superficial or locally invasive infections, and disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. Here, we report the recent emergence of invasive infections due to S. prolificans in France, and describe four new cases diagnosed during the last six years. Only one disseminated scedosporiosis has been reported before this in France, in 1994. Three out of our four cases were breakthrough infections in immunocompromised patients receiving posaconazole or voriconazole therapy. The aims of the present review were thus to gain a better understanding of scedosporiosis epidemiology and clinical features, and to review recent advances in multimodal management of these infections, including surgery, recovery and/or enhancement of immunity, and antifungal combinations, especially voriconazole plus terbinafine.
Published: 2009

30. Influence of mannose-binding lectin genotypes and serostatus in allo-SCT: analysis of 131 recipients and donors

Author: Tatjana Zabelina, R Thiébaut, Ulrike Bacher, N. Kroeger, Hartmut Kabisch, R M Haston, Boris Fehse, Michael Lioznov, F Ayuk, Axel R. Zander, P Das, Nigel Klein, Olaf Neth, Olga Waschke, Mouillet, Evelyne, Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH)-Institute of Child Health, Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roci, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Hamburg, Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Epidémiologie et Biostatistique [Bordeaux], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Male, MESH: Tissue Donors, Graft vs Host Disease, MESH: Genotype, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, Prospective Studies, MESH: Sepsis, Mannan-binding lectin, MESH: Aged, 0303 health sciences, Hematology, MESH: Middle Aged, Middle Aged, Tissue Donors, 3. Good health, MESH: Mannose-Binding Lectin, Phenotype, Female, Disease Susceptibility, MESH: Stem Cell Transplantation, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MESH: Disease Susceptibility, MESH: Graft vs Host Disease, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Biology, MESH: Phenotype, Mannose-Binding Lectin, Article, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Mycoses, Internal medicine, medicine, MESH: Transplantation, Homologous, Humans, Transplantation, Homologous, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adolescent, Transplantation, MESH: Humans, Lectin, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, Fungal pneumonia, medicine.disease, bacterial infections and mycoses, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Male, Complement system, Mycoses, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunology, biology.protein, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Female, 030215 immunology, Stem Cell Transplantation
Abstract: International audience; Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) deficiency is determined by MBL gene polymorphisms and is associated with an increased infection risk. To clarify the role of MBL in Allo-SCT, 131 recipients-donors were analysed. MBL genotypes were determined by PCR and heteroduplex analyses, MBL serum levels by ELISA, and MBL oligomers by western blotting. MBL levels
Published: 2009

31. Evaluation of a new mobile system for protecting immune-suppressed patients against airborne contamination

Author: Mireille Malbernard, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Svetlana Challier, Nicolas Laudinet, Poirot Jl, Alain Fischer, Vance Bergeron, Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques ( SeRAIC ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -IFR140, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Developpement Normal et Pathologique du Système Immunitaire, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), IFR Necker-Enfants Malades ( IRNEM ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service d'Immunologie et d'Hématologie Pédiatrique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon ( Phys-ENS ), École normale supérieure - Lyon ( ENS Lyon ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Signalisation et Réponses aux Agents Infectieux et Chimiques (SeRAIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFR Necker-Enfants Malades (IRNEM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-IFR140, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)
Subjects: Epidemiology, Air Microbiology, Colony Count, Microbial, MESH : Hospitals, Pediatric, MESH : Equipment Design, 030501 epidemiology, MESH : Child, Preschool, Aspergillosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, MESH: Infection Control, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH : Child, MESH: Air Microbiology, MESH : Aspergillosis, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Child, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Decontamination, biology, Inhalation, Health Policy, MESH : Aspergillus, MESH : Decontamination, Equipment Design, MESH : Immunocompromised Host, Contamination, Environment, Controlled, Hospitals, Pediatric, 3. Good health, MESH : Air Pollution, Indoor, Infectious Diseases, Aspergillus, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Air Pollution, Indoor, Child, Preschool, MESH: Aspergillus, France, 0305 other medical science, MESH: Fungi, medicine.medical_specialty, MESH : Colony Count, Microbial, MESH : Air Microbiology, MESH: Hospitals, Pediatric, MESH: Environment, Controlled, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, Immune system, MESH: Mycoses, MESH : Environment, Controlled, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, MESH: Aspergillosis, Aplastic anemia, Intensive care medicine, MESH : France, MESH: Colony Count, Microbial, MESH : Fungi, MESH : Mycoses, Infection Control, MESH: Humans, MESH : Infection Control, business.industry, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH : Humans, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Fungi, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: France, Pneumonia, Mycoses, MESH: Air Pollution, Indoor, business, MESH: Decontamination, MESH: Equipment Design
Abstract: Background: Invasive aspergillosis is one of the most lethal airborne dangers for immune-suppressed subjects. Providing patient protection from such airborne threats requires costly and high-maintenance facilities. We herein evaluate a new self-contained mobile unit as an alternative for creating a patient protective environment. Methods: Airborne contamination levels were monitored for different simulated scenarios and under actual clinical conditions. Functional tests were used to challenge the unit under adverse conditions, and a preliminary clinical study with patients and staff present was performed at 2 different French hospitals. Results: Functional tests demonstrated that the unit can rapidly decontaminate air in the protected zone created by the unit and in the surrounding room. In addition, the protected zone is not sensitive to large disturbances that occur in the room. The clinical study included 4 patients with 150 accumulated days of testing. The protected zone created by the unit systematically provided an environment with undetectable airborne fungal levels (ie, ,1 CFU/m 3 ) regardless of the levels in the room or corridor (P , .01). Conclusions: These tests show that the unit can be used to create a mobile protective environment for immune-suppressed patients in a standard hospital setting. (Am J Infect Control 2007;35:460-6.) Invasive aspergillosis, notably Aspergillus fumigatus, is one of the most lethal airborne dangers for immunesuppressed subjects. Although the reported attributable mortality from invasive pulmonary aspergillosis differs depending on the patient population studied, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports rates as high as 95% in recipients of allogeneic bone marrow transplants and patients who have aplastic anemia, compared with rates of 13%-80% in leukemic patients. 1 The most important nosocomial infection caused by Aspergillus sp is pneumonia, and the primary route of acquiring Aspergillus sp infection is via inhalation of the fungal spores. In severely immunesuppressed patients, primary Aspergillus sp pneumonia results from invasion of local lung tissue
Published: 2007

32. [Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in a university-affiliated hospital: implementation of a computerized system]

Author: Müller , A., Patry , I., Talon , D., Cornette , C., Lopez-Lozano , J. M., Plésiat , P., Bertrand , X., Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung and Institut für Nichtmetallische Anorganische Materialien, Max-Planck-Institut-Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], Physiopathologie du système nerveux., Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-IFR37-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] ( CHRU Besançon ), Service de bactériologie [Besançon], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) ( API ), Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Agents pathogènes et inflammation - UFC (EA 4266) (API), and Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Subjects: MESH : Escherichia coli, MESH: Drug Resistance, Microbial, MESH : Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Hospitals, University, Anti-Infective Agents, [ SDV.MP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Staphylococcus aureus, MESH: Microbial Sensitivity Tests, MESH: Drug Resistance, Viral, MESH: Escherichia coli, MESH : Staphylococcus aureus, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Bacterial Infections, MESH : Penicillin Resistance, MESH : Bacterial Infections, MESH: Virus Diseases, MESH : Drug Resistance, Viral, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Virus Diseases, MESH : Anti-Infective Agents, France, MESH : Software, Staphylococcus aureus, MESH: Bacterial Infections, Penicillin Resistance, MESH: Anti-Infective Agents, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, MESH: Drug Resistance, Fungal, MESH: Software, MESH: Mycoses, Drug Resistance, Fungal, MESH : Drug Resistance, Microbial, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Drug Resistance, Viral, MESH: Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Escherichia coli, Humans, MESH : France, MESH : Hospitals, University, MESH: Hospitals, University, MESH : Mycoses, MESH: Humans, MESH: Methicillin Resistance, MESH : Humans, MESH : Drug Resistance, Fungal, MESH: Penicillin Resistance, MESH : Virus Diseases, MESH : Methicillin Resistance, MESH: France, Mycoses, Methicillin Resistance, MESH : Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Software
Abstract: International audience; After half a century of antibiotic use, the increasing problem of the emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens has created a problem of public health. The causes of this problem are multifactorial, but the excessive and inappropriate use of antimicrobials is the principal cause. The current guidelines for the control of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals recommend the implementation of a surveillance system of antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance data. AIM OF THE STUDY: The objective of our project was to develop a computerised tool to survey the antibiotic consumption data and the antimicrobial resistance. MATERIALS ET METHODS: We have collected antimicrobial resistance data from the software of the bacteriology laboratory, antibiotic use data from the pharmacy and demographical data from the hospital's admission department. These data were integrated in a database server and available with a web application. Antimicrobial resistance data of 15 major microorganisms were extracted and expressed as a frequency with elimination of repeats by using time criteria (7, 14 or 28 days). Antibiotic use data were converted into defined daily doses (DDD) and expressed per 1000 patient-days. RESULTS: Data are available for consultation in the form of tables or graphs per unit, type of units (medicine, surgery, pediatrics, intensive care units) or in the whole hospital. The system allows the confrontation on the same graph of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic use data. CONCLUSION: Our surveillance system constitutes a needed prerequisite to the implementation of a global strategy of antibiotic use improvement in our hospital.
Published: 2006

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32 results on '"MESH: Mycoses"'

1. Update on the diagnosis of parasitic and fungal infections

2. Actualités du diagnostic des infections parasitaires et fongiques

3. Short-term evolution strategies for host adaptation and drug escape in human fungal pathogens

4. Fungal mediated innate immune memory, what have we learned?

5. Diversity of coelomycetous fungi in human infections: A 10-y experience of two European reference centres

6. Miltefosine-based regimen as salvage therapy in Lomentospora prolificans bone and joint infection

7. Phylogenetics of a Fungal Invasion: Origins and Widespread Dispersal of White-Nose Syndrome

8. Absence of Fungal Spore Internalization by Bronchial Epithelium in Mouse Models Evidenced by a New Bioimaging Approach and Transmission Electronic Microscopy

9. Investigating Clinical Issues by Genotyping of Medically Important Fungi: Why and How?

10. Inhibitory effect of chromogenic culture media on the growth ofRhodotorula: relevance to the diagnosis ofRhodotorulaspp. infections

11. Mycobacterial disease in patients with chronic granulomatous disease: A retrospective analysis of 71 cases

12. Fatal Invasive Infection with Fungemia Due to Microascus cirrosus after Heart and Lung Transplantation in a Patient with Cystic Fibrosis

13. Diagnostic contribution of positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose for invasive fungal infections

14. Of mice, flies--and men? Comparing fungal infection models for large-scale screening efforts

15. Antifungal drugs during pregnancy: an updated review

16. Antifungal innate immunity: recognition and inflammatory networks

17. A Quantitative Prioritisation of Human and Domestic Animal Pathogens in Europe

18. Candida albicans is not always the preferential yeast colonizing humans: a study in Wayampi Amerindians

19. Indications and outcomes of antifungal therapy in French patients with haematological conditions or recipients of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation

20. Antifungal susceptibility profiles of 1698 yeast reference strains revealing potential emerging human pathogens

21. Retrospective assessment of β-D-(1,3)-glucan for presumptive diagnosis of fungal infections

22. Emergence of disseminated infections due to Geosmithia argillacea in patients with chronic granulomatous disease receiving long-term azole antifungal prophylaxis

23. Systems biology of infectious diseases: a focus on fungal infections

24. Cost effectiveness of posaconazole in the prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in acute leukaemia patients for the French healthcare system

25. Host defense peptides in skin secretions of the Oregon spotted frog Rana pretiosa: implications for species resistance to chytridiomycosis

26. International retrospective analysis of 73 cases of invasive fusariosis treated with voriconazole

27. Influence of internal and outdoor factors on filamentous fungal flora in hematology wards

28. Hidden killers: persistence of opportunistic fungal pathogens in the human host

29. Scedosporium prolificans: an emerging pathogen in France?

30. Influence of mannose-binding lectin genotypes and serostatus in allo-SCT: analysis of 131 recipients and donors

31. Evaluation of a new mobile system for protecting immune-suppressed patients against airborne contamination

32. [Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in a university-affiliated hospital: implementation of a computerized system]

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32 results on '"MESH: Mycoses"'

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