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6 results on '"MESH: Archaea/genetics"'

1. The growing tree of Archaea: new perspectives on their diversity, evolution and ecology

Author

Guillaume Borrel, Céline Brochier-Armanet, Panagiotis S. Adam, Simonetta Gribaldo, Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles (BMGE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSA is supported by a PhD fellowship from Paris Diderot University and funds by the PhD Programme ‘Frontières du Vivant (FdV) – Programme Bettencourt’. GB is a recipient of a Roux-Cantarini fellowship from the Institut Pasteur. SG and CB-A acknowledge funding by the French National Agency for Research (ANR) grant ArchEvol (ANR-16-CE02-0005-01)., We thank the three anonymous reviewers for very useful comments and suggestions. Finally, we apologize to colleagues whose work could not be cited due to space limitations., ANR-16-CE02-0005,Arch-Evol,Approches phylogenomiques pour étudier l'origine et évolution des Archées(2016), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
MESH: Ecology, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Genome, Archaeal, Mini Review, MESH: Biodiversity, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Ecology (disciplines), Tree of life (biology), Biodiversity, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genome, Archaeal, Phylogenetics, MESH: Archaea/genetics, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Ecology, biology, Phylum, MESH: Archaea/isolation & purification, Human microbiome, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Archaea, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, MESH: Archaea/classification, Diversity (politics)
Abstract

International audience; The Archaea occupy a key position in the Tree of Life, and are a major fraction of microbial diversity. Abundant in soils, ocean sediments and the water column, they have crucial roles in processes mediating global carbon and nutrient fluxes. Moreover, they represent an important component of the human microbiome, where their role in health and disease is still unclear. The development of culture-independent sequencing techniques has provided unprecedented access to genomic data from a large number of so far inaccessible archaeal lineages. This is revolutionizing our view of the diversity and metabolic potential of the Archaea in a wide variety of environments, an important step toward understanding their ecological role. The archaeal tree is being rapidly filled up with new branches constituting phyla, classes and orders, generating novel challenges for high-rank systematics, and providing key information for dissecting the origin of this domain, the evolutionary trajectories that have shaped its current diversity, and its relationships with Bacteria and Eukarya. The present picture is that of a huge diversity of the Archaea, which we are only starting to explore.

Published
2017

2. Evolutionary history of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase, one of the oldest enzymatic complexes

Author

Panagiotis S. Adam, Simonetta Gribaldo, Guillaume Borrel, Biologie Evolutive de la Cellule Microbienne - Evolutionary Biology of the Microbial Cell, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), P.S.A. is supported by a PhD fellowship from Paris Diderot University and by funds from the PhD Programme 'Frontières du Vivant (FdV)–Programme Bettencourt.' G.B. is a recipient of a Roux-Cantarini fellowship from the Institut Pasteur. S.G. acknowledges funding from the French National Agency for Research Grant ArchEvol (ANR-16-CE02-0005-01)., We thank Alexander Probst for feedback on an earlier version of the paper, and two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped improve clarity and correctness of the manuscript., ANR-16-CE02-0005,Arch-Evol,Approches phylogenomiques pour étudier l'origine et évolution des Archées(2016), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Enzyme complex, MESH: Genome, Archaeal, LUCA, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Genome, Bacterial, Genome, Corrections, chemistry.chemical_compound, Genome, Archaeal, MESH: Multienzyme Complexes/genetics, methanogens, Phylogeny, MESH: Phylogeny, Genetics, Carbon Monoxide, Multidisciplinary, Last universal ancestor, Carbon fixation, Acetyl-CoA, MESH: Carbon Cycle, Aldehyde Oxidoreductases, Biological Evolution, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, PNAS Plus, MESH: Bacteria/enzymology, Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, MESH: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/metabolism, Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, 030106 microbiology, MESH: Bacteria/genetics, Acetate-CoA Ligase, Bacterial genome size, Biology, MESH: Biological Evolution, MESH: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases/genetics, Carbon Cycle, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Carbon Monoxide/metabolism, Multienzyme Complexes, MESH: Archaea/genetics, evolution, MESH: Acetate-CoA Ligase/metabolism, MESH: Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism, MESH: Archaea/enzymology, Bacteria, MESH: Acetate-CoA Ligase/genetics, Archaea, acetogens, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, biology.protein, Genome, Bacterial
Abstract

Erratum in : Correction for Adam et al., Evolutionary history of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase, one of the oldest enzymatic complexes. [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018]; International audience; Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase (CODH/ ACS) is a five-subunit enzyme complex responsible for the carbonyl branch of the Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) pathway, considered one of the most ancient metabolisms for anaerobic carbon fixation, but its origin and evolutionary history have been unclear. While traditionally associated with methanogens and acetogens, the presence of CODH/ACS homologs has been reported in a large number of un-cultured anaerobic lineages. Here, we have carried out an exhaustive phylogenomic study of CODH/ACS in over 6,400 archaeal and bacterial genomes. The identification of complete and likely functional CODH/ACS complexes in these genomes significantly expands its distribution in microbial lineages. The CODH/ACS complex displays astounding conservation and vertical inheritance over geological times. Rare intradomain and interdomain transfer events might tie into important functional transitions, including the acquisition of CODH/ACS in some archaeal methanogens not known to fix carbon, the tinkering of the complex in a clade of model bacterial acetogens, or emergence of archaeal-bacterial hybrid complexes. Once these transfers were clearly identified, our results allowed us to infer the presence of a CODH/ACS complex with at least four subunits in the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). Different scenarios on the possible role of ancestral CODH/ACS are discussed. Despite common assumptions, all are equally compatible with an autotrophic, mixotrophic, or heterotrophic LUCA. Functional characterization of CODH/ACS from a larger spectrum of bacterial and archaeal lineages and detailed evolutionary analysis of the WL methyl branch will help resolve this issue.

Published
2018

3. Methanogenesis and the Wood-Ljungdahl Pathway: An Ancient, Versatile, and Fragile Association

Author

Simonetta Gribaldo, Panagiotis S. Adam, Guillaume Borrel, Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles (BMGE), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), G.B. is a recipient of a Roux-Cantarini fellowship from the Institut Pasteur. P.S.A. is supported by a PhD fellowship from Paris Diderot University and funds by the PhD Program 'Frontières du Vivant (FdV) – Programme Bettencourt., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, MESH: Genome, Archaeal, Methanogenesis, Lineage (evolution), MESH: Archaea/metabolism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Biology, MESH: Wood/metabolism, MESH: Methane/metabolism, Evolution, Molecular, MESH: Methanomicrobiaceae/genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Microbial ecology, archaeal ancestor, Genome, Archaeal, Phylogenetics, Phylogenomics, MESH: Carbon/metabolism, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, Genetics, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, MESH: Methanomicrobiaceae/metabolism, Ecology, methanogenesis, biology.organism_classification, Wood, Archaea, Carbon, MESH: Wood/chemistry, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 13. Climate action, Evolutionary biology, Wood–Ljungdahl pathway, Wood-Ljungdahl pathway, Methanomicrobiaceae, Euryarchaeota, Methane, pathway loss, MESH: Archaea/genetics, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, MESH: Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics, Perspectives
Abstract

International audience; Methanogenesis coupled to the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway is one of the most ancient metabolisms for energy generation and carbon fixation in the Archaea. Recent results are sensibly changing our view on the diversity of methane-cycling capabilities in this Domain of Life. The availability of genomic sequences from uncharted branches of the archaeal tree has highlighted the existence of novel methanogenic lineages phylogenetically distant to previously known ones, such as the Methanomassiliicoccales. At the same time, phylogenomic analyses have suggested a methanogenic ancestor for all Archaea, implying multiple independent losses of this metabolism during archaeal diversification. This prediction has been strengthened by the report of genes involved in methane cycling in members of the Bathyarchaeota (a lineage belonging to the TACK clade), representing the first indication of the presence of methanogenesis outside of the Euryarchaeota. In light of these new data, we discuss how the association between methanogenesis and the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway appears to be much more flexible than previously thought, and might provide information on the processes that led to loss of this metabolism in many archaeal lineages. The combination of environmental microbiology, experimental characterization and phylogenomics opens up exciting avenues of research to unravel the diversity and evolutionary history of fundamental metabolic pathways.

Published
2016

4. Biology of a widespread uncultivated archaeon that contributes to carbon fixation in the subsurface

Author

Alexander J. Probst, Jillian F. Banfield, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, Brian C. Thomas, Markus Schmid, Bernhard Viehweger, Arno Schintlmeister, Thomas Weinmaier, Gerhard Wanner, Simonetta Gribaldo, Thomas Rattei, Andreas Klingl, Joanne B. Emerson, Christine Moissl-Eichinger, Sandra Meck, Kasie Raymann, Ivan A. Berg, Anna K. Auerbach, A. Perras, Michael Wagner, Marcos Yukio Yoshinaga, Matthias Heise, University of Regensburg, Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of Vienna [Vienna], Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles (BMGE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Medical University Graz, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), LOEWE Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO), Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Center for Marine Environmental Sciences [Bremen] (MARUM), Universität Bremen, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science [Vienna], BioTechMed-Graz, Graz University of Technology [Graz] (TU Graz)-Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz-Medical University Graz, Research on SM1-MSI and IM-C4 was supported by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft), grant no. MO 1977/3-1 given to C.M.-E. A.J.P. was supported by the German National Academic Foundation (Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes). Research on SM1-CG was supported by US DOE EFRC award to Jillian Banfield. Research of IAB was supported by the German Research Foundation (grant no. BE 4822/3-1 and Heisenberg fellowship). Kasie Raymann is a scholar from the Pasteur–Paris University (PPU) International PhD program and received a stipend from the Paul W. Zuccaire Foundation. Molecular-isotopic studies of archaeal lipids in Bremen have been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz program and the ERC Advanced Grant DARCLIFE (both to KUH)., We thank Reinhard Wirth, Charlotte Völkel, Robert Huber, Tamas Torok, Pierre Offre, Florence Schubotz, Xavier Prieto and Dmitrij Turaev for assistance and discussions., University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Philipps Universität Marburg, and Graz University of Technology [Graz] (TU Graz)-Medical University Graz-Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche]

Subjects
MESH: Groundwater/microbiology, MESH: Archaea/metabolism, Lineage (evolution), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Molecular Sequence Data, General Physics and Astronomy, MESH: Archaea/classification, Genomics, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Carbon cycle, Carbon Cycle, Phylogenetics, MESH: Archaea/genetics, MESH: Carbon/metabolism, Autotroph, MESH: Phylogeny, Groundwater, Phylogeny, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, biology, Environmental microbiology, Ecology, Carbon fixation, MESH: Archaea/growth & development, Phylogenomics, MESH: Carbon Cycle, General Chemistry, Biogeochemistry, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Groundwater/analysis, Archaea, Carbon, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Candidatus, Metagenomics
Abstract

International audience; Subsurface microbial life contributes significantly to biogeochemical cycling, yet it remains largely uncharacterized, especially its archaeal members. This 'microbial dark matter' has been explored by recent studies that were, however, mostly based on DNA sequence information only. Here, we use diverse techniques including ultrastuctural analyses to link genomics to biology for the SM1 Euryarchaeon lineage, an uncultivated group of subsurface archaea. Phylogenomic analyses reveal this lineage to belong to a widespread group of archaea that we propose to classify as a new euryarchaeal order ('Candidatus Altiarchaeales'). The representative, double-membraned species 'Candidatus Altiarchaeum hamiconexum' has an autotrophic metabolism that uses a not-yet-reported Factor 420-free reductive acetyl-CoA pathway, confirmed by stable carbon isotopic measurements of archaeal lipids. Our results indicate that this lineage has evolved specific metabolic and structural features like nano-grappling hooks empowering this widely distributed archaeon to predominate anaerobic groundwater, where it may represent an important carbon dioxide sink.

Published
2014

5. Taxonomic and functional prokaryote diversity in mildly arsenic-contaminated sediments

Author

David Halter, Florence Goulhen-Chollet, Audrey Cordi, Fabienne Séby, Christophe Pagnout, Christine Schaeffer, Philippe N. Bertin, Sebastien Gallien, Simonetta Gribaldo, Didier Montaut, Florence Arsène-Ploetze, Pascale Bauda, Alain Van Dorsselaer, Christine Carapito, Audrey Heinrich-Salmeron, Génétique moléculaire, génomique, microbiologie (GMGM), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Interactions Ecotoxicologie, Biodiversité, Ecosystèmes (LIEBE), Université Paul Verlaine - Metz (UPVM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles (BMGE), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique [Strasbourg] (LSMBO), Département Sciences Analytiques et Interactions Ioniques et Biomoléculaires (DSA-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ultra Traces Analyses Aquitaine (UT2A), Ultra Traces Analyses Aquitaine, Audrey Cordi was supported by grants from the French Ministry of Research and the 'Zone Atelier Moselle' (ZAM) project. Audrey Heinrich-Salmeron, David Halter and Sebastien Gallien were supported by grants from the French Ministry of Research and the Université de Strasbourg. Florence Goulhen-Chollet was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), RARE project (Reactivity of an Arsenic-Rich Ecosystem). This study was financed by the EC2CO program (Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers, CNRS) and BRG., This work was performed in the framework of the Groupement de Recherche 'Métabolisme de l’Arsenic chez les micro-organismes: de la résistance à la détoxication' (GDR2909-CNRS)., ANR-07-BLAN-0118,RARE,Reactivity of an arsenic-rich ecosystem: an integrated genomics approach(2007), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Proteomics, Geologic Sediments, Thaumarchaeota, MESH: Archaea/metabolism, MESH: Environmental Pollutants/metabolism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Bacteria/genetics, MESH: Archaea/classification, Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: DNA, Archaeal/analysis, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, MESH: Archaea/isolation & purification, MESH: Ecosystem, MESH: Geologic Sediments/microbiology, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, 0303 health sciences, biology, Ecology, Planctomycetes, MESH: Microbial Consortia/physiology, General Medicine, Biodiversity, Adaptation, Physiological, DNA, Archaeal, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Arsenic/metabolism, Environmental Pollutants, France, Proteobacteria, MESH: Archaea/genetics, MESH: Bacteria/metabolism, DNA, Bacterial, MESH: Rivers/microbiology, MESH: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Microbial Consortia, Environmental genomics, Microbiology, Mining, MESH: Biodiversity, Arsenic, 03 medical and health sciences, Rivers, Metaproteomics, MESH: DNA, Bacterial/analysis, Molecular Biology, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Proteomics, Bacteria, 030306 microbiology, Phylum, Bacteroidetes, Prokaryote, MESH: Polymerase Chain Reaction, biology.organism_classification, Archaea, MESH: Adaptation, Physiological, MESH: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics, MESH: Gene Transfer, Horizontal, MESH: DNA, Bacterial/genetics, MESH: France, Metagenomics, MESH: DNA, Archaeal/genetics, MESH: Bacteria/classification, human activities, Acidobacteria, MESH: Bacteria/isolation & purification
Abstract

International audience; Arsenic-resistant prokaryote diversity is far from being exhaustively explored. In this study, the arsenic-adapted prokaryotic community present in a moderately arsenic-contaminated site near Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines (France) was characterized, using metaproteomic and 16S rRNA-encoding gene amplification. High prokaryotic diversity was observed, with a majority of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Bacter-oidetes, and a large archaeal community comprising Euryarchaeaota and Thaumarchaeota. Metaproteomic analysis revealed that Proteobacteria, Planctomycetes and Cyanobacteria are among the active bacteria in this ecosystem. Taken together, these results highlight the unsuspected high diversity of the arsenic-adapted prokaryotic community, with some phyla never having been described in highly arsenic-exposed sites.

Published
2011

6. Phylogenomics of the archaeal flagellum: rare horizontal gene transfer in a unique motility structure

Author

Simonetta Gribaldo, Céline Brochier-Armanet, Elie Desmond, Biologie Moléculaire du Gène chez les Extrêmophiles (BMGE), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut de biologie structurale et microbiologie (IBSM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Laboratoire de chimie bactérienne (LCB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Evolution, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Flagella/genetics, MESH: Archaea/classification, Bacterial Chemotaxis, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Flagellum, MESH: Genome, Archaeal, MESH: Genes, Archaeal, Genes, Archaeal, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Flagellin Gene, Crenarchaeota, Phylogenetics, Genome, Archaeal, Phylogenomics, Gene cluster, QH359-425, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, MESH: Evolution, Molecular, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Phylogeny, Genetics, Horizontal Gene Transfer, MESH: Gene Transfer, Horizontal, 0303 health sciences, biology, Phylogenetic tree, 030306 microbiology, Archaeal Genome, biology.organism_classification, Archaea, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Archaeal Species, Evolutionary biology, Flagella, Horizontal gene transfer, MESH: Archaea/genetics, Research Article
Abstract

Background As bacteria, motile archaeal species swim by means of rotating flagellum structures driven by a proton gradient force. Interestingly, experimental data have shown that the archaeal flagellum is non-homologous to the bacterial flagellum either in terms of overall structure, components and assembly. The growing number of complete archaeal genomes now permits to investigate the evolution of this unique motility system. Results We report here an exhaustive phylogenomic analysis of the components of the archaeal flagellum. In all complete archaeal genomes, the genes coding for flagellum components are co-localized in one or two well-conserved genomic clusters showing two different types of organizations. Despite their small size, these genes harbor a good phylogenetic signal that allows reconstruction of their evolutionary histories. These support a history of mainly vertical inheritance for the components of this unique motility system, and an interesting possible ancient horizontal gene transfer event (HGT) of a whole flagellum-coding gene cluster between Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. Conclusion Our study is one of the few exhaustive phylogenomics analyses of a non-informational cell machinery from the third domain of life. We propose an evolutionary scenario for the evolution of the components of the archaeal flagellum. Moreover, we show that the components of the archaeal flagellar system have not been frequently transferred among archaeal species, indicating that gene fixation following HGT can also be rare for genes encoding components of large macromolecular complexes with a structural role.

Published
2007

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